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Awon VK, Dutta D, Banerjee S, Pal S, Gangopadhyay G. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis highlight key pathways involved in the somatic embryogenesis of Darjeeling tea. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:207. [PMID: 38395740 PMCID: PMC10893738 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Darjeeling tea is a globally renowned beverage, which faces numerous obstacles in sexual reproduction, such as self-incompatibility, poor seed germination, and viability, as well as issues with vegetative propagation. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a valuable method for rapid clonal propagation of Darjeeling tea. However, the metabolic regulatory mechanisms underlying SE in Darjeeling tea remain largely unknown. To address this, we conducted an integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis of embryogenic callus (EC), globular embryo (GE), and heart-shaped embryo (HE). RESULTS The integrated analyses showed that various genes and metabolites involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway, auxin biosynthesis pathway, gibberellin, brassinosteroid and amino acids biosynthesis pathways were differentially enriched in EC, GE, and HE. Our results revealed that despite highly up-regulated auxin biosynthesis genes YUC1, TAR1 and AAO1 in EC, endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was significantly lower in EC than GE and HE. However, bioactive Gibberellin A4 displayed higher accumulation in EC. We also found higher BABY BOOM (BBM) and Leafy cotyledon1 (LEC1) gene expression in GE along with high accumulation of castasterone, a brassinosteroid. Total flavonoids and phenolics levels were elevated in GE and HE compared to EC, especially the phenolic compound chlorogenic acid was highly accumulated in GE. CONCLUSIONS Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis revealed enriched metabolic pathways, including auxin biosynthesis and signal transduction, brassinosteroid, gibberellin, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, amino acids metabolism, and transcription factors (TFs) during SE in Darjeeling tea. Notably, EC displayed lower endogenous IAA levels, conducive to maintaining differentiation, while higher IAA concentration in GE and HE was crucial for preserving embryo identity. Additionally, a negative correlation between bioactive gibberellin A4 (GA4) and IAA was observed, impacting callus growth in EC. The high accumulation of chlorogenic acid, a phenolic compound, might contribute to the low success rate in GE and HE formation in Darjeeling tea. TFs such as BBM1, LEC1, FUS3, LEA, WOX3, and WOX11 appeared to regulate gene expression, influencing SE in Darjeeling tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Awon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, EN80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Debabrata Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, EN80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Saptadipa Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, EN80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Soumili Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, EN80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Gaurab Gangopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, EN80, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India.
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Charehsaz M, Sipahi H, Giri AK, Aydin A. Antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects of Turkish Black Tea on TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium (in vitro) and mice (in vivo). PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1202-1206. [PMID: 28245735 PMCID: PMC6130691 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1282969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Black tea has been reported to have significant antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties associated with its polyphenols theaflavins (TF) and thearubigins (TR). Similarly, Turkish black tea (TBT) also contains a considerable amount of TF and TR. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the mutagenic, antimutagenic and anticlastogenic properties of TBT. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of TBT (10 to 40000 μg/plate) were investigated in vitro on Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 with and without S9 fraction. Anticlastogenic effect was studied at concentrations of 300-1200 mg/kg TBT extract by chromosomal aberrations (CA) assay from bone marrow of mice. RESULTS The results of this study did not reveal any mutagenic properties of TBT. On the contrary, TBT extract exhibited antimutagenic activity at >1000 μg/plate concentrations in TA98 strain with and without S9 activation (40% inhibition with S9 and 27% without S9). In TA100 strain, the antimutagenic activity was observed at >20,000 μg/plate TBT extracts without S9 activation (28% inhibition) and at >1000 μg/plate with S9 activation (59% inhibition). A significant decrease in the percentage of aberrant cells (12.33% ± 1.27) was observed in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) plus highest concentration (1200 mg/kg) of TBT extract-treated group when compared to only DMBA-treated group (17.00% ± 2.28). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Results indicated that TBT can be considered as genotoxically safe, because it did not exert any mutagenic and clastogenic effects. As a result, TBT exhibited antimutagenic effects more apparently after metabolic activation in bacterial test system and had an anticlastogenic effect in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Charehsaz
- Department of Toxicology-34755, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Department of Toxicology-34755, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ashok Kumar Giri
- Department of Toxicology-34755, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Aydin
- Department of Toxicology-34755, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lemes SR, Chaves DA, Silva NJDA, Carneiro CC, Chen-Chen L, Almeida LMDE, Gonçalves PJ, Melo-Reis PRDE. Antigenotoxicity protection of Carapa guianensis oil against mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:2043-2051. [PMID: 28678958 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720150797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective of C. guianensis oil against MMC and CP, which are direct- and indirect-acting chemical mutagens, using the micronucleus test. Three experiments were performed. First the C. guianensis oil was co-administered to mice at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw with 4 mg/kg bw MMC or 50 mg/kg bw CP. Second, the mutagenic drug (CP) was administered ip 50 mg/kg bw and after 6 and 12 hours 250 and 500 mg/kg bw of C. guianensis oil were administered. In the last, C. guianensis oil was administrated (250 and 500 mg/kg bw) during five days and after it was administered ip 50 mg/kg bw CP. The results obtained showed that the C. guianensis oil is not cytotoxic neither genotoxic to mouse bone marrow. Regarding the antimutagenic effect, all doses of C. guianensis oil were significantly (p < 0.05) effective in reducing the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, when compared with MMC or CP alone. Based on these results, our results suggest that the C. guianensis oil shows medicinal potential as an antimutagenic agent, modulating the mutagenicity caused by both direct- and indirect-acting chemical mutagens, in a mammalian model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susy R Lemes
- Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais e Biotecnológicos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás/PUC, Rua 232, 128, 3º andar, Sala 5, 74605-010 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Dwight A Chaves
- Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais e Biotecnológicos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás/PUC, Rua 232, 128, 3º andar, Sala 5, 74605-010 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nelson J DA Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais e Biotecnológicos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás/PUC, Rua 232, 128, 3º andar, Sala 5, 74605-010 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Cristiene C Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás/UFG, Campus-II, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás/UFG, Campus-II, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luciane M DE Almeida
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás/UEG, Unidade Universitária de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Caixa Postal 459, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Pablo J Gonçalves
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás/UFG, Campus-II, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo R DE Melo-Reis
- Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais e Biotecnológicos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás/PUC, Rua 232, 128, 3º andar, Sala 5, 74605-010 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Zhou TS, Zhou R, Yu YB, Xiao Y, Li DH, Xiao B, Yu O, Yang YJ. Cloning and Characterization of a Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxylase Gene from Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:261. [PMID: 26907264 PMCID: PMC4783990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea leaves contain abundant flavan-3-ols, which include dihydroxylated and trihydroxylated catechins. Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H: EC 1.14.13.21) is one of the enzymes in the establishment of the hydroxylation pattern. A gene encoding F3'H, designated as CsF3'H, was isolated from Camellia sinensis with a homology-based cloning technique and deposited in the GenBank (GenBank ID: KT180309). Bioinformatic analysis revealed that CsF3'H was highly homologous with the characterized F3'Hs from other plant species. Four conserved cytochrome P450-featured motifs and three F3'H-specific conserved motifs were discovered in the protein sequence of CsF3'H. Enzymatic analysis of the heterologously expressed CsF3'H in yeast demonstrated that tea F3'H catalyzed the 3'-hydroxylation of naringenin, dihydrokaempferol and kaempferol. Apparent Km values for these substrates were 17.08, 143.64 and 68.06 μM, and their apparent Vmax values were 0.98, 0.19 and 0.44 pM·min(-1), respectively. Transcription level of CsF3'H in the new shoots, during tea seed germination was measured, along with that of other key genes for flavonoid biosynthesis using real-time PCR technique. The changes in 3',4'-flavan-3-ols, 3',4',5'-flavan-3-ols and flavan-3-ols, were consistent with the expression level of CsF3'H and other related genes in the leaves. In the study of nitrogen supply for the tea plant growth, our results showed the expression level of CsF3'H and all other tested genes increased in response to nitrogen depletion after 12 days of treatment, in agreement with a corresponding increase in 3',4'-catechins, 3',4',5'-catechins and flavan 3-ols content in the leaves. All these results suggest the importance of CsF3'H in the biosynthesis of 3',4'-catechins, 3',4',5'-catechins and flavan 3-ols in tea leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Shan Zhou
- Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- Conagen Inc., 15 DeAngelo Dr., Bedford, MA 01730, USA.
| | - You-Ben Yu
- Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yao Xiao
- Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Dong-Hua Li
- Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Bin Xiao
- Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Oliver Yu
- Conagen Inc., 15 DeAngelo Dr., Bedford, MA 01730, USA.
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling South Road, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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