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Venkidesh BS, Shankar SR, Narasimhamurthy RK, Rao SBS, Mumbrekar KD. Radioprotective potential of probiotics against gastrointestinal and neuronal toxicity: a preclinical study. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3165-3173. [PMID: 37071338 PMCID: PMC10514165 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is a critical component of cancer treatment, along with surgery and chemotherapy. Approximately, 90% of cancer patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy show gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, including bloody diarrhea, and gastritis, most of which are associated with gut dysbiosis. In addition to the direct effect of radiation on the brain, pelvic irradiation can alter the gut microbiome, leading to inflammation and breakdown of the gut-blood barrier. This allows toxins and bacteria to enter the bloodstream and reach the brain. Probiotics have been proven to prevent GI toxicity by producing short-chain fatty acids and exopolysaccharides beneficial for protecting mucosal integrity and oxidative stress reduction in the intestine and also shown to be beneficial in brain health. Microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining gut and brain health, so it is important to study whether bacterial supplementation will help in maintaining the gut and brain structure after radiation exposure. METHODS In the present study, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, radiation, probiotics, and probiotics + radiation groups. On the 7th day, animals in the radiation and probiotics + radiation groups received a single dose of 4 Gy to whole-body. Posttreatment, mice were sacrificed, and the intestine and brain tissues were excised for histological analysis to assess GI and neuronal damage. RESULTS Radiation-induced damage to the villi height and mucosal thickness was mitigated by the probiotic treatment significantly (p < 0.01). Further, radiation-induced pyknotic cell numbers in the DG, CA2, and CA3 areas were substantially reduced with bacterial supplementation (p < 0.001). Similarly, probiotics reduced neuronal inflammation induced by radiation in the cortex, CA2, and DG region (p < 0.01). Altogether, the probiotics treatment helps mitigate radiation-induced intestinal and neuronal damage. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the probiotic formulation could attenuate the number of pyknotic cells in the hippocampal brain region and decrease neuroinflammation by reducing the number of microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Santhi Venkidesh
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Saligrama R Shankar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Rekha Koravadi Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Satish Bola Sadashiva Rao
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Li Z, Wu H, Zou B, Xu Y. Exploring Natural Products as Radioprotective Agents for Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3585. [PMID: 37509245 PMCID: PMC10377328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important cancer treatment. However, in addition to killing tumor cells, radiotherapy causes damage to the surrounding cells and is toxic to normal tissues. Therefore, an effective radioprotective agent that prevents the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation is required. Numerous synthetic substances have been shown to have clear radioprotective effects. However, most of these have not been translated for use in clinical applications due to their high toxicity and side effects. Many medicinal plants have been shown to exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In recent years, new agents obtained from natural products have been investigated by radioprotection researchers, due to their abundance of sources, high efficiency, and low toxicity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the radioprotective effects of natural products, including ROS scavenging, promotion of DNA damage repair, anti-inflammatory effects, and the inhibition of cell death signaling pathways. In addition, we systematically review natural products with radioprotective properties, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and saponins. Specifically, we discuss the polyphenols apigenin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, resveratrol, and curcumin; the polysaccharides astragalus, schisandra, and Hohenbuehelia serotina; the saponins ginsenosides and acanthopanax senticosus; and the alkaloids matrine, ligustrazine, and β-carboline. However, further optimization through structural modification, improved extraction and purification methods, and clinical trials are needed before clinical translation. With a deeper understanding of the radioprotective mechanisms involved and the development of high-throughput screening methods, natural products could become promising novel radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanyou Wu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Meena SK, Joriya PR, Yadav SM, Kumar R, Meena P, Patel DD. Modulation of radiation-induced intestinal injury by radioprotective agents: a cellular and molecular perspectives. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:295-311. [PMID: 35438851 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) system has rapidly proliferating and differentiating cells, which make it one of the most radiosensitive organs in the body. Exposure to high dose of ionising radiation (IR) during radiotherapy may generate a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) including radicals, cause some side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, pain, ulceration, mal-absorption etc. Irradiation disrupts GI system by damaging proliferating stem cells of the crypts that alters the histology and physiology of intestine. Radiation damage reflects the qualitative and quantitative changes in intestinal epithelial stem cells like enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells and Paneth cells. The damaging effects of radiation to bio-molecules and cellular structures can alter gene signalling cascades and grounds genomic instability, protein modifications, cell senescence and cell death. The signalling pathways of GI tract includes Wnt, BMP, Hedgehog, PTEN/PI3K and Notch plays an important role in self-renewal of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and maintaining the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of ISCs. Various radiation countermeasures including radioprotectors and mitigators are under development phase globally but still not approved for clinical applications during any radiation emergencies. In view of above, present review highlights cellular and molecular interruptions of GI system due to acute and chronic GI radiation injury, role of radioprotectors in signalling cascade modulations in GI epithelium and involvement of ISC markers in radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Meena
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pukha Raj Joriya
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanwar Mal Yadav
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Priyadarshi Meena
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dev Dutt Patel
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Protective Effect of Bojungikki-Tang against Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mice: Experimental Verification and Compound-Target Prediction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:5417813. [PMID: 36644439 PMCID: PMC9833920 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5417813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bojungikki-tang (BJIT) is a traditional herbal medicine used in Korea, Japan, and China to treat gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether BJIT has protective effects against radiation-induced intestinal injury and to predict the underlying therapeutic mechanisms and related pathways via network pharmacological analyses. BJIT was injected intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg body weight) to C3H/HeN mice at 36 and 12 h before exposure to partial abdominal irradiation (5 Gy and 13 Gy) to evaluate the apoptotic changes and the histological changes and variations in inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in the jejunum, respectively. Through in silico network analysis, we predicted the mechanisms underlying BJIT-mediated regulation of radiation-induced intestinal injury. BJIT reduced the level of apoptosis in the jejunal crypts 12 h post 5-Gy irradiation. Histological assessment revealed intestinal morphological changes in irradiated mice 3.5 days post 13-Gy irradiation. Furthermore, BJIT decreased inflammatory cytokine levels following radiation exposure. Apoptosis, TNF, p53, VEGF, toll-like receptor, PPAR, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), were found to be linked to the radioprotective effects of BJIT against intestinal injury. According to our results, BJIT exerted its potential protective effects by attenuating histopathological changes in jejunal crypts and suppressing inflammatory mediator levels. Therefore, BJIT is a potential therapeutic agent that can treat radiation-induced intestinal injury and its associated symptoms.
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Chen G, Han Y, Zhang H, Tu W, Zhang S. Radiotherapy-Induced Digestive Injury: Diagnosis, Treatment and Mechanisms. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757973. [PMID: 34804953 PMCID: PMC8604098 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic methods for treating cancer. The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder). The digestive system is easily impaired during radiotherapy, especially in thoracic and abdominal radiotherapy. In this review, we introduce the physical classification, basic pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, predictive/diagnostic factors, and possible treatment targets of radiotherapy-induced digestive injury. Radiotherapy-induced digestive injury complies with the dose-volume effect and has a radiation-based organ correlation. Computed tomography (CT), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound (US) and endoscopy can help diagnose and evaluate the radiation-induced lesion level. The latest treatment approaches include improvement in radiotherapy (such as shielding, hydrogel spacers and dose distribution), stem cell transplantation and drug administration. Gut microbiota modulation may become a novel approach to relieving radiogenic gastrointestinal syndrome. Finally, we summarized the possible mechanisms involved in treatment, but they remain varied. Radionuclide-labeled targeting molecules (RLTMs) are promising for more precise radiotherapy. These advances contribute to our understanding of the assessment and treatment of radiation-induced digestive injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenling Tu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China.,West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Zhang J, Pang Z, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Xu C, He L, Li W, Zhang K, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhang C, Hao Q, Zhang Y, Li M, Li Z. Genistein From Fructus sophorae Protects Mice From Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655652. [PMID: 34093188 PMCID: PMC8175795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective pharmacological countermeasure is needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality in high-dose ionizing radiation-induced acute damage. Genistein has shown bioactivity in alleviating radiation damage and is currently synthesized by chemosynthetic methods. Due to concerns about chemical residues and high costs, the clinical application of genistein is still a major challenge. In this study, we aimed to establish an efficient method for the extraction of genistein from Fructus sophorae. The effects of extracted genistein (FSGen) on preventing intestinal injury from radiation were further investigated in this study. C57/BL mice were exposed to 7.5 Gy whole body irradiation with and without FSGen treatments. Histological analysis demonstrated significant structural and functional restitution of the intestine and bone marrow in FSGen-pretreated cohorts after irradiation. Through mRNA expression, protein expression, and small interfering RNA analyses, we demonstrated that FSGen protects IEC-6 cells against radiation damage by upregulating the Rassf1a and Ercc1 genes to effectively attenuate DNA irradiation damage. Together, our data established an effective method to extract genistein from the Fructus sophorae plant with high purity, and validated the beneficial roles of the FSGen in protecting the radiation damage. These results promise the future applications of Fructus sophorae extracted genistein in the protection of radiation related damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Pang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The 971th Naval Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Second Battalion of Basic Medical College, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Second Battalion of Basic Medical College, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaowei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuanyang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei He
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weina Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangqian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuning Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengmin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Phytoestrogen genistein hinders ovarian oxidative damage and apoptotic cell death-induced by ionizing radiation: co-operative role of ER-β, TGF-β, and FOXL-2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13551. [PMID: 32782329 PMCID: PMC7419553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a well-known cause of premature ovarian failure (POF). Therefore, we investigated the molecular influence of genistein (GEN) on the ovarian reserve of rats exposed to ϒ-radiation. Female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a 3.2 Gy γ-radiation to induce POF and/or treated with either GEN (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or Ethinyl estradiol (E2; 0.1 mg/kg, s.c.), once daily for 10 days. GEN was able to conserve primordial follicles stock and population of growing follicles accompanied with reduction in atretic follicles. GEN restored the circulating estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone levels which were diminished after irradiation. GEN has potent antioxidant activity against radiation-mediated oxidative stress through upregulating endogenous glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity. Mechanistically, GEN inhibited the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by repressing Bax expression and augmenting Bcl-2 expression resulted in reduced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio with subsequent reduction in cytochrome c and caspase 3 expression. These promising effects of GEN are associated with improving granulosa cells proliferation. On the molecular basis, GEN reversed ovarian apoptosis through up-regulation of ER-β and FOXL-2 with downregulation of TGF-β expression, therefore inhibiting transition of primordial follicles to more growing follicles. GEN may constitute a novel therapeutic modality for safeguarding ovarian function of females' cancer survivors.
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Vasin MV, Ushakov IB. Potential Ways to Increase Body Resistance to Damaging Action of Ionizing Radiation with Radiomitigators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086419060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Tiwari P, Mishra KP. Flavonoids sensitize tumor cells to radiation: molecular mechanisms and relevance to cancer radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:360-369. [PMID: 31738629 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1694193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Radiobiological research continues to focus on finding newer strategies for enhanced killing of tumor cells by ionizing radiation. In recent years, chemotherapeutic drugs have been found to possess the capabilities to sensitize tumor cells without affecting the normal cells. There have been increasing research efforts to identify novel and nontoxic compounds which cause minimal or no harm to normal cells but maximize tumor toxicity response to radiation exposure. Extensive researches on flavonoids that are compounds derived from plants have shown that these have promising abilities as radioprotectors and radiosensitizers.Conclusions: In this review, we examine the role of flavonoids as potential radiosensitizers, review the underlying molecular mechanisms and discuss their potential usefulness in improving cancer radiotherapy. It is emphasized that obtaining a deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the combined action of flavonoids and ionizing radiation may provide new directions for radiobiological research applicable to the much needed enhanced selective tumor cytotoxicity to treatment agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Tiwari
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaushala Prasad Mishra
- Foundation for Education and Research, Ex Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Beks H, Binder MJ, Kourbelis C, Ewing G, Charles J, Paradies Y, Clark RA, Versace VL. Geographical analysis of evaluated chronic disease programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in the Australian primary health care setting: a systematic scoping review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1115. [PMID: 31412846 PMCID: PMC6694647 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted chronic disease programs are vital to improving health outcomes for Indigenous people globally. In Australia it is not known where evaluated chronic disease programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have been implemented. This scoping review geographically examines where evaluated chronic disease programs for Aboriginal people have been implemented in the Australian primary health care setting. Secondary objectives include scoping programs for evidence of partnerships with Aboriginal organisations, and use of ethical protocols. By doing so, geographical gaps in the literature and variations in ethical approaches to conducting program evaluations are highlighted. METHODS The objectives, inclusion criteria and methods for this scoping review were specified in advance and documented in a published protocol. This scoping review was undertaken in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review methodology. The search included 11 academic databases, clinical trial registries, and the grey literature. RESULTS The search resulted in 6894 citations, with 241 retrieved from the grey literature and targeted organisation websites. Title, abstract, and full-text screening was conducted by two independent reviewers, with 314 citations undergoing full review. Of these, 74 citations evaluating 50 programs met the inclusion criteria. Of the programs included in the geographical analysis (n = 40), 32.1% were implemented in Major Cities and 29.6% in Very Remote areas of Australia. A smaller proportion of programs were delivered in Inner Regional (12.3%), Outer Regional (18.5%) and Remote areas (7.4%) of Australia. Overall, 90% (n = 45) of the included programs collaborated with an Aboriginal organisation in the implementation and/or evaluation of the program. Variation in the use of ethical guidelines and protocols in the evaluation process was evident. CONCLUSIONS A greater focus on the evaluation of chronic disease programs for Aboriginal people residing in Inner and Outer Regional areas, and Remote areas of Australia is required. Across all geographical areas further efforts should be made to conduct evaluations in partnership with Aboriginal communities residing in the geographical region of program implementation. The need for more scientifically and ethically rigorous approaches to Aboriginal health program evaluations is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Beks
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marley J Binder
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Constance Kourbelis
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Geraldine Ewing
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Charles
- Institute of Koorie Education, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yin Paradies
- Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn A Clark
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vincent L Versace
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
- National Centre for Farmer Health, Western District Health Service, Hamilton, Victoria, Australia.
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Khayyal MT, Abdel-Naby DH, El-Ghazaly MA. Propolis extract protects against radiation-induced intestinal mucositis through anti-apoptotic mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24672-24682. [PMID: 31240658 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a common side effect during radiotherapy that could be largely prevented by compounds possessing anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidant properties, including extracts of propolis containing a high proportion of flavonoids. A specially formulated aqueous extract of propolis (PWE) has been prepared in such a way to preclude the inclusion of flavonoids but contain mostly organic aromatic acids to study whether it would still protect against radiation-induced intestinal mucositis and to study the possible involvement of apoptotic pathways. Rats were exposed to a gamma radiation dose of 8 Gy from a Cesium-137 source in order to inflict intestinal mucositis. Three days before exposure, rats were given PWE orally and treatment continued for 2 more days. Twenty-four hours later, rats were sacrificed, the small intestine was excised, and sections were examined histologically. Different parameters for apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress were determined in the serum and in intestinal homogenates. Radiation exposure led to histological and biochemical signs of intestinal damage. This was associated with an increase in apoptotic indicators and derangement in oxidative stress parameters. All deranged parameters were largely prevented by PWE. The findings provide evidence that the protective effect of PWE against intestinal radiation damage involves not only its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects but also its anti-apoptotic properties as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Khayyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Doaa H Abdel-Naby
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmad El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Ghazaly
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmad El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Riehl TE, Alvarado D, Ee X, Zuckerman A, Foster L, Kapoor V, Thotala D, Ciorba MA, Stenson WF. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG protects the intestinal epithelium from radiation injury through release of lipoteichoic acid, macrophage activation and the migration of mesenchymal stem cells. Gut 2019; 68:1003-1013. [PMID: 29934438 PMCID: PMC7202371 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), a probiotic, given by gavage is radioprotective of the mouse intestine. LGG-induced radioprotection is toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent and is associated with the migration of COX-2+mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the lamina propria of the villus to the lamina propria near the crypt epithelial stem cells. Our goals were to define the mechanism of LGG radioprotection including identification of the TLR2 agonist, and the mechanism of the MSC migration and to determine the safety and efficacy of this approach in models relevant to clinical radiation therapy. DESIGN Intestinal radioprotection was modelled in vitro with cell lines and enteroids as well as in vivo by assaying clinical outcomes and crypt survival. Fractionated abdominal and single dose radiation were used along with syngeneic CT26 colon tumour grafts to assess tumour radioprotection. RESULTS LGG with a mutation in the processing of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a TLR2 agonist, was not radioprotective, while LTA agonist and native LGG were. An agonist of CXCR4 blocked LGG-induced MSC migration and LGG-induced radioprotection. LGG given by gavage induced expression of CXCL12, a CXCR4 agonist, in pericryptal macrophages and depletion of macrophages by clodronate liposomes blocked LGG-induced MSC migration and radioprotection. LTA effectively protected the normal intestinal crypt, but not tumours in fractionated radiation regimens. CONCLUSIONS LGG acts as a 'time-release capsule' releasing radioprotective LTA. LTA then primes the epithelial stem cell niche to protect epithelial stem cells by triggering a multicellular, adaptive immune signalling cascade involving macrophages and PGE2 secreting MSCs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01790035; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence E. Riehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - David Alvarado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Xueping Ee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Aaron Zuckerman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Lynn Foster
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Vaishali Kapoor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Dinesh Thotala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Matthew A. Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - William F. Stenson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
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13
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Landauer MR, Harvey AJ, Kaytor MD, Day RM. Mechanism and therapeutic window of a genistein nanosuspension to protect against hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:308-317. [PMID: 31038675 PMCID: PMC6530628 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There are no FDA-approved drugs that can be administered prior to ionizing radiation exposure to prevent hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). A suspension of synthetic genistein nanoparticles was previously shown to be an effective radioprotectant against H-ARS when administered prior to exposure to a lethal dose of total body radiation. Here we aimed to determine the time to protection and the duration of protection when the genistein nanosuspension was administered by intramuscular injection, and we also investigated the drug's mechanism of action. A single intramuscular injection of the genistein nanosuspension was an effective radioprotectant when given prophylactically 48 h to 12 h before irradiation, with maximum effectiveness occurring when administered 24 h before. No survival advantage was observed in animals administered only a single dose of drug after irradiation. The dose reduction factor of the genistein nanosuspension was determined by comparing the survival of treated and untreated animals following different doses of total body irradiation. As genistein is a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist, we also explored whether this was a central component of its radioprotective mechanism of action. Mice that received an intramuscular injection of an estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI 182,780) prior to administration of the genistein nanosuspension had significantly lower survival following total body irradiation compared with animals only receiving the nanosuspension (P < 0.01). These data define the time to and duration of radioprotection following a single intramuscular injection of the genistein nanosuspension and identify its likely mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Landauer
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4555 South Palmer Road, Building 42, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam J Harvey
- Humanetics Corporation, 7650 Edinborough Way, Suite 620, Edina, MN, USA
| | - Michael D Kaytor
- Humanetics Corporation, 7650 Edinborough Way, Suite 620, Edina, MN, USA
| | - Regina M Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Building C, Roomm 2023, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Building C, Room 2023, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA. Tel: +301-295-3236; fax: +301-295-3220;
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14
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Garg S, Sadhukhan R, Banerjee S, Savenka AV, Basnakian AG, McHargue V, Wang J, Pawar SA, Ghosh SP, Ware J, Hauer-Jensen M, Pathak R. Gamma-Tocotrienol Protects the Intestine from Radiation Potentially by Accelerating Mesenchymal Immune Cell Recovery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030057. [PMID: 30845647 PMCID: PMC6466604 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidant gamma-tocotrienol (GT3), a vitamin E family member, provides intestinal radiation protection. We seek to understand whether this protection is mediated via mucosal epithelial stem cells or sub-mucosal mesenchymal immune cells. Vehicle- or GT3-treated male CD2F1 mice were exposed to total body irradiation (TBI). Cell death was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Villus height and crypt depth were measured with computer-assisted software in tissue sections. Functional activity was determined with an intestinal permeability assay. Immune cell recovery was measured with immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and the regeneration of intestinal crypts was assessed with ex vivo organoid culture. A single dose of GT3 (200 mg/kg body weight (bwt)) administered 24 h before TBI suppressed cell death, prevented a decrease in villus height, increased crypt depth, attenuated intestinal permeability, and upregulated occludin level in the intestine compared to the vehicle treated group. GT3 accelerated mesenchymal immune cell recovery after irradiation, but it did not promote ex vivo organoid formation and failed to enhance the expression of stem cell markers. Finally, GT3 significantly upregulated protein kinase B or AKT phosphorylation after TBI. Pretreatment with GT3 attenuates TBI-induced structural and functional damage to the intestine, potentially by facilitating intestinal immune cell recovery. Thus, GT3 could be used as an intestinal radioprotector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Garg
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Ratan Sadhukhan
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Sudip Banerjee
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Alena V Savenka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Alexei G Basnakian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Victoria McHargue
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Junru Wang
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Snehalata A Pawar
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Sanchita P Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, USUHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Jerry Ware
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Pathak R, Shah SK, Hauer-Jensen M. Therapeutic potential of natural plant products and their metabolites in preventing radiation enteropathy resulting from abdominal or pelvic irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:493-505. [PMID: 30526224 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1552374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury or radiation enteropathy is an imminent risk during radiation therapy of abdominal or pelvic tumors. Despite remarkable technological advancements in image-guided radiation delivery techniques, the risk of intestinal injury after radiotherapy for abdominal or pelvic cancers has not been completely eliminated. The irradiated intestine undergoes varying degrees of adverse structural and functional changes, which can result in transient or long-term complications. The risk of development of enteropathy depends on dose, fractionation, and quality of radiation. Moreover, the patients' medical condition, age, inter-individual sensitivity to radiation and size of the treatment area are also risk factors of radiation enteropathy. Therefore, strategies are needed to prevent radiotherapy-induced undesirable alteration in the gastrointestinal tract. Many natural plant products, by virtue of their plethora of biological activities, alleviate the adverse effects of radiation-induced injury. The current review discusses potential roles and possible mechanisms of natural plant products in suppressing radiation enteropathy. Natural plant products have the potential to suppress intestinal radiation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Pathak
- a Division of Radiation Health Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Sumit K Shah
- b College of Medicine Department of Pathology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- a Division of Radiation Health Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
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16
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Costea T, Hudiță A, Ciolac OA, Gălățeanu B, Ginghină O, Costache M, Ganea C, Mocanu MM. Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer by Dietary Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3787. [PMID: 30487390 PMCID: PMC6321468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and the third most diagnosed type of cancer, worldwide. It is most common amongst men and women over 50 years old. Risk factors include smoking, alcohol, diet, physical inactivity, genetics, alterations in gut microbiota, and associated pathologies (diabetes, obesity, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases). This review will discuss, in detail, the chemopreventive properties of some dietary compounds (phenolic compounds, carotenoids, iridoids, nitrogen compounds, organosulfur compounds, phytosterols, essential oil compounds, polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber) against colorectal cancer. We present recent data, focusing on in vitro, laboratory animals and clinical trials with the previously mentioned compounds. The chemopreventive properties of the dietary compounds involve multiple molecular and biochemical mechanisms of action, such as inhibition of cell growth, inhibition of tumor initiation, inhibition of adhesion, migration and angiogenesis, apoptosis, interaction with gut microbiota, regulation of cellular signal transduction pathways and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, etc. Moreover, this review will also focus on the natural dietary compounds' bioavailability, their synergistic protective effect, as well as the association with conventional therapy. Dietary natural compounds play a major role in colorectal chemoprevention and continuous research in this field is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Costea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Phytotherapy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ariana Hudiță
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Oana-Alina Ciolac
- Department of Biophysics, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Bianca Gălățeanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Octav Ginghină
- Department of Surgery, "Sf. Ioan" Emergency Clinical Hospital, 042122 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department II, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030167 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Constanța Ganea
- Department of Biophysics, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maria-Magdalena Mocanu
- Department of Biophysics, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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Protective effect of polydatin on radiation-induced injury of intestinal epithelial and endothelial cells. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180868. [PMID: 30333253 PMCID: PMC6239250 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the radioprotective effect of polydatin (PD) on crypt and endothelial cells of the small intestines of C57BL/6 mice that received abdominal irradiation (IR). Mice were treated with 6 MV X-ray (20 Gy) abdominal IR at a dose rate of 200 cGy/min. Thirty minutes before or after IR, mice were intraperitoneally injected with PD. The rate of survival of the mice at 30 days after IR was determined. The duodenum (upper small intestine), jejunum (middle small intestine), and ileum (lower small intestine) were collected and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tissue sample sections were analyzed through light microscopy, and the lengths of at least 20 intestinal villi were measured in each group; the average number of crypts was obtained from 10 intestinal samples in each group. Microvessel density was assessed using CD31-positive (brown) vascular endothelial cells/cell clusters. FHs74Int cell proliferation was measured using the CCK-8 assay. PD administration (25 mg/kg) before IR was the most effective in prolonging the survival of C57BL/6 mice. PD reduced radiation-induced injury of intestinal villi, prevented loss of crypts, increased intestinal crypt growth, protected against IR-induced intestinal injury, and enhanced the proliferative potential and reduced the apoptosis of FHs74Int cells after IR. Moreover, PD increased small intestinal MVD and reduced the apoptosis of intestinal microvascular endothelial cells in mice after IR. Therefore, PD was found to be able to protect the two types of cells from radiation damage and to thus alleviate radiation-induced injury of small intestine.
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18
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Jang H, Lee J, Park S, Myung H, Kang J, Kim K, Kim H, Jang WS, Lee SJ, Shim S, Myung JK. Pravastatin Attenuates Acute Radiation-Induced Enteropathy and Improves Epithelial Cell Function. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1215. [PMID: 30459609 PMCID: PMC6232864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Radiation-induced enteropathy is frequently observed after radiation therapy for abdominal and pelvic cancer or occurs secondary to accidental radiation exposure. The acute effects of irradiation on the intestine might be attributed to inhibition of mitosis in the crypts, as the loss of proliferative functions impairs development of the small intestinal epithelium and its barrier function. Especially, oxidative damage to intestinal epithelial cells is a key event in the initiation and progression of radiation-induced enteropathy. Pravastatin is widely used clinically to lower serum cholesterol levels and has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects on endothelial cells. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of pravastatin on damaged epithelial cells after radiation-induced enteritis using in vitro and in vivo systems. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the effects of pravastatin on intestinal epithelial cells, we analyzed proliferation and senescence, oxidative damage, and inflammatory cytokine expression in an irradiated human intestinal epithelial cell line (InEpC). In addition, to investigate the therapeutic effects of pravastatin in mice, we performed histological analysis, bacterial translocation assays, and intestinal permeability assays, and also assessed inflammatory cytokine expression, using a radiation-induced enteropathy model. Results: Histological damage such as shortening of villi length and impaired intestinal crypt function was observed in whole abdominal-irradiated mice. However, damage was attenuated in pravastatin-treated animals, in which normalization of intestinal epithelial cell differentiation was also observed. Using in vitro and in vivo systems, we also showed that pravastatin improves the proliferative properties of intestinal epithelial cells and decreases radiation-induced oxidative damage to the intestine. In addition, pravastatin inhibited levels of epithelial-derived inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in irradiated InEpC cells. We also determined that pravastatin could rescue intestinal barrier dysfunction via anti-inflammatory effects using the mouse model. Conclusion: Pravastatin has a therapeutic effect on intestinal lesions and attenuates radiation-induced epithelial damage by suppressing oxidative stress and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosun Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Janet Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunwook Myung
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Kang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyuchang Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Suk Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae K Myung
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Abd El-Hady AM, Gewefel HS, Badawi MA, Eltahawy NA. Gamma-aminobutyric acid ameliorates gamma rays-induced oxidative stress in the small intestine of rats. THE JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED ZOOLOGY 2017; 78:2. [DOI: 10.1186/s41936-017-0005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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20
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Mishra K, Alsbeih G. Appraisal of biochemical classes of radioprotectors: evidence, current status and guidelines for future development. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:292. [PMID: 28868219 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for efficient radioprotective agents to protect from radiation-induced toxicity, due to planned or accidental radiation exposure, is still ongoing worldwide. Despite decades of research and development of widely different biochemical classes of natural and derivative compounds, a safe and effective radioprotector is largely unmet. In this comprehensive review, we evaluated the evidence for the radioprotective performance of classical thiols, vitamins, minerals, dietary antioxidants, phytochemicals, botanical and bacterial preparations, DNA-binding agents, cytokines, and chelators including adaptogens. Where radioprotection was demonstrated, the compounds have shown moderate dose modifying factors ranging from 1.1 to 2.7. To date, only few compounds found way to clinic with limited margin of dose prescription due to side effects. Most of these compounds (amifostine, filgratism, pegfilgrastim, sargramostim, palifermin, recombinant salmonella flagellin, Prussian blue, potassium iodide) act primarily via scavenging of free radicals, modulation of oxidative stress, signal transduction, cell proliferation or enhance radionuclide elimination. However, the gain in radioprotection remains hampered with low margin of tolerance. Future development of more effective radioprotectors requires an appropriate nontoxic compound, a model system and biomarkers of radiation exposure. These are important to test the effectiveness of radioprotection on physiological tissues during radiotherapy and field application in cases of nuclear eventualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnanand Mishra
- Radiation Biology Section, Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi Alsbeih
- Radiation Biology Section, Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Kim J, Park S, Jeon BS, Jang WS, Lee SJ, Son Y, Rhim KJ, Lee SI, Lee SS. Therapeutic effect of topical application of curcumin during treatment of radiation burns in a mini-pig model. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:435-444. [PMID: 27030193 PMCID: PMC5204020 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.4.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin protects the skin against radiation-induced epidermal damage and prevents morphological changes induced by irradiation skin, thereby maintaining the epidermal thickness and cell density of basal layers. In this study, the effects of topical curcumin treatment on radiation burns were evaluated in a mini-pig model. Histological and clinical changes were observed five weeks after radiation exposure to the back (60Co gamma-radiation, 50 Gy). Curcumin was applied topically to irradiated skin (200 mg/cm2) twice a day for 35 days. Curcumin application decreased the epithelial desquamation after irradiation. Additionally, when compared to the vehicle-treated group, the curcumin-treated group showed reduced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor-kappaB. Furthermore, irradiation prolonged healing of biopsy wounds in the exposed area, whereas curcumin treatment stimulated wound healing. These results suggest that curcumin can improve epithelial cell survival and recovery in the skin and therefore be used to treat radiation burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongsun Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea.,Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 46033, Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Byung-Suk Jeon
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 46033, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Rhim
- Department of Dermatology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Soong In Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin Univiersity, Naju 58245, Korea
| | - Seung-Sook Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
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22
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Melatonin protects rats from radiotherapy-induced small intestine toxicity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174474. [PMID: 28403142 PMCID: PMC5389624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity is among the most prevalent dose-limiting toxicities following radiotherapy. Prevention of radiation enteropathy requires protection of the small intestine. However, despite the prevalence and burden of this pathology, there are currently no effective treatments for radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity, and this pathology remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the changes induced in the rat small intestine after external irradiation of the tongue, and to explore the potential radio-protective effects of melatonin gel. Male Wistar rats were subjected to irradiation of their tongues with an X-Ray YXLON Y.Tu 320-D03 irradiator, receiving a dose of 7.5 Gy/day for 5 days. For 21 days post-irradiation, rats were treated with 45 mg/day melatonin gel or vehicle, by local application into their mouths. Our results showed that mitochondrial oxidative stress, bioenergetic impairment, and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation were involved in the development of radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity. Oral treatment with melatonin gel had a protective effect in the small intestine, which was associated with mitochondrial protection and, consequently, with a reduced inflammatory response, blunting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling activation. Thus, rats treated with melatonin gel showed reduced intestinal apoptosis, relieving mucosal dysfunction and facilitating intestinal mucosa recovery. Our findings suggest that oral treatment with melatonin gel may be a potential preventive therapy for radiotherapy-induced gut toxicity in cancer patients.
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23
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Redondo-Blanco S, Fernández J, Gutiérrez-Del-Río I, Villar CJ, Lombó F. New Insights toward Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy Using Natural Bioactive Compounds. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:109. [PMID: 28352231 PMCID: PMC5348533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy consists in the simultaneous administration of a conventional chemotherapy drug (or sometimes, a radiotherapy protocol) together with one or more natural bioactives (usually from plant or fungal origin) of small molecular weight. This combination of anticancer drugs may be applied to cell cultures of tumor cells, or to an animal model for a cancer type (or its xenograft), or to a clinical trial in patients. In this review, we summarize current knowledge describing diverse synergistic effects on colorectal cancer cell cultures, animal models, and clinical trials of various natural bioactives (stilbenes, flavonoids, terpenes, curcumin, and other structural families), which may be important with respect to diminish final doses of the chemotherapy drug, although maintaining its biological effect. This is important as these approaches may help reduce side effects in patients under conventional chemotherapy. Also, these molecules may exerts their synergistic effects via different cell cycle pathways, including different ones to those responsible of resistance phenotypes: transcription factors, membrane receptors, adhesion and structural molecules, cell cycle regulatory components, and apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Redondo-Blanco
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Del-Río
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
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24
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Wang Y, Cai B, Shao J, Wang TT, Cai RZ, Ma CJ, Han T, Du J. Genistein suppresses the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in hippocampal neurons in rats with Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1153-8. [PMID: 27630702 PMCID: PMC4994461 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.187056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is effective against amyloid-β toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that genistein may protect neurons by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and thereby play a role in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. A rat model of Alzheimer’s disease was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and intracerebral injection of amyloid-β peptide (25–35). In the genistein treatment groups, a 7-day pretreatment with genistein (10, 30, 90 mg/kg) was given prior to establishing Alzheimer’s disease model, for 49 consecutive days. Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay demonstrated a reduction in apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats treated with genistein. Western blot analysis showed that expression levels of capase-3, Bax and cytochrome c were decreased compared with the model group. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed reductions in cytochrome c and Bax immunoreactivity in these rats. Morris water maze revealed a substantial shortening of escape latency by genistein in Alzheimer’s disease rats. These findings suggest that genistein decreases neuronal loss in the hippocampus, and improves learning and memory ability. The neuroprotective effects of genistein are associated with the inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as shown by its ability to reduce levels of caspase-3, Bax and cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Biao Cai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jing Shao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Run-Ze Cai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chang-Ju Ma
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Han
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Du
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Williams JP, Calvi L, Chakkalakal JV, Finkelstein JN, O’Banion MK, Puzas E. Addressing the Symptoms or Fixing the Problem? Developing Countermeasures against Normal Tissue Radiation Injury. Radiat Res 2016; 186:1-16. [PMID: 27332954 PMCID: PMC4991354 DOI: 10.1667/rr14473.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline P. Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Laura Calvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Joe V. Chakkalakal
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jacob N. Finkelstein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - M. Kerry O’Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Edward Puzas
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Emerging targets for radioprotection and radiosensitization in radiotherapy. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11589-11609. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Meyer K, Krueger SA, Kane JL, Wilson TG, Hanna A, Dabjan M, Hege KM, Wilson GD, Grills I, Marples B. Pulsed Radiation Therapy With Concurrent Cisplatin Results in Superior Tumor Growth Delay in a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Murine Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 96:161-9. [PMID: 27511853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of 3-week schedules of low-dose pulsed radiation treatment (PRT) and standard radiation therapy (SRT), with concurrent cisplatin (CDDP) in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenograft model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Subcutaneous UT-SCC-14 tumors were established in athymic NIH III HO female mice. A total of 30 Gy was administered as 2 Gy/d, 5 d/wk for 3 weeks, either by PRT (10 × 0.2 Gy/d, with a 3-minute break between each 0.2-Gy dose) or SRT (2 Gy/d, uninterrupted delivery) in combination with concurrent 2 mg/kg CDDP 3 times per week in the final 2 weeks of radiation therapy. Treatment-induced growth delays were defined from twice-weekly tumor volume measurements. Tumor hypoxia was assessed by (18)F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography imaging, and calculated maximum standardized uptake values compared with tumor histology. Tumor vessel density and hypoxia were measured by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Normal tissues effects were evaluated in gut and skin. RESULTS Untreated tumors grew to 1000 mm(3) in 25.4 days (±1.2), compared with delays of 62.3 days (±3.5) for SRT + CDDP and 80.2 days (±5.0) for PRT + CDDP. Time to reach 2× pretreatment volume ranged from 8.2 days (±1.8) for untreated tumors to 67.1 days (±4.7) after PRT + CDDP. Significant differences in tumor growth delay were observed for SRT versus SRT + CDDP (P=.04), PRT versus PRT + CDDP (P=.035), and SRT + CDDP versus PRT + CDDP (P=.033), and for survival between PRT versus PRT + CDDP (P=.017) and SRT + CDDP versus PRT + CDDP (P=.008). Differences in tumor hypoxia were evident by (18)F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography imaging between SRT and PRT (P=.025), although not with concurrent CDDP. Tumor vessel density differed between SRT + CDDP and PRT + CDDP (P=.011). No differences in normal tissue parameters were seen. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent CDDP was more effective in combination PRT than SRT at restricting tumor growth. Significant differences in tumor vascular density were evident between PRT and SRT, suggesting a preservation of vascular network with PRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Meyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Sarah A Krueger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Jonathan L Kane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Thomas G Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Alaa Hanna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Mohamad Dabjan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Katie M Hege
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - George D Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Inga Grills
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Brian Marples
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
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Novel regenerative peptide TP508 mitigates radiation-induced gastrointestinal damage by activating stem cells and preserving crypt integrity. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1222-33. [PMID: 26280221 PMCID: PMC4626368 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing threats of radiation exposure and nuclear disasters have become a significant concern for the United States and countries worldwide. Exposure to high doses of radiation triggers a number of potentially lethal effects. Among the most severe is the gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity syndrome caused by the destruction of the intestinal barrier, resulting in bacterial translocation, systemic bacteremia, sepsis, and death. The lack of effective radioprotective agents capable of mitigating radiation-induced damage has prompted a search for novel countermeasures that can mitigate the effects of radiation post exposure, accelerate tissue repair in radiation-exposed individuals, and prevent mortality. We report that a single injection of regenerative peptide TP508 (rusalatide acetate, Chrysalin) 24 h after lethal radiation exposure (9 Gy, LD100/15) appears to significantly increase survival and delay mortality by mitigating radiation-induced intestinal and colonic toxicity. TP508 treatment post exposure prevents the disintegration of GI crypts, stimulates the expression of adherens junction protein E-cadherin, activates crypt cell proliferation, and decreases apoptosis. TP508 post-exposure treatment also upregulates the expression of DCLK1 and LGR5 markers of stem cells that have been shown to be responsible for maintaining and regenerating intestinal crypts. Thus, TP508 appears to mitigate the effects of GI toxicity by activating radioresistant stem cells and increasing the stemness potential of crypts to maintain and restore intestinal integrity. These results suggest that TP508 may be an effective emergency nuclear countermeasure that could be delivered within 24 h post exposure to increase survival and delay mortality, giving victims time to reach clinical sites for advanced medical treatment.
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dos Santos Filho EX, Ávila PHM, Bastos CCC, Batista AC, Naves LN, Marreto RN, Lima EM, Mendonça EF, Valadares MC. Curcuminoids from Curcuma longaL. reduced intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in mice: Bioadhesive, proliferative, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Toxicol Rep 2015; 3:55-62. [PMID: 28959523 PMCID: PMC5615374 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intestinal mucositis is a frequent limiting factor in anticancer therapy and there is currently no broadly effective treatment targeted to cure this side effect. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mucoadhesive formulation containing curcuminoids (MFC) from Curcuma longa L. on the pathogenesis of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal mucositis. Methods Three intraperitoneal 5-FU injections (200 mg/kg) were used to induce intestinal mucositis in adult Swiss male mice. Treatment was provided orally (MFC 3.75, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg), thirty minutes before 5-FU injections, daily until euthanasia. Duodenal samples were collected to perform morphometric and histopathological analysis, to investigate the expression of Ki-67, p53, Bax and Bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry, to evaluate neutrophil activity myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated and oxidative stress by malondialdehyde (MDA) determination. Mice body weight was assessed as well. Results As expected, 5-FU induced a significant weight loss (∼17%, P < 0.001), shortening in villi height (∼55.4%) and crypts depth (∼47%), and increased (∼64%) the histological severity score when compared to other groups (P < 0.05). These pathological changes were markedly alleviated by the three MFC treatment doses (P < 0.05), in special with the dose MFC 15 mg/kg. This dose also stimulated cell proliferation by ∼90% in the epithelial cells lining from villi and crypts (P < 0.05), reduced MPO levels and MDA formation by 60% and 44%, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our data suggest the therapeutic potential of the formulation for treating intestinal mucositis in mice. Supplementary studies are underway searching for the elucidation of mechanisms involved in the protective effects of MFC in order to make this formulation a clinical tool for mucositis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Caroline Cunha Bastos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Cellular Toxicology, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Nasser Naves
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Neves Marreto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Eliana Martins Lima
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Marize Campos Valadares
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Cellular Toxicology, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Corresponding author at: Faculdade de Farmácia – Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 240 esquina com 5ª Avenida, s/n, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. CEP: 74605−170.Fax: +55 62 3209 6039x202.
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Fountain MD, Abernathy LM, Lonardo F, Rothstein SE, Dominello MM, Yunker CK, Chen W, Gadgeel S, Joiner MC, Hillman GG. Radiation-Induced Esophagitis is Mitigated by Soy Isoflavones. Front Oncol 2015; 5:238. [PMID: 26557504 PMCID: PMC4617099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer patients receiving radiotherapy present with acute esophagitis and chronic fibrosis, as a result of radiation injury to esophageal tissues. We have shown that soy isoflavones alleviate pneumonitis and fibrosis caused by radiation toxicity to normal lung. The effect of soy isoflavones on esophagitis histopathological changes induced by radiation was investigated. Methods C57BL/6 mice were treated with 10 Gy or 25 Gy single thoracic irradiation and soy isoflavones for up to 16 weeks. Damage to esophageal tissues was assessed by hematoxylin–eosin, Masson’s Trichrome and Ki-67 staining at 1, 4, 10, and 16 weeks after radiation. The effects on smooth muscle cells and leukocyte infiltration were determined by immunohistochemistry using anti-αSMA and anti-CD45, respectively. Results Radiation caused thickening of esophageal tissue layers that was significantly reduced by soy isoflavones. Major radiation alterations included hypertrophy of basal cells in mucosal epithelium and damage to smooth muscle cells in muscularis mucosae as well as disruption of collagen fibers in lamina propria connective tissue with leukocyte infiltration. These effects were observed as early as 1 week after radiation and were more pronounced with a higher dose of 25 Gy. Soy isoflavones limited the extent of tissue damage induced by radiation both at 10 and 25 Gy. Conclusion Soy isoflavones have a radioprotective effect on the esophagus, mitigating the early and late effects of radiation injury in several esophagus tissue layers. Soy could be administered with radiotherapy to decrease the incidence and severity of esophagitis in lung cancer patients receiving thoracic radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Fountain
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA ; Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Lisa M Abernathy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA ; Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Fulvio Lonardo
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Shoshana E Rothstein
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Michael M Dominello
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Christopher K Yunker
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Shirish Gadgeel
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Michael C Joiner
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Gilda G Hillman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA ; Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
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Sharma P, Parmar J, Verma P, Goyal P. Radiation induced oxidative stress and its toxicity in testes of mice and their prevention by Tinospora cordifolia extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrhm.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Song L, Ma L, Cong F, Shen X, Jing P, Ying X, Zhou H, Jiang J, Fu Y, Yan H. Radioprotective effects of genistein on HL-7702 cells via the inhibition of apoptosis and DNA damage. Cancer Lett 2015; 366:100-11. [PMID: 26095601 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation induced normal tissue damage is the most important limitation for the delivery of a high potentially curative radiation dose. Genistein (GEN), one of the main soy isoflavone components, has drawn wide attention for its bioactivity in alleviating radiation damage. However, the effects and molecular mechanisms underlying the radioprotective effects of GEN remain unclear. In the present study, we showed that low concentration of GEN (1.5 µM) protected L-02 cells against radiation damage via inhibition of apoptosis, alleviation of DNA damage and chromosome aberration, down-regulation of GRP78 and up-regulation of HERP, HUS1 and hHR23A. In contrast, high concentration of GEN (20 µM) demonstrated radiosensitizing characteristics through the promotion of apoptosis and chromosome aberration, impairment of DNA repair, up-regulation of GRP78, and down-regulation of HUS1, SIRT1, RAD17, RAD51 and RNF8. These findings shed light on using low, but not high-concentration GEN, as a potential candidate for adjuvant therapy to alleviate radiation-induced injuries to human recipients of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Song
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Fengsong Cong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Xiuhua Shen
- Nutrition Department, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Pu Jing
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiong Ying
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haiyue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongye Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hosipital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongli Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hosipital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Jeong YJ, Jung MG, Son Y, Jang JH, Lee YJ, Kim SH, Ko YG, Lee YS, Lee HJ. Coniferyl aldehyde attenuates radiation enteropathy by inhibiting cell death and promoting endothelial cell function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128552. [PMID: 26029925 PMCID: PMC4452689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation enteropathy is a common complication in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiation-induced intestinal injury could be alleviated by coniferyl aldehyde (CA), an HSF1-inducing agent that increases cellular HSP70 expression. We systemically administered CA to mice with radiation enteropathy following abdominal irradiation (IR) to demonstrate the protective effects of CA against radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. CA clearly alleviated acute radiation-induced intestinal damage, as reflected by the histopathological data and it also attenuated sub-acute enteritis. CA prevented intestinal crypt cell death and protected the microvasculature in the lamina propria during the acute and sub-acute phases of damage. CA induced HSF1 and HSP70 expression in both intestinal epithelial cells and endothelial cells in vitro. Additionally, CA protected against not only the apoptotic cell death of both endothelial and epithelial cells but also the loss of endothelial cell function following IR, indicating that CA has beneficial effects on the intestine. Our results provide novel insight into the effects of CA and suggest its role as a therapeutic candidate for radiation-induced enteropathy due to its ability to promote rapid re-proliferation of the intestinal epithelium by the synergic effects of the inhibition of cell death and the promotion of endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Jeong
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Gu Jung
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jang
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Jin Lee
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Gyo Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HJL); (YSL)
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (HJL); (YSL)
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Kma L. Plant Extracts and Plant-Derived Compounds: Promising Players in Countermeasure Strategy Against Radiological Exposure: A Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2405-25. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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