1
|
Beyoğlu D, Popov YV, Idle JR. The Metabolomic Footprint of Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2024; 13:1333. [PMID: 39195223 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Both experimental and clinical liver fibrosis leave a metabolic footprint that can be uncovered and defined using metabolomic approaches. Metabolomics combines pattern recognition algorithms with analytical chemistry, in particular, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms. The analysis of liver fibrosis by each of these methodologies is reviewed separately. Surprisingly, there was little general agreement between studies within each of these three groups and also between groups. The metabolomic footprint determined by NMR (two or more hits between studies) comprised elevated lactate, acetate, choline, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, histidine, methionine, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and citrate. For GC-MS, succinate, fumarate, malate, ascorbate, glutamate, glycine, serine and, in agreement with NMR, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and citrate were delineated. For LC-MS, only β-muricholic acid, tryptophan, acylcarnitine, p-cresol, valine and, in agreement with NMR, phosphocholine were identified. The metabolomic footprint of liver fibrosis was upregulated as regards glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, citrate and phosphocholine. Several investigators employed traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments to reverse experimental liver fibrosis, and a commentary is given on the chemical constituents that may possess fibrolytic activity. It is proposed that molecular docking procedures using these TCM constituents may lead to novel therapies for liver fibrosis affecting at least one-in-twenty persons globally, for which there is currently no pharmaceutical cure. This in-depth review summarizes the relevant literature on metabolomics and its implications in addressing the clinical problem of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and its sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diren Beyoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
| | - Yury V Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Idle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Shao B, Yu C, Yao Q, Ma P, Li H, Li B, Sun C. Energy disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to α-amatoxin-induced liver function damage and liver failure. Toxicol Lett 2021; 336:68-79. [PMID: 33098907 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom toxicity is the main branch of foodborne poisoning, and liver damage caused by amatoxin poisoning accounts for more than 90 % of deaths due to mushroom poisoning. Alpha-amatoxin (α-AMA) has been considered the primary toxin from amatoxin-containing mushrooms, which is responsible for hepatotoxicity and death. However, the mechanism underlying liver failure due to α-AMA remains unclear. This study constructed animal and cell models. In the animal experiments, we investigated liver injury in BALB/c mice at different time points after α-AMA treatment, and explored the process of inflammatory infiltration using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Then, a metabonomics method based on gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) was established to study the effect of α-AMA on liver metabonomics. The results showed a significant difference in liver metabolism between the exposed and control mice groups that coincided with pathological and biochemical indicators. Moreover, 20 metabolites and 4 metabolic pathways related to its mechanism of action were identified, which suggested that energy disorders related to mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of the causes of death. The significant changes of trehalose and the fluctuation of LC3-II and sqstm1 p62 protein levels indicated that autophagy was also involved in the damage process, suggesting that autophagy may participate in the clearance process of damaged mitochondria after poisoning. Then, we constructed an α-AMA-induced human normal liver cells (L-02 cells) injury model. The above hypothesis was further verified by detecting cell necrosis, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m), and cellular ATP level. Collectively, our results serve as direct evidence of elevated in vivo hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in α-AMA-exposed mice and suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the early stage of α-AMA induced liver failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing, China.
| | - Chengmin Yu
- Yunnan Chuxiong People's Hospital, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China.
| | - Qunmei Yao
- Yunnan Chuxiong People's Hospital, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China.
| | - Peibin Ma
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Haijiao Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengye Sun
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29th Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei P, Hao L, Thomas S, Buchberger AR, Steinke L, Marker PC, Ricke WA, Li L. Urinary Amine Metabolomics Characterization with Custom 12-Plex Isobaric DiLeu Labeling. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1854-1860. [PMID: 32678615 PMCID: PMC7484200 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is common in aging males. Disease etiology is largely unknown but likely includes inflammation and age-related changes in steroid hormones. Diagnosis is currently based on subjective symptom scores, and mainstay treatments can be ineffective and bothersome. Biomarker discovery efforts could facilitate objective diagnostic criteria for personalized medicine and new potential druggable pathways. To identify urine metabolite markers specific to hormone-induced bladder outlet obstruction, we applied our custom synthesized multiplex isobaric tags to monitor the development of bladder outlet obstruction across time in an experimental mouse model of LUTS. Mouse urine samples were collected before treatment and after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of steroid hormone treatment and subsequently analyzed by nanoflow ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Accurate and high-throughput quantification of amine-containing metabolites was achieved by 12-plex DiLeu isobaric labeling. Metandem, a novel online software tool for large-scale isobaric labeling-based metabolomics, was used for identification and relative quantification of labeled metabolites. A total of 59 amine-containing metabolites were identified and quantified, 9 of which were changed significantly by the hormone treatment. Metabolic pathway analyses showed that three metabolic pathways were potentially disrupted. Among them, the arginine and proline metabolism pathway was significantly dysregulated both in this model and in a prior analysis of LUTS patient samples. Proline and citrulline were significantly changed in both samples and serve as attractive candidate biomarkers. The 12-plex DiLeu isobaric labeling with Metandem data processing presents an accessible and efficient workflow for an amine-containing metabolome study in biological specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Samuel Thomas
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Amanda Rae Buchberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Laura Steinke
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Paul C. Marker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - William A. Ricke
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
- Corresponding Author: Prof. Lingjun Li, School of Pharmacy & Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, . Phone: (608)265-8491, Fax: (608)262-5345
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H. Advances in anti hepatic fibrotic therapy with Traditional Chinese Medicine herbal formula. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112442. [PMID: 31891799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The process of liver fibrogenesis includes a number of common and etiology-dependent or independent mechanisms and events. Up to now, there are still insufficient approved biological or chemical therapies directly targeting and reversing advanced fibrosis. The key is that once liver fibrosis is triggered, it presents a complex network control model with the activation of HSCs as the core, resulting in poor efficacy of treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in treating hepatic fibrosis because of its syndrome differentiation and treatment and comprehensive pharmacological effects of multi-channel, multi-level and multi-target. However, TCM's advantages were rarely discussed as previous reviews focused on the active ingredients of TCM and single Chinese Medicine. Therefore, this paper focuses on TCM herbal formulae's pharmacological role, target and related mechanisms in the treatment of liver fibrosis. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper will focus on the pharmacological role, target and related mechanisms of TCM herbal formulae in the treatment of liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collect English literatures or Chinese literatures with English Abstract on the treatment of liver fibrosis with TCM herbal formulae from databases including PubMed, Wiley InterScience, Science Direct OnSite/Elsevier, Ovid, Excerpta Medica Database, SpringLink, CNKI and China Biomedical Literature Database. Based on previous literatures, we summarize the TCM herbal formulae with definite anti-hepatic fibrosis effects. RESULTS To some extent, classical or modern TCM herbal formulae including Yinchenhao Decoction (YCHD), Xiayuxue Decoction (XYXD), Xiaochaihutang (XCHT), Yiguanjian Decoction (YGJ), Huangqi Decoction (HQD), Dahuang Zhechong Pills (DHZC), Fuzheng Huayu Formula (FZHY), Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablets (FFBJRG), Anluo Huaxian Pills (ALHX) and Compound 861 (Cpd861) have anti-hepatic fibrosis effect both on patients with liver fibrosis and animal models with liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION According to the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, Liver fibrosis patients with different syndromes are treated with different herbal formula, which increases the difficulty of clinical efficacy research. YCHD and XYXD research lack randomized and controlled clinical trials. XCHT, YGJ and HQD research has small sample sizes despite randomized and controlled clinical trials. In contrast, most modern herbal formulae have randomized and controlled clinical trials. For instance, FZHY and ALHX recently published the research results of the combination of entecavir in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Compared to anti-viral treatment with entecavir alone, this method has improved the reversion rate of liver fibrosis but still needs syndrome classification therapy of TCM. TCM Herbal formulae have a good prospect in treating liver fibrosis, but its composition of multiple drugs and a wide range of targets intensify the difficulty of studying their anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanisms. Future research needs to further study the anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanisms and select corresponding TCM herbal formula to treat patients with different syndromes of liver fibrosis or the same patient with different syndromes at different stages to achieve better curative results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Active Ingredients and Action Mechanisms of Yi Guan Jian Decoction in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Liver Fibrosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2408126. [PMID: 31565062 PMCID: PMC6745137 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2408126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim The progression of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is currently insufficiently controlled worldwide. The Yi Guan Jian decoction (YGJD) has been widely used in the treatment of liver fibrosis in CHB cases. Although animal studies have reported the antifibrotic effects of the decoction, the active ingredients of the YGJD remain unknown. This study aimed at identifying the potential active ingredients and exploring the mechanisms of action (MOA) of the decoction when treating CHB patients with fibrosis. Methods Using data mining techniques and a structural clustering analysis, the potential active ingredients were determined. A network analysis of the differentially expressed genes was conducted to identify the potential targets. Selected compounds were docked to the potential targets for the compound-target interaction simulation. In vitro validation, including a cell proliferation assay and Western blot analysis, was conducted to evaluate the prediction results. Results In the microarray data, 224 differentially expressed genes related to liver fibrosis were considered to be potential targets. Thirty active ingredients of the YGJD and 15 main targets and relevant pathways were identified. Among them, two active ingredients, methylophiopogonone A and 8-geranyloxypsoralen, were validated as exhibiting antifibrotic effects on hepatic stellate cells. Conclusions We identified the potential active ingredients of the YGJD and proposed the possible explanation for the MOA in the treatment of CHB patients with liver fibrosis. Moreover, this study provides a methodological reference for the systematic investigation of the bioactive compounds and related MOA of a traditional Chinese medicine formula in a clinical context.
Collapse
|
6
|
Di S, Wang Y, Han L, Bao Q, Gao Z, Wang Q, Yang Y, Zhao L, Tong X. The Intervention Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on the Intestinal Flora and Its Metabolites in Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:2958920. [PMID: 31275408 PMCID: PMC6582858 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2958920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS), which includes metabolic disorders such as protein disorder, glucose disorder, lipid disorder, and carbohydrate disorder, has been growing rapidly around the world. Glycolipid disorders are a main type of metabolic syndrome and are characterized by abdominal obesity and abnormal metabolic disorders of lipid, glucose, and carbohydrate utilization, which can cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Glycolipid disorders are closely related to intestinal flora and its metabolites. However, studies about the biological mechanisms of the intestinal flora and its metabolites with glycolipid disorders have not been clear. When glycolipid disorders are treated with drugs, a challenging problem is side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and dietary supplements have fewer side effects to treat it. Numerous basic and clinical studies have confirmed that TCM decoctions, Chinese medicine monomers, or compounds can treat glycolipid disorders and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we reviewed the relationship between the intestinal flora and its metabolites in glycolipid metabolic disorders and the effect of TCM in treating glycolipid metabolic disorders through the intestinal flora and its metabolites. This review provides new perspectives and strategies for future glycolipid disorders research and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Di
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Qi Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 518034, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Y, Zhao C, Liu X, Wu G, Zhong J, Zhao T, Li J, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Wei Y. Plumbagin ameliorates liver fibrosis via a ROS-mediated NF-кB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:108923. [PMID: 31154269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate plumbagin (PL) on liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to establish a rat liver fibrosis model, primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated from the rat liver, and fibrosis-related indicators were detected. RESULTS The results revealed that PL significantly prevented CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, as evidenced by the attenuation of histopathological changes, the decrease of MDA and the increase of SOD and GSH-P X . In addition, PL downregulated the mRNA levels of NOX4 and procollagen I; the protein expression levels of NOX4 and p-IκB; and the transcriptional activity of NF-κB in liver fibrosis rats. Moreover, PL significantly decreased ROS expression, protein expression of α-SMA and collagen III, and activation of NF-κB and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in IL-1β-stimulated HSCs in vitro. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate that PL can mitigate liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo, which may be related to the ROS-mediated NF-кB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Guanyi Wu
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Junxuan Li
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Yuning Lin
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Yanping Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Yanfei Wei
- Department of Physiology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Ma LT, Li J, Qiao Y, Liu JY, Wang J, Ren QY, Hu JT, Zheng J. Anti-fibrotic Effects and Mechanism of Shengmai Injection () on Human Hepatic Stellate Cells LX-2. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 25:197-202. [PMID: 30467694 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Shengmai Injection (, SMI) on the proliferation, apoptosis and N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2, a tumour suppressor gene) expression in varying densities of human hepatic stellate cells LX-2. METHODS LX-2 cells were cultured in vitro. Then, cells were plated in 96-well plates at an approximate density of 2.5×104 cells/mL and cultured for 48, 72, 96 or 120 h followed by the application of different concentrations of SMI (0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 or 6 μL/mL). Cell proliferation was measured after an additional 24 or 48 h using the 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effects of SMI on different cell growth states (cultured for 48, 72, 96, or 120 h) were observed by light microscopy at 24 h after treatment. When the cells reached 80% conflfluence, apoptosis was detected by flflow cytometry after 24 h. Lastly, LX-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of SMI and extracted with protein lysis buffer. The levels of NDRG2 were measured by Western blot. RESULTS When the LX-2 cells grew for 48, 72, 96 and 120 h, 4.8 and 6 μL/mL of SMI significantly inhibited cell proliferation at 24 and 48 h after treatment (P<0.05). And 2.4 μL/mL of SMI also inhibited cell proliferation at 24 h after treatment when cell growth for 48 h (P<0.05) and at 48 h after treatment when cell growth for 72, 96 and 120 h (P<0.05). The NDRG2 expression level in the LX-2 cell was significantly increased when treated with SMI at concentrations of 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 or 6 μL/mL (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The inhibitory effects of SMI on the proliferation of LX-2 cells were related to not only concentration dependent but also cell density. In addition, SMI (2.4, 4.8 and 6 μL/mL) could accelerate apoptosis in LX-2 cells, and the mechanism might be associated with NDRG2 over-expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Li-Tian Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The 986 Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Student Brigade, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jun-Ye Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qin-You Ren
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jin-Tao Hu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Zhang M, Li H, Zhao H, Wang F, He Q, Zhang T, Wang S. Serum metabonomics study of the hepatoprotective effect of amarogentin on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice by GC-TOF-MS analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 149:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
10
|
Jiang H, Liu J, Qin XJ, Chen YY, Gao JR, Meng M, Wang Y, Wang T. Gas chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry-based metabonomics of changes in the urinary metabolic profile in osteoarthritic rats. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2777-2785. [PMID: 29599826 PMCID: PMC5867455 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore changes in the urinary metabolic spectrum in rats with knee osteoarthritis, using gas chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) to determine the metabonomic disease pathogenesis. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control and model groups (n=8/group), and 20 µl of 4% papain and 0.03 M L-cysteine was injected into the right knee on days 1, 3 and 7 to establish the knee osteoarthritis model. Following 14 days, urine was collected over 12 h and cartilage ultrastructural damage was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. GC-TOF/MS, combined with principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant modeling and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant modeling, was used to analyze the changes in the metabolic spectrum trajectory and to identify potential biomarkers and their related metabolic pathways. Compared with the control group, the synovial cell lining of the knee joint exhibited proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber hyperplasia in the knee osteoarthritis group. A total of 23 potential biomarkers were identified, including alanine, α-ketoglutarate, asparagine, maltose and glutamine. Furthermore, metabolomic pathogenesis of osteoarthritis may be related to disorders of amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Rong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Mei Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230038, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Serum and Liver Tissue Metabonomic Study on Fatty Liver in Rats Induced by High-Fat Diet and Intervention Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qushi Huayu Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6242697. [PMID: 29018486 PMCID: PMC5605908 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6242697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Qushi Huayu Decoction (QSHY), clinically derived, consists of five crude drugs, commonly used in treating fatty liver in a clinical setting. However, little is known about its metabolomics study. Herein, the serum and liver tissue metabolomics approach, based on gas chromatography coupled to spectrometry (GC/MS), was employed to evaluate the efficacy and the mechanism underlying QSHY in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced fatty liver. With pattern recognition analysis of serum and liver tissue metabolite profile, a clear separation of model group and control group was acquired for serum and liver tissue samples, respectively. The QSHY group showed a predisposition towards recovery mimicking the control group, which was in agreement with the biochemical alterations and histological results. 23 candidate biomarkers were identified in the serum and liver tissue samples that were utilized for exploring the underlying mechanism. The present study suggests that QSHY has significant anti-fatty liver effects on high-fat diet-induced fatty liver in rats, which might be attributed to regulating the dysfunction of beta-alanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and citrate cycle. Thus, metabolomics is a useful tool in the evaluation of the efficacy and elucidation of the mechanism underlying the complex traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Metabolomics highlights pharmacological bioactivity and biochemical mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:133-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
13
|
Jiang H, Qin XJ, Li WP, Ma R, Wang T, Li ZQ. Effects of Shu Gan Jian Pi formula on rats with carbon tetrachloride‑induced liver fibrosis using serum metabonomics based on gas chromatography‑time of flight mass spectrometry. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3901-3909. [PMID: 29067456 PMCID: PMC5646968 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common stage in the majority of chronic liver diseases, regardless of the etiology, and its progression may lead to hepatic cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolomics, a powerful approach in systems biology, is a discipline used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the small molecule metabolites of cells at specific times and under certain conditions. The present study aimed to investigate serum metabolic changes following Shu Gan Jian Pi formula (SGJPF) treatment of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats using gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). In addition, the potential mechanisms were explored. Rat liver fibrosis was induced by twice-weekly subcutaneous CCl4 injection for 12 continuous weeks. During the same period, the SGJPF group received 16.2 g/kg body weight SGJPF, diluted in water, once a day for 12 weeks. Rats in the control and model groups received oral administration of the same volume of saline solution. Serum samples from the control, model and SGJPF groups were collected after 12 weeks of treatment, and metabolic profile alterations were analyzed by GC-TOF/MS. Metabolic profile analysis indicated that clustering differed between the three groups and the following 12 metabolites were detected in the serum of all three groups: Isoleucine; L-malic acid; D-erythro-sphingosine; putrescine; malonic acid; 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose, α-ketoglutaric acid; ornithine; glucose; hippuric acid; tetrahydrocorticosterone; and fucose. The results demonstrated that SGJPF treatment mitigated the effects of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis on biomarker levels, thus indicating that SGJPF may have a therapeutic effect on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. The mechanism may involve the regulation of energy, amino acid, sphingolipid, cytochrome P450, glucose and water-electrolyte metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Rong Ma
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhu-Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao J, Qin XJ, Jiang H, Chen JF, Wang T, Zhang T, Xu SZ, Song JM. Detecting serum and urine metabolic profile changes of CCl 4-liver fibrosis in rats at 12 weeks based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1496-1504. [PMID: 28810615 PMCID: PMC5525970 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is caused by liver injury induced by a number of chronic liver diseases, including schistosome infection, hepatitis infection, metabolic disease, alcoholism and cholestasis. The tissue damage occurring after injury or inflammation of the liver is a reversible lesion; however, liver fibrosis has become a worldwide problem and poses a threat to human health. The development of an effective drug for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis is ongoing and uses information from different occurrences of liver fibrosis. In the present study, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced metabonomic changes in serum and urine at 12 weeks were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to investigate potential biomarkers. Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by subcutaneous injections of CCl4 twice a week for 12 consecutive weeks. Histopathological changes were used to assess the successful production of a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis model. Serum and urine samples from the two groups were collected at 12 weeks. The metabolic profile changes were analyzed by GC/MS alongside principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures. Metabolic profile studies indicated that the clustering of the two groups could be separated and seven metabolites in serum and five metabolites in urine were identified. In serum, the metabolites identified included isoleucine, L-malic acid, α-copper, carnitine, hippuric acid, glutaric acid and glucose. In urine 2-hydroxy butyric acid, isoleucine, N-acetyl-β-alanine, cytidine and corticoid were identified. The present study demonstrated that the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis may be associated with the dysfunction of a number of metabolic pathways, including glucose, amino acid, P450, fatty acid, nucleic acid, water-electrolyte and glutathione biosynthesis. Assessing potential biomarkers may therefore provide novel targets and theories for the innovation of novel drugs to prevent and cure liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Zhi Xu
- College of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Mei Song
- College of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gabr SA, Alghadir AH, Sherif YE, Ghfar AA. Hydroxyproline as a Biomarker in Liver Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7675-3_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
|
16
|
Jiang H, Song JM, Gao PF, Qin XJ, Xu SZ, Zhang JF. Metabolic characterization of the early stage of hepatic fibrosis in rat using GC-TOF/MS and multivariate data analyses. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 27859443 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy; The first affiliated hospital of Anhui university of Chinese medicine; Hefei China
- College of Basic Medicine; Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Jun-mei Song
- Department of Pharmacy; The first affiliated hospital of Anhui university of Chinese medicine; Hefei China
| | - Peng-fei Gao
- College of Pharmacy; Dali University; Dali China
| | - Xiu-juan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy; The first affiliated hospital of Anhui university of Chinese medicine; Hefei China
| | - Shuang-zhi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy; The first affiliated hospital of Anhui university of Chinese medicine; Hefei China
| | - Jia-fu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy; The first affiliated hospital of Anhui university of Chinese medicine; Hefei China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Embade N, Mariño Z, Diercks T, Cano A, Lens S, Cabrera D, Navasa M, Falcón-Pérez JM, Caballería J, Castro A, Bosch J, Mato JM, Millet O. Metabolic Characterization of Advanced Liver Fibrosis in HCV Patients as Studied by Serum 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155094. [PMID: 27158896 PMCID: PMC4861296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several etiologies result in chronic liver diseases including chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV). Despite its high incidence and the severe economic and medical consequences, liver disease is still commonly overlooked due to the lack of efficient non-invasive diagnostic methods. While several techniques have been tested for the detection of fibrosis, the available biomarkers still present severe limitations that preclude their use in clinical diagnostics. Liver diseases have also been the subject of metabolomic analysis. Here, we demonstrate the suitability of 1H NMR spectroscopy for characterizing the metabolism of liver fibrosis induced by HCV. Serum samples from HCV patients without fibrosis or with liver cirrhosis were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and the results were submitted to multivariate and univariate statistical analysis. PLS-DA test was able to discriminate between advanced fibrotic and non-fibrotic patients and several metabolites were found to be up or downregulated in patients with cirrhosis. The suitability of the most significantly regulated metabolites was validated by ROC analysis. Our study reveals that choline, acetoacetate and low-density lipoproteins are the most informative biomarkers for predicting cirrhosis in HCV patients. Our results demonstrate that statistical analysis of 1H-NMR spectra is able to distinguish between fibrotic and non-fibrotic patients suffering from HCV, representing a novel diagnostic application for NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoe Mariño
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ainara Cano
- ONE WAY LIVER METABOLOMICS SL, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sabela Lens
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Navasa
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M. Falcón-Pérez
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Joan Caballería
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jaume Bosch
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ex Vivo Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1-Mediated Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Hepatocytes Is Enhanced by Chinese Medicine Yiguanjian Drug-Containing Serum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7380439. [PMID: 27190538 PMCID: PMC4848422 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7380439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Yiguanjian is administered in traditional Chinese medicine for liver diseases and has been demonstrated to reduce liver fibrosis. This study investigated the effect of Yiguanjian drug-containing serum (YGJ) with Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) on the differentiation of murine bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BM-MSCs) into hepatocytes in vitro. Adherent MSCs were isolated from murine bone marrow. Differentiation was induced by 20 ng/mL HGF, 50 ng/mL SDF-1, and 20% Yiguanjian drug-containing serum for 7 to 28 days, and mature hepatocytes' marker albumin (ALB) and cholangiocytes' marker cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) were assessed by immunocytochemistry and western blot. BM-MSCs exhibited homogeneous spindle shape growth after subculture and stained positive for CD90 and negative for CD34. After induction with HGF + normal serum or YGJ for 14 days, HGF + SDF-1 + normal serum for 7 days, or HGF + SDF-1 + YGJ for 5 days, MSCs' morphology changed gradually and begun to resemble hepatocyte-like cells. Cultures supplemented with HGF + SDF-1 + YGJ contained significantly higher proportions of ALB and CK-18 positive cells than cultures supplemented with HGF + SDF-1 + normal serum at day 7. These observations corroborated the results of western blot. In conclusion, Yiguanjian drug-containing serum could facilitate the differentiation of murine BM-MSCs into hepatocytes in vitro and has a synergistic effect with SDF-1 and HGF.
Collapse
|
19
|
Serum Metabolomic Characterization of Liver Fibrosis in Rats and Anti-Fibrotic Effects of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang. Molecules 2016; 21:E126. [PMID: 26805802 PMCID: PMC6273494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) is a famous Chinese medicine formula which has long been used in clinical practice for treating various liver diseases, such as liver fibrosis. However, to date, the mechanism for its anti-fibrotic effects remains unclear. In this paper, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS)-based metabolomic study was performed to characterize dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in rats and evaluate the therapeutic effects of YCHT. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the model group was well separated from the control group, whereas the YCHT-treated group exhibited a tendency to restore to the controls. Seven significantly changed fibrosis-related metabolites, including unsaturated fatty acids and lysophosphatidylcholines (Lyso-PCs), were identified. Moreover, statistical analysis demonstrated that YCHT treatment could reverse the levels of most metabolites close to the normal levels. These results, along with histological and biochemical examinations, indicate that YCHT has anti-fibrotic effects, which may be due to the suppression of oxidative stress and resulting lipid peroxidation involved in hepatic fibrogenesis. This study offers new opportunities to improve our understanding of liver fibrosis and the anti-fibrotic mechanisms of YCHT.
Collapse
|
20
|
Shi J, Cao B, Wang XW, Aa JY, Duan JA, Zhu XX, Wang GJ, Liu CX. Metabolomics and its application to the evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of traditional Chinese herb medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1026:204-216. [PMID: 26657802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herb medicines (TCHMs) have been used in the treatment of a variety of diseases for thousands of years in Asian countries. The active components of TCHMs usually exert combined synergistic therapeutic effects on multiple targets, but with less potential therapeutic effect based on routine indices than Western drugs. These complex effects make the assessment of the efficacy of TCHMs and the clarification of their underlying mechanisms very challenging, and therefore hinder their wider application and acceptance. Metabolomics is a crucial part of systems biology. It allows the quantitative measurement of large numbers of the low-molecular endogenous metabolites involved in metabolic pathways, and thus reflects the fundamental metabolism status of the body. Recently, dozens of metabolomic studies have been devoted to prove the efficacy/safety, explore the underlying mechanisms, and identify the potential biomarkers to access the action targets of TCHMs, with fruitful results. This article presents an overview of these studies, focusing on the progress made in exploring the pharmacology and toxicology of various herbal medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Pharmacy Department, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Pharmacy Department, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Ye Aa
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Zhu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Xiao Liu
- Research Center of New Drug Evaluation, The National Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chang CM, Chu HT, Wei YH, Chen FP, Wang S, Wu PC, Yen HR, Chen TJ, Chang HH. The Core Pattern Analysis on Chinese Herbal Medicine for Sjögren's syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9541. [PMID: 25923413 PMCID: PMC5386216 DOI: 10.1038/srep09541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This large-scale survey aimed to evaluate frequencies and patterns of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) used for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in Taiwan by analyzing the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) for cases in which CHM was used as an alternative therapy to Western medicine for improving patients' discomforts. We analyzed cases of SS principal diagnosis (ICD-9:710.2) with a catastrophic illness certificate (CIC) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) outpatient clinics from three cohorts of the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) in the NHIRD between 2002 and 2011. CHM prescription patterns for SS were evaluated from claimed visitation files and corresponding prescription files. There were 15,914 SS patients with CIC (SS/CIC), and we found only 130 SS/CIC cases visiting TCM clinics in LHID2000, 133 in LHID2005, and 126 in LHID2010. After removing duplicate data, 366 SS/CIC and 4,867 visits were analyzed. The 50–59 year age group showed the highest ratio (29.51%) in both women and men. “Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan” and “Xuan-Shen” (Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.) was the most commonly used formula and single herb, respectively. “Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan, Gan-Lu-Yin, Xuan-Shen, Mai-Men-Dong (Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl.), and Sheng-Di-Huang (raw Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch)” were the core pattern prescriptions in treating SS/CIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Mao Chang
- 1] Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ting Chu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Pey Chen
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shengwen Wang
- Cloud Computing and System Integration Division, National Center for High-Performance Computing, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology and Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, and School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- 1] Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, and School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu LY, Feng B, Chen J, Tan QR, Chen ZX, Chen WS, Wang PR, Zhang ZJ. Herbal medicine for hospitalized patients with severe depressive episode: a retrospective controlled study. J Affect Disord 2015; 170:71-7. [PMID: 25233242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicine is increasingly used in depressed patients. The purpose of this retrospective controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine treatment of severe depressive episode. A total of 146 severely depressed subjects were selected from patients who were admitted to the Department of Psychosomatics of Tongde Hospital at Hangzhou, China between 1st September 2009 and 30th November 2013. While all were medicated with psychotropic drugs, 78 received additional individualized herbal medicine. The severity of depressive symptoms was measured using 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-24) at admission and thereafter once weekly during hospital stay. The proportion of patients achieving clinical response and remission and incidence of adverse events were compared. The two groups had similar average length of hospital stay for approximately 28 days and were not different in the use of psychotropic medications. Survival analysis revealed that patients with herbal medicine had significantly higher chance of achieving clinical response [relative risk (RR)=2.179, P<0.001] and remission (RR=5.866, P<0.001) compared to those without herbal medicine. Patients with herbal medicine experienced remarkably fewer incidences of physical tiredness, headache, palpitation, dry mouth and constipation, but had a significantly higher incidence of digestive discomfort compared to patients without herbal medicine. These results indicate that additional treatment with individualized herbal medicine enhances antidepressant response and reduces certain side effects associated with psychotropic medications. Herbal medicine is an effective and relatively safe therapy for severe depressive episode (Trial Registration: ChiCTR-OCH-13003864).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ying Liu
- Department of Psychosomatics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Psychosomatics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-Rong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi׳an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng-Xin Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Song Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei-Rong Wang
- Department of Psychosomatics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hu Y, Kong W, Yang X, Xie L, Wen J, Yang M. GC-MS combined with chemometric techniques for the quality control and original discrimination of Curcumae longae rhizome: analysis of essential oils. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:404-11. [PMID: 24311554 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumae longae rhizome is a widely used traditional herb in many countries. Various geographical origins of this herb might lead to diversity or instability of the herbal quality. The objective of this work was to establish the chemical fingerprints for quality control and find the chemical markers for discriminating these herbs from different origins. First, chemical fingerprints of essential oil of 24 C. longae rhizome from four different geographical origins in China were determined by GC-MS. Then, pattern recognition techniques were introduced to analyze these abundant chemical data in depth; hierarchical cluster analysis was used to sort samples into groups by measuring their similarities, and principal component analysis and partial least-squares discriminate analysis were applied to find the main chemical markers for discriminating these samples. Curcumae longae rhizome from Guangxi province had the highest essential oil yield (4.32 ± 1.45%). A total of 46 volatile compounds were identified in total. Consistent results were obtained to show that C. longae rhizome samples could be successfully grouped according to their origins, and turmerone, ar-turmerone, and zingiberene were the characteristic components for discriminating these samples of various geographical origins and for quality control. This finding revealed that fingerprinting analysis based on GC-MS coupled with chemometric techniques could provide a reliable platform to discriminate herbs from different origins, which is a benefit for quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|