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Milona M, Olszowski T, Uzar I, Safranow K, Janiszewska-Olszowska J, Szmidt-Kądys M, Rola H, Sikora M, Chlubek D, Adler G. TLR2 and TLR4 Polymorphisms Are Not Associated with Dental Caries in Polish Children. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6985. [PMID: 39000094 PMCID: PMC11241597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of the TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2 gene) 2258G>A (rs5743708), TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4 gene) 896A>G (rs4986790), and TLR4 1196C>T (rs4986791) polymorphisms with dental caries in Polish children. The participants, 261 15-year-old children, were divided into two groups: 82 cases (i.e., children with DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) index >5, having either moderate or high caries experience, assigned as the "higher" caries experience group) and 179 controls (i.e., children with DMFT ≤ 5, having either low or very low caries experience, assigned as the "lower" caries experience group). Genomic DNA was isolated from buccal swabs, and genotyping was determined by means of real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction). There were no significant differences in the genotype or allele distributions in all tested SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) between children with "higher" caries experience and those with "lower" caries experience. TLR4 haplotype frequencies did not differ significantly between cases and controls. In an additional analysis with another case definition applied (subjects with DMFT ≥ 1 were assigned as "cases", whereas children with DMFT = 0 were assigned as "controls"), no significant differences in the TLR2 and TLR4 genotype, allele frequencies, and TLR4 haplotype frequencies were found between the case and the control groups. The results of the present study broaden our knowledge on the potential genetic factors that might affect caries risk and suggest that TLR2 rs5743708 and TLR4 rs4986790 and rs4986791 SNPs are not associated with dental caries susceptibility in Polish children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Milona
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Tomasz Olszowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.M.); (T.O.)
| | - Izabela Uzar
- Department of General Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska
- Department of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Monika Szmidt-Kądys
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Hubert Rola
- MIL-MED Healthcare Center, Ruta 8, 72-300 Gryfice, Poland;
| | - Maciej Sikora
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Wojska Polskiego 51, 25-375 Kielce, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Grażyna Adler
- Department of Studies in Anthropogenetics and Biogerontology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
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Børsting T, Venkatraman V, Fagerhaug TN, Skeie MS, Stafne SN, Feuerherm AJ, Sen A. Systematic assessment of salivary inflammatory markers and dental caries in children: an exploratory study. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:338-345. [PMID: 34875210 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.2011400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between a wide panel of salivary inflammatory markers and the presence of dental caries among children. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this exploratory, cross-sectional study, 176 children, aged 7-9, underwent a dental examination. Information on the children's oral health habits and lifestyles was collected from their mothers. In addition, saliva samples were collected and analyzed using a multiplex immunoassay. Of 92 inflammatory markers measured, 56 were included in the statistical analyses. To identify potential inflammatory markers associated with caries, we applied low to advanced statistical analyses. First, we performed traditional logistic regression analysis followed by Bonferroni corrections. Thereafter, a more robust and less conservative statistical approach, i.e. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), was applied. The models were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Of the 176 children in the study, 22.2% were affected by caries. Among the 56 salivary inflammatory markers, only macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) was selected by the LASSO and found to be positively associated with the presence of caries. CONCLUSIONS The observed association between CSF1 and the presence of caries may be of clinical value in caries risk management and early diagnosis. Larger studies are warranted to assess the replicability of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Børsting
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vishwesh Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone Natland Fagerhaug
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Slåttelid Skeie
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Signe Nilssen Stafne
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical Service, Trondheim University Hospital (St. Olavs hospital), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Abhijit Sen
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research, Mid-Norway (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Erratum to: Salivary Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Salivary Bacterial Challenge Effect on Dental Caries: A Clinico-Molecular Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1062367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Variants in taste genes on caries risk and caries activity status. Med Mol Morphol 2020; 53:244-251. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Staller S, Lindsay AK, Ramos ED, Thomas P, Srinivasan M. Changes in salivary microbial sensing proteins CD14 and TLR2 with aging. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:2523-2528. [PMID: 32529494 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Soluble toll-like receptor-2 (sTLR2) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) in saliva are defense proteins that bind specific microbe-associated molecular patterns. Since the oral flora changes with aging, the objective of this study is to determine and compare the concentration of sTLR2 and sCD14 in the saliva of healthy individuals in age groups from the first to the sixth decade of life. METHODS Unstimulated whole saliva was collected after obtaining informed consent. The concentration of sCD14 and sTLR-2 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical differences between the age groups were determined by analysis of variance. The relationship between the two markers in each age group was evaluated by Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression analyses. RESULTS The concentration of salivary sTLR2 was highest in the youngest, and that of the sCD14 was highest in the oldest age group. While the salivary sCD14 and the sTLR2 exhibited a moderate negative correlation in the youngest, the relationship between the two markers was inversed in the oldest age group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of our exploratory study suggest a need to adjust for age-dependent changes in sCD14 and sTLR2 in healthy saliva while assessing the two proteins as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sable Staller
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alison K Lindsay
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Ramos
- Department of Periodontics and Allied Dental Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Priya Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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6
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Alteration of cytokines in saliva of children with caries and obesity. Odontology 2020; 109:11-17. [PMID: 32285227 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Caries and obesity are multifactorial diseases with inflammatory components, whose processes involve cells and molecules, such as cytokines. Therefore, the objective of this work was to compare the concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and IL-18 in the salivary samples of children with caries and obesity. The study was carried out with 80 children: 43 with a normal weight and 37 with obesity. The diagnosis of caries was carried out using the ICDAS system. Salivary samples were used to measure the cytokine levels via the ELISA technique. Our results show that children with obesity and dental cavities have high levels of IL-6 and IL-15. Similarly, obese children have elevated levels of these two cytokines, while children with cavitated carious lesions presented alterations in their concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8. In conclusion, our data suggest that IL-6 has a significant effect on both obesity and caries, although IL-8 is more related to caries, and IL-15 is more related to obesity.
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7
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Salivary Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ijp.80899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Preshaw PM, Henne K, Taylor JJ, Valentine RA, Conrads G. Age-related changes in immune function (immune senescence) in caries and periodontal diseases: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 44 Suppl 18:S153-S177. [PMID: 28266110 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review the evidence regarding immune senescence in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and dental caries. METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases utilizing medical subject headings (MeSH terms) supplemented by screening of review articles and other relevant texts was undertaken. RESULTS Seventy-three articles were included (43 for periodontitis, 30 for caries). Study results were found to be generally heterogeneous. Regarding periodontitis, human studies suggest evidence for altered neutrophil function and increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 ) in older compared to younger subjects, and animal experiments suggest increased expression of genes that contribute to a pro-inflammatory state in older compared to younger animals. Regarding dental caries, research relating to changes in immune functioning and the impact of ageing is in its infancy. A small number of studies have reported components of innate and adaptive immunity that affect the composition of saliva and dental biofilms with possible impacts on caries progression. CONCLUSION There is evidence that immune functioning related to periodontitis and (less investigated) dental caries alters with increasing age. In both conditions, age-associated mechanistic changes in immune functioning are complex and incompletely understood and it is not clear how these relate to disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Preshaw
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karsten Henne
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - John J Taylor
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ruth A Valentine
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Prester L, Protrka N, Macan J, Katunarić M. Salivary sCD14 as a potential biomarker of dental caries activity in adults. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 68:315-321. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
CD14 is a co-receptor involved in the recognition of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, the latter known to cause dental caries. The aim of this study was to determine whether soluble CD14 (sCD14) in saliva was associated with caries activity and the collection method from the saliva. The study included 55 participants aged 20 to 40 years, 30 with dental caries and 25 caries-free controls. We collected 110 saliva samples in total, 55 of resting saliva and 55 of mechanically stimulated saliva. Median levels of sCD14, measured with a matrix-matched enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were higher in the caries-active than in the caries-free group in either resting (203.3 vs.167.9 ng mL-1; P<0.01) or stimulated saliva (201 vs.105.7 ng mL-1; P<0.01). The resting salivary flow rate was lower in the caries-active than caries-free group (0.61±0.42 vs. 0.98±0.52 mL min-1; P<0.01). Hyposalivation was observed only in the caries-active group (10 and 13 % in stimulated and resting saliva, respectively). Higher salivary sCD14 levels and secretion rates were clearly associated with dental caries and resting saliva. Future studies should focus on the clinical utility of salivary sCD14 as a potential biomarker and predictor of future caries events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljerka Prester
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10001 Zagreb , Croatia
| | | | - Jelena Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10001 Zagreb , Croatia
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10
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Laputková G, Schwartzová V, Bánovčin J, Alexovič M, Sabo J. Salivary Protein Roles in Oral Health and as Predictors of Caries Risk. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:174-200. [PMID: 33817083 PMCID: PMC7874700 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the current state of research on the potential relationship between protein content in human saliva and dental caries, which remains among the most common oral diseases and causes irreversible damage in the oral cavity. An understanding the whole saliva proteome in the oral cavity could serve as a prerequisite to obtaining insight into the etiology of tooth decay at early stages. To date, however, there is no comprehensive evidence showing that salivary proteins could serve as potential indicators for the early diagnosis of the risk factors causing dental caries. Therefore, proteomics indicates the promising direction of future investigations of such factors, including diagnosis and thus prevention in dental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Laputková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Vladimíra Schwartzová
- 1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Bánovčin
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, Košice, 041 90, Slovakia
| | - Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, Košice, 040 11, Slovakia
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11
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Kumar S, Tandon S, Nayak R, Saran R, Pentapati KC. Relationship of salivary CD14 concentration with dental caries in young children. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e958-e961. [PMID: 28936284 PMCID: PMC5601111 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a chronic disease among children and there is need for studies assessing the caries risk factors using saliva. This study aimed to evaluate the association of salivary soluble CD14 and dental caries in young children. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was done among 300, 3-6 year old school children of Udupi district. A total of 40 children who were caries free, with no past systemic illness or craniofacial anomalies and 40 children with dental caries with no history of dental treatment for caries, with no past systemic illness or craniofacial anomalies were included in control and test groups respectively. Salivary CD14 was evaluated using ELISA test. Results The mean salivary soluble CD14 concentration was significantly higher in caries free (1.34±0.35 µg/ml) children than caries experienced (0.54±0.36 µg/ml) (p<0.001). There was significant strong negative correlation between number of decayed teeth and soluble salivary CD14 (r = -0.868, P<
0.001) among all the children. Similarly, sub-group analysis of caries experienced children also showed significant strong negative correlation between number of decayed teeth and soluble salivary CD14 (r = -0.774, P<0.001). Conclusions Results obtained in our study suggested that salivary CD14 can be a indicator of dental caries in young children. Key words:Caries, CD14, Children, Saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal
| | - Shobha Tandon
- Centre of Studies for Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University Technology MARA, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Nayak
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal
| | - Runki Saran
- Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal medical college, Manipal University, Manipal
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12
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Baik JE, Choe HI, Hong SW, Kang SS, Ahn KB, Cho K, Yun CH, Han SH. Human salivary proteins with affinity to lipoteichoic acid of Enterococcus faecalis. Mol Immunol 2016; 77:52-9. [PMID: 27474971 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is associated with refractory apical periodontitis and its lipoteichoic acid (Ef.LTA) is considered as a major virulence factor. Although the binding proteins of Ef.LTA may play an important role for mediating infection and immunity in the oral cavity, little is known about Ef.LTA-binding proteins (Ef.LTA-BPs) in saliva. In this study, we identified salivary Ef.LTA-BPs with biotinylated Ef.LTA (Ef.LTA-biotin) through mass spectrometry. The biotinylation of Ef.LTA was confirmed by binding capacity with streptavidin-FITC on CHO/CD14/TLR2 cells. The biological activity of Ef.LTA-biotin was determined based on the induction of nitric oxide and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α in a macrophage cell-line, RAW 264.7. To identify salivary Ef.LTA-BPs, the Ef.LTA-biotin was mixed with a pool of human saliva obtained from nine healthy subjects followed by precipitation with a streptavidin-coated bead. Ef.LTA-BPs were then separated with 12% SDS-PAGE and subjected to the mass spectrometry. Six human salivary Ef.LTA-BPs including short palate lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma-associated protein 2, zymogen granule protein 16 homolog B, hemoglobin subunit α and β, apolipoprotein A-I, and lipocalin-1 were identified with statistical significance (P<0.05). Ef.LTA-BPs were validated with lipocalin-1 using pull-down assay. Hemoglobin inhibited the biofilm formation of E. faecalis whereas lipocalin-1 did not show such effect. Collectively, the identified Ef.LTA-BPs could provide clues for our understanding of the pathogenesis of E. faecalis and host immunity in oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Baik
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Il Choe
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woong Hong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Cho
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Analysis of genetic factors influencing susceptibility to dental caries by using a chromosome 2 substitution mouse strain. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Aggarwal BB. Detection of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva and urine: Potential in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment for chronic diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:783-99. [PMID: 27013544 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216638770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a part of the complex biological response of inflammatory cells to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, irritants, or damaged cells. This inflammation has been linked to several chronic diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Major biomarkers of inflammation include tumor necrosis factor, interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, chemokines, cyclooxygenase, 5-lipooxygenase, and C-reactive protein, all of which are regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB. Although examining inflammatory biomarkers in blood is a standard practice, its identification in saliva and/or urine is more convenient and non-invasive. In this review, we aim to (1) discuss the detection of these inflammatory biomarkers in urine and saliva; (2) advantages of using salivary and urinary inflammatory biomarkers over blood, while also weighing on the challenges and/or limitations of their use; (3) examine their role(s) in connection with diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and drug development for several chronic diseases with inflammatory consequences, including cancer; and (4) explore the use of innovative salivary and urine based biosensor strategies that may permit the testing of biomarkers quickly, reliably, and cost-effectively, in a decentralized setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Amit K Tyagi
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Donovan TE, Marzola R, Becker W, Cagna DR, Eichmiller F, McKee JR, Metz JE, Albouy JP. Annual review of selected scientific literature: Report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2015; 114:756-809. [PMID: 26611624 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence E Donovan
- Chair, Committee on Scientific Investigation, American Academy of Restorative Dentistry (AARD); and Professor and Chair for Biomaterials, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry at Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Riccardo Marzola
- Adjunct Professor, Fixed Implant Prosthodontics, University of Bologna; and Private practice, Ferrara, Italy
| | - William Becker
- Clinical Professor, Advanced Education in Prosthodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - David R Cagna
- Associate Dean, Professor and Director, Advanced Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tenn
| | - Frederick Eichmiller
- Vice President and Dental Director, Delta Dental of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wisc
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Procoagulatory state in inflammatory bowel diseases is promoted by impaired intestinal barrier function. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:189341. [PMID: 25767508 PMCID: PMC4342066 DOI: 10.1155/2015/189341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and immune mediated disorders are risk factors for arterial and venous thromboembolism. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) confer an even greater risk of thromboembolic events than other inflammatory conditions. It has been shown that IBD patients display defective intestinal barrier functions. Thus, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) coming from the intestinal bacterial burden might reach systemic circulation and activate innate immunity receptors on endothelial cells and platelets, promoting a procoagulative state. Aim of the study was to test this hypothesis, correlating the presence of circulating PAMPs with the activation of innate immune system and the activation of the coagulatory cascade in IBD patients. Specifically, we studied lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, and markers of activated coagulation (i.e., D-Dimer and prothrombin fragment F1+2) in the serum and plasma of IBD patients. We found that LPS levels are increased in IBD and correlate with TLR4 concentrations; although a mild correlation between LPS and CRP levels was detected, clinical disease activity does not appear to influence circulating LPS. Instead, serum LPS correlates with both D-Dimer and F1+2 measurements. Taken together, our data support the role of an impairment of intestinal barrier in triggering the activation of the coagulatory cascade in IBD.
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