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Jiko PA, Mohammad M, Richi FT, Islam MA, Alam S, Taher MA, Shao C, Wang S, Geng P, Mamun AA. Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Shirakiopsis Indica (Willd). Fruit Extract: A Mangrove Species in the Field of Inflammation Research. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5821-5854. [PMID: 39228677 PMCID: PMC11370890 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s470835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Shirakiopsis indica (Willd)., commonly known as Sa-Mor-Ta-Lay in Thailand, is a mangrove plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. As mangrove plants' medicinal potentials are less explored, this study sought to qualitatively and quantitatively verify the bioactive components of Shirakiopsis indica fruits methanolic extract (SIF-ME) at the side of its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects followed by in-silico studies. Methods The in-vivo assessments of analgesic activity involved the hot plate test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, and formalin-induced licking test. The anti-inflammatory efficacy was assessed through the human RBC membrane stabilization assay (HRBC), protein denaturation assay, and xylene-induced ear edema methods. Antioxidant potential was implemented by the DPPH scavenging method. Results The SIF-ME consistently displayed significant anti-nociceptive activity in a dose-dependent pattern (p < 0.05). The maximum analgesic activity was found in the highest dose (200 mg/kg; p < 0.001) in a hot plate, acetic acid-induced writhing test 43.47%, and in formalin-induced licking test in both early phase (43.3%; p < 0.01) and late phase (61.84%; p < 0.001%). The extract provided optimal protection against hemolysis (83.41% decrease) at 1000 µg/mL and significantly inhibited protein denaturation (67.34-26.05%) at doses of 1000-62.5 µg/mL. At 200 mg/kg, the extract showed dose-dependent and substantial inhibition (54.07%; p < 0.01) of xylene-induced ear edema. The in-vitro DPPH (IC50 = 469.5 µg/mL) results showed remarkable scavenging activity and concentration-dependent reducing power. The extract demonstrates no acute oral toxicity, as indicated by an LD50 value exceeding 1000 mg/kg body weight. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis was performed which yielded sixty bioactive compounds. In-silico and molecular docking studies revealed favorable pharmacological properties, including good binding affinities and ADME/T profiles. Conclusion These results support the medicinal use of the plant, which makes it a potential source of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pair Ahmed Jiko
- Department of Chemistry, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chittagong, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Mahathir Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chittagong, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Tasnim Richi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Anisul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Safaet Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Chemical Research Division, BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdullah Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements (BRiCM), Laboratory Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, 323000, People’s Republic of China
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Ormsby SM. Hot and Cold Theory: Evidence in Nutrition. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1343:87-107. [PMID: 35015278 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80983-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ancient scholars across cultures have postulated that by being less potent versions of herbs, food plays a substantive role in the maintenance of health and treatment of disease. A commonality among these traditional medical systems is in relation to the 'heating' and 'cooling' properties of foods. In this chapter, 'hot' and 'cold' classifications of foods are explored, along with ways to optimize health and combat disease. Scientific evaluations of 'hot' and 'cold' properties are also reviewed in relation to chemical compositions and physiological impacts. A broad scoping Google Scholar search was conducted to identify relevant articles. Scientific evaluations were heterogeneous and of mixed quality. Nonetheless some evidence supported the traditional 'hot' and 'cold' classifications. Overall, 'heating' foods were associated with metabolism and sympathetic nervous system enhancement via increased proportions of caffeine, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and calories; as well as greater oxidation potential; vasodilatory and pro-inflammatory effects; and higher acidity and aromatic compound content. 'Cooling' foods were contrastly found to be higher in water, fiber, alkalinity, and aliphatic compounds; as well as associated with anti-inflammatory, and detoxification (elimination) processes. With the potential to specifically tailor diets to suit individual needs, further high-quality research to substantiate traditional food classifications is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Maree Ormsby
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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Cao S, Han Y, Li Q, Chen Y, Zhu D, Su Z, Guo H. Mapping Pharmacological Network of Multi-Targeting Litchi Ingredients in Cancer Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00451
expr 967555229 + 995954239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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Cao S, Han Y, Li Q, Chen Y, Zhu D, Su Z, Guo H. Mapping Pharmacological Network of Multi-Targeting Litchi Ingredients in Cancer Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:451. [PMID: 32390834 PMCID: PMC7193898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable pharmacological studies have demonstrated that the extracts and ingredients from different parts (seeds, peels, pulps, and flowers) of Litchi exhibited anticancer effects by affecting the proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metastasis, chemotherapy and radiotherapy sensitivity, stemness, metabolism, angiogenesis, and immunity via multiple targeting. However, there is no systematical analysis on the interaction network of “multiple ingredients-multiple targets-multiple pathways” anticancer effects of Litchi. In this study, we summarized the confirmed anticancer ingredients and molecular targets of Litchi based on published articles and applied network pharmacology approach to explore the complex mechanisms underlying these effects from a perspective of system biology. The top ingredients, top targets, and top pathways of each anticancer function were identified using network pharmacology approach. Further intersecting analyses showed that Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), Gallic acid, Kaempferol, Luteolin, and Betulinic acid were the top ingredients which might be the key ingredients exerting anticancer function of Litchi, while BAX, BCL2, CASP3, and AKT1 were the top targets which might be the main targets underling the anticancer mechanisms of these top ingredients. These results provided references for further understanding and exploration of Litchi as therapeutics in cancer as well as the application of “Component Formula” based on Litchi’s effective ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanjiang Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiheng Su
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education & Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Abstract
Plants remain a vital source of drugs and at present, much emphasis is given to nutraceuticals. Herbal medicines have been the basis of treatment and cure for various diseases and physiological conditions in the traditional methods practiced such as ayurveda and homeopathy. Litchi chinensis belongs to the Sapindaceae family and is well-known in the Indian traditional system for its traditional uses. The parts of the plant used are leaves, flowers, fruits, seed, pulp, and pericarp. All parts of the plant are rich sources of phytochemicals--epicatechin; procyanidin A2 and procyanidin B2; leucocyanidin; cyanidin glycoside, malvidin glycoside, and saponins; butylated hydroxytoluene; isolariciresinol; kaempferol; rutin; and stigmasterol. In the present review, we explore the lychee's description, traditional medicinal uses, and phytoconstituents, and investigate the pharmacological activities in various parts of the lychee to show its importance in ethanopharmacology. This is so that this review can serve as a ready-to-use material for further research on the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswar Kumar Kilari
- Department of Pharmacology, Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swathi Putta
- Department of Pharmacology, Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA. Litchi chinensis: medicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:492-513. [PMID: 26342518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Sapindaceae) has been widely used in many cultures for the treatment of cough, flatulence, stomach ulcers, diabetes, obesity, testicular swelling, hernia-like conditions, and epigastric and neuralgic pains. The ethnopharmacologial history of L. chinensis indicated that it possesses hypoglycemic, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-platelet, anti-tussive, analgesic, antipyretic, hemostatic, diuretic, and antiviral activities. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the botanical characterization, distribution, traditional uses, and chemical constituents, as well as the pharmacological activities and toxicity of L. chinensis. Moreover, the focus of this review is the possible exploitation of this plant to treat different diseases and to suggest future investigations. MATERIALS AND METHODS To provide an overview of the ethnopharmacology, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of litchi, and to reveal their therapeutic potentials and being an evidence base for further research works, information on litchi was gathered from scientific journals, books, and worldwide accepted scientific databases via a library and electronic search (PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley online library, and pubs.acs.org/journal/jacsat). All abstracts and full-text articles were examined. The most relevant articles were selected for screening and inclusion in this review. RESULTS A comprehensive analysis of the literature obtained through the above-mentioned sources confirmed that ethno-medical uses of L. chinensis have been recorded in China, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Philippines. Phytochemical investigation revealed that the major chemical constituents of litchi are flavonoids, sterols, triterpenens, phenolics, and other bioactive compounds. Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from L. chinensis exhibited significant antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, hepato-protective, and immunomodulatory activities. From the toxicological perspective, litchi fruit juice and extracts have been proven to be safe at a dose 1 g/kg. CONCLUSIONS Phytochemical investigations indicated that phenolics were the major bioactive components of L. chinensis with potential pharmacological activities. The ethnopharmacological relevance of L. chinensis is fully justified by the most recent findings indicating it is a useful medicinal and nutritional agent for treating a wide range of human disorders and aliments. Further investigations are needed to fully understand the mode of action of the active constituents and to fully exploit its preventive and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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Mathema VB, Na-Bangchang K. Current Insights on Cholangiocarcinoma Research: a Brief Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1307-13. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.4.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Muhammad N, Shrestha RL, Adhikari A, Wadood A, Khan H, Khan AZ, Maione F, Mascolo N, De Feo V. First evidence of the analgesic activity of govaniadine, an alkaloid isolated from Corydalis govaniana Wall. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:430-7. [PMID: 25154594 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.951933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, govaniadine, an alkaloid isolated from Corydalis govaniana Wall. was evaluated for its analgesic activity by writhing and hot-plate tests. Govaniadine did not display any toxic effects in mice up to 20 mg/kg during 24 h assessment study. The acetic acid-induced writhing was significantly reduced by pretreatment with govaniadine in a dose-dependent manner (1.25-5.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)). Furthermore, molecular docking study has shown that this alkaloid binds the COX-2 enzyme. In the hot-plate test, govaniadine at dose of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, i.p. displayed analgesic effect at all time points (30, 60, 90 and 120 min). The analgesic effect of govaniadine was significantly antagonised by naloxone administration. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the peripheral and central analgesic effects of govaniadine could be in part related to the involvement of COX-2 activity and by its interaction with the opioid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Muhammad
- a Department of Pharmacy , Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan , Mardan 23200 , Pakistan
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Huang F, Guo Y, Zhang R, Yi Y, Deng Y, Su D, Zhang M. Effects of drying methods on physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharide-protein complexes from litchi pulp. Molecules 2014; 19:12760-76. [PMID: 25140451 PMCID: PMC6271374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190812760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried litchi pulp has been used in traditional remedies in China for many years to treat various diseases, and the therapeutic activity has been, at least partly, attributed to the presence of bioactive polysaccharides. Polysaccharide-protein complexes from vacuum freeze-(VF), vacuum microwave-(VM) and heat pump (HP) dried litchi pulp, which were coded as LP-VF, LP-VM and LP-HP, were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties. LP-HP had a predominance of galactose, while glucose was the major sugar component in LP-VF and LP-VM. Compared with LP-VF and LP-VM, LP-HP contained more aspartate and glutamic in binding protein. LP-HP also exhibited a stronger stimulatory effect on splenocyte proliferation at 200 μg/mL and triggered higher NO, TNF-α and IL-6 secretion from RAW264.7 macrophages. Different drying methods caused the difference in physicochemical properties of polysaccharide-protein complexes from dried litchi pulp, which resulted in significantly different immunomodulatory activity. HP drying appears to be the best method for preparing litchi pulp to improve its immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yajuan Guo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yang Yi
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Dongxiao Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
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Huang F, Zhang R, Yi Y, Tang X, Zhang M, Su D, Deng Y, Wei Z. Comparison of physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from fresh and dried litchi pulp. Molecules 2014; 19:3909-25. [PMID: 24691064 PMCID: PMC6270829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19043909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drying is commonly used for preservation and processing of litchi. However, its polysaccharide structure may be altered by the drying process, resulting in biological activity changes. Polysaccharides from fresh and dried litchi pulp (denoted as LPF and LPD, respectively) were isolated, investigated by GC-MS, GPC and UV/IR spectrum analysis and their antitumor and immunomodulatory activities were evaluated in vitro. LPD, the molecular weight of which was lower than that of LPF, contained more protein, uronic acid, arabinose, galactose and xylose. Compared with LPF, LPD exhibited a higher inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2, Hela and A549 cells from 50-750 μg/mL. LPD was also a better stimulator of spleen lymphocyte proliferation, NK cells cytotoxicity and macrophage phagocytosis from 50-400 μg/mL. In summary, drying could change the physicochemical properties and enhance the bioactivity of polysaccharides from litchi pulp. This finding is supported by the fact that dried litchi pulps are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yang Yi
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Dongxiao Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Zhencheng Wei
- Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
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