1
|
Pardo-Rodriguez D, Cifuentes-López A, Bravo-Espejo J, Romero I, Robles J, Cuervo C, Mejía SM, Tellez J. Lupeol Acetate and α-Amyrin Terpenes Activity against Trypanosoma cruzi: Insights into Toxicity and Potential Mechanisms of Action. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8050263. [PMID: 37235311 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease is a potentially fatal disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. There is growing scientific interest in finding new and better therapeutic alternatives for this disease's treatment. METHODS A total of 81 terpene compounds with potential trypanocidal activity were screened and found to have potential T. cruzi cysteine synthase (TcCS) inhibition using molecular docking, molecular dynamics, ADME and PAIN property analyses and in vitro susceptibility assays. RESULTS Molecular docking analyses revealed energy ranges from -10.5 to -4.9 kcal/mol in the 81 tested compounds, where pentacyclic triterpenes were the best. Six compounds were selected to assess the stability of the TcCS-ligand complexes, of which lupeol acetate (ACLUPE) and α-amyrin (AMIR) exhibited the highest stability during 200 ns of molecular dynamics analysis. Such stability was primarily due to their hydrophobic interactions with the amino acids located in the enzyme's active site. In addition, ACLUPE and AMIR exhibited lipophilic characteristics, low intestinal absorption and no structural interferences or toxicity. Finally, selective index for ACLUPE was >5.94, with moderate potency in the trypomastigote stage (EC50 = 15.82 ± 3.7 μg/mL). AMIR's selective index was >9.36 and it was moderately potent in the amastigote stage (IC50 = 9.08 ± 23.85 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS The present study proposes a rational approach for exploring lupeol acetate and α-amyrin terpene compounds to design new drugs candidates for Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pardo-Rodriguez
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Grupo de Productos Naturales, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima 730006299, Colombia
| | | | - Juan Bravo-Espejo
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Ibeth Romero
- Escuela de Pregrados, Dirección Académica, Vicerrectoría de Sede, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede, De La Paz 202010, Colombia
| | - Jorge Robles
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Claudia Cuervo
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Sol M Mejía
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Jair Tellez
- Escuela de Pregrados, Dirección Académica, Vicerrectoría de Sede, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede, De La Paz 202010, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prajapati J, Rao P, Poojara L, Acharya D, Patel SK, Goswami D, Rawal RM. A Comprehensive in vitro and in silico Assessment on Inhibition of CYP51B and Ergosterol Biosynthesis by Eugenol in Rhizopus oryzae. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:47. [PMID: 36538133 PMCID: PMC9764306 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucormycosis, also known as Zygomycosis, is a disease caused by invasive fungi, predominantly Rhizopus species belonging to the Order of Mucorales. Seeing from the chemistry perspective, heterocyclic compounds with an "azole" moiety are widely employed as antifungal agent for minimising the effect of mucormycosis as a prescribed treatment. These azoles serve as non-competitive inhibitors of fungal CYP51B by predominantly binding to its heme moiety, rendering its inhibition. However, long-term usage and abuse of azoles as antifungal medicines has resulted in drug resistance among certain fungal pathogens. Hence, there is an unmet need to find alternative therapeutic compounds. In present study, we used various in vitro tests to investigate the antifungal activity of eugenol against R. oryzae/R. arrhizus, including ergosterol quantification to test inhibition of ergosterol production mediated antifungal action. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value obtained for eugenol was 512 μg/ml with reduced ergosterol concentration of 77.11 ± 3.25% at MIC/2 concentration. Further, the molecular interactions of eugenol with fungal CYP51B were meticulously studied making use of proteomics in silico study including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations that showed eugenol to be strongly interacting with heme in an identical fashion to that shown by azole drugs (in this case, clotrimazole was evaluated). This is the first of a kind study showing the simulation study of eugenol with CYP51B of fungi. This inhibition results in ergosterol synthesis and is also studied and compared with keeping clotrimazole as a reference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh Prajapati
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Priyashi Rao
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Lipi Poojara
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Dhaval Acharya
- Department of Microbiology, B N Patel Institute of Paramedical and Sciences, Anand, Gujarat 388001 India
| | - Saumya K. Patel
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| | - Rakesh M. Rawal
- grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India ,grid.411877.c0000 0001 2152 424XDepartment of Life Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Bark Contains High Contents of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207054. [PMID: 36296647 PMCID: PMC9612253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The global population is aging, and intervention strategies for anti-aging and the prevention of aging-related diseases have become a topic actively explored today. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important molecule in the metabolic process, and its content in tissues and cells decreases with age. The supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), an important intermediate and precursor of NAD+, has increased NAD+ levels, and its safety has been demonstrated in rodents and human studies. However, the high content of NMN in natural plants has not been fully explored as herbal medicines for drug development. Here, we identified that the leaf of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl (C. verum) was the highest NMN content among the Plant Extract Library (PEL) with food experience, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). To validate this result, the extraction and quantitative analysis of bark, leaf, root, and stem of fresh C. verum was conducted. The results revealed that the bark had the highest NMN content in C. verum (0.471 mg/100 g). Our study shed light on the prospects of developing natural plants in the context of NMN as drugs for anti-aging and prevention of aging-related diseases. The future should focus on the development and application of C. verum pharmaceutical formulations.
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of Thymus vulgaris and Cinnamomum verum Essential Oils on bap and ica Gene Expression in Staphylococcus aureus. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid-122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus can cause a variety of infectious diseases, mainly due to its ability to shift between the planktonic and the biofilm lifestyle. Biofilm infections present a serious problem in human medicine. Biofilm-associated protein (bap) and intercellular adhesin (ica) genes are involved in biofilm formation. Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of Thymus vulgaris and Cinnamomum verum essential oils on biofilm formation and expression of icaA, icaD, and bap genes in S. aureus strains. Methods: A total of 20 strains of S. aureus were isolated from the urine of patients. The susceptibility test was performed to determine the effect of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of thyme and cinnamon essential oils on strains by broth dilution method. The expression of icaA and icaD genes was determined by measuring the cognate messenger ribonucleic acid level using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The biofilm formation of strains after treatment with the MIC of thyme essential oil was observed as 40% weak and 60% negative biofilms, and with the MIC of cinnamon essential oil as 25% strong and 75% moderate biofilms. Real-time PCR demonstrated that 60% of S. aureus strains treated with thyme and cinnamon essential oils showed a decrease in icaA gene expression. Moreover, 55% and 70% of the strains treated with thyme and cinnamon essential oils had reduced icaD gene expression, respectively. None of the strains of S. aureus had a bap gene. Conclusions: The present study showed that thyme and cinnamon essential oils reduce the expression of icaA and icaD genes, and cinnamon essential oil is more effective than thyme essential oil.
Collapse
|
5
|
Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from Cinnamomum verum bark extract inhibited cell growth and induced caspase-mediated apoptosis in oral cancer KB cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
6
|
Pardo-Rodriguez D, Lasso P, Mateus J, Mendez J, Puerta CJ, Cuéllar A, Robles J, Cuervo C. A terpenoid-rich extract from Clethra fimbriata exhibits anti- Trypanosoma cru zi activity and induces T cell cytokine production. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09182. [PMID: 35368545 PMCID: PMC8968664 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, a worldwide public health concern, is a chronic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Considering T. cruzi chronic persistence correlates with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell dysfunction and the safety and efficacy profiles of Benznidazol and Nifurtimox, the two drugs currently used for its etiological treatment, are far from ideal, the search of new trypanocidal treatment options is a highly relevant issue. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the trypanocidal effect and cytokine production induction of three extracts (hexane, dichloromethane and hydroalcoholic) obtained from Clethra fimbriata, a plant traditionally used as a febrifuge in Colombia. Additionally, the extracts’ major components with the highest trypanocidal activity were determined. It was evidenced C. fimbriata hexane extract exhibited the highest activity capable of inhibiting the three parasite developmental stages with an IC50/EC50 of 153.9 ± 29.5 (epimastigotes), 39.3 ± 7.2 (trypomastigotes), and 45.6 ± 10.5 (amastigotes) μg/mL, presenting a low cytotoxicity in VERO cells with a selectivity index ranging from 6.49 to 25.4. Moreover, this extract induced trypomastigote apoptotic death and inhibited parasite cell infection. The extract also induced IFN-γ and TNF production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as de novo production of the cytotoxic molecules granzyme B and perforin in CD8+ T cells from healthy donors. Fatty acids and terpenes represented C. fimbriata key compounds. Thus, the trypanocidal activity and cytokine production induction of the hexane extract may be associated with terpene presence, particularly, triterpenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pardo-Rodriguez
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Productos Naturales, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Paola Lasso
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Mateus
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John Mendez
- Grupo de Productos Naturales, Universidad del Tolima, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Concepción J Puerta
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Cuéllar
- Grupo en Ciencias de Laboratorio Clínico, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Robles
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Cuervo
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaushik N, Oh H, Lim Y, Kumar Kaushik N, Nguyen LN, Choi EH, Kim JH. Screening of Hibiscus and Cinnamomum Plants and Identification of Major Phytometabolites in Potential Plant Extracts Responsible for Apoptosis Induction in Skin Melanoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:779393. [PMID: 34957073 PMCID: PMC8704398 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.779393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a major concern that severely affects the human population. Owing to persistent demand for novel therapies to treat and prohibit this lethal disease, research interest among scientists is drawing its huge focus toward natural products, as they have minimum toxicity comparable with existing treatment methods. The plants produce secondary metabolites, which are known to have the anticancer potential for clinical drug development. Furthermore, the use of nanocarriers could boost the solubility and stability of phytocompounds to obtain site-targeting delivery. The identification of potential phytochemicals in natural compounds would be beneficial for the synthesis of biocompatible nanoemulsions. The present study aimed to investigate the potential cytotoxicity of ethanol extracts of Hibiscus syriacus and Cinnamomum loureirii Nees plant parts on human skin melanoma (G361) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. Importantly, biochemical analysis results showed the presence of high phenol (50-55 µgGAE/mg) and flavonoids [42-45 µg quercetin equivalents (QE)/mg] contents with good antioxidant activity (40-58%) in C. loureirii Nees plants extracts. This plant possesses potent antiproliferative activity (60-90%) on the malignant G361 and A549 and cell lines correlated with the production of nitric oxide. Especially, C. loureirii plant extracts have major metabolites that exhibit cancer cell death associated with cell cycle arrest. These findings support the potential application of Cinnamomum for the development of therapeutic nanoemulsion in future cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Hyunji Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Yeasol Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Linh Nhat Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Plasma Technology, Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sarangi A, Das BS, Patnaik G, Sarkar S, Debnath M, Mohan M, Bhattacharya D. Potent anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory activity of some bioactive molecules of Indian ethnomedicinal plants that have the potential to enter in TB management. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1578-1599. [PMID: 33772980 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases of human civilization. Approximately one-third of global population is latently infected with the TB pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). The discovery of anti-TB antibiotics leads to decline in death rate of TB. However, the evolution of antibiotic-resistant M.tb-strain and the resurgence of different immune-compromised diseases re-escalated the death rate of TB. WHO has already cautioned about the chances of pandemic situation in TB endemic countries until the discovery of new anti-tubercular drugs, that is, the need of the hour. Analysing the pathogenesis of TB, it was found that M.tb evades the host by altering the balance of immune response and affects either by killing the cells or by creating inflammation. In the pre-antibiotic era, traditional medicines were only therapeutic measures for different infectious diseases including tuberculosis. The ancient literatures of India or ample Indian traditional knowledge and ethnomedicinal practices are evidence for the treatment of TB using different indigenous plants. However, in the light of modern scientific approach, anti-TB effects of those plants and their bioactive molecules were not established thoroughly. In this review, focus has been given on five bioactive molecules of different traditionally used Indian ethnomedicinal plants for treatment of TB or TB-like symptom. These compounds are also validated with proper identification and their mode of action with modern scientific approaches. The effectiveness of these molecules for sensitive or drug-resistant TB pathogen in clinical or preclinical studies was also evaluated. Thus, our specific aim is to highlight such scientifically validated bioactive compounds having anti-mycobacterial and immunomodulatory activity for future use as medicine or adjunct-therapeutic molecule for TB management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sarangi
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - B S Das
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - G Patnaik
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sarkar
- Barsal High School, Rampurhat, West Bengal, India
| | - M Debnath
- Panskura Banamali College (Autonomous), Vidyasagar University, Panskura, West Bengal, India
| | - M Mohan
- ICMR-National Institute of Malarial Research (NIMR), New Delhi, India
| | - D Bhattacharya
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sarto MPM, Lucas da Silva HF, de Souza Fernandes N, de Abreu AP, Zanusso Junior G, de Ornelas Toledo MJ. Essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum and Zingiber officinale, administered alone or in combination with benznidazole, reduce the parasite load in mice orally inoculated with Trypanosoma cruzi II. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:77. [PMID: 33632196 PMCID: PMC7908772 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD) or American trypanosomiasis, an important public health problem in Latin America. Benznidazole (BZ), a drug available for its treatment, has limited efficacy and significant side effects. Essential oils (EOs) have demonstrated trypanocidal activity and may constitute a therapeutic alternative. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the EOs of clove (CEO - Syzygium aromaticum) and ginger (GEO - Zingiber officinale), administered alone and in combination with BZ, in Swiss mice infected with T. cruzi. METHODS The animals were inoculated with 10,000 blood trypomastigotes of the Y strain of T. cruzi II by gavage and divided into four groups (n = 12 to 15): 1) untreated control (NT); 2) treated with BZ; 3) treated with CEO or GEO; and 4) treated with BZ + CEO or GEO. The treatments consisted of oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day, from the 5th day after parasite inoculation, for 20 consecutive days. All groups were submitted to fresh blood examination (FBE), blood culture (BC), conventional PCR (cPCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR), before and after immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide. RESULTS Clove and ginger EOs, administered alone and in combination with BZ, promoted suppression of parasitemia (p < 0.0001), except for the animals treated with CEO alone, which presented a parasitemia curve similar to NT animals. However, there was a decrease in the BC positivity rate (p < 0.05) and parasite load (< 0.0001) in this group. Treatment with GEO alone, on the other hand, besides promoting a decrease in the BC positivity rate (p < 0.05) and parasite load (p < 0.01), this EO also resulted in a decrease in mortality rate (p < 0.05) of treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Decreased parasite load, as detected by qPCR, was observed in all treatment groups (BZ, CEO, GEO and BZ + EOs), demonstrating benefits even in the absence of parasitological cure, thus opening perspectives for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Paula Mansano Sarto
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Hevillyn Fernanda Lucas da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Nilma de Souza Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Abreu
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Gerson Zanusso Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Max Jean de Ornelas Toledo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900 Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900 Brazil
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Jardim Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Silva MV, Silva SA, Teixera TL, De Oliveira A, Morais SA, Da Silva CV, Espindola LS, Sousa RM. Essential oil from leaves of Eugenia calycina Cambes: Natural larvicidal against Aedes aegypti. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1202-1208. [PMID: 32789937 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eugenia calycina is an endemic species in the Brazilian savannah (the Cerrado) and it is threatened with extinction. Several species of Eugenia are used as insecticides or insect repellents. No data are available on the larvicidal activity of E. calycina. The chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from leaves of Eugenia calycina was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae in the third stage of development was studied. RESULTS Oxygenated and non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes were identified, and the main compounds were bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol, and β-caryophyllene. The EO was fractionated in a chromatographic column and three compounds were isolated and identified: spathulenol, aromadendrane-4β,10α-diol, and 1β-11-dihydroxy-5-eudesmene. It is the first time that the last two compounds have been identified in E. calycina. The exposure times in the larvicidal test were 24 h and 48 h and the LC50 values obtained were 199.3 and 166.4 μg mL-1 . The cytotoxicity of the EO in mammalian cells (HeLa and Vero) was evaluated for 24 and 48 h of incubation. The cytotoxic concentrations of the EO for HeLa and Vero cells (266.8 ± 46.5 and 312.1 ± 42.5 μg mL-1 , respectively) in 48 h of exposure were higher than the LC50 , showing low cytotoxicity at the concentration exhibiting larvicidal activity, resulting in a positive selectivity index. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the EO of E. calycina showed high activity against the A. aegypti larvae but lower cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. The leaves of E. calycina are therefore a very promising source of natural larvicidal products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vsg Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Sheila A Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Thaise Lara Teixera
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Alberto De Oliveira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Al Morais
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Claudio Vieira Da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Laila S Espindola
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Raquel Mf Sousa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Castañeda JS, Suta-Velásquez M, Mateus J, Pardo-Rodriguez D, Puerta CJ, Cuéllar A, Robles J, Cuervo C. Preliminary chemical characterization of ethanolic extracts from Colombian plants with promising anti - Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Exp Parasitol 2021; 223:108079. [PMID: 33524381 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, and it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Latin America. There are no vaccines, and the chemotherapy available to treat this infection has serious side effects. In a search for alternative treatments, we determined the in vitro susceptibility of epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi and the cytotoxic effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of ethanolic extracts obtained from six different plant species. The ethanolic extracts of Ageratina vacciniaefolia, Clethra fimbriata and Siparuna sessiliflora showed antiprotozoal activity against epimastigotes and low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. However, only the ethanolic extract of C. fimbriata showed activity against T. cruzi trypomastigotes, and it had low cytotoxicity in PBMCs. An analysis on the phytochemical composition of C. fimbriata extract showed that its metabolites were primarily represented by two families of compounds: flavonoids and terpenoids. Lastly, we analyzed whether the A. vacciniaefolia, C. fimbriata, or S. sessiliflora ethanolic extracts induced IFN-γ or TNF-α production. Significantly, ethanolic extracts of C. fimbriata induced TNF-α production and S. sessiliflora induced both cytokines. In addition, C. fimbriata and S. sessiliflora induced the simultaneous secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α in CD8+ T cells. The antiprotozoal and immunomodulatory activity of C. fimbriata may be related to the presence of flavonoid and triterpene compounds in the extract. Thus, these findings suggest that C. fimbriata may represent a valuable source of new bioactive compounds for the therapeutic treatment of Chagas disease that combines trypanocidal activity with the capacity to boost the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sebastián Castañeda
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Suta-Velásquez
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jose Mateus
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel Pardo-Rodriguez
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Concepción J Puerta
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Cuéllar
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Robles
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Claudia Cuervo
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Almeida JM, Nunes FO, Ceole LF, Klimeck TDF, da Cruz LA, Tófoli D, Borges BS, Garcez WS, Tozetti IA, Medeiros LCS, Garcez FR, Ferreira AMT. Synergistic effect and ultrastructural changes in Trypanosoma cruzi caused by isoobtusilactone A in short exposure of time. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245882. [PMID: 33507972 PMCID: PMC7842926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Butanolides have shown a variety of biological effects including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal effects against certain strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Considering the lack of an effective drug to treat T. cruzi infections and the prominent results obtained in literature with this class of lactones, we investigated the anti-T. cruzi activity of five butanolides isolated from two species of Lauraceae, Aiouea trinervis and Mezilaurus crassiramea. Initially, the activity of these compounds was evaluated on epimastigote forms of the parasite, after a treatment period of 4 h, followed by testing on amastigotes, trypomastigotes, and mammalian cells. Next, the synergistic effect of active butanolides against amastigotes was evaluated. Further, metacyclogenesis inhibition and infectivity assays were performed for the most active compound, followed by ultrastructural analysis of the treated amastigotes and trypomastigotes. Among the five butanolides studied, majoranolide and isoobtusilactone A were active against all forms of the parasite, with good selectivity indexes in Vero cells. Both butanolides were more active than the control drug against trypomastigote and epimastigote forms and also had a synergic effect on amastigotes. The most active compound, isoobtusilactone A, which showed activity against all tested strains inhibited metacyclogenesis and infection of new host cells. In addition, ultrastructural analysis revealed that this butanolide caused extensive damage to the mitochondria of both amastigotes and trypomastigotes, resulting in severe morphological changes in the infective forms of the parasite. Altogether, our results highlight the potential of butanolides against the etiologic agent of Chagas disease and the relevance of isoobtusilactone A as a strong anti-T. cruzi drug, affecting different events of the life cycle and all evolutionary forms of parasite after a short period of exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Menta de Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Biologia Molecular e Bioensaios do Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Oliveira Nunes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais Bioativos do Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Lígia Fernanda Ceole
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas (Fiocruz-Paraná), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Alves da Cruz
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Biologia Molecular e Bioensaios do Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Danilo Tófoli
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais Bioativos do Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Santana Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas (Fiocruz-Paraná), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Walmir Silva Garcez
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais Bioativos do Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Inês Aparecida Tozetti
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Biologia Molecular e Bioensaios do Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Rodrigues Garcez
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais Bioativos do Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Alda Maria Teixeira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Biologia Molecular e Bioensaios do Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Quijia CR, Bonatto CC, Silva LP, Andrade MA, Azevedo CS, Lasse Silva C, Vega M, de Santana JM, Bastos IMD, Carneiro MLB. Liposomes Composed by Membrane Lipid Extracts from Macrophage Cell Line as a Delivery of the Trypanocidal N, N'-Squaramide 17 towards Trypanosoma cruzi. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235505. [PMID: 33276688 PMCID: PMC7730638 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chagas is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, and affects about 25 million people worldwide. N, N’-Squaramide 17 (S) is a trypanocidal compound with relevant in vivo effectiveness. Here, we produced, characterized, and evaluated cytotoxic and trypanocidal effects of macrophage-mimetic liposomes from lipids extracted of RAW 264.7 cells to release S. As results, the average hydrodynamic diameter and Zeta potential of mimetic lipid membranes containing S (MLS) was 196.5 ± 11 nm and −61.43 ± 2.3 mV, respectively. Drug entrapment efficiency was 73.35% ± 2.05%. After a 72 h treatment, MLS was observed to be active against epimastigotes in vitro (IC50 = 15.85 ± 4.82 μM) and intracellular amastigotes (IC50 = 24.92 ± 4.80 μM). Also, it induced low cytotoxicity with CC50 of 1199.50 ± 1.22 μM towards VERO cells and of 1973.97 ± 5.98 μM in RAW 264.7. MLS also induced fissures in parasite membrane with a diameter of approximately 200 nm in epimastigotes. MLS showed low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells and high trypanocidal activity revealing this nanostructure a promising candidate for the development of Chagas disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rafael Quijia
- Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (Final) Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília DF 70.770-917, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (L.P.S.)
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.); (C.S.A.); (C.L.S.); (J.M.d.S.)
| | - Cínthia Caetano Bonatto
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (Final) Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília DF 70.770-917, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Luciano Paulino Silva
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (Final) Caixa Postal 02372, Brasília DF 70.770-917, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Milene Aparecida Andrade
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.); (C.S.A.); (C.L.S.); (J.M.d.S.)
| | - Clenia Santos Azevedo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.); (C.S.A.); (C.L.S.); (J.M.d.S.)
| | - Camila Lasse Silva
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.); (C.S.A.); (C.L.S.); (J.M.d.S.)
| | - Manel Vega
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma on the Island of Majorca, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain;
| | - Jaime Martins de Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.); (C.S.A.); (C.L.S.); (J.M.d.S.)
| | - Izabela Marques Dourado Bastos
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil; (M.A.A.); (C.S.A.); (C.L.S.); (J.M.d.S.)
- Correspondence: (I.M.D.B.); (M.L.B.C.); Tel.: +55-61-3107-3051 (I.M.D.B.)
| | - Marcella Lemos Brettas Carneiro
- Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, UnB—Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (I.M.D.B.); (M.L.B.C.); Tel.: +55-61-3107-3051 (I.M.D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Morais MC, de Souza JV, da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho C, Dolabella SS, de Sousa DP. Trypanocidal Essential Oils: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194568. [PMID: 33036315 PMCID: PMC7583723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomiases are diseases caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma. In humans, this includes Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis. There are few therapeutic options, and there is low efficacy to clinical treatment. Therefore, the search for new drugs for the trypanosomiasis is urgent. This review describes studies of the trypanocidal properties of essential oils, an important group of natural products widely found in several tropical countries. Seventy-seven plants were selected from literature for the trypanocidal activity of their essential oils. The main chemical constituents and mechanisms of action are also discussed. In vitro and in vivo experimental data show the therapeutic potential of these natural products for the treatment of infections caused by species of Trypanosoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Castro de Morais
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (M.C.d.M.); (J.V.d.S.); (C.d.S.M.B.F.)
| | - Jucieudo Virgulino de Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (M.C.d.M.); (J.V.d.S.); (C.d.S.M.B.F.)
| | - Carlos da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (M.C.d.M.); (J.V.d.S.); (C.d.S.M.B.F.)
| | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Laboratory of Entomology and Tropical Parasitology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil;
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (M.C.d.M.); (J.V.d.S.); (C.d.S.M.B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-3216-7347
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Singh N, Rao AS, Nandal A, Kumar S, Yadav SS, Ganaie SA, Narasimhan B. Phytochemical and pharmacological review of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl-a versatile spice used in food and nutrition. Food Chem 2020; 338:127773. [PMID: 32829297 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum verum is the widely used spice for its medicinal and culinary uses since ages. It is native to Sri Lanka and southern India but also distributed in many Asian, Caribbean, Australian and African countries. It is widely used in food preparations and industrial products like candies, chewing gums, mouthwash and toothpaste. It is also used to treat asthma, bronchitis, diarrhea, headache, inflammation and cardiac disorders. Cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, caryophyllene, cinnamyl acetate and cinnamic acid are the major compounds found in its essential oil. These compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, wound healing, anti-HIV, anti-anxiety and antidepressant, etc. This review highlights its comprehensive and up-to-date information on taxonomy, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical composition, pharmacological and toxicity activities. Structure-activity relationship, mechanism of action and some research gaps has also been provided. Owing to its immense medicinal importance, more well-designed in-vivo and clinical studies are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Singh
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Amrender Singh Rao
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Abhishek Nandal
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ch. Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana 127021, India
| | - Surender Singh Yadav
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ansari MA, Murali M, Prasad D, Alzohairy MA, Almatroudi A, Alomary MN, Udayashankar AC, Singh SB, Asiri SMM, Ashwini BS, Gowtham HG, Kalegowda N, Amruthesh KN, Lakshmeesha TR, Niranjana SR. Cinnamomum verum Bark Extract Mediated Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Potentiality. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E336. [PMID: 32092985 PMCID: PMC7072335 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum verum plant extract mediated propellant chemistry route was used for the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Prepared samples were confirmed for their nano regime using advanced characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction and microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The energy band gap of the green synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO)-nanoparticles (NPs) were found between 3.25-3.28 eV. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy shows the presence of Zn-O bond within the wave number of 500 cm-1. SEM images show the specific agglomeration of particles which was also confirmed by TEM studies. The green synthesized ZnO-NPs inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 µg mL-1 and 62.5 µg mL-1, respectively. The results indicate the prepared ZnO-NPs can be used as a potential antimicrobial agent against harmful pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (H.G.G.); (N.K.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Daruka Prasad
- Department of Physics, B.M.S. Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 064, India;
| | - Mohammad A. Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Sudarshana Brijesh Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru- 570 006, Karnataka, India; (A.C.U.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Sarah Mousa Maadi Asiri
- Department of Biophysics, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Hittanahallikoppal Gajendramurthy Gowtham
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (H.G.G.); (N.K.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Nataraj Kalegowda
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (H.G.G.); (N.K.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (H.G.G.); (N.K.); (K.N.A.)
| | - Thimappa Ramachandrappa Lakshmeesha
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru- 570 006, Karnataka, India; (A.C.U.); (S.B.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560056, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tasdemir D, MacIntosh AJJ, Stergiou P, Kaiser M, Mansour NR, Bickle Q, Huffman MA. Antiprotozoal and antihelminthic properties of plants ingested by wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) in Yakushima Island. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112270. [PMID: 31589965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Primates forage on a variety of plant parts to balance their dietary intake to meet requirements of energy, nutrition and maintenance, however the reason(s) leading them to ingest some plants which have no nutritional value and/or contain bioactive or even toxic secondary metabolites is recently gaining closer attention. The growing literature suggests that primates consume plants for medicinal purposes (self-medication) as well, particularly when infected with parasites and pathogens (bacteria, viruses, microbes). Interestingly, some of the plants they consume are also used by humans for similar purposes or may have potential uses for humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS As part of a 16-month study of the parasite ecology of a sub-species of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) on the island of Yakushima, we surveyed their feeding habits and collected a subset of plants and plant parts observed being ingested by macaques. The ethnomedicinal value of these plants was surveyed and methanolic extracts of 45 plant parts were tested in vitro against important parasites of humans, including four protozoan parasites Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi and Leishmania donovani, and the trematode flatworm Schistosoma mansoni. Potential toxicity of the extracts was also assessed on mammalian cells. RESULTS A wide range of ethnomedicinal uses in Asia for these plants is noted, with 37% associated with the treatment of parasites, pathogens and related symptoms. Additionally, the 45 extracts tested showed broad and significant activity against our test organisms. All extracts were active against T. b. rhodesiense. The majority (over 80%) inhibited the growth of P. falciparum and L. donovani. Half of the extracts also displayed antiprotozoal potential against T. cruzi while only several extracts were active against both larval and adult stages of S. mansoni. Cytotoxicity was generally low, although several extracts lacked specific toxicity to test parasites. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated a number of plants and their parts to have antiparasitic activity not previously reported in the ethnopharmacological literature. Enhanced understanding of the primate diets, particularly during periods of intensified parasite infection risk may help to further narrow down plants of interest for lead compound development. The study of animal self-medication is a complementary approach, with precedence, to drug discovery of new lead drug compounds against human parasitic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Tasdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology, Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24106, Kiel, Germany; Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Andrew J J MacIntosh
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41-2, 484-8506, Inuyama, Japan
| | - Polyxeni Stergiou
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nuha R Mansour
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin Bickle
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Disease, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Huffman
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41-2, 484-8506, Inuyama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Seibert JB, Viegas JSR, Almeida TC, Amparo TR, Rodrigues IV, Lanza JS, Frézard FJG, Soares RDOA, Teixeira LFM, de Souza GHB, Vieira PMA, Barichello JM, Dos Santos ODH. Nanostructured Systems Improve the Antimicrobial Potential of the Essential Oil from Cymbopogon densiflorus Leaves. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:3208-3220. [PMID: 31815454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical characteristics of nanostructured suspensions are important prerequisites for the success of new drug development. This work aimed to develop nanometric systems containing Cymbopogon densiflorus leaf essential oil and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation from leaves and analyzed by GC-MS. The main constituents were found to be trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, cis-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, cis-piperitol, and cis-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol. In silico prediction analysis suggested that this oil possesses antimicrobial potential and the main mechanism of action might be the peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase inhibition. Nanoemulsions were prepared by the phase inversion method, and liposomes were made by the film hydration method. Qualitative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity was performed by the diffusion disk assay with 24 microorganisms; all of them were found to be sensitive to the essential oil. Subsequently, this property was quantified by the serial microdilution technique, where the nanoformulations demonstrated improved activity in comparison with the free oil. Bactericidal action was tested by the propidium iodide method, which revealed that free essential oil and nanoemulsion increased cytoplasmic membrane permeability, while no difference was observed between negative control and liposome. These results were confirmed by images obtained using transmission electron microscopy. This study has shown an optimization in the antimicrobial activity of C. densiflorus essential oil by a nanoemulsion and a liposomal formulation of the active substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaína B Seibert
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Juliana S R Viegas
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Tamires C Almeida
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Tatiane R Amparo
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Ivanildes V Rodrigues
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora , Governador Valadares , 36010-041 , Brazil
| | - Juliane S Lanza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , 30150-260 , Brazil
| | - Frédéric J G Frézard
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , 30150-260 , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo D O A Soares
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando M Teixeira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Gustavo H B de Souza
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - Paula M A Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| | - José M Barichello
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , 96020-000 , Brazil
| | - Orlando D H Dos Santos
- Departamento de Farmácia , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , 35400-000 , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lippia sidoides and Lippia origanoides essential oils affect the viability, motility and ultrastructure of Trypanosoma cruzi. Micron 2019; 129:102781. [PMID: 31830667 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is considered a public health problem. The current chemotherapy for this illness causes serious side effects and its use in the chronic phase of the disease is still controversial. In this regard, the investigation of novel therapeutic strategies remains a priority. The essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants emerge as a promising source of bioactive compounds. In a previous work we reported the trypanocidal activity of the essential oils from the medicinal plants Lippia sidoides (LSEO) and Lippia origanoides (LOEO) against T. cruzi. Herein, we aimed to further investigate, in more details, the mode of action of LSEO and LOEO on the different developmental stages of this parasite. We showed that Lippia sidoides (LSEO) and Lippia origanoides (LOEO) induced a significant reduction in the percentage of macrophages infected by T. cruzi and in the number of intracellular parasites. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the treatment with both oils caused morphological changes consistent with loss of viability and cell death. The reduced staining with calcein and the increase in the proportion of HE-positive cells also demonstrated that LSEO and LOEO caused loss of parasite viability and membrane integrity. A considerable decrease in Rhodamine 123 and an increase in fluorescence intensity of MitoSox in LOEO were indicative of loss of mitochondrial potential and generation of reactive oxygen species, which ultimately lead to parasite death. Moreover, the optical tweezer analysis indicated that LOEO was more effective in reducing the motility of the epimastigotes. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the LSEO and LOEO are active against T. cruzi and constitute a promising drugs for the therapy of Chagas disease.
Collapse
|
20
|
Active Essential Oils and Their Components in Use against Neglected Diseases and Arboviruses. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6587150. [PMID: 30881596 PMCID: PMC6387720 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6587150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The term neglected diseases refers to a group of infections caused by various classes of pathogens, including protozoa, viruses, bacteria, and helminths, most often affecting impoverished populations without adequate sanitation living in close contact with infectious vectors and domestic animals. The fact that these diseases were historically not considered priorities for pharmaceutical companies made the available treatments options obsolete, precarious, outdated, and in some cases nonexistent. The use of plants for medicinal, religious, and cosmetic purposes has a history dating back to the emergence of humanity. One of the principal fractions of chemical substances found in plants are essential oils (EOs). EOs consist of a mixture of volatile and hydrophobic secondary metabolites with marked odors, composed primarily of terpenes and phenylpropanoids. They have great commercial value and were widely used in traditional medicine, by phytotherapy practitioners, and in public health services for the treatment of several conditions, including neglected diseases. In addition to the recognized cytoprotective and antioxidative activities of many of these compounds, larvicidal, insecticidal, and antiparasitic activities have been associated with the induction of oxidative stress in parasites, increasing levels of nitric oxide in the infected host, reducing parasite resistance to reactive oxygen species, and increasing lipid peroxidation, ultimately leading to serious damage to cell membranes. The hydrophobicity of these compounds also allows them to cross the membranes of parasites as well as the blood-brain barrier, collaborating in combat at the second stage of several of these infections. Based on these considerations, the aim of this review was to present an update of the potential of EOs, their fractions, and their chemical constituents, against some neglected diseases, including American and African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and arboviruses, specially dengue.
Collapse
|
21
|
Coelho-de-Souza AN, Dos-Santos CF, Lopes-Filho LN, Holanda FR, Oliveira AC, Gomes-Vasconcelos YA, Oliveira KA, Ferreira-da-Silva FW, Silva-Alves KS, Leal-Cardoso JH. Essential oil of Pterodon polygalaeflorus Benth attenuates nociception in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7356. [PMID: 30304130 PMCID: PMC6172927 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are volatile liquids responsible for the aroma of plants. Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have received widespread use in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. For this reason and because Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have great EO content, which is frequently pharmacologically active, the present study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of EO from Pterodon polygalaeflorus (EOPPgfl) and its acute toxic effects. The EEOPPgfl sample, which was extracted by steam distillation of the seeds, had a yield of 2.4% of the seeds weight and had, as major constituents, beta-elemene (48.19%), trans-caryophyllene (19.51%), and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (12.24%). The EOPPgfl sample showed mild acute toxicity and its calculated median lethal dose (LD50) was 3.38 g/kg. EOPPgfl (20–60 mg/kg) showed antinociceptive activity as evidenced by several tests and inhibited writhing induced by acetic acid. The maximum effect was obtained with the 30 mg/kg dose and at 60 min after its administration. EOPPgfl also decreased formalin-induced nociception, as verified by the inhibition of the first and second phase of the formalin test. At 30 mg/kg, EOPPgfl also decreased thermally stimulated nociception. Nociception may be related to inflammatory and antiedematogenic activity and at doses ranging 10–100 mg/kg, EOPPgfl blocked dextran- and carrageenan-induced edema. The results demonstrated that EOPPgfl presented, at doses approximately 100 times smaller than LD50, an antinociceptive effect that probably was due to anti-inflammatory activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Coelho-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C F Dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - F R Holanda
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Y A Gomes-Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - K A Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F W Ferreira-da-Silva
- Curso de Engenharia Civil, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Campus CIDAO, Sobral, CE, Brasil
| | - K S Silva-Alves
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J H Leal-Cardoso
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Experimental, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sawicki R, Golus J, Przekora A, Ludwiczuk A, Sieniawska E, Ginalska G. Antimycobacterial Activity of Cinnamaldehyde in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis(H37Ra) Model. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092381. [PMID: 30231479 PMCID: PMC6225461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antimycobacterial activity and the possible action mode of cinnamon bark essential oil and its main constituent-cinnamaldehyde-against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 25177 strain. Cinnamaldehyde was proved to be the main bioactive compound responsible for mycobacterial growth inhibition and bactericidal effects. The antimycobacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde was found to be comparable with that of ethambutol, one of the first-line anti-TB antibiotics. The selectivity index determined using cell culture studies in vitro showed a high biological potential of cinnamaldehyde. In M. tuberculosis cells exposed to cinnamaldehyde the cell membrane stress sensing and envelope preserving system are activated. Overexpression of clgR gene indicates a threat to the stability of the cell membrane and suggests a possible mechanism of action. No synergism was detected with the basic set of antibiotics used in tuberculosis treatment: ethambutol, isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin, and ciprofloxacin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Sawicki
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Golus
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agata Przekora
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Medical Plant Unit, Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Medical Plant Unit, Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grazyna Ginalska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Costa S, Cavadas C, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L, do Céu Sousa M. In vitro susceptibility of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to selected essential oils and their major components. Exp Parasitol 2018; 190:34-40. [PMID: 29778466 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Aiming for discovering effective and harmless antitrypanosomal agents, 17 essential oils and nine major components were screened for their effects on T. b. brucei. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh plant material and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The trypanocidal activity was assessed using blood stream trypomastigotes cultures of T. b. brucei and the colorimetric resazurin method. The MTT test was used to assess the cytotoxicity of essential oils on macrophage cells and Selectivity Indexes were calculated. Of the 17 essential oils screened three showed high trypanocidal activity (IC50 < 10 μg/mL): Juniperus oxycedrus (IC50 of 0.9 μg/mL), Cymbopogon citratus (IC50 of 3.2 μg/mL) and Lavandula luisieri (IC50 of 5.7 μg/mL). These oils had no cytotoxic effects on macrophage cells showing the highest values of Selectivity Index (63.4, 9.0 and 11.8, respectively). The oils of Distichoselinum tenuifolium, Lavandula viridis, Origanum virens, Seseli tortuosom, Syzygium aromaticum, and Thymbra capitata also exhibited activity (IC50 of 10-25 μg/mL) but showed cytotoxicity on macrophages. Of the nine compounds tested, α-pinene (IC50 of 2.9 μg/mL) and citral (IC50 of 18.9 μg/mL) exhibited the highest anti-trypanosomal activities. Citral is likely the active component of C. citratus and α-pinene is responsible for the antitrypanosomal effects of J. oxycedrus. The present work leads us to propose the J. oxycedrus, C. citratus and L. luisieri oils as valuable sources of new molecules for African Sleeping Sickness treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Costa
- Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Céu Sousa
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mohamed MSM, Abdallah AA, Mahran MH, Shalaby AM. Potential Alternative Treatment of Ocular Bacterial Infections by Oil Derived from Syzygium aromaticum Flower (Clove). Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:873-881. [PMID: 29634373 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1461907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: This study aims to evaluate the predisposing risk factors and antibiotic resistance of bacterial corneal ulcer to commonly used antibiotics. In addition, assess the in vitro efficacy of plant-derived essential oils (EOs) as safe and effective antimicrobial agents. METHODS Demographic features and predisposing risk factors of corneal ulcer patients were recorded. Isolation and identification of bacteria was performed using conventional microbiological methods. Antibacterial activity was determined by disk diffusion and the micro-dilution broth methods. EOs were extracted by steam distillation and were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry technique. RESULTS Out of the 200 patients with corneal ulcer evaluated in this study, the main predisposing factor of bacterial corneal ulcer was trauma (26.5%) and 96.7% isolates were multidrug resistant. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant isolate 33 cases. Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates showed that the fourth-generation fluoroquinolones, gatifloxacin was the most effective antibiotic with sensitivity rate 81.3%. Seven selected EOs showed significant activity against most of the tested bacteria. Syzygium aromaticum oil showed high activity against all tested bacterial species with highest sensitivity rate (97.5%) and low minimal inhibitory concentration values against S. aureus (0.10 µl/ml). The chemical composition of the EOs showed that the monoterpenes were predominant. The main constituent of S. aromaticum oil was eugenol (76%). CONCLUSIONS The current study showed that S. aromaticum oil had high antibacterial activity that could be helpful in the treatment of ocular bacterial infections to minimizing the possible side effects of commonly used antibiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S M Mohamed
- a Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Abdallah
- a Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Magda H Mahran
- b Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Research Institute of Ophthalmology , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Shalaby
- a Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zanusso Junior G, Massago M, Kian D, Toledo MJDO. Efficacy of essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum alone and in combination with benznidazole on murine oral infection with Trypanosoma cruzi IV. Exp Parasitol 2018; 185:92-97. [PMID: 29305891 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a serious public health problem. One of the causes of the high morbidity and mortality in patients is the lack of an effective drug therapy. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum alone and in combination with benznidazole (BZ) in mice orally inoculated with strain of T. cruzi IV obtained from oral CD outbreak occurred in Western Brazilian Amazonia. All the animals inoculated with metacyclic trypomastigote forms (AM14 strain, BZ resistant), derived from the insect Rhodnius robustus, became infected and there was no difference in the mortality rate between the experimental groups. When compared with untreated control animals (UTC), the treatment with essential oil of S. aromaticum (EOSA) alone promoted reduction in 1/5 parameters derived from the parasitemia curve, whereas the treatments with BZ alone or in combination (BZ + EOSA) promoted reduction in 4/5 of those parameters, presenting similar profiles of parasitemia curve. The animals treated with BZ and with the combination BZ + EOSA presented lower patency periods in comparison with the animals in EOSA group, and lower positivity of blood cultures when compared with the UTC group. The results of molecular analysis by qPCR in both blood and cardiac tissue did not show differences between the groups. The cure rates obtained with the different treatments presented the following ascending order: EOSA = 12.5% (1/8), BZ = 25.0% (2/8) and BZ + EOSA = 37.5% (3/8). Although there are no significant differences between them, these results claims that the use of this essential oil could be of interest for treatment of Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Zanusso Junior
- Department of Basic Health Sciences at State University of Maringa, Maringa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Miyoko Massago
- Department of Basic Health Sciences at State University of Maringa, Maringa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Danielle Kian
- Department of Microbiology at State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Guardo NI, Sainz P, González-Coloma A, Burillo J, Martínez-Díaz RA. Trypanocidal Effects of Essential Oils from Selected Medicinal Plants. Synergy among the Main Components. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourteen essential oils (EOs) from selected live germplasm of medicinal plants have been tested for their antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic activity. These plants have been domesticated and maintained under experimental cultivation. Their EOs were tested on epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y and human lung fibroblasts LC5 cell line, along with the major components of the active oils, both separately and in binary combinations. Mentha rotundifolia, Thymus zygis, T. vulgaris and Hyssopus officinalis were the most active EOs against T. cruzi. Among the main components of these EOs (1-8-cineole, thymol, p-cymene, piperitenone oxide, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, carvacrol and linalool), the most active against the parasite and less toxic to human cells was thymol. In general, the activity of the main components did not exceed that of their origin EO, and the study of the activity of these compounds in combination indicates the existence of antagonistic and synergistic effects depending on the concentration tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria I. Guardo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias-CCMA, CSIC, Serrano 115-dpdo, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Sainz
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias-CCMA, CSIC, Serrano 115-dpdo, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Burillo
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael A. Martínez-Díaz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública y Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avda. Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Villamizar LH, Cardoso MDG, de Andrade J, Teixeira ML, Soares MJ. Linalool, a Piper aduncum essential oil component, has selective activity against Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote forms at 4°C. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:131-139. [PMID: 28177047 PMCID: PMC5293122 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies showed that essential oils from different pepper species (Piper spp.) have promising leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities. OBJECTIVES In search for natural compounds against Trypanosoma cruzi, different forms of the parasite were incubated for 24 h at 28ºC or 4ºC with Piper aduncum essential oil (PaEO) or its main constituents linalool and nerolidol. METHODS PaEO chemical composition was obtained by GC-MS. Drug activity assays were based on cell counting, MTT data or infection index values. The effect of PaEO on the T. cruzi cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated by flow cytometry. FINDINGS PaEO was effective against cell-derived (IC50/24 h: 2.8 μg/mL) and metacyclic (IC50/24 h: 12.1 μg/mL) trypomastigotes, as well as intracellular amastigotes (IC50/24 h: 9 μg/mL). At 4ºC - the temperature of red blood cells (RBCs) storage in blood banks - cell-derived trypomastigotes were more sensitive to PaEO (IC50/24 h = 3.8 μg/mL) than to gentian violet (IC50/24 h = 24.7 mg/mL). Cytotoxicity assays using Vero cells (37ºC) and RBCs (4ºC) showed that PaEO has increased selectivity for cell-derived trypomastigotes. Flow cytometry analysis showed that PaEO does not affect the cell cycle of T. cruzi epimastigotes, but decreases their mitochondrial membrane potential. GC-MS data identified nerolidol and linalool as major components of PaEO, and linalool had trypanocidal effect (IC50/24 h: 306 ng/mL) at 4ºC. MAIN CONCLUSION The trypanocidal effect of PaEO is likely due to the presence of linalool, which may represent an interesting candidate for use in the treatment of potentially contaminated RBCs bags at low temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz Helena Villamizar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Juliana de Andrade
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Química, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Maurilio José Soares
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dos Anjos DO, Sobral Alves ES, Gonçalves VT, Fontes SS, Nogueira ML, Suarez-Fontes AM, Neves da Costa JB, Rios-Santos F, Vannier-Santos MA. Effects of a novel β-lapachone derivative on Trypanosoma cruzi: Parasite death involving apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2016; 6:207-219. [PMID: 27770751 PMCID: PMC5078628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural products comprise valuable sources for new antiparasitic drugs. Here we tested the effects of a novel β-lapachone derivative on Trypanosoma cruzi parasite survival and proliferation and used microscopy and cytometry techniques to approach the mechanism(s) underlying parasite death. The selectivity index determination indicate that the compound trypanocidal activity was over ten-fold more cytotoxic to epimastigotes than to macrophages or splenocytes. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the R72 β-lapachone derivative affected the T. cruzi morphology and surface topography. General plasma membrane waving and blebbing particularly on the cytostome region were observed in the R72-treated parasites. Transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed the surface damage at the cytostome opening vicinity. We also observed ultrastructural evidence of the autophagic mechanism termed macroautophagy. Some of the autophagosomes involved large portions of the parasite cytoplasm and their fusion/confluence may lead to necrotic parasite death. The remarkably enhanced frequency of autophagy triggering was confirmed by quantitating monodansylcadaverine labeling. Some cells displayed evidence of chromatin pycnosis and nuclear fragmentation were detected. This latter phenomenon was also indicated by DAPI staining of R72-treated cells. The apoptotis induction was suggested to take place in circa one-third of the parasites assessed by annexin V labeling measured by flow cytometry. TUNEL staining corroborated the apoptosis induction. Propidium iodide labeling indicate that at least 10% of the R72-treated parasites suffered necrosis within 24 h. The present data indicate that the β-lapachone derivative R72 selectively triggers T. cruzi cell death, involving both apoptosis and autophagy-induced necrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Oliveira Dos Anjos
- Lab. Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz UESC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sheila Suarez Fontes
- Lab. Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Brazil
| | - Mateus Lima Nogueira
- Lab. Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Andrade MA, Azevedo CDS, Motta FN, Santos MLD, Silva CL, Santana JMD, Bastos IMD. Essential oils: in vitro activity against Leishmania amazonensis, cytotoxicity and chemical composition. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:444. [PMID: 27825341 PMCID: PMC5101707 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current chemotherapy for cutaneous leishmaniosis (CL) has a series of drug limitations such as toxic side effects, long duration, high costs and drug resistance, which requires the development of new drugs or effective alternatives to the CL treatment. Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of secondary metabolites from various plants. It has been shown that several EOs, or their constituents, have inhibitory activity against protozoa. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the biological activity of different essential oils (EOs) on Leishmania (L.) amazonensis promastigotes forms, as well as their cytotoxicity on mammalian cells and chemical composition. METHODS Sixteen EOs were evaluated by mean of IC50/24 h and cytotoxicity against L6 cells (CC50/24 h) using Resazurin assay. Only those EOs that presented better results for IC50/24 h were submitted to GC-MS analysis to determine their chemical constitution. RESULTS The EO from Cinnamodendron dinisii, Matricaria chamomilla, Myroxylon peruiferum, Salvia sclarea, Bulnesia sarmientoi, Ferula galbaniflua, Siparuna guianensis and Melissa officinalis were the most active against L. amazonensis with IC50/24 h ranging from 54.05 to 162.25 μg/mL. Analysis of EOs by GC-MS showed mainly the presence of β-farnesene (52.73 %) and bisabolol oxide (12.09 %) for M. chamomilla; α-copaene (13.41 %), safrole (8.35 %) and δ-cadinene (7.08 %) for M. peruiferum; linalool (28.80 %) and linalyl acetate (60.08 %) for S. sclarea; guaiol (48.29 %) and 2-undecanone (19.49 %) for B. sarmientoi; ethyl phthalate (13.09 %) and methyl-8-pimaren-18-oate (41.82 %) for F. galbaniflua; and neral (37.18 %) and citral (5.02 %) for M. officinalis. CONCLUSION The EO from F. galbaniflua showed to be effective against L. amazonensis promastigotes forms and presented low cytotoxic activity against L6 cells. Thus, it represents a strong candidate for future studies aiming its molecular activity on these pathogenic parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milene Aparecida Andrade
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco I, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
- Faculty of Ceilândia, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Clênia Dos Santos Azevedo
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco I, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Flávia Nader Motta
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco I, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
- Faculty of Ceilândia, The University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Lasse Silva
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco I, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Jaime Martins de Santana
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco I, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Izabela M D Bastos
- Pathogen-Host Interface Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, The University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco I, Brasília, DF, CEP 70910-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|