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Zhang X, Miao Q, Pan C, Yin J, Wang L, Qu L, Yin Y, Wei Y. Research advances in probiotic fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines. IMETA 2023; 2:e93. [PMID: 38868438 PMCID: PMC10989925 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) have been used to cure diseases for thousands of years. However, the bioactive ingredients of CHM are complex, and some CHM natural products cannot be directly absorbed by humans and animals. Moreover, the contents of most bioactive ingredients in CHM are low, and some natural products are toxic to humans and animals. Fermentation of CHM could enhance CHM bioactivities and decrease the potential toxicities. The compositions and functions of the microorganisms play essential roles in CHM fermentation, which can affect the fermentation metabolites and pharmaceutical activities of the final fermentation products. During CHM fermentation, probiotics not only increase the contents of bioactive natural products, but also are beneficial for the host gut microbiota and immune system. This review summarizes the advantages of fermentation of CHM using probiotics, fermentation techniques, probiotic strains, and future development for CHM fermentation. Cutting-edge microbiome and synthetic biology tools would harness microbial cell factories to produce large amounts of bioactive natural products derived from CHM with low-cost, which would help speed up modern CHM biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Food Laboratory of ZhongyuanZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Qin Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Food Laboratory of ZhongyuanZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Chengxue Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Food Laboratory of ZhongyuanZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jia Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Leli Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life ScienceHunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lingbo Qu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Food Laboratory of ZhongyuanZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
| | - Yongjun Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Food Laboratory of ZhongyuanZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources IndustrializationNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
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Jeon KB, Lee SH, Kwon YS, Beak JH, Lee H, Ma CJ. Protective effect of fermented aloe extract on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:318-327. [PMID: 36605589 PMCID: PMC9809408 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2147584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive glutamate can cause oxidative stress in neuronal cells and this can significantly contribute to the etiology of neurodegenerative disease. The present study mainly aims to investigate that aloe extract (AE) and fermented aloe extract (FAE) could protect against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress. In this study, both AE and FAE showed potent neuroprotective activity by inhibiting ROS and Ca2+ concentration, increasing mitochondria membrane potential, and activating glutathione-related enzymes against glutamate-insulted neurotoxicity in HT22 cells. In addition, the neuroprotective activity of FAE was more potent than that of AE. HPLC analysis reveals that the chemical composition of FAE is different from that of AE. Especially, the contents of aloin A, aloin B and aloenin were higher in FAE than in AE. In conclusion, this study indicates that both AE and FAE may have effective neuroprotective activity in glutamate-insulted pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease by managing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Beom Jeon
- R&DB Center, Beauty Science, Ltd., Sejong, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Hyeon Lee
- R&DB Center, Beauty Science, Ltd., Sejong, Korea
| | - Choong Je Ma
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea, Choong Je Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea. Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Minj J, Chandra P, Paul C, Sharma RK. Bio-functional properties of probiotic Lactobacillus: current applications and research perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2207-2224. [PMID: 32519883 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1774496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria as a starter culture are very important component in the fermentation process of dairy and food industry. Application of lactic acid bacteria as probiotic bacteria adds more functionality to the developed product. Gut colonizing bacteria have attractive benefits related to human health. Bio-functional properties such as antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory, ACE-inhibitory, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antiviral, immunomodulatory, hypocholesterolemic, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activities are the most applicable research areas of lactic acid bacteria. Different strains of Lactobacillus are generally consumed as probiotics and colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Sometimes these bacteria may possess antimicrobial activity and may positively influence the effect of antibiotics. Use of Lactobacillus spp. for the development of functional foods is one of the promising areas of current research and applications. Individual bacterial species have unique biological activity, which may vary from strains to strains and identification of this uniqueness could be helpful in the development of functional and therapeutic food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagrani Minj
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nebraska Innovation Campus (NIC), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Catherine Paul
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nebraska Innovation Campus (NIC), University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Li L, Wang L, Fan W, Jiang Y, Zhang C, Li J, Peng W, Wu C. The Application of Fermentation Technology in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:899-921. [PMID: 32431179 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In Chinese medicine, fermentation is a highly important processing technology whereby medicinal herbs are fermented under appropriate temperature, humidity, and moisture conditions by means of the action of microorganisms to enhance their original characteristics and/or produce new effects. This expands the scope of such medicines and helps them to meet the stringent demands of clinical application. Since ancient times, Chinese medicine has been made into Yaoqu to reduce its toxicity and increase its efficiency. Modern fermentation technologies have been developed on the basis of traditional fermentation techniques and modern biological technology, and they can be divided into solid fermentation, liquid fermentation, and two-way fermentation technologies according to the fermentation form employed. This review serves as an introduction to traditional fermentation technology and its related products, modern fermentation technologies, and the application of fermentation technology in the field of Chinese medicine. Several problems and challenges facing the field are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Sichuan Neautus Traditional Chinese Herb Limited Company, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Sichuan Neautus Traditional Chinese Herb Limited Company, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, P. R. China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
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Yoo JM, Park KI, Yang JH, Cho WK, Lee B, Ma JY. Anti-allergic actions of F-PASA, a novel herbal cocktail, in IgE/antigen-mediated allergic responses in RBL-2H3 cells and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:229-237. [PMID: 30668433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-inflammatory actions of Polygonum cuspidatum, Angelica gigas, Sophora flavescens and Arctium fruit are well known. Nonetheless, effects of herbal combination (PASA) or its fermentation by microorganisms (F-PASA) on the allergic response remain unknown. PURPOSE We investigated whether PASA or F-PASA could inhibit IgE/antigen complex (IgE/Ag)-mediated allergic responses. METHODS To evaluate and compare anti-allergic actions of PASA and F-PASA, we performed cell viability, β-hexosaminidase activity, ELISA assays for cytokines and eicosanoids, immunoblot analysis, HPLC analysis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) models. RESULTS F-PASA had stronger anti-degranulation actions (IC50, 510.9 µg/ml) than PASA (IC50, 1,261 µg/ml) without cytotoxicity until 2000 µg/ml in IgE/Ag-activated RBL-2H3 cells. Additionally, F-PASA inhibited formation of tumor necrosis factor-α (IC50, 147.4 µg/ml), interleukin-4 (IC50, 213.4 µg/ml), prostaglandin D2 (IC50, 42.40 µg/ml) and leukotriene C4 (IC50, 157.9 µg/ml). Moreover, F-PASA dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation and expression of proteins that are related to the FcεRI and arachidonate cascades. Consistent with in vitro studies, F-PASA from 25 to 100 mg/kg also suppressed IgE/Ag-induced PCA reaction more than PASA did in mice. In phytochemical analysis, using PASA and F-PASA, F-PASA showed a higher level of emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, whereas the level of arctiin, an artigenin glycoside, was reduced compared with that using PASA. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that F-PASA, including both artigenin and emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, possesses stronger anti-allergic properties. Therefore, F-PASA may be useful as a functional food or as a phytomedicine for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Myung Yoo
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Hye Yang
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyoung Lee
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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Yim NH, Gu MJ, Park HR, Hwang YH, Ma JY. Enhancement of neuroprotective activity of Sagunja-tang by fermentation with lactobacillus strains. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:312. [PMID: 30486879 PMCID: PMC6263064 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sagunja-tang (SGT) is widely used in traditional herbal medicine to treat immune system and gastrointestinal disorders and reportedly has protective effects against inflammation, cancer, and osteoporosis. In this study, we fermented SGT with different Latobacillus strains and investigated the change in phytochemical compositions in SGT and enhancement of it neuroprotective effects in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma. METHODS Marker components, including ginsenoside Rg1, glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, and pachymic acid, in SGT, were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. SGT was fermented with eight different Lactobacillus strains to yield eight fermented SGTs (FSGTs). The conversion efficiencies of SGT marker components were determined in each FSGT. To detect the protective effect of SGT and FSGT, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay and mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMPs) assay were performed in SH-SY5Y cells. RESULTS Compared with the other FSGTs, SGT166, i.e., SGT fermented with L. plantarum 166, had high conversion efficiency, as indicated by increased amounts of glycyrrhizin, liquiritigenin, and atractylenolides I-III. In SH-SY5Y cells, protection against cell death induced by H2O2 and etoposide was high using SGT166 and very low using SGT. Furthermore, ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption in SH-SY5Y cells were markedly suppressed by SGT166 treatment, which demonstrated that inhibition of ROS generation may be one of the neuroprotective mechanisms of SGT166. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that fermentation of SGT with L. plantarum 166 enhanced suppression of oxidative stress and MMP loss. This enhanced neuroprotective effect was thought to be caused by the conversion of SGT phytochemicals by fermentation. SGT166 shows potential for treating neurological damage-related diseases.
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Hussain A, Bose S, Wang JH, Yadav MK, Mahajan GB, Kim H. Fermentation, a feasible strategy for enhancing bioactivity of herbal medicines. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Ilavenil S, Choi KC, Srigopalram S. In vitro importance of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum related to medical field. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 23:S6-S10. [PMID: 26858567 PMCID: PMC4705246 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum is a Gram positive lactic acid bacterium commonly found in fermented food and in the gastro intestinal tract and is commonly used in the food industry as a potential starter probiotic. Recently, the consumption of food together with probiotics has tremendously increased. Among the lactic acid bacteria, L. plantarum attracted many researchers because of its wide applications in the medical field with antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, anti-obesity and antidiabetic properties. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro importance of L. plantarum toward medical applications. Moreover, this report short listed various reports related to the applications of this promising strain. In conclusion, this study would attract the researchers in commercializing this strain toward the welfare of humans related to medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soundharrajan Ilavenil
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si 330 801, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si 330 801, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Srisesharam Srigopalram
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si 330 801, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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Jaeumganghwa-Tang Induces Apoptosis via the Mitochondrial Pathway and Lactobacillus Fermentation Enhances Its Anti-Cancer Activity in HT1080 Human Fibrosarcoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127898. [PMID: 26020238 PMCID: PMC4447448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Jaeumganghwa-tang (JGT, Zi-yin-jiang-huo-tang in Chinese and Jiin-koka-to in Japanese) is an oriental herbal formula that has long been used as a traditional medicine to treat respiratory and kidney diseases. Recent studies revealed that JGT exhibited potent inhibitory effects on allergies, inflammation, pain, convulsions, and prostate hyperplasia. Several constituent herbs in JGT induce apoptotic cancer cell death. However, the anti-cancer activity of JGT has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of JGT using highly tumorigenic HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we examined whether the Lactobacillus fermentation of JGT enhanced its anti-cancer activity using an in vivo xenograft model because fermentation of herbal extracts is thought to strengthen their therapeutic effects. Data revealed that JGT suppressed the growth of cancer cells efficiently by stimulating G1 cell cycle arrest and then inducing apoptotic cell death by causing mitochondrial damage and activating caspases. The phosphorylation of p38 and ERK also played a role in JGT-induced cell death. In vitro experiments demonstrated that JGT fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus, designated fJGT162, elicited similar patterns of cell death as did non-fermented JGT. Meanwhile, the daily oral administration of 120 mg/kg fJGT162 to HT1080-bearing BALB/c nude mice suppressed tumor growth dramatically (up to 90%) compared with saline treatment, whereas the administration of non-fermented JGT suppressed tumor growth by ~70%. Collectively, these results suggest that JGT and fJGT162 are safe and useful complementary and alternative anti-cancer herbal therapies, and that Lactobacillus fermentation improves the in vivo anti-cancer efficacy of JGT significantly.
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Im AR, Song JH, Lee MY, Yeon SH, Um KA, Chae S. Anti-wrinkle effects of fermented and non-fermented Cyclopia intermedia in hairless mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:424. [PMID: 25355549 PMCID: PMC4232710 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The fermented leaves and stems of Cyclopia intermedia are used to brew honeybush tea, an herbal tea indigenous to South Africa with reported anti-wrinkle effects. Wrinkle formation caused by photoaging clearly involves changes in extracellular matrix components and mechanical properties of the skin. Methods The inhibitory effects of honeybush extract and fermented honeybush on wrinkle formation were determined by analyzing skin replicas, histologically examining epidermal thickness, and identifying damage to collagen fibers. Results Honeybush extract and fermented honeybush reduced the length and depth of skin winkles caused by UV irradiation and inhibited thickening of the epidermal layer, in addition to suppressing collagen tissue breakdown reactions, indicating its potential use as a skin wrinkle prevention agent. Conclusions This in vivo study demonstrates that honeybush produces significant anti-wrinkle effects and is therefore of interest in anti-aging skin care products.
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