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Espinoza-Gutarra M, Mohty R, Jamy O. Radiation-free conditioning in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: is it time? Chin Clin Oncol 2024; 13:29. [PMID: 38372061 DOI: 10.21037/cco-23-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Espinoza-Gutarra
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Razan Mohty
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Omer Jamy
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Dogliotti I, Levis M, Martin A, Bartoncini S, Felicetti F, Cavallin C, Maffini E, Cerrano M, Bruno B, Ricardi U, Giaccone L. Maintain Efficacy and Spare Toxicity: Traditional and New Radiation-Based Conditioning Regimens in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:865. [PMID: 38473227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Novelty in total body irradiation (TBI) as part of pre-transplant conditioning regimens lacked until recently, despite the developments in the field of allogeneic stem cell transplants. Long-term toxicities have been one of the major concerns associated with TBI in this setting, although the impact of TBI is not so easy to discriminate from that of chemotherapy, especially in the adult population. More recently, lower-intensity TBI and different approaches to irradiation (namely, total marrow irradiation, TMI, and total marrow and lymphoid irradiation, TMLI) were implemented to keep the benefits of irradiation and limit potential harm. TMI/TMLI is an alternative to TBI that delivers more selective irradiation, with healthy tissues being better spared and the control of the radiation dose delivery. In this review, we discussed the potential radiation-associated long-term toxicities and their management, summarized the evidence regarding the current indications of traditional TBI, and focused on the technological advances in radiotherapy that have resulted in the development of TMLI. Finally, considering the most recent published trials, we postulate how the role of radiotherapy in the setting of allografting might change in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dogliotti
- Allogeneic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Levis
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Aurora Martin
- Allogeneic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Bartoncini
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Felicetti
- Division of Oncological Endocrinology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavallin
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Maffini
- Hematology Institute "Seràgnoli", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Cerrano
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- Allogeneic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Umberto Ricardi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Giaccone
- Allogeneic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino", University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
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3
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Modi D, Alkassis S, Kim S, Kin A, Deol A, Ayash L, Ratanatharathorn V, Uberti JP. Allogeneic stem cell transplant outcomes between TBI-containing reduced intensity and myeloablative conditioning regimens for ALL in complete remission. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:1285-1294. [PMID: 37154379 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2206181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Total-body irradiation (TBI)-based conditioning regimen is preferred in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We retrospectively evaluated allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) outcomes of 86 adult ALL patients in complete remission (CR) who received TBI-containing reduced intensity (RIC) (Flu/Mel/TBI = 31) and myeloablative conditioning (MAC) (VP16/TBI = 47; CY/TBI = 8) between January 2005 and December 2019. All patients received peripheral blood allografts. Patients in the RIC group were older than the MAC group (61 years old versus 36 years, p < .001). Donor was 8/8 HLA-matched in 83% and unrelated in 65% of patients. Three-year survival was 56.04% for RIC and 69.9% for MAC (HR 0.64; p = .19). Propensity score-based multivariable Cox analyses (PSCA) did not demonstrate any difference in grade III-IV acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) (SHR 1.23, p = .91), chronic GVHD (SHR 0.92, p = .88), survival (HR 0.94, p = .92), and relapse-free survival (HR 0.66, p = .47) between both groups, while relapse rate was lower (SHR 0.21, p = .02) for MAC compared to RIC. Our study did not demonstrate any difference in survival for TBI-containing RIC and MAC alloSCT for adult ALL in CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipenkumar Modi
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Samer Alkassis
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Seongho Kim
- Biostatistics Core, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Kin
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Abhinav Deol
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lois Ayash
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Voravit Ratanatharathorn
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Joseph P Uberti
- Department of Oncology, Blood & Marrow Stem Cell Transplant Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Gasperetti T, Frei A, Prasad Sharma G, Pierce L, Veley D, Szalewski N, Munjal Mehta S, Fish BL, Pleimes D, Himburg HA. Delayed renal injury in survivors of hematologic acute radiation syndrome. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1130-1138. [PMID: 36688956 PMCID: PMC10313734 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2170491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A mass casualty disaster involving radiological or nuclear agents continues to be a public health concern which requires consideration of both acute and late tissue toxicities in exposed victims. With the advent of advanced treatment options for the mitigation of hematological injuries, there are likely to be survivors of total body irradiation (TBI) exposures as high as 8-10 Gy. These survivors are at risk for a range of delayed multi-organ morbidities including progressive renal failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Here, we established the WAG/RijCmcr rat as an effective model for the evaluation of medical countermeasures (MCM) for acute hematologic radiation syndrome (H-ARS). The LD50/30 dose for adult and pediatric WAG/RijCmcr rats was determined for both sexes. We then confirmed the FDA-approved MCM pegfilgrastim (peg-GCSF, Neulasta®) mitigates H-ARS in adult male and female rats. Finally, we evaluated survival and renal dysfunction up to 300 d post-TBI in male and female adult rats. RESULTS In the WAG/RijCmcr rat model, 87.5% and 100% of adult rats succumb to lethal hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) at TBI doses of 8 and 8.5 Gy, respectively. A single dose of the hematopoietic growth factor peg-GCSF administered at 24 h post-TBI improved survival during H-ARS. Peg-GCSF treatment improved 30 d survival from 12.5% to 83% at 8 Gy and from 0% to 63% at 8.5 Gy. We then followed survivors of H-ARS through day 300. Rats exposed to TBI doses greater than 8 Gy had a 26% reduction in survival over days 30-300 compared to rats exposed to 7.75 Gy TBI. Concurrent with the reduction in long-term survival, a dose-dependent impairment of renal function as assessed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine protein to urine creatinine ratio (UP:UC) was observed. CONCLUSION Together, these data show survivors of H-ARS are at risk for the development of delayed renal toxicity and emphasize the need for the development of medical countermeasures for delayed renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Gasperetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anne Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Guru Prasad Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lauren Pierce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dana Veley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathan Szalewski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Brian L Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Heather A Himburg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Ladbury C, Hao C, Yang D, Hui S, Han C, Liu A, Salhotra A, Nakamura R, Rosenthal J, Stein A, Wong J, Dandapani S. Long-term follow up of patients with hematological malignancies treated with total body irradiation using intensity modulated radiation therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1044539. [PMID: 36531001 PMCID: PMC9755353 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1044539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of modern radiation treatment technologies such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), there has been increasing interest in its use for total body irradiation (TBI) conditioning regimens for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to achieve lower doses to critical organs such as the lungs and kidneys. Although this has been reported on in early studies, long-term safety and efficacy data is limited. METHODS We performed a single institution matched-pair retrospective analysis of patients treated with IMRT TBI and standard TBI between 2010 and 2020 to provide data on long-term outcomes. Patients with hematologic malignancies, who could not tolerate standing for traditional TBI or who received prior radiation received IMRT TBI. Patients were matched based on age, diagnosis, disease status, and year of transplant, and were matched 2:1 to the standard TBI and IMRT TBI cohorts. Patient and treatment characteristics, toxicity, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), dosimetry, and outcomes were evaluated for each cohort. RESULTS A total of 13 patients met inclusion criteria for the IMRT cohort, leading to 26 patients in the standard TBI cohort. There was no significant difference in relevant clinical factors between the cohorts. Reasons for using IMRT over conventional TBI included being unable to stand (n=5), prior radiation (n=5), and pediatric patient requiring anesthesia (n=3). Among living patients, median follow-up for all patients was 5.1 years in the IMRT TBI cohort and 5.5 years in the standard TBI cohort. The 5-yr estimate of OS was 68% in the IMRT TBI cohort and 60% in the standard TBI cohort (p=0.706). The 5-yr estimate of RFS was 54% in the IMRT TBI cohort and 60% in the standard TBI cohort (p=0.529). There was no clinically significant pneumonitis, nephritis, hypothyroidism, or cataracts reported in the IMRT TBI cohort. 41.7% of patients in the IMRT TBI cohort and 79.2% of patients in the standard TBI cohort experienced Grade II-IV acute GVHD (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS IMRT TBI appears to lead to favorable long-term outcome and dosimetry, and therefore potentially improved long-term toxicity profile compared to conventional TBI. IMRT TBI warrants further investigation as part of larger prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton Ladbury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Claire Hao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Dongyun Yang
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Susanta Hui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Chunhui Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - An Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Amandeep Salhotra
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Rosenthal
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Anthony Stein
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Savita Dandapani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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Yanagi Y, Monzen H, Tamura M, Otsuka M, Nishimura Y. New strategy of a lung compensating technique with STR for total body irradiation. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2022; 23:e13791. [PMID: 36197733 PMCID: PMC9588260 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the thickness of a soft variable shape tungsten rubber (STR) as a lung compensating filter in total body irradiation. Methods A tough water (TW) phantom and tough lung (TL) phantom were used as water and lung‐equivalent phantoms. The TW with a thickness of 3 cm simulating the thoracic wall was used (upper layer). The TW or TL with a thickness from 1 to 15 cm (1 cm increments) was placed beneath the upper layer (middle layer). The TW with a thickness of 5 cm simulating the mediastinum was placed beneath the middle layer (lower layer), and a farmer ionization chamber was placed beneath this layer. The relative doses of a 10 MV X‐rays were then measured. The TL was compensated in 1 mm increments from 1 to 11 mm of the STR, and the thickness of the STR at the same dose of TW (water equivalent) was obtained. Results The compensating ability of STR increased as the thickness of the TL increased, and an STR with a thickness of 1 mm reduced the dose by 2%–4%, depending on the thickness of lung. The STR thickness as an equivalent dose of TW per cm of TL was approximately linear, and the thickness was 0.62 mm/cm of TL. Conclusion The STR can be used as a lung compensating filter for a water equivalent dose with 0.62 mm of STR per cm of lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yanagi
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hajime Monzen
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikoto Tamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Otsuka
- Department of Radiology Center, Kindai University Hospital, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
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Mizumoto M, Oshiro Y, Miyamoto T, Sumiya T, Shimizu S, Iizumi T, Saito T, Makishima H, Numajiri H, Nakai K, Okumura T, Sakae T, Maruo K, Sakurai H. Abnormal sensation during total body irradiation: a prospective observational study. J Radiat Res 2022; 63:792-795. [PMID: 35818297 PMCID: PMC9494512 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Light flash and odor during radiotherapy are well-known phenomena. Two prospective observational studies have indicated that 55% of patients observed a light flash during irradiation of the retina and 27% of patients sensed an odor during radiotherapy for the nasal cavity. A prospective observational study was performed in all patients at our hospital who received total body irradiation (TBI) between January 2019 to October 2021. Light flash and odor during TBI were examined using the same method as that used in previous studies. A total of 32 patients received TBI during the study period. The patients had a median age of 41 (18-60) years, and included 20 males and 12 females. A survey checklist showed that 14 patients (44%) sensed light and 14 patients (44%) sensed odor during TBI,. The color of the light during irradiation was yellow in six cases, white in four cases, and blue in four cases. The intensity of the light was 2-5 (median 3, 1 is very weak, 5 is very strong) and the time over which the light flash was felt was 4-60 s (median 10 s). Two patients each sensed smells of plastic, ozone and bleach, and others sensed one smell each. The intensity of the odor was 1-4 (median 3, 1 is very weak, 5 is very strong) and the time over which the odor was sensed was 1-25 s (median 3 s). We conclude that light flashes and odors are each sensed by 44% of patients during TBI. Various types of light flashes and odors were reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mizumoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Oshiro
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, 11-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575 Japan. Tel: +81-29-853-7100; Fax: +81-29-853-7102; E-mail:
| | - Toshio Miyamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Taisuke Sumiya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Shosei Shimizu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Takashi Iizumi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Makishima
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Haruko Numajiri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Kei Nakai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Okumura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Takeji Sakae
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakurai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
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Peters C, Balduzzi A, Bader P. Editorial: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the era of immunotherapy. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:959471. [PMID: 36052358 PMCID: PMC9426657 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.959471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Peters
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adriana Balduzzi
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Peter Bader
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Cattoni A, Molinari S, Riva B, Di Marco S, Adavastro M, Faraguna MC, Garella V, Medici F, Nicolosi ML, Pellegrinelli C, Lattuada M, Fraschini D, Pagni F, Biondi A, Balduzzi A. Thyroid function disorders and secondary cancer following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatrics: State of the art and practical recommendations for a risk-based follow-up. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1064146. [PMID: 36619560 PMCID: PMC9811586 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1064146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid disorders (TD) represent a remarkable share of all the late morbidities experienced following pediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with long-term reported occurrence often exceeding 70%. In addition, the data collected on wide cohorts of survivors assessed longitudinally outlined a progressive increase in the cumulative incidence of TD as far as 30 years following transplantation. Accordingly, a life-long monitoring of thyroid health is warranted among patients exposed to HSCT in childhood, in order to early detect TD and undertake a prompt dedicated treatment. Although several national and international consortia have provided recommendations for the early detection of thyroid disorders among childhood cancer survivors exposed to radiotherapy and alkylating agents, no guidelines specifically and thoroughly focused on HSCT-related TD have been published to date. As stem cell transplantation has become the standard-of-care in a growing body of non-oncological conditions, this urge has become pivotal. To highlight the challenging issues specifically involving this cohort of patients and to provide clinicians with the proposal of a practical follow-up protocol, we reviewed published literature in the light of the shared experience of a multidisciplinary team of pediatric oncologists, transplantologists, pathologists and endocrinologists involved in the long-term care of HSCT survivors. As a final result, we hereby present the proposals of a practical and customized risk-based approach to tailor thyroid health follow-up based on HSCT-related detrimental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cattoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Cattoni,
| | - Silvia Molinari
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Benedetta Riva
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Santo Di Marco
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Marta Adavastro
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Martha Caterina Faraguna
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Vittoria Garella
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Medici
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Nicolosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Claudia Pellegrinelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Martina Lattuada
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Donatella Fraschini
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Pathology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Adriana Balduzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
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10
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Balduzzi A, Buechner J, Ifversen M, Dalle JH, Colita AM, Bierings M. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in the Youngest: Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Beyond. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:807992. [PMID: 35281233 PMCID: PMC8911028 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.807992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ALL SCTped 2012 FORUM (For Omitting Radiation Under Majority age) trial compared outcomes for children ≥4 years of age transplanted for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) who were randomised to myeloablation with a total body irradiation (TBI)-based or chemotherapy-based conditioning regimen. The TBI-based preparation was associated with a lower rate of relapse compared with chemoconditioning. Nevertheless, the age considered suitable for TBI was progressively raised over time to spare the most fragile youngest patients from irradiation-related complications. The best approach to use for children <4 years of age remains unclear. Children diagnosed with ALL in their first year of life, defined as infants, have a remarkably poorer prognosis compared with older children. This is largely explained by the biology of their ALL, with infants often carrying a KMT2A gene rearrangement, as well as by their fragility. In contrast, the clinical presentations and biological features of ALL in children >1 year but <4 years often resemble those presented by older children. In this review, we explore the state of the art regarding haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children <4 years, the preparative regimens available, and new developments in the field that may influence treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Balduzzi
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Monza, Italy
| | - Jochen Buechner
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jean-Hugues Dalle
- Hôpital Robert Debré, GH AP-HP. Nord Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anca M Colita
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and BMT, Fundeni Clinical Institute, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Hoeben BAW, Wong JYC, Fog LS, Losert C, Filippi AR, Bentzen SM, Balduzzi A, Specht L. Total Body Irradiation in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Review of the Literature and Future Directions. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:774348. [PMID: 34926349 PMCID: PMC8678472 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.774348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Total body irradiation (TBI) has been a pivotal component of the conditioning regimen for allogeneic myeloablative haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in very-high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) for decades, especially in children and young adults. The myeloablative conditioning regimen has two aims: (1) to eradicate leukaemic cells, and (2) to prevent rejection of the graft through suppression of the recipient's immune system. Radiotherapy has the advantage of achieving an adequate dose effect in sanctuary sites and in areas with poor blood supply. However, radiotherapy is subject to radiobiological trade-offs between ALL cell destruction, immune and haematopoietic stem cell survival, and various adverse effects in normal tissue. To diminish toxicity, a shift from single-fraction to fractionated TBI has taken place. However, HSCT and TBI are still associated with multiple late sequelae, leaving room for improvement. This review discusses the past developments of TBI and considerations for dose, fractionation and dose-rate, as well as issues regarding TBI setup performance, limitations and possibilities for improvement. TBI is typically delivered using conventional irradiation techniques and centres have locally developed heterogeneous treatment methods and ways to achieve reduced doses in several organs. There are, however, limitations in options to shield organs at risk without compromising the anti-leukaemic and immunosuppressive effects of conventional TBI. Technological improvements in radiotherapy planning and delivery with highly conformal TBI or total marrow irradiation (TMI), and total marrow and lymphoid irradiation (TMLI) have opened the way to investigate the potential reduction of radiotherapy-related toxicities without jeopardising efficacy. The demonstration of the superiority of TBI compared with chemotherapy-only conditioning regimens for event-free and overall survival in the randomised For Omitting Radiation Under Majority age (FORUM) trial in children with high-risk ALL makes exploration of the optimal use of TBI delivery mandatory. Standardisation and comprehensive reporting of conventional TBI techniques as well as cooperation between radiotherapy centres may help to increase the ratio between treatment outcomes and toxicity, and future studies must determine potential added benefit of innovative conformal techniques to ultimately improve quality of life for paediatric ALL patients receiving TBI-conditioned HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A. W. Hoeben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Y. C. Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Lotte S. Fog
- Alfred Health Radiation Oncology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christoph Losert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea R. Filippi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Søren M. Bentzen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Adriana Balduzzi
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Clinica Paediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Li K, Epperly MW, Barreto GA, Greenberger JS, Methé BA. "Longitudinal Fecal Microbiome Study of Total Body Irradiated Mice Treated With Radiation Mitigators Identifies Bacterial Associations With Survival". Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:715396. [PMID: 34621689 PMCID: PMC8490782 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.715396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Total body irradiation (TBI) has been demonstrated to alter the intestinal microbiome, but the effects of successful small molecule ionizing radiation mitigators on the intestinal microbiome are not well-known. Our survival experiments examined the effects of anti-cell death radiation mitigators on and in conjunction with the host's microbiota. Mice received 9.25 Gy TBI and then were administered radiation mitigators 24 hours later. Passed stool were collected pre-irradiation, then on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 30 post-irradiation for 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) sequencing. The Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model was fit with taxonomic composition (time varying covariates) and treatment as predictors. In the first experiment, mice were administered drugs for "granulocyte stimulation and anti-apoptosis" in four protocol combinations: JP4-039 (anti-apoptosis), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, granulopoietic precursor cell stimulator), both mitigators, and control. Survival improved relative to control (30.0%) for G-CSF (80%, p-value = 0.025), G-CSF/JP4-039 (70%, p-value = 0.084), but not for JP4-039 (50.0%). In the second experiment, mice were administered mitigation drugs "inhibiting programmed cell death" pathways: JP4-039 (anti-apoptosis), necrostatin-1 (anti-necroptosis), and baicalein (anti-ferroptosis), in eight combinations. The survival of JP4-039/baicalein (60.0%, p-value = 0.010) and JP4-039/baicalein/necrostatin-1 (60.0%, p-value = 0.06) treatment combinations were significantly different from the control (26.7%). The JP4-039/necrostatin-1 (46.7%) and baicalein/necrostatin-1 (40.0%) and singlet treatment combinations (26.7%) were not significantly different from the control. Despite differences between the baseline microbiota compositions of the two experiments, consistent changes in composition after irradiation were found: Lactobacillus decreased post-irradiation, relative to baseline. By day 7, microbiota perturbations had incompletely reversed, and no drug-specific differences were identifiable. The CPH model identified Lactobacillus and members of Ruminococcaceae, including Ruminococcus, as protective and Akkermansia as deleterious. By day 30, the microbiota of surviving mice had not returned to baseline, but the differences between experiments suggest the resultant microbiota composition of the survivors are stochastic or batch specific in nature, rather than a requirement for survival. In conclusion, the study determined that key taxa identified in fecal samples, when applied towards the prediction of TBI survival, improves the survival model relative to treatment information alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Li
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gabriella Acosta Barreto
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Barbara A. Methé
- Center for Medicine and the Microbiome, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Matsubara H, Ezura T, Hashimoto Y, Karasawa K, Nishio T, Tsuneda M. Study of feasible and safe condition for total body irradiation using cardiac implantable electronic devices. J Radiat Res 2021:rrab088. [PMID: 34542633 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) were believed to have a tolerance dose and that direct irradiation has to be avoided. Thus, no clinical guidelines have mentioned the feasibility of total body irradiation (TBI) with a CIED directly. The purpose of this work was to study a feasible and safe condition for TBI using a CIED. Eighteen CIEDs were directly irradiated by a 6-MV X-ray beam, where a non-neutron producible beam was employed for the removal of any neutron contribution to CIED malfunction. Irradiation up to 10 Gy in accumulated dose was conducted with a 100-cGy/min dose rate, followed by up to 20 Gy at 200 cGy/min. An irradiation test of whether inappropriate ventricular shock therapy was triggered or not was also performed by using a 6-MV beam of 5, 10, 20 and 40 cGy/min to two CIEDs. No malfunction was observed during irradiation up to 20 Gy at 100 and 200 cGy/min without activation of shock therapy. These results were compared with typical TBI, suggesting that a CIED in TBI will not encounter malfunction because the prescribed dose and the dose rate required for TBI are much safer than those used in this experiment. Several inappropriate shock therapies were, however, observed even at 10 cGy/min if activated. The present result suggested that TBI was feasible and safe if a non-neutron producible beam was employed at low dose-rate without activation of shock therapy, where it was not inconsistent with clinical and non-clinical data in the literature. The feasibility of TBI while using a CIED was discussed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Matsubara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Takatomo Ezura
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yaichiro Hashimoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kumiko Karasawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Teiji Nishio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masato Tsuneda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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14
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Akahane K, Shirai K, Wakatsuki M, Suzuki M, Hatanaka S, Takahashi Y, Kawahara M, Ogawa K, Takahashi S, Oyama-Manabe N, Ashizawa M, Kimura SI, Kako S, Kanda Y. Dosimetric evaluation of ovaries and pelvic bones associated with clinical outcomes in patients receiving total body irradiation with ovarian shielding. J Radiat Res 2021; 62:918-925. [PMID: 34350969 PMCID: PMC8438484 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Total body irradiation (TBI) with ovarian shielding is expected to preserve fertility among hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients with myeloablative TBI-based regimens. However, the radiation dose to the ovaries that preserves ovarian function in TBI remains poorly understood. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether the dose to the shielded organs is associated with relapse risk. Here, we retrospectively evaluated the relationship between fertility and the dose to the ovaries, and between relapse risk and the dose to the pelvic bones. A total of 20 patients (median age, 23 years) with standard-risk hematologic diseases were included. Median follow-up duration was 31.9 months. The TBI prescribed dose was 12 Gy in six fractions for three days. Patients' ovaries were shielded with cylinder-type lead blocks. The dose-volume parameters (D98% and Dmean) in the ovaries and the pelvic bones were extracted from the dose-volume histogram (DVH). The mean ovary Dmean for all patients was 2.4 Gy, and 18 patients recovered menstruation (90%). The mean ovary Dmean for patients with menstrual recovery and without recovery were 2.4 Gy and 2.4 Gy, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.998). Hematological relapse was observed in five patients. The mean pelvis Dmean and pelvis D98% for relapse and non-relapse patients were 11.6 Gy and 11.7 Gy and 5.6 Gy and 5.3 Gy, respectively. Both parameters showed no significant difference (P = 0.827, 0.807). In conclusion, TBI with ovarian shielding reduced the radiation dose to the ovaries to 2.4 Gy, and preserved fertility without increasing the risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Akahane
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Shirai
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Correspondence. Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847, Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan, E-mail:
| | - Masaru Wakatsuki
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Shogo Hatanaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-8550, Japan
| | - Yuta Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ogawa
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Noriko Oyama-Manabe
- Department of Radiology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ashizawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 350-8550, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kako
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kanda
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 350-8550, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
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15
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Jurgensen KJ, Skinner WKJ, Oronsky B, Abrouk ND, Graff AE, Landes RD, Culp WE, Summers TA, Cary LH. RRx-001 Radioprotection: Enhancement of Survival and Hematopoietic Recovery in Gamma-Irradiated Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:676396. [PMID: 33967816 PMCID: PMC8100686 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.676396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present studies evaluate the in vivo prophylactic radioprotective effects of 1-bromoacetyl-3, 3-dinitroazetidine (RRx-001), a phase III anticancer agent that inhibits c-myc and downregulates CD-47, after total body irradiation (TBI), in lethally and sublethally irradiated CD2F1 male mice. A single dose of RRx-001 was administered by intraperitoneal (IP) injection 24 h prior to a lethal or sublethal radiation dose. When irradiated with 9.35 Gy, the dose lethal to 70% of untreated mice at 30 days (LD70/30), only 33% of mice receiving RRx-001 (10 mg/kg) 24 h prior to total body irradiation (TBI) died by day 30, compared to 67% in vehicle-treated mice. The same pretreatment dose of RRx-001 resulted in a significant dose reduction factor of 1.07. In sublethally TBI mice, bone marrow cellularity was increased at day 14 in the RRx-001-treated mice compared to irradiated vehicle-treated animals. In addition, significantly higher numbers of lymphocytes, platelets, percent hematocrit and percent reticulocytes were observed on days 7 and/or 14 in RRx-001-treated mice. These experiments provide proof of principle that systemic administration of RRx-001 prior to TBI significantly improves overall survival and bone marrow regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Jurgensen
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - William K J Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Andrew E Graff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Reid D Landes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - William E Culp
- Director, Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas A Summers
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lynnette H Cary
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
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16
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Sabloff M, Tisseverasinghe S, Babadagli ME, Samant R. Total Body Irradiation for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: What Can We Agree on? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:903-917. [PMID: 33617507 PMCID: PMC7985756 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Total body irradiation (TBI), used as part of the conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation, is the delivery of a relatively homogeneous dose of radiation to the entire body. TBI has a dual role, being cytotoxic and immunosuppressive. This allows it to eliminate disease and create “space” in the marrow while also impairing the immune system from rejecting the foreign donor cells being transplanted. Advantages that TBI may have over chemotherapy alone are that it may achieve greater tumour cytotoxicity and better tissue penetration than chemotherapy as its delivery is independent of vascular supply and physiologic barriers such as renal and hepatic function. Therefore, the so-called “sanctuary” sites such as the central nervous system (CNS), testes, and orbits or other sites with limited blood supply are not off-limits to radiation. Nevertheless, TBI is hampered by challenging logistics of administration, coordination between hematology and radiation oncology departments, increased rates of acute treatment-related morbidity and mortality along with late toxicity to other tissues. Newer technologies and a better understanding of the biology and physics of TBI has allowed the field to develop novel delivery systems which may help to deliver radiation more safely while maintaining its efficacy. However, continued research and collaboration are needed to determine the best approaches for the use of TBI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Sabloff
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | | | - Mustafa Ege Babadagli
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Rajiv Samant
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
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17
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Teruel JR, Taneja S, Galavis PE, Osterman KS, McCarthy A, Malin M, Gerber NK, Hitchen C, Barbee DL. Automatic treatment planning for VMAT-based total body irradiation using Eclipse scripting. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021; 22:119-130. [PMID: 33565214 PMCID: PMC7984467 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to establish an automated approach for a multiple isocenter volumetric arc therapy (VMAT)‐based TBI treatment planning approach. Five anonymized full‐body CT imaging sets were used. A script was developed to automate and standardize the treatment planning process using the Varian Eclipse v15.6 Scripting API. The script generates two treatment plans: a head‐first VMAT‐based plan for upper body coverage using four isocenters and a total of eight full arcs; and a feet‐first AP/PA plan with three isocenters that covers the lower extremities of the patient. PTV was the entire body cropped 5 mm from the patient surface and extended 3 mm into the lungs and kidneys. Two plans were generated for each case: one to a total dose of 1200 cGy in 8 fractions and a second one to a total dose of 1320 cGy in 8 fractions. Plans were calculated using the AAA algorithm and 6 MV photon energy. One plan was created and delivered to an anthropomorphic phantom containing 12 OSLDs for in‐vivo dose verification. For the plans prescribed to 1200 cGy total dose the following dosimetric results were achieved: median PTV V100% = 94.5%; median PTV D98% = 89.9%; median lungs Dmean = 763 cGy; median left kidney Dmean = 1058 cGy; and median right kidney Dmean = 1051 cGy. For the plans prescribed to 1320 cGy total dose the following dosimetric results were achieved: median PTV V100% = 95.0%; median PTV D98% = 88.7%; median lungs Dmean = 798 cGy; median left kidney Dmean = 1059 cGy; and median right kidney Dmean = 1064 cGy. Maximum dose objective was met for all cases. The dose deviation between the treatment planning dose and the dose measured by the OSLDs was within ±4%. In summary, we have demonstrated that scripting can produce high‐quality plans based on predefined dose objectives and can decrease planning time by automatic target and optimization contours generation, plan creation, field and isocenter placement, and optimization objectives setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Teruel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sameer Taneja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paulina E Galavis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Allison McCarthy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha Malin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naamit K Gerber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine Hitchen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - David L Barbee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Beach T, Authier S, Javitz HS, Wong K, Bakke J, Gahagen J, Bunin DI, Chang PY. Total body irradiation models in NHPs - consideration of animal sex and provision of supportive care to advance model development. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:126-130. [PMID: 33259246 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1844335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Harmonized animal models are an indispensable tool for the development of safe and effective medical countermeasures (MCMs) against radiation injury, and rhesus macaques (referred herein as NHPs) play a critical role in FDA approval of radiation medical countermeasures for acute and delayed radiation syndromes. Reliance on such models requires that they be well characterized, which consists, in part, of a reproducible dose to mortality response relationship (DRR). However, data describing the DRR for both male and female NHPs from the same study are scarce. Furthermore, the level of supportive care and the use of blood transfusions may shift the DRR, yet such information can be difficult to compare across publications. To address these knowledge gaps, the DRRs of two different NHP total body irradiation (TBI) models are compared in this paper, one which is reliant on the use of male animals provided blood transfusions, and the other which incorporates both sexes wherein animals are not provided transfusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were conducted using NHPs (Macacca mulatta) receiving TBI, with survival reported over a 60 days. Two primary studies, incorporating both male and female animals not receiving blood transfusions as a provision of supportive care, were compared to two previously published studies, which incorporated only male animals provided blood transfusions as a part of the supportive care regimen. Criterion for euthanasia, and all other provisions of supportive care were comparable. Linear probit plots estimating the lethal dose (LD) and upper and lower limits of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% mortality, were compared between individual studies and the two models presented. RESULTS Comparison of probit estimates reveals two important findings. (1) Females have higher mortality than males at identical radiation doses, and (2) blood transfusions increased survival of male animals at lower doses but not at high doses of radiation exposure. CONCLUSIONS The use of single sex animal models may lead to an incomplete understanding of potential sex differences in the dose to mortality response of the TBI model. Consistent use of both sexes and type of supportive care will improve the transferability and reliability of NHP-TBI models currently in use, assist in the selection of radiation doses for single dose lethality studies, and allow investigators to determine the effectiveness of a particular MCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karen Wong
- Charles River Laboratories, Laval, Canada
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Doyle-Eisele M, Brower J, Aiello K, Ferranti E, Yaeger M, Wu G, Weber W. Developing and comparing models of hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome in Göttingen and Sinclair minipigs. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:S73-S87. [PMID: 32909874 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1820604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current animal models of hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) are resource intensive and have limited translation to humans, thereby inhibiting the development of effective medical countermeasures (MCM)s for radiation exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS To improve the MCM pipeline, we developed models of H-ARS in male Göttingen and Sinclair minipigs. Weight matched Göttingens and Sinclairs received total body irradiation (TBI; 1.50-2.10 Gy and 1.94-2.90 Gy, respectively), were observed for up to 45 days with blood collections for clinical pathology analysis, and were examined during gross necropsy. RESULTS The lethal dose for 50% of the population over the course of 45 days (LD50/45) with 'field' supportive care (primarily antibiotics and hydration support) and implanted vascular access ports was 1.89 and 2.53 Gy for Göttingens and Sinclairs, respectively. Both minipig strains exhibited prototypical H-ARS characteristics, experiencing thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, and nadirs approximately 14 days following irradiation, slightly varying with dose. Both strains experienced increased bruising, petechia, and signs of internal hemorrhage in the lungs, GI, heart, and skin. All observations were noted to correlate with dose more closely in Sinclairs than in Göttingens. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide a template for future MCM development in an alternate species, and support further development of the Göttingen and Sinclair minipig H-ARS models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guodong Wu
- Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Tendler II, Bredfeldt JS, Zhang R, Bruza P, Jermyn M, Pogue BW, Gladstone DJ. Technical Note: Quality assurance and relative dosimetry testing of a 60 Co total body irradiator using optical imaging. Med Phys 2019; 46:3674-3678. [PMID: 31152565 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to create an optical imaging-based system for quality assurance (QA) testing of a dedicated Co-60 total body irradiation (TBI) machine. Our goal is to streamline the QA process by minimizing the amount time necessary for tests such as verification of dose rate and field homogeneity. METHODS Plastic scintillating rods were placed directly on the patient treatment couch of a dedicated TBI 60 Co irradiator. A tripod-mounted intensified camera was placed directly adjacent to the couch. Images were acquired over a 30-s period once the cobalt source was fully exposed. Real-time image filtering was used; cumulative images were flatfield corrected as well as background and darkfield subtracted. Scintillators were used to measure light-radiation field correspondence, dose rate, field homogeneity, and symmetry. Dose rate effects were measured by modifying the height of the treatment couch and scintillator response was compared to ionization chamber (IC) measurements. Optically stimulated luminesce detector (OSLD) used as reference dosimeters during field symmetry and homogeneity testing. RESULTS The scintillator-based system accurately reported changes in dose rate. When comparing normalized output values for IC vs scintillators over a range of source-to-surface distances, a linear relationship (R2 = 0.99) was observed. Normalized scintillator signal matched OSLD measurements with <1.5% difference during field homogeneity and symmetry testing. Beam symmetry across both axes of the field was within 2%. The light field was found to correspond to 90 ± 3% of the isodose maximum along the longitudinal and latitudinal axis, respectively. Scintillator imaging output results using a single image stack requiring no postexposure processing (needed for OSLD) or repeat manual measurements (needed for IC). CONCLUSION Imaging of scintillation light emission from plastic rods is a viable and efficient method for carrying out TBI 60 Co irradiator QA. We have shown that this technique can accurately measure field homogeneity, symmetry, light-radiation field correspondence, and dose rate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin I Tendler
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jeremy S Bredfeldt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rongxiao Zhang
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Petr Bruza
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,DoseOptics LLC, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Michael Jermyn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,DoseOptics LLC, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,DoseOptics LLC, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - David J Gladstone
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Pathak R, Shah SK, Hauer-Jensen M. Therapeutic potential of natural plant products and their metabolites in preventing radiation enteropathy resulting from abdominal or pelvic irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:493-505. [PMID: 30526224 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1552374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury or radiation enteropathy is an imminent risk during radiation therapy of abdominal or pelvic tumors. Despite remarkable technological advancements in image-guided radiation delivery techniques, the risk of intestinal injury after radiotherapy for abdominal or pelvic cancers has not been completely eliminated. The irradiated intestine undergoes varying degrees of adverse structural and functional changes, which can result in transient or long-term complications. The risk of development of enteropathy depends on dose, fractionation, and quality of radiation. Moreover, the patients' medical condition, age, inter-individual sensitivity to radiation and size of the treatment area are also risk factors of radiation enteropathy. Therefore, strategies are needed to prevent radiotherapy-induced undesirable alteration in the gastrointestinal tract. Many natural plant products, by virtue of their plethora of biological activities, alleviate the adverse effects of radiation-induced injury. The current review discusses potential roles and possible mechanisms of natural plant products in suppressing radiation enteropathy. Natural plant products have the potential to suppress intestinal radiation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Pathak
- a Division of Radiation Health Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Sumit K Shah
- b College of Medicine Department of Pathology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- a Division of Radiation Health Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
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Shimazaki S, Kazukawa I, Ishida M, Minagawa M. Thyroid nodules and long-term follow-up among childhood cancer survivors who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2018; 27:75-79. [PMID: 29662266 PMCID: PMC5897582 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.27.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid nodules have been observed in childhood cancer survivors (CCS) treated with
chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We report four patients with thyroid nodules identified
during the long-term follow-up of children who underwent hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation (HSCT). The thyroid nodules were diagnosed as adenomatous goiter in all
four patients. The interval between the primary cancer diagnosis and the occurrence of the
thyroid nodules was more than 10 yr. Furthermore, all four patients underwent HSCT in
conditioning with total body irradiation (TBI) before the age of 10 yr. Two of four
patients commenced treatment with levothyroxine due to elevated TSH levels. Only two
patients showed elevated thyroglobulin levels (> 70 µg/L). In conclusion, we suggest
that CCS who have undergone HSCT in conditioning with TBI more than 10 yr previously
should be followed up carefully for thyroid nodules using ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itsuro Kazukawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maine Ishida
- Department of Endocrinology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Minagawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Symons K, Morrison C, Parry J, Woodings S, Zissiadis Y. Volumetric modulated arc therapy for total body irradiation: A feasibility study using Pinnacle 3 treatment planning system and Elekta Agility™ linac. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2018; 19:103-110. [PMID: 29368389 PMCID: PMC5849856 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was undertaken to explore the use of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for total body irradiation (TBI). Five patient plans were created in Pinnacle3 using nine 6 MV photon dynamic arcs. A dose of 12 Gy in six fractions was prescribed. The planning target volume (PTV) was split into four subsections for the head, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. The head and chest beams were optimized together, followed by the abdomen and pelvis beams. The last stage of the planning process involved turning all beams on and performing a final optimization to achieve a clinically acceptable plan. Beam isocenters were shifted by 3 or 5 mm in the left-right, anterior-posterior, and superior-inferior directions to simulate the effect of setup errors on the dose distribution. Treatment plan verification consisted of ArcCheck measurements compared to calculated doses using a global 3%/3 mm gamma analysis. All five patient plans achieved the planning aim of delivering 12 Gy to at least 90% of the target. The mean dose in the PTV was 12.7 Gy. Mean lung dose was restricted to 8 Gy, and a dose reduction of up to 40% for organs such as the liver and kidneys proved feasible. The VMAT technique was found to be sensitive to patient setup errors particularly in the superior-inferior direction. The dose predicted by the planning system agreed with measured doses and had an average pass rate of 99.2% for all arcs. VMAT was found to be a viable treatment technique for total body irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Symons
- Genesis Cancer Care WADepartment of Radiation OncologyFiona Stanley HospitalMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Colm Morrison
- Genesis Cancer Care WADepartment of Radiation OncologyFiona Stanley HospitalMurdochWAAustralia
- School of PhysicsThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Jason Parry
- Genesis Cancer Care WADepartment of Radiation OncologyFiona Stanley HospitalMurdochWAAustralia
| | - Simon Woodings
- Genesis Cancer Care WADepartment of Radiation OncologyFiona Stanley HospitalMurdochWAAustralia
- Department of RadiotherapyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Zissiadis
- Genesis Cancer Care WADepartment of Radiation OncologyFiona Stanley HospitalMurdochWAAustralia
- School of SurgeryThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
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Zhang P, Wang B, Chen X, Cvetkovic D, Chen L, Lang J, Ma CM. Local Tumor Control and Normal Tissue Toxicity of Pulsed Low-Dose Rate Radiotherapy for Recurrent Lung Cancer: An In Vivo Animal Study. Dose Response 2015; 13:1559325815588507. [PMID: 26675811 PMCID: PMC4674173 DOI: 10.1177/1559325815588507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates (1) local tumor control and (2) normal tissue toxicity of pulsed low-dose rate radiotherapy (PLDR) for recurrent lung cancer. METHODS For study 1, nude mice were implanted with A549 tumors and divided into the following 3 groups: (1) control (n = 10), (2) conventional radiotherapy (RT; n = 10), and (3) PLDR (n = 10). Tumor-bearing mice received 2 Gy daily dose for 2 consecutive days. Weekly magnetic resonance imaging was used for tumor growth monitoring. For study 2, 20 mice received 8 Gy total body irradiation either continuously (n = 10) or 40 × 0.2 Gy pulses with 3-minute intervals (n = 10). RESULTS For study 1, both conventional RT and PLDR significantly inhibited the growth of A549 xenografts compared with the control group (>35% difference in the mean tumor volume; P < .05). The PLDR results were slightly better than conventional RT (8% difference in the mean tumor volume; P > .05). For study 2, the average weight was 20.94 ± 1.68 g and 25.69 ± 1.27 g and the survival time was 8 days and 12 days for mice treated with conventional RT and PLDR (P < .05), respectively. CONCLUSION This study showed that PLDR could control A549 tumors as effectively as conventional RT, and PLDR induced much less normal tissue toxicity than conventional RT. Thus, PLDR would be a good modality for recurrent lung cancers. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This article reports our results of an in vivo animal investigation of PLDR for the treatment of recurrent cancers, which may not be eligible for treatment because of the dose limitations on nearby healthy organs that have been irradiated in previous treatments. This was the first in vivo study to quantify the tumor control and normal tissue toxicities of PLDR using mice with implanted tumors, and our findings provided evidence to support the clinical trials that employ PLDR treatment techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Radiation Oncology Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Radiation Oncology Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dusica Cvetkovic
- Radiation Oncology Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lili Chen
- Radiation Oncology Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinyi Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - C-M Ma
- Radiation Oncology Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Oelkrug C, Hilger N, Schönfelder U, Boltze J, Sack U, Fricke C, Hildebrandt G, Keller T, Emmrich F, Fricke S. Modelling hematological parameters after total body irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:538-46. [PMID: 24605769 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.899443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The time- and dose-dependent reconstitution of hematopoiesis after radiation exposure is strongly related to the stem cell population and can be used to predict hematological parameters. These parameters allow further insight into the hematopoietic system and might lead to the development of novel stem cell transplantation models. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD4-/- C57Bl/6 mice, transgenic for human CD4 and HLA-DR3, were irradiated in a single (3, 6, 8 and 12 Gy) and fractionated (6 × 1 Gy, 6 × 1.5 Gy, 6 × 2 Gy; twice daily) dose regimen. Blood was analyzed weekly for red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (HCT) and white blood cells (WBC). Organ and tissue damage after irradiation were examined by histopathology. RESULTS The recovery curves for RBC, Hb, HCT and WBC showed the same velocity (< 1 week) for all radiation doses (3-12 Gy) starting at different, dose-dependent times. The only dose-dependent parameter was defined by the beginning of the recovery process (dose-dependent shift) and higher doses were related to a later recovery of the hematopoietic system. The RBC, Hb and HCT recovery was followed by a saturation curve reaching a final concentration independent of the radiation dose. Histological analysis of the bone marrow in the single dose cohort showed a dose-dependent reduction of the cellularity in the bone marrow cavities. The fractioned radiation dose cohort resulted in a regeneration of all bone marrow cavities. CONCLUSION Specific functions were developed to describe the reconstitution of hematological parameters after total body irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Oelkrug
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI) , Leipzig , Germany
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