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Morais FDMGD, Cortellazzi KL, Mialhe FL, Oliveira MCD, Moraes KL, Bulgareli JV. Health literacy and self-efficacy associations with non-adherence to dental treatment among young adults. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e082. [PMID: 37672416 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate associations of health literacy (HL), general self-efficacy (GSE), and sociodemographic variables with non-adherence to dental treatment among Brazilian young adults. This is a cross-sectional study based on a cohort study of 248 young adults aged 19 to 25 years followed up in an earlier study. The participants completed the perceived general self-efficacy scale (GSE), a questionnaire on socioeconomic and demographic variables and were examined for oral conditions. HL was measured using the Brazilian version of the health literacy questionnaire (HLQ-Br), which provides nine individual scores based on an average of the items within each of the nine scales. Dental treatment adherence was evaluated as the decision of young adults to seek a dentist to finish the recommended restorative treatment for dental caries. The effects of HL domains on the adherence to dental treatment were analyzed by logistic regression and the effect was adjusted for sex, age, family income, paternal and maternal education, type of housing, and self-efficacy. The results of the adjusted analysis showed associations among young adults who did not adhere to dental treatment with lower self-efficacy levels, living in non-owner-occupied homes, and lower HL levels in almost all of the HL domains (p < 0.05). Only the HLQ6 domain "Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers" was not associated with the outcome (p>0.05). Adherence to dental treatment in primary care among young adults was associated with their general self-efficacy levels, socioeconomic characteristics, and individual's lower HL aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Laura Cortellazzi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luiz Mialhe
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelli Caroliny de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Katarinne Lima Moraes
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Faculty of Ceilandia, Ceilandia, Federal District, Brazil
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Dalla Nora Â, Knorst JK, Comim LD, Racki DNDO, Alves LS, Zenkner JEDA. Factors associated with a cariogenic diet among adolescents: a structural equation modeling approach. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:213-220. [PMID: 36114389 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors directly and indirectly associated with a cariogenic diet among southern Brazilian adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 15-19-year-old students attending high schools in Santa Maria, southern Brazil. The participants completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic and behavioral variables. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 was applied to collect data on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Clinical examination was used to assess the dental caries status (decayed, missing, and filled teeth index). A cariogenic diet was considered a latent variable measured by the self-perception of a healthy diet and the frequency of consumption of sugary foods and drinks. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the direct and indirect pathways to a cariogenic diet. RESULTS A total of 1197 adolescents were included. Low toothbrushing frequency (standardized coefficient (SC), 0.10; p < 0.05), cigarette smoking (SC, 0.15; p < 0.01), and alcoholic beverages (SC, 0.14; p < 0.01) were directly linked to a cariogenic diet, which, in turn, was directly linked to untreated dental caries (SC, 0.18; p < 0.01) and poor OHRQoL (SC, 0.16; p < 0.01). In addition, household income (via toothbrushing frequency) and age (via alcoholic beverages) were indirectly linked to a cariogenic diet. CONCLUSION A cariogenic diet was consistently associated with a range of unhealthy behaviors during adolescence as well as poor household income. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Health promotion strategies to restrict sugar consumption and encourage healthier lifestyles should be aware of the synergism observed among unhealthy behaviors during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Dalla Nora
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Donato Comim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Severo Alves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Fagundes MLB, do Amaral Júnior OL, Menegazzo GR, do Nascimento Tôrres LH. Factors associated with self-perceived oral health in different age groups. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2022; 50:476-483. [PMID: 34176140 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the factors associated with self-perceived oral health (SPOH) in different age groups. METHODS This cross-sectional study used probabilistic samples of adolescents, adults and older adults from São Paulo State, Brazil. SPOH was assessed using a global self-rating item. Hierarchical Poisson regression models were used to determine the estimated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for poor SPOH and demographic and socio-economic variables, social capital, dental attendance and clinical measures. The analyses for each age group were performed separately. RESULTS Data from 5314 adolescents, 5815 adults and 5556 older adults were analysed. Female adolescents and adults, non-White adults and older adults with a higher educational level had worse SPOH. Adolescents, adults and older adults with lower social capital showed higher rates of poor SPOH (PR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.27-1.97, PR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.10-1.31 and PR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06-1.49, respectively). Those whose reason for last dental attendance was treatment had worse SPOH, regardless of age group. Adolescents, adults and older adults with greater number of decayed teeth had worse SPOH (PR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.37-1.77, PR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.22-1.38, and PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.17-1.42, respectively). Adolescents and adults with more missing teeth presented higher rates of poor SPOH (PR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04-1.44 and PR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.16, respectively). Older adults needing a dental prosthesis had worse SPOH (PR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.88-2.41). CONCLUSION There are differences in the factors associated with SPOH between age groups, and these differences reflect social inequalities in health.
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Hajek A, König HH. The Association between Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Loneliness, Perceived and Objective Social Isolation-Results of a Nationally Representative Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12886. [PMID: 34948495 PMCID: PMC8701403 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to examine the association between oral health-related quality of life and loneliness and perceived as well as objective social isolation. Data were used from a nationally representative survey with n = 3075 (late Summer 2021). The established Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-G5) was used to quantify oral health-related quality of life. Moreover, established tools were used to quantify the outcome measures (De Jong Gierveld loneliness scale, Bude/Lantermann scale and Lubben Social Network Scale). It was adjusted for several covariates in regression analysis. Linear regressions showed that low oral health-related quality of life is associated with higher loneliness (B = 0.03, p < 0.001), higher perceived social isolation (B = 0.06, p < 0.001) and higher objective social isolation (B = 0.07, p < 0.05). Further regressions were performed (e.g., stratified by denture usage). Our study stressed the importance of low oral health-related quality of life for loneliness and social isolation (both perceived and objective). This knowledge is important to address individuals at risk. Future studies should clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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Lopes RT, Neves ÉTB, Gomes MC, Paiva SM, Ferreira FM, Granville-Garcia AF. Family structure, sociodemographic factors and type of dental service associated with oral health literacy in the early adolescence. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:5241-5250. [PMID: 34787215 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320212611.3.34782019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between oral health literacy and family, sociodemographic and dental service characteristics in early adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 740 schoolchildren. The following variables were investigated using validated questionnaires: oral health literary (BREALD-30), sociodemographic characteristics, type of dental service and family functioning (FACES III). Associations were tested using robust Poisson regression analysis (α=5%). Higher oral health literacy was associated with the female sex (RR=1.09; 95%CI: 1.03-1.14), connected type of family cohesion (RR=1.12; 95%CI: 1.05-1.20), rigid (RR=1.14; 95%CI: 1.04-1.25) and structured (RR=1.11; 95%CI: 1.04-1.20) types of family adaptability, more than eight years of mother's schooling (RR=1.16; 95%CI: 1.10-1.22), age of caregiver more than 38 years (RR=1.07; 95%CI: 1.02-1.13) and the use of private dental services (RR=1.06; 95%CI: 1.01-1.12). The level of oral health literacy in early adolescents was associated with sex, family structure, mother's schooling, caregiver's age and type of dental service used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roanny Torres Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. R. Baraúnas 351, Universitário. 58429-500 Campina Grande PB Brasil.
| | - Érick Tássio Barbosa Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. R. Baraúnas 351, Universitário. 58429-500 Campina Grande PB Brasil.
| | - Monalisa Cesarino Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. R. Baraúnas 351, Universitário. 58429-500 Campina Grande PB Brasil.
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Fernanda Morais Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. R. Baraúnas 351, Universitário. 58429-500 Campina Grande PB Brasil.
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Abramovitz I, Zini A, Kessler Baruch O, Kedem R, Protter NE, Shay B, Yavnai N, Zur D, Mijiritsky E, Almoznino G. SOS teeth with advanced caries and sociodemographic indicators, health-related habits and dental attendance patterns: data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) nationwide records-based study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:389. [PMID: 34372843 PMCID: PMC8351153 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background "SOS teeth" are teeth that need to be treated first, and represent dental teeth with deep caries seen clinically and radiographically which may require root canal treatment or extraction. The aims of the present research were to study the associations of SOS teeth with: socio-demographic parameters, dental attendance patterns, health-related habits among young to middle-aged adults. Methods This cross-sectional records-based research analyzed data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) repository that captures comprehensive socio-demographic, medical, and dental databases of a nationwide sample of 132,529 records of dental attendees to military dental clinics for 1 year aged 18 to 50 years.
Results SOS teeth had a significant positive association in the multivariate analysis with male sex [OR 1.137, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.079–1.199], rural versus urban Jewish locality [OR 1.748 (1.082–2.825)], and consumption of sweetened beverages [OR 1.415 (1.337–1.496)]. SOS teeth retained significant negative associations (protective parameter) with academic [OR 0.647 (0.592–0.708)] and technicians (OR 0.616 (0.556–0.682)] compared to high school education, high [OR 0.437 (0.401–0.476)], and medium (OR 0.648 (0.598–0.702)] versus low socio-economic status, urban non-Jewish versus urban Jewish locality [OR 0.746 (0.693–0.802)], Asia (OR 0.658 (0.452–0.959)], North America (OR 0.539 (0.442–0.658)] and Israel [OR 0.735 (0.686–0.788)] versus western Europe birth countries.
Conclusions Health authorities should be familiar with this profile of the patient who is vulnerable to SOS teeth and formulate policies and allow the appropriate implementation of strategies in those in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Abramovitz
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Endodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avraham Zini
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Community Dentistry, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ortal Kessler Baruch
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Endodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Kedem
- Medical Information Department, General Surgeon Headquarter, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Noam E Protter
- Chief Dental Surgeon & Head of Forensic Unit, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Boaz Shay
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Endodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nirit Yavnai
- Medical Research & Academy Section, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dorit Zur
- Medical Information Department, General Surgeon Headquarter, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eitan Mijiritsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Almoznino
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Department of Endodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Head, Big Biomedical Data Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Dean's Office, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Fleitas Alfonzo L, Bentley R, Singh A. Home ownership, income and oral health of children in Australia-A population-based study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2021; 50:156-163. [PMID: 33870544 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Income inequalities in children's oral health have been well described. It is plausible that the security of tenure reflected by the ownership status of children's housing dynamically interacts with household income to shape these inequalities. We examined whether housing tenure modifies the known association between household income and oral health. METHODS Data were analysed on 3344 10- to 11-year-old children from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Multivariable regression models tested associations between household income and dental caries and tooth loss due to caries. Effect modification by home ownership (yes/no) was tested on the additive and multiplicative scales. Models were adjusted for sex, Indigenous status, main language spoken at home, area of residence, main carer education and family arrangement. RESULTS Children in households in the low income group had worse oral health than children in the high group for caries and tooth loss. Models only weakly supported an additive interaction for tooth loss; that is, the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) for low household income was -0.903 (-2.38; 0.571) for tooth loss and -0.076 (-0.42; 0.271) for dental decay, although we note that the low proportion of children from low-income homeowning households (6%) reduces the power to detect interactions. Notably, our models suggest renters in both high- and low-income categories had the highest risk of tooth loss compared to owners (PR for high-income renters: 2.19 (95% CI: 1.25, 3.85); PR for low-income renters: 2.11 (95% CI: 1.42, 3.16)). CONCLUSION Our study confirms that children in low-income households have poorer oral health outcomes than their high-income counterparts. Our findings additionally suggest that children in rental households may fare the worst of all housing and income combinations considered. Improving the security of housing for families privately renting may have wider health benefits that currently acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Fleitas Alfonzo
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Rebecca Bentley
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ankur Singh
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Pilotto LM, Celeste RK. Contextual determinants for use of dental services according to different healthcare financing systems: Andersen's model. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2021; 50:99-105. [PMID: 33719085 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore contextual factors associated with overall dental service use, and investigate whether these factors influenced choice of the type of service according to the healthcare financing alternatives (public services; out-of-pocket services; and private health insurance), by adults and older individuals, based on the most recent Andersen's behavioural model. METHODS Cross-sectional study with individual data on 17,305 adults from 177 Brazilian municipalities in the National Oral Health Survey (SBBrasil 2010). Municipal-level information was obtained from health information systems and census data. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression was carried out for multivariable analysis. RESULTS In the previous year, 38.2% of the individuals visited the dentist; of which 21.4% used out-of-pocket spending, 11.6% used public services and 5.2% private dental insurance. Municipalities with population coverage of public primary dental care >80% had higher chances of using public services (OR = 1.28, 95%CI:1.00-1.64) than those with ≤60%, but lower chances of using private insurance (OR = 0.56, 95%CI:0.38-0.83). Municipalities with population coverage of private dental insurance > 5% had lower chances of using public services (OR = 0.62, 95%CI:0.47-0.81) than those with <1% coverage, and greater chances of using private insurance (OR = 4.33, CI:95% 2.02-9.29). These factors were not associated with out-of-pocket dental services. CONCLUSIONS Municipal coverage of dental services is associated with dental care use, and this is different according to the type of financing system (public or private), as they may change the individual's choice of service. A large public healthcare system may increase public service use for those with reduced access and decrease private service use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Maria Pilotto
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roger Keller Celeste
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Barreto KA, Colares V. The social status associated with dental experience among Brazilian children. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:3913-3919. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320202510.32312018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Dentists should be alert not only to clinical variables, but also to socioeconomic, psychological and cultural factors, which have all been associated with the experience of dental caries. The aim of this study of was to assess social status and dental experience among Brazilian children. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1367 male and female children aged six and seven years enrolled at public and private schools in the city of Recife (Brazil) in 2013. The children at tending public schools were socioeconomically less privileged than those attending private schools. Data were collected through interviews and intraoral examinations. Caries experience was high (53.3%) in the overall sample, but less privileged children had larger percentages of decayed teeth and teeth that required extraction (p < 0.001). Children from less privileged social class had a greater chance of having a low (OR = 1.77 [95%CI 1.33 - 2.35]), moderate (OR = 4.41 [95%CI: 3.18 - 6,14]) and high (OR = 9.55 [95%CI 6.01 - 15.16]) caries experience. They also had a greater chance of never visiting a dentist (OR= 2.90 [95% CI 2.25 - 3.74]) and had dental anxiety (OR = 1.70 [95%CI 1.34-2, 16]). Socioeconomic status influences the dental caries experience, the visits to the dentist and the dental anxiety of the children analyzed.
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Meira GF, Knorst JK, Maroneze MC, Ortiz FR, Ardenghi TM. Effect of dental caries and socioeconomic status on social capital throughout adolescence: a 6-year follow-up. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e104. [PMID: 32901728 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of clinical and socioeconomic factors on social capital throughout adolescence. A cohort study was performed in 2012 (T1) with a random sample of 1,134 12-year-old adolescents from Santa Maria, Brazil. Questions on socioeconomic factors (maternal education, household income, household crowding) were answered by the parents. Clinicians evaluated their dental caries (decayed, missing, and filled status of permanent teeth) and gingival bleeding (using the Community Periodontal Index). Contextual variables including the mean income of the neighborhood in which the school was located were used (T1). The adolescents were revaluated in 2018 (T2) and answered questions regarding social capital (social trust, social control, empowerment, neighborhood security, and political effectiveness). A path analysis was used to test the relationship between the predictor variables (T1) and social capital (T2). A total of 768 adolescents were reevaluated at a 6-year follow-up (cohort retention rate of 67.7%). Most of the adolescents were girls, with a low household income, about 40% had caries experience (T1), and about 64% had high social capital (T2). The highest neighborhood's mean income was related to a lower household income in T1 (p < 0.01), and this was directly related to a low social capital in T2 (p = 0.04). Furthermore, caries experience at T1 was directly associated with low social capital at T2 (p = 0.03). Socioeconomic factors were also related to caries experience. Individuals who lived in neighborhoods with greater inequality such as families with a low household income and those with untreated dental caries in early adolescence, had a low social capital after follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Figueiredo Meira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology Santa Maria,RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology Santa Maria,RS, Brazil
| | - Marília Cunha Maroneze
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology Santa Maria,RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ruffo Ortiz
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, School of Dentistry, Department of Stomatology Santa Maria,RS, Brazil
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Nery NG, Antunes JLF, Jordão LMR, Freire MDCM. Can the school environment influence oral health-related behaviours? A multilevel analysis of the Brazilian National Adolescent School-Based Health Survey 2015. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 49:23-32. [PMID: 32815223 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the potential support of schools for oral health promotion and a set of oral health-related behaviours among adolescent students in Brazilian state capitals. METHODS A cross-sectional study using individual and school environment data from the 2015 Brazilian National Adolescent School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE) was conducted. The sample consisted of 51 192 students from 1339 public and private schools in the 27 Brazilian State Capitals, aged 11-19 years old. The outcomes were six oral health-related behaviours: dental visits; toothbrushing frequency; soft drink and sweets consumption; smoking and alcohol consumption. The explanatory variable was the Oral Health Promotion School Environment index (OHPSE). Covariates were the adolescents' sociodemographic characteristics and organizational aspects of the schools. A two-level multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression analysis with fixed slopes and random intercepts was performed, considering the complex sample design. RESULTS The prevalence of risk behaviours was 28.0% for 'low frequency of annual dental visits', 6.9% for 'low daily toothbrushing frequency', 28.8% for 'high weekly soft drink consumption', 41.7% for 'high weekly sweet consumption', 18.9% for 'cigarette experimentation' and 52.6% for 'alcoholic beverage experimentation'. The schools were classified as low (36.3%), intermediate (30.4%) and high (33.3%) OHPSE. In the adjusted model, schools with 'high OHPSE' had lower prevalence of 'low frequency of annual dental visits' (PR = 0.94 [95% CI 0.90; 0.99]), 'high weekly frequency of soft drink consumption' (PR = 0.94 [95% CI 0.89; 0.99]) and 'sweet consumption' (PR = 0.96 [95% CI 0.93; 1.00]) than those with 'low OHPSE'. In addition, schools with 'intermediate OHPSE' had higher prevalence's of 'low daily toothbrushing frequency' (PR = 1.12 [95% CI 1.03; 1.23]) and 'cigarette experimentation' (PR = 1.08 [95% CI 1.01; 1.16]) than those with 'low OHPSE'. 'Alcoholic beverage experimentation' was not associated with OHPSE. CONCLUSIONS The potential support of schools for oral health promotion was associated with most of the oral health-related behaviours among adolescent students. Those attending schools with higher OHPSE scores reported a higher annual frequency of dental visits and a lower weekly frequency of soft drink and sweet consumption, while those in schools with intermediate OHPSE had a lower daily toothbrushing frequency and a higher rate of cigarette experimentation.
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A WHO Pathfinder Survey of Dental Caries in 6 and 12-Year Old Transylvanian Children and the Possible Correlation with Their Family Background, Oral-Health Behavior, and the Intake of Sweets. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114180. [PMID: 32545394 PMCID: PMC7312971 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To our knowledge, recent oral health data in Romania is poor, as no comprehensive oral health surveys have been carried out in the last five years. The present cross-sectional oral health survey aimed to assess the dental health status in 6 and 12-year old children from Transylvania, in correlation with their family background, oral-health behavior, and the intake of sweets. The study was conducted on 290 children from nine schools in the Transylvanian region of Romania. The study consisted of the clinical examination of children, recording of data in an International Cavity Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) chart, and a questionnaire referring to the child's parental education, frequency, and motivation of visits to the dentist, dental care habits, and the intake of sweets. Our results indicated that the most prevalent ICDAS scores recorded in 6-year-old children were "0A" (p = 0.001464), "03" (p = 0.00366), "05" (p = 0.005563), "06" for rural areas. Restorations were statistically more prevalent in the urban population (p = 0.000076). The ICDAS score for 12-year old children was "03" (p = 0.003614) and prevalent in the urban area. The ICDAS score for the rural area was "04" (p = 0.0056). Comparing dental health status with family background demonstrated a strong correlation for the group of 6-year-old children, and a lack of correlation for the 12-year-old children. The number of dental visits corelated with the parents' backgrounds, and was higher in the urban population. Frequent hygiene habits (toothbrushing) were statistically correlated with lower ICDAS scores: "04" (p = 0.016482), "05" (p = 0.039127), "06" (p = 0.010785). Eating habits in both age groups were associated with statistically significant differences of "03", "04", "05", "06", "0A" in the ICDAS score. The obtained results provided clarification on the dental health situation in Romania and the potential risk factors of caries among the population, and therefore it could be used as a starter point for future studies to investigate, in depth, the effects of various variables on cavities found in Transylvanian schoolchildren.
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Neves ÉTB, Dutra LDC, Gomes MC, Paiva SM, Abreu MHNG, Ferreira FM, Granville‐Garcia AF. The impact of oral health literacy and family cohesion on dental caries in early adolescence. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 48:232-239. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laio da Costa Dutra
- Graduate program in Dentistry State University of Paraiba (UEPB) Campina Grande Brazil
| | | | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Graduate program in Dentistry Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Brazil
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DUTRA LDC, NEVES ÉTB, LIMA LCMD, GOMES MC, FORTE FDS, PAIVA SM, ABREU MHNGD, FERREIRA FM, GRANVILLE-GARCIA AF. Degree of family cohesion and social class are associated with the number of cavitated dental caries in adolescents. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e037. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ortiz AS, Tomazoni F, Knorst JK, Ardenghi TM. Influence of socioeconomic inequalities on levels of dental caries in adolescents: A cohort study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:42-49. [PMID: 31454454 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic factors at both contextual and individual levels influence health. AIM Evaluate the influence of socioeconomic inequalities on the incidence of dental caries in adolescents. DESIGN This cohort study was conducted with a multistage random sample of 1134 12-year-old adolescents from Southern Brazil. The experience of dental caries was assessed according to the decayed, missed, or filled surfaces (DMF-S) index. The Basic Education Development Index (IDEB) was collected during baseline as a school-level variable. Individual variables included demographic, socioeconomic, behavior-related, and oral health measures. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis through a hierarchical approach was used to explore the influence of exploratory variables on the mean of decayed surfaces. RESULTS 770 14-year-old adolescents were reevaluated (follow-up rate of 68%) after 2 years. Examiner's Kappa values for the assessment of dental caries ranged from 0.81 to 0.90. Adolescents with low household income and lower school's IDEB had higher mean of decayed surfaces. Non-white adolescents, lower frequency of dental attendance, parents' poor perception of child's oral health, and dental plaque were also associated with the incidence of dental caries. CONCLUSION Adolescents from a lower socioeconomic background and poor school context had higher levels of dental caries over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Santos Ortiz
- Post Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tomazoni
- Post Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Post Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Post Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Alwadi MAM, Vettore MV. Contextual income inequality and adolescents' oral-health-related quality of life: A multi-level analysis. Int Dent J 2019; 69:463-471. [PMID: 31278752 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test the association of current contextual income inequality, contextual income inequality experienced during childhood, and individual factors with oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents. METHODS Individual data of 3,854 adolescents aged 15-19 years from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SB Brasil Project) nested within 27 cities and contextual income inequality were analysed. OHRQoL was assessed using the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) questionnaire. The individual variables were demographic characteristics, socio-economic factors, and oral clinical measures. The Gini Index was used to evaluate city-level income inequality in 2003 (during childhood) and in 2010 (current) according to the tertiles of distribution. Multi-level Poisson regression was used to test the association of contextual income inequality and individual characteristics with OIDP extent according to the WHO framework on social determinants of health. RESULTS The prevalence of OIDP was 34.5%. In the adjusted analysis, adolescents living in the cities with high-level income inequality during childhood were 1.75 times more likely (95% confidence interval 1.23-2.48) to have a higher mean of OIDP extent. Current income inequality was not associated with OIDP extent in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Contextual income inequality during childhood was a structural determinant of OHRQoL among Brazilian adolescents after adjustment for individual demographic characteristics, socio-economic factors and oral clinical measures. Reducing social inequalities through inter-sectoral actions should be on the political agenda to improve adolescents' oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Ali M Alwadi
- Academic Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Vianna Vettore
- Academic Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Freddo SL, da Cunha IP, Bulgareli JV, Cavalcanti YW, Pereira AC. Relations of drug use and socioeconomic factors with adherence to dental treatment among adolescents. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:221. [PMID: 30567580 PMCID: PMC6299925 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents are vulnerable to behaviors that weaken health, by adopting habits that interfere with adherence to treatment. The aims of the present study were to investigate adolescents’ adherence to dental treatment and the relations between this behavior and socioeconomic factors and consumption of licit and illicit chemical substances. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted with 474 adolescents from Piracicaba/SP/Brazil, who initially underwent a dental examination to verify the adherence for dental treatment. After 18 months, 325 adolescents were reassessed. Valid questions about socioeconomic conditions and use of alcohol and drugs were applied to participants. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used. The prevalence ratios were estimated with the respective 95% confidence intervals, using generalized linear models with Poisson distribution. Results Eighteen (18) months after the first consultation, 325 adolescents were reassessed: 161 (49%) did not adhere to the treatment, and 164 (51%) adhered to it and answered the socioeconomic and alcohol and illicit drug questionnaires. Their mean age was 15 ± 1 years; of them, 189 (58%) were female. The prevalence of adherence to treatment decreased in patients without their own home (p = 0.034). In the individual analysis of the variables, drinking alcohol alone, experimenting with drugs, and proximity of friends who consumed illicit substances were associated with the outcome (p < 0.05). However, in the joint analysis, only proximity of friends who consumed drugs was the factor related to low adherence to dental treatment among the adolescents (p = 0.035). Conclusion Adolescents who consumed alcohol and socialized with friends who used illicit drugs had greater difficulty in adhering to dental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Letícia Freddo
- Department of Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Inara Pereira da Cunha
- Department of Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Vilela Bulgareli
- Department of Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Carlos Pereira
- Department of Community Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
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Goyal N, Singh S, Mathur A, Makkar DK, Aggarwal VP, Sharma A, Kaur P. Traumatic Dental Injuries Prevalence and their Impact on Self-esteem among Adolescents in India: A Comparative Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC106-ZC110. [PMID: 28969286 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/27496.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents are mostly injured during sport activities, traffic accidents and some forms of violence which may lead to traumatic injuries. Traumatic injuries not only pose a health risk worldwide but are also regarded among serious social problems. Poor oral health has been related to poor social relationships that affect the ability to learn and grow which may lead to reduced self-esteem. AIM This study was conducted to compare self-esteem of adolescents with and without anterior Traumatic Dental Injury (TDI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A population based comparative study was conducted among 10 to 17 years old adolescents from November 2014 to January 2016. The study sample comprised of 424 controls and 212 cases with 2:1 control-to-case ratio that were selected by four examiners along with a gold standard examiner. TDI was recorded using Ellis classification and self-esteem was recorded using Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). For comparing self-esteem of cases and controls according to RSES questions, t-test is used. Odds ratio (OR) was utilized to assess and compare the self-esteem according to high and low esteem in cases and controls. RESULTS Ellis Class I, Ellis Class II and Ellis Class III fractures were observed in 53.3%, 33.49% and 13.20% of cases, respectively. The maxillary arch was the most affected (72.48%) and on the hierarchy of causes, this study found that on most occasions dental injuries were caused by sports (40.09%). The total mean score of RSES in cases (23.16) and in controls (24.43) was also statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Improving oral health in schools may contribute considerably to increase the self-esteem of adolescents in a positive direction and help them in becoming socially competent adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Goyal
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Simarpreet Singh
- Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anmol Mathur
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Diljot Kaur Makkar
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vikram Pal Aggarwal
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anshika Sharma
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Puneet Kaur
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
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Chala S, Rouiffi S, Soualhi M, Bourkadi JE, Abouqal R, Abdallaoui F. Association between untreated carious lesions and asthma in adults at Rabat University Hospital, Morocco: a cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:221. [PMID: 28651623 PMCID: PMC5485604 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depending on risk factors, cumulative risk of developing more dental caries by age has been reported. However, the association between dental caries and asthma is less studied among adults. The aims of this study were to evaluate the severity of untreated carious lesions in a population of asthmatic adults and to evaluate the mediation of socio-economic and oral health behaviour variables. Methods The study involved participants with diagnosed asthma (N = 100) and control (N = 100) subjects attending a tertiary hospital. Groups were matched by age and gender. Asthma was the exposure of interest. The outcome measure was the rate of carious lesions. Recorded variables included demographics, socio-economic status, tooth brushing habits and oral health status using WHO criteria. Poisson regression analysis examined the association between asthma and untreated dental caries. Results The adjusted model, after the inclusion of individuals’ behaviours regarding oral health, social determinants and asthma, revealed a significant association between the number of untreated carious lesions and asthma (PR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.23–1.58; p < 0.001). Conclusion Patients with asthma showed a greater number of untreated carious lesions. Looking forward, better understanding of the association between asthma and oral health may require exploiting the interactions of behavioural, social determinant and biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Chala
- Research Team on Oral Ecosystem, Department of Endodontic and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco. .,Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, Morocco. .,Faculté de Medecine Dentaire de Rabat, BP: 6212. Rabat Instituts, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Saloua Rouiffi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Soualhi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jamal Eddine Bourkadi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Rabat, Morocco Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Redouane Abouqal
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical and Epidemiological Research (LBRCE). Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Faïza Abdallaoui
- Research Team on Oral Ecosystem, Department of Endodontic and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Alwadi MAM, Vettore MV. Are school and home environmental characteristics associated with oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian adolescents and young adults? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2017; 45:356-364. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maram Ali M. Alwadi
- Unit of Dental Public Health; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
- Department of Dental Health; College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Vianna Vettore
- Unit of Dental Public Health; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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Piovesan C, Ardenghi TM, Mendes FM, Agostini BA, Michel-Crosato E. Individual and contextual factors influencing dental health care utilization by preschool children: a multilevel analysis. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e27. [PMID: 28380090 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of contextual factors on dental care utilization was evaluated after adjustment for individual characteristics of Brazilian preschool children. This cross-sectional study assessed 639 preschool children aged 1 to 5 years from Santa Maria, a town in Rio Grande do Sul State, located in southern Brazil. Participants were randomly selected from children attending the National Children's Vaccination Day and 15 health centers were selected for this research. Visual examinations followed the ICDAS criteria. Parents answered a questionnaire about demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Contextual influences on children's dental care utilization were obtained from two community-related variables: presence of dentists and presence of workers' associations in the neighborhood. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel logistic regression models were used to describe the association between outcome and predictor variables. A prevalence of 21.6% was found for regular use of dental services. The unadjusted assessment of the associations of dental health care utilization with individual and contextual factors included children's ages, family income, parents' schooling, mothers' participation in their children's school activities, dental caries, and presence of workers' associations in the neighborhood as the main outcome covariates. Individual variables remained associated with the outcome after adding contextual variables in the model. In conclusion, individual and contextual variables were associated with dental health care utilization by preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Department of Stomatology, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fausto Medeiros Mendes
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Departament of Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Antonio Agostini
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, School of Medicine, Departament of Epidemiology, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Edgard Michel-Crosato
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Departament of Social Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Aljanakh M. Prevalence and severity of dental caries among public school students aged 16-l8 in Hai'l, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2017; 11:50-53. [PMID: 28936152 PMCID: PMC5604270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries among school students aged 16-18 in Ha'il urban city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS This cross-sectional study randomly selected 480 students from eight secondary schools in Ha'il urban city from September to October 2015. Three calibrated examiners used the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT), based on the World Health Organization criteria, to examine the students. Data analyses were subsequently performed. RESULTS The overall prevalence of dental caries in secondary school students in Ha'il city was 78.9% (n = 379). The mean DMFT value was 3.49 ± 2.78, the decayed component was 2.68 ± 2.21, the missing component was 0.10 ± 0.34, and the filled component was 0.71 ± 1.09. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide evidence of a high prevalence of caries in students aged 16-18 years in Ha'il city, KSA. Thus, the oral health of adolescents should receive more consideration in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aljanakh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Mohammad Aljanakh, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia. Phone: (+966) 555150750. E-mail:
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