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Târtea DA, Manolea HO, Ionescu M, Gîngu O, Amărăscu MO, Popescu AM, Mercuţ V, Popescu SM. A Microscopy Evaluation of Emergence Profile Surfaces of Dental Custom CAD-CAM Implant Abutments and Dental Implant Stock Abutments. J Pers Med 2024; 14:699. [PMID: 39063952 PMCID: PMC11278322 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, due to the high demand for dental implants, the use of dental implant stock abutments has increased significantly, especially dental custom CAD/CAM implant abutments milled by dental technicians in their laboratories. The purpose of this study is to analyze the surface quality of the emergence profile of dental custom CAD/CAM implant abutments made by a non-industrial milling machine, compared to original and compatible dental implant stock abutments made by industrial machines. Thirty dental implant abutments were divided into six study lots. Lot 1 (control group): original dental implant stock abutments-industrial machined; lot 2 (study group): compatible dental implant stock abutments-industrial machined; lots 3, 4, 5, and 6 (study groups): compatible custom CAD/CAM dental implant abutments-non-industrial milled with hyperDENT CAM software and Paragon Tools. The Nikon SMZ745T stereomicroscope was used to analyze the emergence profile surface of each dental implant abutment. The structure of the analyzed surfaces did not show significant differences between original and compatible abutments that were industrially machined. As for the customized dental implant abutments, the greatest similarity with the original was obtained for lot 6, and a significant statistical difference was obtained for lot 4. Stepover and Feed Rate parameters of the milling process influenced the surface roughness of the emergence profile for the customized dental implant abutments. The digital technology of non-industrial milling compatible custom CAD/CAM dental implant abutments is reliable and within the correct milling parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Adrian Târtea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania (S.M.P.)
| | - Horia Octavian Manolea
- Department of Dental Materials, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihaela Ionescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Oana Gîngu
- Department of Engineering and Management of Technological Systems, Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 200512 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Marina Olimpia Amărăscu
- Department of Dental Morphology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Adrian Marcel Popescu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.M.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Veronica Mercuţ
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.M.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Sanda Mihaela Popescu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania (S.M.P.)
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Sinjab K, Sawant S, Ou A, Fenno JC, Wang HL, Kumar P. Impact of surface characteristics on the peri-implant microbiome in health and disease. J Periodontol 2024; 95:244-255. [PMID: 37665015 PMCID: PMC10909931 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because little is known about the impact of implant surface modifications on the peri-implant microbiome, we aimed to examine peri-implant communities in various surface types in order to better understand the impact of these surfaces on the development of peri-implantitis (PI). METHODS One hundred and six systemically healthy individuals with anodized (AN), hydroxyapatite-coated (HA), or sandblasted acid-etched (SLA) implants that were >6 months in function were recruited and categorized into health (H) or PI. Peri-implant biofilm was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared between health/disease and HA/SLA/AN using community-level and taxa-level metrics. RESULTS Healthy implants did not demonstrate significant differences in clustering, alpha- or beta-diversity based on surface modification. AN and HA surfaces displayed significant differences between health and PI (p < 0.05); however, such a clustering was not evident with SLA (p > 0.05). AN and HA surfaces also differed in the magnitude and diversity of differences between health and PI. Six species belonging to the genera Shuttleworthia, Scardovia, and Prevotella demonstrated lower abundances in AN implants with PI, and 18 species belonging to the genera Fretibacterium, Tannerella, Treponema, and Fusobacterium were elevated, while in HA implants with PI, 20 species belonging to the genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Veillonella, Rothia, and family Ruminococcaceae were depleted and Peptostreptococcaceae, Atopobiaceae, Veillonellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Desulfobulbaceae, and order Synergistales were enriched. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, we demonstrate that implant surface can differentially modify the disease-associated microbiome, suggesting that surface topography must be considered in the multi-factorial etiology of peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Sinjab
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan 1011 N University Ave Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Shriya Sawant
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan 1011 N University Ave Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Alice Ou
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan 1011 N University Ave Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - J. Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biological and Material Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan 1011 N University Ave Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan 1011 N University Ave Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Purnima Kumar
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan 1011 N University Ave Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Tardelli JDC, Bagnato VS, Reis ACD. Bacterial Adhesion Strength on Titanium Surfaces Quantified by Atomic Force Microscopy: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:994. [PMID: 37370313 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have been able to elucidate the correlation of factors determining the strength of interaction between bacterial cells and substrate at the molecular level. The aim was to answer the following question: What biophysical factors should be considered when analyzing the bacterial adhesion strength on titanium surfaces and its alloys for implants quantified by atomic force microscopy? This review followed PRISMA. The search strategy was applied in four databases. The selection process was carried out in two stages. The risk of bias was analyzed. One thousand four hundred sixty-three articles were found. After removing the duplicates, 1126 were screened by title and abstract, of which 57 were selected for full reading and 5 were included; 3 had a low risk of bias and 2 moderated risks of bias. (1) The current literature shows the preference of bacteria to adhere to surfaces of the same hydrophilicity. However, this fact was contradicted by this systematic review, which demonstrated that hydrophobic bacteria developed hydrogen bonds and adhered to hydrophilic surfaces; (2) the application of surface treatments that induce the reduction of areas favorable for bacterial adhesion interfere more in the formation of biofilm than surface roughness; and (3) bacterial colonization should be evaluated in time-dependent studies as they develop adaptation mechanisms, related to time, which are obscure in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dias Corpa Tardelli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-970, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cândido Dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil
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Application of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) in Oral Microbial Detection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121450. [PMID: 36558784 PMCID: PMC9788346 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Varieties of microorganisms reside in the oral cavity contributing to the occurrence and development of microbes associated with oral diseases; however, the distribution and in situ abundance in the biofilm are still unclear. In order to promote the understanding of the ecosystem of oral microbiota and the diagnosis of oral diseases, it is necessary to monitor and compare the oral microorganisms from different niches of the oral cavity in situ. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has proven to be a powerful tool for representing the status of oral microorganisms in the oral cavity. FISH is one of the most routinely used cytochemical techniques for genetic detection, identification, and localization by a fluorescently labeled nucleic acid probe, which can hybridize with targeted nucleic acid sequences. It has the advantages of rapidity, safety, high sensitivity, and specificity. FISH allows the identification and quantification of different oral microorganisms simultaneously. It can also visualize microorganisms by combining with other molecular biology technologies to represent the distribution of each microbial community in the oral biofilm. In this review, we summarized and discussed the development of FISH technology and the application of FISH in oral disease diagnosis and oral ecosystem research, highlighted its advantages in oral microbiology, listed the existing problems, and provided suggestions for future development..
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Zhong J, Li X, Yao Y, Zhou J, Cao S, Zhang X, Jian Y, Zhao K. Effect of acid-alkali treatment on serum protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion to porous titanium. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:20. [PMID: 35107647 PMCID: PMC8810456 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Modification of the titanium (Ti) surface is widely known to influence biological reactions such as protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion in vivo, ultimately controlling osseointegration. In this study, we sought to investigate the correlation of protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion with the nanoporous structure of acid-alkali-treated Ti implants, shedding light on the modification of Ti implants to promote osseointegration. We fabricated nontreated porous Ti (NTPT) by powder metallurgy and immersed it in mixed acids and NaOH to obtain acid-alkali-treated porous Ti (AAPT). Nontreated dense sample (NTDT) served as control. Our results showed that nanopores were formed after acid-alkali treatment. AAPT showed a higher specific surface area and became much more hydrophilic than NTPT and NTDT (p < 0.001). Compared to dense samples, porous samples exhibited a lower zeta potential and higher adsorbed protein level at each time point within 120 min (p < 0.001). AAPT formed a thicker protein layer by serum precoating than NTPT and NTDT (p < 0.001). The main adsorbed proteins on AAPT and NTPT were albumin, α1 antitrypsin, transferrin, apolipoprotein A1, complement C3 and haptoglobin α1 chain. The amounts of bacteria adhering to the serum-precoated samples were lower than those adhering to the nonprecoated samples (p < 0.05). Lower-molecular-weight proteins showed higher affinity to porous Ti. In conclusion, acid-alkali treatment facilitated protein adsorption by porous Ti, and the protein coating tended to prevent bacteria from adhering. These findings may be utilized for Ti implant modification aimed at reducing bacterial adhesion and enhancing osseointegration. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Guangzhou Yuexiu Stomatological Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yitong Yao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yutao Jian
- Institute of Stomatological Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
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Antibacterial Effects of Modified Implant Abutment Surfaces for the Prevention of Peri-Implantitis-A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111350. [PMID: 34827288 PMCID: PMC8615005 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to systematically review studies investigating antibacterial implant abutment surfaces or coatings, which may suppress bacterial growth to prevent plaque-induced peri-implant inflammatory disease. Data were collected after identification of case, assay/laboratory procedure, predicate/reference standard and outcome (CAPO). Seven hundred and twenty (720) records were identified through data base searching. After screening nine publications fulfilled inclusion criteria and were included. The following surfaces/coatings showed antibacterial properties: Electrochemical surface modification of titanium by the anodic spark deposition technique; doxycycline coating by cathodic polarization; silver coating by DC plasma sputter; titanium nitride; zirconium nitride and microwave assistant nano silver coating. Since the current state of the literature is rather descriptive, a meta-analysis was not performed. While several abutment coatings showed to have antibacterial capacity, some of them also influenced the behavior of investigated human cells. None of the studies investigated the long-term effect of surface modifications. Since surface changes are the main contributing factor in the development of antibacterial effects, the biodegradation behavior must be characterized to understand its durability. To date there is no effective structure, material or strategy to avoid peri-implant inflammation used as clinical routine. Furthermore, clinical studies are scarce.
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Dhaliwal JS, Abd Rahman NA, Ming LC, Dhaliwal SKS, Knights J, Albuquerque Junior RF. Microbial Biofilm Decontamination on Dental Implant Surfaces: A Mini Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:736186. [PMID: 34692562 PMCID: PMC8531646 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.736186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction After insertion into the bone, implants osseointegrate, which is required for their long-term success. However, inflammation and infection around the implants may lead to implant failure leading to peri-implantitis and loss of supporting bone, which may eventually lead to failure of implant. Surface chemistry of the implant and lack of cleanliness on the part of the patient are related to peri-implantitis. The only way to get rid of this infection is decontamination of dental implants. Objective This systematic review intended to study decontamination of microbial biofilm methods on titanium implant surfaces used in dentistry. Methods The electronic databases Springer Link, Science Direct, and PubMed were explored from their inception until December 2020 to identify relevant studies. Studies included had to evaluate the efficiency of new strategies either to prevent formation of biofilm or to treat matured biofilm on dental implant surfaces. Results and Discussion In this systematic review, 17 different groups of decontamination methods were summarized from 116 studies. The decontamination methods included coating materials, mechanical cleaning, laser treatment, photodynamic therapy, air polishing, anodizing treatment, radiation, sonication, thermal treatment, ultrasound treatment, chemical treatment, electrochemical treatment, antimicrobial drugs, argon treatment, and probiotics. Conclusion The findings suggest that most of the decontamination methods were effective in preventing the formation of biofilm and in decontaminating established biofilm on dental implants. This narrative review provides a summary of methods for future research in the development of new dental implants and decontamination techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Nurul Adhwa Abd Rahman
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Sachinjeet Kaur Sodhi Dhaliwal
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Joe Knights
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
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Contact Guidance Effect and Prevention of Microfouling on a Beta Titanium Alloy Surface Structured by Electron-Beam Technology. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061474. [PMID: 34199432 PMCID: PMC8227382 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and micro-structuring of implantable materials constitute a promising approach to introduce mechanical contact guidance effect, drive cells colonization, as well as to prevent bacteria adhesion and biofilm aggregation, through antifouling topography. Accordingly, this paper aims to extend the application of e-beam surface texturing and nano-structuring to the beta titanium alloys, which are of great interest for biomedical implants because of the low Young modulus and the reduction of the stress shielding effect. The paper shows that surface texturing on the micro-scale (micro-grooves) is functional to a contact guidance effect on gingival fibroblasts. Moreover, nano-structuring, derived from the e-beam surface treatment, is effective to prevent microfouling. In fact, human fibroblasts were cultivated directly onto grooved specimens showing to sense the surface micro-structure thus spreading following the grooves’ orientation. Moreover, Staphylococcus aureus colonies adhesion was prevented by the nano-topographies in comparison to the mirror-polished control, thus demonstrating promising antifouling properties. Furthermore, the research goes into detail to understand the mechanism of microfouling prevention due to nano-topography and microstructure.
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Turri A, Čirgić E, Shah FA, Hoffman M, Omar O, Dahlin C, Trobos M. Early plaque formation on PTFE membranes with expanded or dense surface structures applied in the oral cavity of human volunteers. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 7:137-146. [PMID: 33169543 PMCID: PMC8019762 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This clinical randomized study aimed to evaluate the early plaque formation on nonresorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes having either a dense (d‐PTFE) or an expanded (e‐PTFE) microstructure and exposed to the oral cavity. Material and Methods Twelve individuals were enrolled in this study. In a split‐mouth design, five test membranes (e‐PTFE) with a dual‐layer configuration and five control membranes (d‐PTFE) were bonded on the buccal surfaces of posterior teeth of each subject. All study subjects refrained from toothbrushing during the study period. Specimens were detached from the teeth at 4 and 24 hr and subjected to viability counting, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Plaque samples were harvested from neighboring teeth at baseline, 4, and 24 hr, as control. Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied. Results No bond failure of the membranes was reported. Between the early and late time points, viable bacterial counts increased on all membranes, with no difference between the test and control. The number of Staphylococcus spp. decreased on the tooth surfaces and increased on both membranes overtime, with a significant difference compared to teeth. The total biomass and average biofilm thickness of live and dead cells were significantly greater at the d‐PTFE barriers after 4 hr. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the e‐PTFE membrane was associated with a lesser degree of biofilm accumulation during the initial exposure compared to the d‐PTFE membrane. The present experimental setup provides a valuable toolbox to study the in vivo behavior of different membranes used in guided bone regeneration (GBR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Turri
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Brånemark Clinic, Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emina Čirgić
- Department of Orthodontics, University Clinics of Odontology, Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Furqan A Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Hoffman
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Omar Omar
- Vice Deanship for Postgraduate Studies and Scientific Research, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christer Dahlin
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Oral, Maxillofacial Surgery and Research and Development, NU-Hospital Organisation, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Margarita Trobos
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Agnihotri R, Gaur S, Albin S. Nanometals in Dentistry: Applications and Toxicological Implications-a Systematic Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:70-88. [PMID: 31782063 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a vital part of health care system, including the dentistry. This branch of technology has been incorporated into various fields of dentistry ranging from diagnosis to prevention and treatment. The latter involves application of numerous biomaterials that help in restoration of esthetic and functional dentition. Over the past decade, these materials were modified through the incorporation of metal nanoparticles (NP) like silver (Ag), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and zirconia (Zr). They enhanced antimicrobial, mechanical, and regenerative properties of these materials. However, lately, the toxicological implications of these nanometal particles have been realized. They were associated with cytotoxicity, genotoxicity altered inflammatory processes, and reticuloendothelial system toxicity. As dental biomaterials containing metal NPs remain functional in oral cavity over prolonged periods, it is important to know their toxicological effects in humans. With this background, the present systematic review is aimed to gain an insight into the plausible applications and toxic implications of nano-metal particles as related to dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Agnihotri
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sumit Gaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Sacharia Albin
- Engineering Department, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, 23504, USA
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Abstract
Osseointegrated dental implants are a revolutionary tool in the armament of reconstructive dentistry, employed to replace missing teeth and restore masticatory, occlusal, and esthetic functions. Like natural teeth, the orally exposed part of dental implants offers a pristine nonshedding surface for salivary pellicle-mediated microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. In early colonization stages, these bacterial communities closely resemble those of healthy periodontal sites, with lower diversity. Because the peri-implant tissues are more susceptible to endogenous oral infections, understanding of the ecological triggers that underpin the microbial pathogenesis of peri-implantitis is central to developing improved prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, notably applied to 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons, has enabled the comprehensive taxonomic characterization of peri-implant bacterial communities in health and disease, revealing a differentially abundant microbiota between these 2 states, or with periodontitis. With that, the peri-implant niche is highlighted as a distinct ecosystem that shapes its individual resident microbial community. Shifts from health to disease include an increase in diversity and a gradual depletion of commensals, along with an enrichment of classical and emerging periodontal pathogens. Metatranscriptomic profiling revealed similarities in the virulence characteristics of microbial communities from peri-implantitis and periodontitis, nonetheless with some distinctive pathways and interbacterial networks. Deeper functional assessment of the physiology and virulence of the well-characterized microbial communities of the peri-implant niche will elucidate further the etiopathogenic mechanisms and drivers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - D Manoil
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
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Electron Beam Structuring of Ti6Al4V: New Insights on the Metal Surface Properties Influencing the Bacterial Adhesion. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020409. [PMID: 31952307 PMCID: PMC7013952 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue adhesion and infection prevention are currently challenging for dental transmucosal or percutaneous orthopedic implants. It has previously been shown that aligned micro-grooves obtained by Electron Beam (EB) can drive fibroblast alignment for improved soft tissue adhesion. In this work, evidence is presented that the same technique can also be effective for a reduction of the infection risk. Grooves 10-30 µm wide and around 0.2 µm deep were obtained on Ti6Al4V by EB. EB treatment changes the crystalline structure and microstructure in a surface layer that is thicker than the groove depth. Unexpectedly, a significant bacterial reduction was observed. The surfaces were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, confocal microscopy, contact profilometry, wettability and bacterial adhesion tests. The influence of surface topography, microstructure and crystallography on bacterial adhesion was systematically investigated: it was evidenced that the bacterial reduction after EB surface treatment is not correlated with the grooves, but with the microstructure induced by the EB treatment, with a significant bacterial reduction when the surface microstructure has a high density of grain boundaries. This correlation between microstructure and bacterial adhesion was reported for the first time for Ti alloys.
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Taxis J, von Wilmowsky C, Pedimonte BJ, Beuscher HU, Ries J, Kesting M, Moest T. The influence of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide on the initial adhesion of Streptococcus mitis and mutans. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1687-1696. [PMID: 31763773 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoscale surface modifications offers a possibility to regulate the bacterial adherence behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide of different pore diameters on the bacterial species Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans. Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) surfaces with an average pore diameter of 15 and 40 nm, polished pure titanium and compact aluminum oxide (alumina) samples as reference material were investigated. S. mitis and mutans were evaluated for initial adhesion and viability after an incubation period of 30 and 120 min. After 30 min a significantly reduced growth of S. mitis and mutans on 15 nm samples compared to specimens with 40 nm pore diameter, alumina and titanium surfaces could be observed (p < .001). Even after 120 min incubation there was a significant difference between the surfaces with 15 nm pore diameter and the remaining samples (p < .001). AAO surfaces with a small pore diameter have an inhibitory effect on the initial adhesion of S. mitis and mutans. The use of such pore dimensions in the area of the implant shoulder represents a possibility to reduce the adhesion behavior of these bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Taxis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Glueckstraße, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelius von Wilmowsky
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Glueckstraße, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Birgit J Pedimonte
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstraße, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Horst-Ulrich Beuscher
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen, Wasserturmstraße, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jutta Ries
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Glueckstraße, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Kesting
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Glueckstraße, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Moest
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Glueckstraße, Erlangen, Germany
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Leon-Ramos JR, Diosdado-Cano JM, López-Santos C, Barranco A, Torres-Lagares D, Serrera-Figallo MÁ. Influence of Titanium Oxide Pillar Array Nanometric Structures and Ultraviolet Irradiation on the Properties of the Surface of Dental Implants-A Pilot Study. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101458. [PMID: 31615097 PMCID: PMC6835777 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Titanium implants are commonly used as replacement therapy for lost teeth and much current research is focusing on the improvement of the chemical and physical properties of their surfaces in order to improve the osseointegration process. TiO2, when it is deposited in the form of pillar array nanometric structures, has photocatalytic properties and wet surface control, which, together with UV irradiation, provide it with superhydrophilic surfaces, which may be of interest for improving cell adhesion on the peri-implant surface. In this article, we address the influence of this type of surface treatment on type IV and type V titanium discs on their surface energy and cell growth on them. Materials and methods: Samples from titanium rods used for making dental implants were used. There were two types of samples: grade IV and grade V. In turn, within each grade, two types of samples were differentiated: untreated and treated with sand blasting and subjected to double acid etching. Synthesis of the film consisting of titanium oxide pillar array structures was carried out using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition equipment. The plasma was generated in a quartz vessel by an external SLAN-1 microwave source with a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Five specimens from each group were used (40 discs in total). On the surfaces to be studied, the following determinations were carried out: (a) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, (b) scanning electron microscopy, (c) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, (d) profilometry, (e) contact angle measurement or surface wettability, (f) progression of contact angle on applying ultraviolet irradiation, and (g) a biocompatibility test and cytotoxicity with cell cultures. Results: The application of ultraviolet light decreased the hydrophobicity of all the surfaces studied, although it did so to a greater extent on the surfaces with the studied modification applied, this being more evident in samples manufactured in grade V titanium. In samples made in grade IV titanium, this difference was less evident, and even in the sample manufactured with grade IV and SLA treatment, the application of the nanometric modification of the surface made the surface optically less active. Regarding cell growth, all the surfaces studied, grouped in relation to the presence or not of the nanometric treatment, showed similar growth. Conclusions. Treatment of titanium oxide surfaces with ultraviolet irradiation made them change temporarily into superhydrophilic ones, which confirms that their biocompatibility could be improved in this way, or at least be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Rey Leon-Ramos
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville, CSIC-University of Seville, Américo Vespucio Street n 49, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Carmen López-Santos
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville, CSIC-University of Seville, Américo Vespucio Street n 49, 41092 Seville, Spain.
- Department of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Seville, Reina Mercedes Street, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Angel Barranco
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville, CSIC-University of Seville, Américo Vespucio Street n 49, 41092 Seville, Spain.
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Kumar PS, KS SK, Grandhi VV, Gupta V. The Effects of Titanium Implant Surface Topography on Osseointegration: Literature Review. JMIR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.2196/13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Nagay BE, Dini C, Cordeiro JM, Ricomini-Filho AP, de Avila ED, Rangel EC, da Cruz NC, Barão VAR. Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity of TiO 2 Codoped with Nitrogen and Bismuth: New Perspectives to Control Implant-Biofilm-Related Diseases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18186-18202. [PMID: 31038914 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated diseases are one of the main causes of implant failure. Currently, the development of implant surface treatment goes beyond the osseointegration process and focuses on the creation of surfaces with antimicrobial action and with the possibility to be re-activated (i.e., light source activation). Titanium dioxide (TiO2), an excellent photocatalyst used for photocatalytic antibacterial applications, could be a great alternative, but its efficiency is limited to the ultraviolet (UV) range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Since UV radiation has carcinogenic potential, we created a functional TiO2 coating codoped with nitrogen and bismuth via the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of titanium to achieve an antibacterial effect under visible light with re-activation potential. A complex surface topography was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy. Additionally, PEO-treated surfaces showed greater hydrophilicity and albumin adsorption compared to control, untreated titanium. Bismuth incorporation shifted the band gap of TiO2 to the visible region and facilitated higher degradation of methyl orange (MO) in the dark, with a greater reduction in the concentration of MO after visible-light irradiation even after 72 h of aging. These results were consistent with the in vitro antibacterial effect, where samples with nitrogen and bismuth in their composition showed the greatest bacterial reduction after 24 h of dual-species biofilm formation ( Streptococcus sanguinis and Actinomyces naeslundii) in darkness with a superior effect at 30 min of visible-light irradiation. In addition, such a coating presents reusable photocatalytic potential and good biocompatibility by presenting a noncytotoxicity effect on human gingival fibroblast cells. Therefore, nitrogen and bismuth incorporation into TiO2 via PEO can be considered a promising alternative for dental implant application with antibacterial properties in darkness, with a stronger effect after visible-light application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erica D de Avila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , R. Humaitá, 1680 , Araraquara , São Paulo 14801-903 , Brazil
| | - Elidiane C Rangel
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Institute of Science and Technology , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Av. Três de Março, 511 , Sorocaba , São Paulo 18087-180 , Brazil
| | - Nilson C da Cruz
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Institute of Science and Technology , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Av. Três de Março, 511 , Sorocaba , São Paulo 18087-180 , Brazil
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Early Biofilm Formation on UV Light Activated Nanoporous TiO 2 Surfaces In Vivo. Int J Biomater 2019; 2018:7275617. [PMID: 30595694 PMCID: PMC6282137 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7275617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore early S. mutans biofilm formation on hydrothermally induced nanoporous TiO2 surfaces in vivo and to examine the effect of UV light activation on the biofilm development. Materials and Methods Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy discs (n = 40) were divided into four groups with different surface treatments: noncoated titanium alloy (NC); UV treated noncoated titanium alloy (UVNC); hydrothermally induced TiO2 coating (HT); and UV treated titanium alloy with hydrothermally induced TiO2 coating (UVHT). In vivo plaque formation was studied in 10 healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. Titanium discs were randomly distributed among the maxillary first and second molars. UV treatment was administered for 60 min immediately before attaching the discs in subjects' molars. Plaque samples were collected 24h after the attachment of the specimens. Mutans streptococci (MS), non-mutans streptococci, and total facultative bacteria were cultured, and colonies were counted. Results The plaque samples of NC (NC + UVNC) surfaces showed over 2 times more often S. mutans when compared to TiO2 surfaces (HT + UVHT), with the number of colonized surfaces equal to 7 and 3, respectively. Conclusion This in vivo study suggested that HT TiO2 surfaces, which we earlier showed to improve blood coagulation and encourage human gingival fibroblast attachment in vitro, do not enhance salivary microbial (mostly mutans streptococci) adhesion and initial biofilm formation when compared with noncoated titanium alloy. UV light treatment provided Ti-6Al-4V surfaces with antibacterial properties and showed a trend towards less biofilm formation when compared with non-UV treated titanium surfaces.
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Mangano C, Mangano FG, Shibli JA, Roth LA, d' Addazio G, Piattelli A, Iezzi G. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Peri-Implant Soft Tissues around Machined and Direct Metal Laser Sintered (DMLS) Healing Abutments in Humans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081611. [PMID: 30061523 PMCID: PMC6121298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Direct metal laser Sintering (DMLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that allows fabrication of dental implants and related components with a highly porous surface. To date, no human studies have investigated the soft tissue adhesion and presence of inflammatory infiltrate with porous DMLS healing abutments (HAs), nor have they compared these with the classic machined ones. Purpose: To evaluate the degree of cell adhesion (integrin expression) and the quantity/quality of inflammatory infiltrate, on HAs with different surfaces; full DMLS, full machined, and hybrid (half DMLS and half machined). Methods: Fifty implant patients were randomly assigned to receive one of these different Has: T1, full DMLS (11 subjects); T2, machined in the upper portion and DMLS in the lower one (10 subjects); T3, DMLS in the upper portion and machined in the lower one (19 subjects); T4, full machined (10 patients). Thirty days after placement, circular sections of soft tissues around HAs were retrieved for immunohistochemical evaluation. Results: With regard to the adhesion molecules, the samples showed different intensity of integrin expression, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between T1 and the other groups. All the samples were positive for the different clusters related to the inflammatory infiltrate (T lymphocytes, CD3; B lymphocytes, CD20; and macrophages, CD68), but a lower infiltrate was found in T1, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) among the groups. Conclusions: The HA surface seems to influence the degree of cell adhesion and the inflammatory infiltrate of the surrounding soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mangano
- Department of Dental Sciences, Dental School, San Raffaele University, Milan 20132, Italy.
| | - Francesco Guido Mangano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Dental School, Insubria University, Varese 21100, Italy.
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 743372, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Amadeu Roth
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 743372, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gianmaria d' Addazio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti 66100, Italy.
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti 66100, Italy.
- Catholic University of San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia 30107, Spain.
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti 66100, Italy.
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Antibacterial photocatalytic activity of different crystalline TiO2 phases in oral multispecies biofilm. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e182-e195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Influence of the Thermal Treatment to Address a Better Osseointegration of Ti6Al4V Dental Implants: Histological and Histomorphometrical Study in a Rabbit Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2349698. [PMID: 30050922 PMCID: PMC6040305 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2349698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Pure titanium continues to be the first choice for dental implants and represents the gold standard for their biocompatibility and physical and mechanical characteristics, while the titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) has good mechanical properties. The surface structure of the titanium oxide layer formation on the surface influences and improves the bone response around dental implants. Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of a thermal treatment of Ti6Al4V implant surfaces and the bone healing response in a rabbit model. Methods Altogether sixteen implants with same design were inserted into the distal femoral metaphysis. A screw (13 mm long, 4 mm in diameter) was inserted in an implant bed. Each rabbit received two implants, one in the left femur and one in the right femur. The samples were histologically and histomorphometrically evaluated at 8 weeks. Results A statistically significant difference (p = 0.000034) was present histologically in the percentages of bone-implant contact (BIC) between the test group (BIC = 69.25±4.49%.) and control group (BIC = 56.25 ± 4.8%) by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Conclusions The outcome of the present study indicates a novel approach to improving bone healing around titanium implants.
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Areid N, Peltola A, Kangasniemi I, Ballo A, Närhi TO. Effect of ultraviolet light treatment on surface hydrophilicity and human gingival fibroblast response on nanostructured titanium surfaces. Clin Exp Dent Res 2018; 4:78-85. [PMID: 29955391 PMCID: PMC6010723 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of nanostructured TiO2 coatings on human gingival fibroblast and to explore the influence of ultraviolet (UV) light on surface wettability and cellular response. Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy discs (n = 96) were divided into three groups: a sol-gel-derived MetAlive™ (MA) coating; hydrothermal (HT) coating; and a non-coated (NC) group. Forty-eight titanium substrates were further treated with UV light for 15 min. The water contact angles of the substrates were measured using the sessile drop method. Human gingival fibroblasts were used to evaluate the cell adhesion strength and cell proliferation on experimental surfaces. The strength of cell adhesion against enzymatic detachment was studied after 6 hr of adhesion using gentle trypsinization for 15 min at room temperature. A fluorescence microscope was used for cell imaging (Zeiss-stereo-lumar-v12), and images were analyzed for cell counting, and the percentage of detached cells were calculated. The proliferation of cultured cells up to 10 days was determined according to the cell activity using Alamar Blue™assay. The HT group had the lowest contact angle value (31.1°) followed by MetAlive™ (35.3°), whereas the NC group had the highest contact angle (50.3°). After UV light treatment, all surfaces become considerably more hydrophilic. There was a significant difference in the amount of adherent cells between sol-gel and HT groups when compared with the NC group (p < .05) with detachment percentages of 35.8%, 36.4%, and 70.7%, respectively. All substrate types showed an increase in cell proliferation rate until 10 days. It can be concluded that nanostructured titanium oxide implant surfaces, obtained by sol-gel and HT coating methods, enhance the surface wettability and improve human gingival fibroblast function in terms of adhesion and proliferation rate when compared with non-coated surfaces. UV light treatment clearly enhances the wettability of all titanium surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat Areid
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatognathic PhysiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Ari Peltola
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials CentreUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - Ahmed Ballo
- Division of Prosthodontics and Dental Geriatrics, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of British ColumbiaBCCanada
| | - Timo O. Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatognathic PhysiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseaseTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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Areid N, Kangasniemi I, Söderling E, Närhi TO. Ultraviolet photofunctionalization of nanostructured titanium surfaces enhances thrombogenicity and platelet response. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:56. [PMID: 29728865 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate blood and platelet response to nanostructured TiO2 coatings and to investigate the effect of Ultraviolet (UV) light treatment on blood clotting ability, platelet activation and protein adhesion. Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plates (n = 138) were divided into three groups; a sol-gel derived MetAliveTM coating (MA); hydrothermal coating (HT); and a non-coated group (NC). Sixty nine titanium substrates were further treated with UV light for 1 h. The thrombogenicity of the titanium substrates was assessed using fresh human blood with a whole blood kinetic clotting time method. The platelet adhesion test was conducted to evaluate the morphology and adhesion behavior of the platelets on the titanium substrates. Human diluted plasma and bovine fibronectin were used to evaluate protein adsorption. Total clotting time for the UV treated HT, MA and NC titanium substrates was almost 40 min compared to 60 min for non-UV substrates, the total clotting time for the UV treated groups were significantly lower than that of the non UV NC group (p < 0.05). UV light treatment had significantly enhanced coagulation rates. The HT and MA substrates presented more platelet aggregation, spreading and pseudopod formation in comparison with the NC substrates. UV treatment did not affect the platelet activation and protein adsorption. This in vitro study concluded that nanostructured titanium dioxide implant surfaces obtained by sol-gel and hydrothermal coating methods increased coagulation rates and enhanced platelet response when compared with non-coated surfaces. UV light treatment clearly improved thrombogenicity of all examined Ti-6Al-4V surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat Areid
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Kangasniemi
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva Söderling
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo O Närhi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Westas E, Hayashi M, Cecchinato F, Wennerberg A, Andersson M, Jimbo R, Davies JR. Bactericidal effect of photocatalytically-active nanostructured TiO2surfaces on biofilms of the early oral colonizer,Streptococcus oralis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2321-2328. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Westas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg Sweden
| | - Mariko Hayashi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty ofOdontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Francesca Cecchinato
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty ofOdontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Ann Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty ofOdontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Martin Andersson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg Sweden
| | - Ryo Jimbo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Julia R Davies
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
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How do wettability, zeta potential and hydroxylation degree affect the biological response of biomaterials? MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 74:542-555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Pezzoni M, Catalano PN, Pizarro RA, Desimone MF, Soler-Illia GJAA, Bellino MG, Costa CS. Antibiofilm effect of supramolecularly templated mesoporous silica coatings. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:1044-1049. [PMID: 28531977 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria attached to solid surfaces and encased in a self-synthesized matrix, so-called biofilms, are highly difficult to eradicate and present negative impact on industry and human health. The ability of supramolecularly templated mesoporous silica coatings to inhibit biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is shown here. Assays employing submerged and air-liquid interface biofilms demonstrated that mesoporous coatings with tuned pore size significantly reduce the number of attached bacteria and matrix production. Given its versatility, scalability, robustness and low cost, our proposal is attractive for the production of transparent, inert and permanent antibiofilm coatings that could be applied on multiple surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pezzoni
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Argentina
| | - Paolo N Catalano
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica-CONICET, Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Argentina
| | - Ramón A Pizarro
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Argentina
| | - Martín F Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIMEFA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 954, CP1113 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Galo J A A Soler-Illia
- Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, B1650KNA San Martín, Argentina
| | - Martín G Bellino
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica-CONICET, Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Argentina.
| | - Cristina S Costa
- Departamento de Radiobiología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. General Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Argentina.
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Biswas A, Salunke G, Khandelwal P, Das R, Poddar P. Surface disordered rutile TiO2–graphene quantum dot hybrids: a new multifunctional material with superior photocatalytic and biofilm eradication properties. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03607d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Superior photocatalytic degradation by a TG-hybrid towards methylene blue and rhodamine B with enhanced reactive oxygen species for bacterial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Biswas
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
| | - Gayatri Salunke
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
| | - Puneet Khandelwal
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Raja Das
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Pankaj Poddar
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune – 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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Merghni A, Bekir K, Kadmi Y, Dallel I, Janel S, Bovio S, Barois N, Lafont F, Mastouri M. Adhesiveness of opportunistic Staphylococcus aureus to materials used in dental office: In vitro study. Microb Pathog 2016; 103:129-134. [PMID: 27993700 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of several opportunistic microbial pathogens associated with many healthcare problems. In the present study, S. aureus was assessed for its biofilm-forming ability on materials routinely used in dental offices, including stainless steel (SS), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Materials that were tested were characterized for roughness (Ra) and surface free energy (SFE). The adhesion forces exerted by S. aureus to each substratum were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and biofilm formation was quantitatively assessed by crystal violet staining assay. AFM measurements demonstrated that the strongest adhesion forces (20 nN) were exerted on the PE surfaces (P < 0.05) and depended more on Ra. In addition, the results of biofilm formation capability indicated that S. aureus exhibited more affinity to SS materials when compared to the other materials (P < 0.05). This ability of biofilm formation seems to be more correlated to SFE (R = 0.65). Hence, control of the surface properties of materials used in dental practices is of crucial importance for preventing biofilm formation on dental materials to be used for patients' dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmen Merghni
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biological Agents (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Karima Bekir
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Environmental Pollutants and Products (LR01ES16), Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Kadmi
- Université d'Artois, EA 7394, Institut Charles VIOLLETTE, Lens, F-62300, France; ISA Lille, EA 7394, Institut Charles VIOLLETTE, Lille, F-59000, France; Ulco, EA 7394, Institut Charles VIOLLETTE, Boulogne sur Mer, F-62200, France; Université de Lille, EA 7394, Institut Charles VIOLLETTE, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Ines Dallel
- Orthodontic Department of Monastir Dental Clinic, Laboratory of Oral Health and Orofacial Rehabilitation (LR12ES11), Tunisia
| | | | | | | | - Frank Lafont
- BioImaging Center Lille-FR3642, Lille, France; Cellular Microbiology and Physics of Infection Group - Center of Infection and Immunity of Lille: CNRS UMR8204, INSERM U1019, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille Regional University Hospital Centre, Lille University, France
| | - Maha Mastouri
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biological Agents (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia; Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital of Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
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Alhilou A, Do T, Mizban L, Clarkson BH, Wood DJ, Katsikogianni MG. Physicochemical and Antibacterial Characterization of a Novel Fluorapatite Coating. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:264-276. [PMID: 27656690 PMCID: PMC5026462 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis remains the major impediment to the long-term use of dental implants. With increasing concern over the growth in antibiotic resistance, there is considerable interest in the preparation of antimicrobial dental implant coatings that also induce osseointegration. One such potential coating material is fluorapatite (FA). The aim of this study was to relate the antibacterial effectiveness of FA coatings against pathogens implicated in peri-implantitis to the physicochemical properties of the coating. Ordered and disordered FA coatings were produced on the under and upper surfaces of stainless steel (SS) discs, respectively, using a hydrothermal method. Surface charge, surface roughness, wettability, and fluoride release were measured for each coating. Surface chemistry was assessed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FA crystallinity using X-ray diffraction. Antibacterial activity against periodontopathogens was assessed in vitro using viable counts, confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM showed that the hydrothermal method produced FA coatings that were predominately aligned perpendicular to the SS substrate or disordered FA coatings consisting of randomly aligned rodlike crystals. Both FA coatings significantly reduced the growth of all examined bacterial strains in comparison to the control. The FA coatings, especially the disordered ones, presented significantly lower charge, greater roughness, and higher area when compared to the control, enhancing bacteria-material interactions and therefore bacterial deactivation by fluoride ions. The ordered FA layer reduced not only bacterial viability but adhesion too. The ordered FA crystals produced as a potential novel implant coating showed significant antibacterial activity against bacteria implicated in peri-implantitis, which could be explained by a detailed understanding of their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alhilou
- Biomaterials
and Tissue Engineering Research Group and Microbiology and Cell Biology Research
Group, School of Dentistry, University of
Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, West Yorkshire, U.K.
| | - Thuy Do
- Biomaterials
and Tissue Engineering Research Group and Microbiology and Cell Biology Research
Group, School of Dentistry, University of
Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, West Yorkshire, U.K.
| | - Laith Mizban
- Biomaterials
and Tissue Engineering Research Group and Microbiology and Cell Biology Research
Group, School of Dentistry, University of
Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, West Yorkshire, U.K.
| | - Brian H. Clarkson
- Cariology,
Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1078, United States
| | - David J. Wood
- Biomaterials
and Tissue Engineering Research Group and Microbiology and Cell Biology Research
Group, School of Dentistry, University of
Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, West Yorkshire, U.K.
| | - Maria G. Katsikogianni
- Biomaterials
and Tissue Engineering Research Group and Microbiology and Cell Biology Research
Group, School of Dentistry, University of
Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, West Yorkshire, U.K.
- Advanced
Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
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29
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Singh BN, Prateeksha, Upreti DK, Singh BR, Defoirdt T, Gupta VK, De Souza AO, Singh HB, Barreira JCM, Ferreira ICFR, Vahabi K. Bactericidal, quorum quenching and anti-biofilm nanofactories: a new niche for nanotechnologists. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:525-540. [PMID: 27684212 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1199010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite several conventional potent antibacterial therapies, bacterial infections pose a significant threat to human health because they are emerging as the leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, there is a pressing demand to discover novel approaches for developing more effective therapies to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and biofilm-associated infections. Therefore, attention has been especially devoted to a new and emerging branch of science "nanotechnology" to design non-conventional antimicrobial chemotherapies. A range of nanomaterials and nano-sized carriers for conventional antimicrobial agents have fully justified their potential to combat bacterial diseases by reducing cell viability, by attenuating quorum sensing, and by inhibiting/or eradicating biofilms. This communication summarizes emerging nano-antimicrobial therapies in treating bacterial infections, particularly using antibacterial, quorum quenching, and anti-biofilm nanomaterials as new approaches to tackle the current challenges in combating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahma N Singh
- a Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division , CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Prateeksha
- a Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division , CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Dalip K Upreti
- b Lichenology laboratory , Plant Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Braj Raj Singh
- c TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, TERI Gram, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurgaon , Haryana , India.,d Centre of Excellence in Materials Science (Nanomaterials), Z. H. College of Engineering and Technology , Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Tom Defoirdt
- d Centre of Excellence in Materials Science (Nanomaterials), Z. H. College of Engineering and Technology , Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh , Uttar Pradesh , India.,e Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center , Ghent University , Gent , Belgium
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- f Molecular Glyco-biotechnology Group, Discipline of Biochemistry , School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway , Ireland
| | | | - Harikesh Bahadur Singh
- h Mycology & Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , Uttar Pardesh , India
| | - João C M Barreira
- i Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança , Campus de Santa Apolónia , Bragança , Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- i Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança , Campus de Santa Apolónia , Bragança , Portugal
| | - Khabat Vahabi
- j Biologisch-Pharmazeutische Fakultät , Institut für Allgemeine Botanik und Pflanzenphysiologie, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena , Jena , Germany
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Ferraris S, Spriano S. Antibacterial titanium surfaces for medical implants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:965-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Robitaille N, Reed D, Walters J, Kumar P. Periodontal and peri-implant diseases: identical or fraternal infections? Mol Oral Microbiol 2015; 31:285-301. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Robitaille
- Division of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - D.N. Reed
- Division of General Practice and Material Sciences
| | - J.D. Walters
- Division of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - P.S. Kumar
- Division of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
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Antibacterial Activity of As-Annealed TiO2 Nanotubes Doped with Ag Nanoparticles against Periodontal Pathogens. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2014; 2014:829496. [PMID: 25202230 PMCID: PMC4151538 DOI: 10.1155/2014/829496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to develop functional transmucosal implant surfaces that reduce the number of initially adhering bacteria and they need to be modified to improve the anti-bacterial performance. Commercially pure Ti sheets were anodized in an electrolyte containing ethylene glycol, distilled water and ammonium fluoride at room temperature to produce TiO2 nanotubes. These structures were then annealed at 450°C to transform them to anatase. As-annealed TiO2 nanotubes were then treated in an electrolyte containing 80.7 g/L NiSO4·7H2O, 41 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, 45 g/L H3BO3, and 1.44 g/L Ag2SO4 at 20°C by the application of 9 V AC voltage for doping them with silver. As-annealed TiO2 nanotubes and as-annealed Ag doped TiO2 nanotubes were evaluated by SEM, FESEM, and XRD. Antibacterial activity was assessed by determining the adherence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, T. forsythia, and C. rectus to the surface of the nanotubes. Bacterial morphology was examined using an SEM. As-annealed Ag doped TiO2 nanotubes revealed intense peak of Ag. Bacterial death against the as-annealed Ag doped TiO2 nanotubes were detected against A. actinomycetemcomitans, T. forsythia, and C. rectus indicating antibacterial efficacy.
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Preedy E, Perni S, Nipiĉ D, Bohinc K, Prokopovich P. Surface roughness mediated adhesion forces between borosilicate glass and gram-positive bacteria. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:9466-76. [PMID: 25019516 DOI: 10.1021/la501711t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that a number of surface characteristics affect the extent of adhesion between two adjacent materials. One of such parameters is the surface roughness as surface asperities at the nanoscale level govern the overall adhesive forces. For example, the extent of bacterial adhesion is determined by the surface topography; also, once a bacteria colonizes a surface, proliferation of that species will take place and a biofilm may form, increasing the resistance of bacterial cells to removal. In this study, borosilicate glass was employed with varying surface roughness and coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in order to replicate the protein layer that covers orthopedic devices on implantation. As roughness is a scale-dependent process, relevant scan areas were analyzed using atomic force microscope (AFM) to determine Ra; furthermore, appropriate bacterial species were attached to the tip to measure the adhesion forces between cells and substrates. The bacterial species chosen (Staphylococci and Streptococci) are common pathogens associated with a number of implant related infections that are detrimental to the biomedical devices and patients. Correlation between adhesion forces and surface roughness (Ra) was generally better when the surface roughness was measured through scanned areas with size (2 × 2 μm) comparable to bacteria cells. Furthermore, the BSA coating altered the surface roughness without correlation with the initial values of such parameter; therefore, better correlations were found between adhesion forces and BSA-coated surfaces when actual surface roughness was used instead of the initial (nominal) values. It was also found that BSA induced a more hydrophilic and electron donor characteristic to the surfaces; in agreement with increasing adhesion forces of hydrophilic bacteria (as determined through microbial adhesion to solvents test) on BSA-coated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Preedy
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science and ‡Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF10 3XQ, UK
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Liu X, Zhou X, Li S, Lai R, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Zhou L. Effects of titania nanotubes with or without bovine serum albumin loaded on human gingival fibroblasts. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1185-98. [PMID: 24623977 PMCID: PMC3949701 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s55514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifying the surface of the transmucosal area is a key research area because this process positively affects the three functions of implants: attachment to soft tissue, inhibiting bacterial biofilm adhesion, and the preservation of the crestal bone. To exploit the potential of titania nanotube arrays (TNTs) with or without using bovine serum albumin (BSA) to modify the surface of a dental implant in contact with the transmucosal area, BSA was loaded into TNTs that were fabricated by anodizing Ti sheets; the physical characteristics of these arrays, including their morphology, chemical composition, surface roughness, contact angle, and surface free energy (SFE), were assessed. The effect of Ti surfaces with TNTs or TNTs-BSA on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was determined by analyzing cell morphology, early adhesion, proliferation, type I collagen (COL-1) gene expression, and the extracellular secretion of COL-1. The results indicate that early HGF adhesion and spreading behavior is positively correlated with surface characteristics, including hydrophilicity, SFE, and surface roughness. Additionally, TNT surfaces not only promoted early HGF adhesion, but also promoted COL-1 secretion. BSA-loaded TNT surfaces promoted early HGF adhesion, while suppressing late proliferation and COL-1 secretion. Therefore, TNT-modified smooth surfaces are expected to be applicable for uses involving the transmucosal area. Further study is required to determine whether BSA-loaded TNT surfaces actually affect closed loop formation of connective tissue because BSA coating actions in vivo are very rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Zhou
- Chemistry Science and Technology School, Zhanjiang Normal University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Renfa Lai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Xing R, Lyngstadaas SP, Ellingsen JE, Taxt-Lamolle S, Haugen HJ. The influence of surface nanoroughness, texture and chemistry of TiZr implant abutment on oral biofilm accumulation. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:649-56. [PMID: 25906328 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to examine surface nanoroughness, texture and chemistry of dental implant abutment and to investigate how these parameters influence oral biofilm formation in healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight different nanorough TiZr surfaces were produced by polishing, machining, cathodic polarization and acid etching. Surface topography was examined using field emission scanning electron microscope and a blue light laser profilometer. Surface chemistry was analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface hydrophilicity was tested by measuring contact angle on the surfaces. A human in vivo study using a splint model was employed to evaluate oral biofilm accumulation on these surfaces. RESULTS Different surface textures (flat, grooved and irregular) were created with nanoroughness from 29 to 214 nm. Some test surfaces were incorporated with hydrogen by cathodic polarization and/or acid etching with HCl/H(2)SO(4). Nanoroughness (S(a)) positively correlated with microbial adhesion. Biofilm accumulation was less pronounced on flat and grooved than on irregular surfaces. No significant association between hydrogen content or hydrophilicity of the surface and biofilm accumulation was observed. CONCLUSIONS Nanoroughness (< 214 nm) and surface texture influence oral biofilm accumulation independent of surface chemistry and hydrophilicity. Surface hydrogen, which has previously been shown to promote fibroblast growth, does not affect biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xing
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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36
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Implications of Surface and Bulk Properties of Abutment Implants and Their Degradation in the Health of Periodontal Tissue. MATERIALS 2013; 6:5951-5966. [PMID: 28788432 PMCID: PMC5452748 DOI: 10.3390/ma6125951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current review was to investigate the implications of the surface and bulk properties of abutment implants and their degradation in relation to periodontal health. The success of dental implants is no longer a challenge for dentistry. The scientific literature presents several types of implants that are specific for each case. However, in cases of prosthetics components, such as abutments, further research is needed to improve the materials used to avoid bacterial adhesion and enhance contact with epithelial cells. The implanted surfaces of the abutments are composed of chemical elements that may degrade under different temperatures or be damaged by the forces applied onto them. This study showed that the resulting release of such chemical elements could cause inflammation in the periodontal tissue. At the same time, the surface characteristics can be altered, thus favoring biofilm development and further increasing the inflammation. Finally, if not treated, this inflammation can cause the loss of the implant.
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37
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Rivera-Chacon DM, Alvarado-Velez M, Acevedo-Morantes CY, Singh SP, Gultepe E, Nagesha D, Sridhar S, Ramirez-Vick JE. Fibronectin and vitronectin promote human fetal osteoblast cell attachment and proliferation on nanoporous titanium surfaces. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2013; 9:1092-7. [PMID: 23858975 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2013.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in osteoconduction of implant biomaterials require focusing on the bone-implant interface, which is a complex multifactorial system. Surface topography of implants plays a crucial role at this interface. Nanostructured surfaces have been shown to promote serum protein adsorption and osteoblast adhesion when compared to micro-structured surfaces for bone-implant materials. We studied the influence of the serum proteins fibronectin and vitronectin on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts onto nanostructured titania surfaces. Human fetal osteoblastic cells hFOB 1.19 were used as model osteoblasts and were grown on nanoporous TiO2 templates, using Ti6AI4V and commercially pure Ti substrates as controls. Results show a significant increase in cell proliferation'on nanoporous TiO2 over flat substrates. Initial cell attachment data exhibited a significant effect by either fibronectin or vitronectin on cell adhesion at the surface of any of the tested materials. In addition, the extent of cell adhesion was significantly different between the nanoporous TiO2 and both Ti6AI4V and commercially pure Ti substrates, with the first showing the highest surface coverage. There was no significant difference on osteoblast attachment or proliferation between the presence of fibronectin or vitronectin using any of the material substrates. Taken together, these results suggest that the increase in osteoblast attachment and proliferation shown on the nanoporous TiO2 is due to an increase in the adsorption of fibronectin and vitronectin because of the higher surface area and to an enhanced protein unfolding, which allows access to osteoblast binding motifs within these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Rivera-Chacon
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00680
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do Nascimento C, da Rocha Aguiar C, Pita MS, Pedrazzi V, de Albuquerque RF, Ribeiro RF. Oral biofilm formation on the titanium and zirconia substrates. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 76:126-32. [PMID: 23109001 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this randomized crossover investigation was to assess the biofilm formation on two titanium and one zirconia substrates in relation to the topography and surface roughness of the materials. METHODS Twenty-four discs specimens for each evaluated material (Machined pure titanium, Cast pure titanium, or Zirconia) were evaluated after oral cavity exposure in six healthy subjects. The study was conducted in 3 phases according to the material evaluated. Each subject was asked to use a removable splint containing 4 disks of the same tested substrate, 2 located in the anterior, and 2 in the posterior region. Participants were asked to use the intraoral splint during 24 h. The total biofilm covering on the discs was evaluated by 1% of neutral red staining. EMV and surface roughness was carried out to correlate with the biofilm found between different substrates. RESULTS Data showed higher mean roughness values for zirconia (Zc) when compared with titanium specimens (MPT and CPT; P < 0.001). MPT and CPT presented no differences between them (P > 0.05). The mean percentage (%) of covering biofilm on substrates was 84.14 for MPT, 86.22 for CPT and 90.90 for Zc. CONCLUSION There were no significant differences in the total area of formed biofilm among the tested groups. No correlation was found between surface roughness and the total amount of formed biofilm in the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio do Nascimento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chen YL, Chen YS, Chan H, Tseng YH, Yang SR, Tsai HY, Liu HY, Sun DS, Chang HH. The use of nanoscale visible light-responsive photocatalyst TiO2-Pt for the elimination of soil-borne pathogens. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31212. [PMID: 22384003 PMCID: PMC3285157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the soil-borne pathogens Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia cenocepacia can lead to severe infections and even mortality. These pathogens exhibit a high resistance to antibiotic treatments. In addition, no licensed vaccine is currently available. A nanoscale platinum-containing titania photocatalyst (TiO2-Pt) has been shown to have a superior visible light-responsive photocatalytic ability to degrade chemical contaminants like nitrogen oxides. The antibacterial activity of the catalyst and its potential use in soil pathogen control were evaluated. Using the plating method, we found that TiO2-Pt exerts superior antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli compared to other commercially available and laboratory prepared ultraviolet/visible light-responsive titania photocatalysts. TiO2-Pt-mediated photocatalysis also affectively eliminates the soil-borne bacteria B. pseudomallei and B. cenocepacia. An air pouch infection mouse model further revealed that TiO2-Pt-mediated photocatalysis could reduce the pathogenicity of both strains of bacteria. Unexpectedly, water containing up to 10% w/v dissolved soil particles did not reduce the antibacterial potency of TiO2-Pt, suggesting that the TiO2-Pt photocatalyst is suitable for use in soil-contaminated environments. The TiO2-Pt photocatalyst exerted superior antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of human pathogens, including B. pseudomallei and B. cenocepacia. Soil particles (<10% w/v) did not significantly reduce the antibacterial activity of TiO2-Pt in water. These findings suggest that the TiO2-Pt photocatalyst may have potential applications in the development of bactericides for soil-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lei Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Shen Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yung-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao Chan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ru Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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40
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Titanium Oxide Antibacterial Surfaces in Biomedical Devices. Int J Artif Organs 2011; 34:929-46. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Titanium oxide is a heterogeneous catalyst whose efficient photoinduced activity, related to some of its allotropic forms, paved the way for its widespread technological use. Here, we offer a comparative analysis of the use of titanium oxide as coating for materials in biomedical devices. First, we introduce the photoinduced catalytic mechanisms of TiO2 and their action on biological environment and bacteria. Second, we overview the main physical and chemical technologies for structuring suitable TiO2 coatings on biomedical devices. We then present the approaches for in vitro characterization of these surfaces. Finally, we discuss the main aspects of TiO2 photoactivated antimicrobial activity on medical devices and limitations for these types of applications.
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