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Aldahamsheh O, Halayqeh S, Alfayyadh M, Smadi Z, Abu Halimeh S, AlMadani M, Shatnawi W, Ellouzy S, Abufaraj M. Exploring Factors Influencing Medical Trainees' Specialty Choice: Insights from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey in Jordan. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38850219 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2024.2364265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Choosing a medical specialty is a critical decision that significantly impacts medical students' future career. Understanding the factors influencing this decision-making process is important for medical educators, policymakers, and healthcare providers to develop effective strategies that support and guide students in making informed decisions. Approach: We distributed an online self-administered questionnaire to clinical-year medical students (Years 4 to 6) and interns from all medical faculties in Jordan. The questionnaire gathered demographic information, specialty preferences, and factors influencing specialty decision-making. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Findings: 1805 participants completed the questionnaire (51.7% women). General surgery was the most preferred specialty among both genders, followed by internal medicine. Women significantly preferred family medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and dermatology, whereas men significantly preferred urology, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, general surgery, and internal medicine. The factors that most strongly influenced respondents' specialty preferences were the specialty's perceived stress levels and working hours, whereas the least influential factors were the specialty's perceived prestige and role models in the specialty. Women's specialty preferences were significantly more influenced by their family than men's. Men were substantially more influenced by specialties' perceived action-orientation and stress levels than women. Insights: Gender significantly influences medical trainees' specialty preferences in Jordan. Women tended to prefer specialties that provided greater work-life balance, such as family medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and dermatology, while men were more drawn toward competitive and profitable surgical specialties like orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, urology, and general surgery. Additionally, family had a stronger influence on women's decisions, likely due to cultural and social expectations prioritizing marriage and family for women. Career counseling and mentorship programs are needed to provide guidance, support, and networking opportunities that can help women overcome barriers and biases that may hinder their career advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Aldahamsheh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
- Orthopedic Spine Program, Department of Pediatric Orthopedic, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - May Alfayyadh
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zina Smadi
- School of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Mary AlMadani
- School of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | | | - Sarah Ellouzy
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Abufaraj
- Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Almansour M, Almoayad F. Exploring challenges and perceptions in the learning environment: an online qualitative study of medical students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:147. [PMID: 38355507 PMCID: PMC10868022 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The teaching and learning environment (TLE) in medical schools is critical for shaping the outcomes and competencies of graduates. Research on TLE has highlighted its influence on student learning approaches and outcomes, yet gaps remain, particularly in qualitative insights, especially in Saudi Arabian contexts. This study aims to explore the students' experiences and perceptions of the TLE in a new medical college. METHODS This qualitative study consisted of a total of five focus group discussions (3consequtive sessions for male group and two for female group) conducted virtually using the Zoom videoconferencing application. All the discussion sessions took place during a lockdown because of the COVID-19 pandemic between December 2020 and February 2021. Each session lasted for 45-60 min. Each group was formed of 4-5 students from different academic levels in the Majmaah medical school, which was established 10 years ago and is located in a small city. After "verbatim transcription" of the sessions was made, a framework thematic analysis of the data was performed using the NVivo software. RESULTS The study results revealed that various elements, such as educational content, faculty roles, and personal factors, collectively influenced the students' educational experiences. The students valued educational relevance and autonomous decision-making. The multifunctional role of faculty as mentors, evaluators, and resource providers was considered essential in enhancing academic experiences. Additionally, there was an evident need to improve the physical learning environment and facilities to adapt to emerging educational needs. These results align with existing literature, emphasizing the integration of theory and practice and the significant impact of faculty roles in academic experiences. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that medical colleges should involve students more in decision-making related to their education and ensure the practical relevance of the educational content. Establishing open communication channels between students and faculty who act as mentors and evaluators is also essential. Furthermore, enhancing supportive infrastructures, such as mental health and financial services, and promoting extracurricular activities are crucial for fostering a more effective and nurturing learning environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Almansour
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah Almoayad
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
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Alaqeel SA, Alhammad BK, Basuhail SM, Alderaan KM, Alhawamdeh AT, Alquhayz MF, Alzunaidi AM, Alrashed FA. Investigating factors that influence residency program selection among medical students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:615. [PMID: 37644551 PMCID: PMC10466777 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Medical students and interns face several decisions during their career development. One of the most critical decisions they have to make is choosing a residency program that suits their career goals and aspirations. The selection process can be challenging, as several factors can influence the decision-making process. There was limited research on the role of GPA and opportunities in residency program selection. Therefore, this study examines the factors that influence interns' and 5th-year medical students' choices of residency programs. METHODS Observational and analytical cross-sectional studies were conducted at King Saud University (KSU) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A sample of 5th-year medical students as well as medical interns was included in the study. This study only includes students who were interested in choosing a residency program in one of these eight domains: Medicine, Family Medicine, Orthopedics, Pediatrics, Radiology, Surgery, Obstetrics/Gynecology, and Ophthalmology. RESULTS The total number of students with 5th-year medical students was 205 (60.1%) and the number of students with medical interns was 135 (39.5%). The majority of students (51.0%) had a GPA above 4.5 out of 5, followed by 3.5 to 4.5 among 146 (42.8) students, and only 21 (6.2) had a GPA below 3.5. Those students with less than a 3.5 GPA out of 5 were found not to have any favorite residency program specialties when it came to academic achievement. Furthermore, in the case of those students whose GPA was 3.5 to 4.5, they had a certain mindset when it came to choosing a residency program. A 1.9 times greater likelihood of selecting obstetrics and gynecology (OR = 1.9, p = 0.19) was achieved by students with GPAs between 3.5 and 4.5, followed by a 1.5 times greater probability of selecting radiology (OR = 1.5; p = 0.55). High achievers, ophthalmology (OR = 1.7; p = 0.32) and surgery (OR = 1.4; p = 0.31) were the most popular residency programs. A student with a high GPA (mean score = 7.3) also chooses his or her career based on better opportunities than a student with a low GPA (mean score = 6.8). CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the correlation between academic achievement and preferred specialties for future careers among medical students. While the study's findings should be considered in the context of various other factors such as lifestyle, social life, and income can influence students' preferred specialties for residency programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fahad Abdulaziz Alrashed
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University (KSU), P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia.
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Sawan D, Alrefaei GM, Alesawi A, Abualross O, Alsuwaida SA, Meer N. Preferences, Career Aspects, and Factors Influencing the Choice of Specialty by Medical Students and Interns in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e43018. [PMID: 37674943 PMCID: PMC10478148 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Choosing a medical specialty is one of the most critical career decisions medical students and interns make. However, little is known about the factors these graduates consider when choosing their specialty. Our study assessed factors that medical students and interns consider when determining their specialty. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey-based study, conducted from November to December 2022. We utilized a previously published questionnaire for 1074 participants, including 837 medical students and 237 interns from Saudi Arabian universities. Results The majority of female participants (80.4%), compared with only 19.6% of male participants, considered interest in specific procedures and techniques typical of the specialty an important factor in choosing a specialty (p = 0.036). Dissertation research experience was an important factor for 83.5% of female participants and 16.5% of male participants (p = 0.024). Additionally, good quality teaching within the study program framework was important for 81.2% of female participants and 18.8% of male participants (p = 0.033), suggesting that male and female participants viewed the importance of good quality teaching differently. Female participants accounted for 80% of those who considered the overseas experience a factor in their specialty choice. Also, 74.4% of female and 25.6% of male participants considered friends, relatives, or other connections in the healthcare field a factor that affects their choice. Furthermore, 79.6% of female and 20.4% of male participants reported having good experiences with physician role models as an impactful factor in their specialty choice. Conclusion Female participants were most interested in obstetrics and gynecology (12.1%,), internal medicine (11.8%), and family medicine (10.8%). Male participants, on the other hand, showed more interest in family medicine (12.7%,), internal medicine (11.0%), and emergency medicine (10.1%). Medical schools and healthcare institutions must provide students and interns with enough information and resources to help them explore different specialties and make well-informed decisions about their careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Sawan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ghaday M Alrefaei
- Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | | | - Nuha Meer
- Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Alomaish AR, El Hassan LAM, Mahfouz MS, Haidar WN, M Omer HEO. Medical Students' Perception Towards Choosing Pathology Program at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:1465-1474. [PMID: 36530579 PMCID: PMC9749412 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s386194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The selection of a specific medical specialty is crucial to medical students and is increasingly associated with future job satisfaction and success in the medical field. We aim to evaluate the perception of medical students at Jazan University towards choosing pathology as a future career and the factors influencing their decisions in order to better the employability of graduates and provide information to both the labor force and curriculum designers. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among a random sample of (391) students at the faculty of medicine, Jazan University, from the 2nd to 6th year who registered as a formal student in the academic year 2021/2022. Data was collected via (web-based) a self-administered questionnaire because of COVID-19 pandemic. Chi-squared tests and regression analysis were performed. RESULTS In this investigation, 92.9% of participants responded. Only 16.2% of undergraduates selected pathology as a future career choice. Among the participants who desired to choose pathology as a career, 28.6% preferred hematopathology as a future sub-specialty. Around 16% considered the most crucial reason for not choosing pathology is the preference for direct patient contact. The differences in age groups, academic level, GPA, and educational level of father between respondents who having a desire to choose pathology as a future career were found to be significantly different. CONCLUSION Among the respondents involved in this study, only 16.2% were interested in pathology, while 3.1% chose the field as their first future career choice. Our findings can be applied to help undergraduate better prepare for the future and encourage them to apply to the pathology program to address the shortage of pathologists in the area. Qualitative research is a need to explore the perceptions of current pathology residents and the reasons that can encourage them to choose this important specialization as a future career.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed Salih Mahfouz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Nadarajah A, Shankar PR, Jayaraman S, Sreeramareddy CT. House officers' specialist career choices and motivators for their choice- a sequential mixed-methods study from Malaysia. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:796. [PMID: 36384571 PMCID: PMC9668396 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03845-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Shortage and maldistribution of medical specialists hamper healthcare quality. The specialist career choices of house officers determines the future composition of healthcare systems. We studied house officers'' specialist career choices and motivators for their choice. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We conducted online in-depth interviews among seven house officers using an interview guide developed based on a literature review. The transcripts were analyzed. Major themes were identified. A 33-item questionnaire was developed, and the main and sub-themes were identified as motivators for specialist career choice. An online survey was done among 185 house officers. Content validation of motivators for specialist choice was done using exploratory factor analysis. First, second and third choices for a specialist career were identified. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were done to determine the socio-demographic factors and motivators associated with the first choice. RESULTS HOs perceived that specialist training opportunities provide a wide range of clinical competencies through well-structured, comprehensive training programs under existing specialist training pathways. Main challenges were limited local specialist training opportunities and hurdles for 'on-contract' HO to pursue specialist training. Motivators for first-choice specialty were related to 'work schedule', 'patient care characteristics', 'specialty characteristics', 'personal factors', 'past work experience', 'training factors', and 'career prospects.' House officers' first choices were specialties related to medicine (40.5%), surgery (31.5%), primary care (14.6%), and acute care (13.5%). On multivariate analysis, "younger age", "health professional in the family", "work schedule and personal factors", "career prospects" and "specialty characteristics" were associated with the first choice. CONCLUSIONS Medical and surgical disciplines were the most preferred disciplines and their motivators varied by individual discipline. Overall work experiences and career prospects were the most important motivators for the first-choice specialty. The information about motivational factors is helpful to develop policies to encourage more doctors to choose specialties with a shortage of doctors and to provide career specialty guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Nadarajah
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Almatrodi M, Aldammas F, Alqarni A, Alwarhi F, Alotaibi A, Alqarni A, Bedaiwi R. Applicant Selection for Anesthesiology Residency Programs in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e30071. [PMID: 36381686 PMCID: PMC9639706 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anesthesiology is a medical specialty that involves pre, intra, and postoperative surgical and medical procedures; it is a profession shaped by the clinician’s medical knowledge and manual dexterity. To date, very few studies have addressed the selection criteria and factors associated with the applicant selection process for anesthesia residency programs in Saudi Arabia. Objectives We aimed to define the criteria, factors, and guidelines for candidate selection in anesthesia residency programs in Saudi Arabia. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study conducted using electronic questionnaires that were distributed to anesthesiology program directors in Saudi Arabia via email. The questionnaire was divided into six sections, and each section included various parameters such as demographic data, cognitive/academic activities, non-cognitive/non-academic activities, individual qualities, and red flags or negative factors of the individual. The participants rated each parameter, and the collected data were analyzed for statistical significance (p≤0.05). Results A total of 28 programs were included in this survey. All 14 parameters associated with individual qualities were found to be significantly important for applicant selection (p≤0.05). Except for delayed entry into residency after graduation, all 12 parameters associated with red flags or negative characteristics of individuals were significant for candidate selection (p≤0.05). Conclusion The results showed that academic/cognitive factors and non-academic/non-cognitive factors, along with the individual characteristics of the applicant, were given priority when selecting candidates for anesthesiology residency programs in Saudi Arabia.
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Lamb E, Burford B, Alberti H. The impact of role modelling on the future general practitioner workforce: a systematic review. EDUCATION FOR PRIMARY CARE 2022; 33:265-279. [PMID: 35904161 PMCID: PMC9519122 DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2022.2079097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Role modelling has been identified as an important phenomenon in medical education. Key reports have highlighted the ability of role modelling to support medical students towards careers in family medicine although the literature of specific relevance to role modelling in speciality has not been systematically explored. This systematic review aimed to fill this evidence gap by assimilating the worldwide literature on the impact of role modelling on the future general practitioner (GP) workforce. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, ERIC and CINAHL, and all authors were involved in the article screening process. A review protocol determined those articles selected for inclusion, which were then quality assessed, coded and thematically analysed. Forty-six articles were included which generated four broad themes: the identity of role models in general practice, role modelling and becoming a doctor, the impact of role modelling on attitudes towards the speciality, and the subsequent influence on behaviours/career choice. Our systematic review confirmed that role modelling in both primary and secondary care has a crucial impact on the future GP workforce, with the potential to shape perceptions, to attract and deter individuals from the career, and to support their development as professionals. Role modelling must be consciously employed and supported as an educational strategy to facilitate the training of future GPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lamb
- School of Medical Education, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bryan Burford
- School of Medical Education, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hugh Alberti
- School of Medical Education, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Nadarajah A, Ramasamy S, Shankar PR, Sreeramareddy CT. Development and validation of motivators for medical specialist career choice questionnaire (MMSCCQ) - a methodological study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:474. [PMID: 35718765 PMCID: PMC9206890 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A validated instrument to assess the motivating factors influencing junior doctors' medical specialist career choices is not available. The Motivators for Medical Specialist Career Choice Questionnaire (MMSCCQ) was developed and validated in the present study. METHODS An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study was conducted among house officers (HO) of a tertiary care hospital. A literature review was used to construct an interview guide. Seven HOs participated in an online, one-on-one audio-recorded in-depth interview (IDI). Seven sub-themes and 33 codes identified by thematic analyses were used to develop the MMSCCQ. The importance of each motivator was rated on a five-point Likert scale. The MMSCCQ was pretested, and a random sample of 262 house officers was invited to participate in an online survey. Psychometric evaluation was done using reliability statistics, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. RESULTS The seven main themes identified by thematic analyses were labeled as factors related to 'work schedule and personal life,' 'training opportunities', 'past work experiences', 'specialty characteristics', 'career prospects', 'patient care characteristics', and 'social factors.' The highest ratings were given to "previous job experience" and "patient care traits. "The response rate was 71%, the mean age of the 185 HOs was 26.7 years (SD = 1.6). Females made up 63.8% of the population. The internal consistency for the overall questionnaire measured by Cronbach's alpha was 0.85. Each construct demonstrated an acceptable internal consistency. Twenty-six of 33 items were maintained after an exploratory factor analysis was conducted, yielding 7 constructs with a 64.9% variance. Confirmatory factor analyses established the construct validity. CONCLUSION The MMSCCQ has acceptable reliability and construct validity. Further studies are needed to test psychometric properties in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Nadarajah
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Ramasamy
- Department of Psychology, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy
- Department of Community Medicine, International Medical University, No.126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Mohamed EY. Specialty preferences and factors affecting the choices of postgraduate specialty among undergraduate medical students. Pak J Med Sci 2022; 38:1431-1435. [PMID: 35991256 PMCID: PMC9378383 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.38.6.5571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To study specialties preference of the students at the College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia; and to determine the factors that affect the choice of their postgraduate specialty. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 undergraduate medical students at the College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia for the current academic year 2021-2022. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24, and a Chi-square test was utilized to compare qualitative data. Results Internal medicine is the first choice for 16 (19.8%) students. General surgery and family medicine were selected by 15 (18.5%) and 12 (14.8%) students, respectively. Sixty-seven (82.7%) students relied on their selection of a good future guaranteed by specialty, and 48 (49.3%) selected challenging specialty; 64 (79.0%) were motivated by a practicing doctor for their future specialty selection and 54 (66.7%) by their families. Conclusions Most preferred specialty for medical students is internal medicine followed by general surgery. Both genders preferred internal medicine as their future specialty. Some important specialties such as public health and basic medical sciences were not selected as a future specialty by any student. The most stated reason behind specialty selection is the provision for a good future. Most students are motivated by a practicing doctor to select a postgraduate specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsadig Yousif Mohamed
- Dr. Elsadig Yousif Mohamed, MD. Department of Community Medicine College of Medicine, Majmaah University Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Dr. Elsadig Yousif Mohamed, MD. Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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Teclessou JN, Dabouda A, Akakpo S, Kassang P, Saka B, Kombate K, Pitche P. Factors influencing student's specialty choices in Lomé faculty of medicine (Togo). BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:615. [PMID: 34906110 PMCID: PMC8670063 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choice of specialty in medicine is an important decision for the individual, but also for health system. This choice combined personals reasons, professional desires and needs of the health system. The number of specialists in the country depends of this choice. Very few studies have focused on factors influencing the choice of specialties among medical students in Africa. Also, in the absence of specialist needs planning in Togo. This study, aims to determine the factors influencing the choice of specialty among students at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Lomé (FSS-UL). METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that took place from June 1 to June 30, 2019 with medical students of the doctoral cycle and doctors in specialization studies in the various Diploma of Special Study (DSS) available at the FSS-UL. Data collection was done at the surveyed's training sites. Pre-established and pre-tested fact sheets were giving and explained to the students by data collection team. Data collection team return at the surveyed's training sites 72 h after to collect pre-established fact sheets. Following variables study including: factors (individual; related to the medical curriculum); the advantages and attractiveness of the specialty that can influence students' choice. Data analysis was carried out using Epi Info 6.0 software. The significance threshold was 5%. RESULTS At the time of the survey, the FSS-UL had 147 doctoral students and 211 specialty students. A total of 251 participants responded to the questionnaires. These included 140 doctoral students and 111 specialty students. The choice of specialties requiring night work such as gynecology, surgery was significantly associated with the male sex (p = 0.001). There was significant association between having financial support (p = 0.001), remuneration related to the specialty (p = 0.0001) and the decision to beginning specialty studies immediately completing general medical studies. Interest in lectures (p = 0.003), teacher support as a mentor in the specialty (p = 0.01) and easy accessibility to teachers (p = 0.008) were medical curriculum factors significantly associated with specialty choice. Facility to work in public and private sector was mentioned by 55.3% of respondents who chose gynecology (p = 0.03). Interest in lectures (p = 0.003), was significantly associated with choice of fundamental sciences; and work in international fields was significantly associated with the choice of pediatric and public health (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Factors influencing the choice of certain specialty were balance between family and professional life; financial support to studies, the remuneration opportunities related to the specialty, access to university career. Intervention on these factors will allow a balance between the numbers of doctors trained in the different specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julienne Noude Teclessou
- Department of Dermatology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé. Faculty of health sciences, university of Lome (Togo), Lomé, Togo
| | - Aminou Dabouda
- Department of Dermatology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé. Faculty of health sciences, university of Lome (Togo), Lomé, Togo
| | - Sefako Akakpo
- Department of Dermatology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé. Faculty of health sciences, university of Lome (Togo), Lomé, Togo
| | - Panawe Kassang
- Department of Dermatology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé. Faculty of health sciences, university of Lome (Togo), Lomé, Togo
| | - Bayaki Saka
- Department of Dermatology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé. Faculty of health sciences, university of Lome (Togo), Lomé, Togo
| | - Koussake Kombate
- Department of Dermatology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé. Faculty of health sciences, university of Lome (Togo), Lomé, Togo
| | - Palokinam Pitche
- Department of Dermatology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé. Faculty of health sciences, university of Lome (Togo), Lomé, Togo
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Abe M, Tsunawaki S, Dejonckheere M, Cigolle CT, Phillips K, Rubinstein EB, Matsuda M, Fetters MD, Inoue M. Practices and perspectives of primary care physicians in Japan and the United States about diagnosing dementia: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:540. [PMID: 34635089 PMCID: PMC8503990 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While dementia is a common problem in Japan and the US, primary care physicians' practices and perspectives about diagnosing dementia in these different healthcare systems are unknown. Methods Qualitative research was conducted in an ethnographic tradition using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis in primary care settings across Japan and in the Midwest State of Michigan, US. Participants were a total of 48 primary care physicians, 24 each from Japan and the US participated. Both groups contained a mixture of geographic areas (rural/urban), gender, age, and years of experience as primary care physicians. Results Participants in Japan and the US voiced similar practices for making the diagnosis of dementia and held similar views about the desired benefits of diagnosing dementia. Differences were found in attitudes about the appropriate timing of formally diagnosing dementia. Japanese physicians tended to make a formal diagnosis when problems that would benefit from long-term care services emerged for family members. US physicians were more proactive in diagnosing dementia in the early stages by screening for dementia in health check-ups and promoting advance directives when the patients were still capable of decision-making. Views about appropriate timing of diagnostic testing for dementia in the two systems reflect what medical or nursing care services physicians can use to support dementia patients and caregivers. Conclusions Benefits of making the diagnosis included the need to activate the long-term care services in Japan and for early intervention and authoring advance directives in the US. Testing to establish an early diagnosis of dementia by primary care physicians only partly relates to testing and treatment options available. Benefits of making the diagnosis included the need to activate the long-term care services in Japan and for early intervention and authoring advance directives in the US. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02457-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abe
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - S Tsunawaki
- Omaezaki Family Medicine Center, Shizuoka, Omaezaki, Japan.,Shizuoka Family Medicine Program, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - M Dejonckheere
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - C T Cigolle
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAHS) Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Phillips
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAHS) Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E B Rubinstein
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - M Matsuda
- Shizuoka Family Medicine Program, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Kikugawa Family Medicine Center, Shizuoka, Kikugawa, Japan
| | - M D Fetters
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA. .,The School of Health Humanities, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - M Inoue
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Sarikhani Y, Bastani P, Bayati M. A National Survey on the characteristics of Iranian General Practitioners and Their Preferred Specialty: A Need to Transition toward Preventive Medicine. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:84. [PMID: 34584650 PMCID: PMC8428318 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_441_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The shortage and unbalanced distribution of physicians has adverse effects on the provision of equitable services at all levels of health care and especially at the prevention and primary care levels. The choice of specialty can seriously change the structure and composition of the physician workforce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between background characteristics of Iranian general practitioners' (GPs) and their preferred specialty fields. Methods: In this mixed-method study, first, 12 medical doctors participated in a nominal group technique to determine the most important background characteristics that affect GPs' preferences for specialty selection. In the second phase, we conducted a survey among 680 GPs in six provinces from different geographic regions. We gathered data using a researcher-made checklist and analyzed them using an adjusted multivariate regression. Results: The adjusted analysis showed that being female, being married, being in an older age group, having children, graduation from universities located in the provincial centers, and decision for living and practicing in the less-populated areas were significantly associated with the Iranian GPs' preferences for non-surgical specialties. Conclusions: This study provided evidence that could inform national health workforce policy-makers to avoid unbalanced distribution of physicians and accordingly to ensure the provision of equitable services at all levels of healthcare and especially at the primary care level. Other effective factors on the selection of specialty should be evaluated at the national level using specific surveys and econometrics studies such as discrete selection experiment to move toward preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Sarikhani
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peivand Bastani
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bayati
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Amudhan AS, Palaniyandi A, Rajan M, Parthiban P, Rajendraprasath S, Saminathan T, Shanmugam R, Nagarajan VP. The Driving Factors Important for Evaluation Student's Opinion which Influenced Decision Making of Career Choice: Pediatrics as a Career Choice as an Example. Acta Inform Med 2021; 29:94-98. [PMID: 34584330 PMCID: PMC8443136 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2021.29.94-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Reducing the maternal and neonatal mortality rate are the predominant goals of achieving sustainable development for which it is important to ensure adequate health workforce, especially pediatric professionals at all levels of health care. Recent trends reveal a significant decline in the number of doctors opting for pediatrics specialization. Objective: This study was carried out to explore the career preferences of the undergraduate medical students and factors influencing career choice. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among 362 undergraduate medical students studying in prefinal and final year during a period of three months. A self administered questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding the career preferences and factors influencing the decision making. Attitudes regarding career choice was assessed using Likert scale and later recoded into binomial variables. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software. Results: Majority of the participants were females (61.8%). The individual choice of specialty revealed that 12.2% of the males and 18.5% of the females wanted to take up pediatrics as their first career choice while 5.5% of the males and 7.7% of the females had pediatrics as their second choice. Overall, more females preferred pediatrics as a career choice compared to the males. The observed difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Adequate motivation, driven with passion for patient care can be inculcated at the young age and will go a long way in not only addressing the pediatric needs of the society, but also improve health indicators and sustainable development of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sriram Amudhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Anitha Palaniyandi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Mahalakshmi Rajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Premkumar Parthiban
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | | | - Thulasiraj Saminathan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Reshma Shanmugam
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
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The Perception of Rural Medical Students Regarding the Future of General Medicine: A Thematic Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101256. [PMID: 34682936 PMCID: PMC8535786 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the demand for general physicians has increased in Japan because of its aging population, medical universities primarily provide organ-based education; thus, medical students do not receive sufficient general medical education. The number of residents focusing on general medicine remains low; therefore, to understand the present situation regarding general medicine education, we attempted to clarify the views of medical students and the factors influencing them. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted in 12 medical students at Shimane University, and the results were analyzed through thematic analysis. The results indicated the emergence of three themes and 14 concepts. The three overarching themes were as follows: hopes for the field of general medicine, gaps between ideal and reality of general medicine, and factors affecting students’ motivation for specialization in general medicine. Medical students had a positive impression of general medicine and believed that it has potential for further development; however, they felt a gap between their ideals and reality (i.e., unclear expertise). Factors creating this gap included poorly developed education and medical policies. We need to restructure general medicine education based on the participants’ perceptions by establishing collaborative curricula between universities and community hospitals and by increasing students’ exposure to general medicine.
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16
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Al- zubi M, Ali MM, Alzoubi S, Bani-hani M, Awwad MA, Seetan K, Albeitawi S, Alriyalat S, Demour SA. Preference of and factors that influence future specialty among medical students in Jordan: A cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 67:102527. [PMID: 34276981 PMCID: PMC8264099 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choosing future specialty is an important issue that face undergraduate medical students during their university years. Several factors may assist to formulate students' final decision. We aimed to explore the future specialty preferences and the factors that influence the choice of undergraduate students in medical schools in Jordan. METHODS A cross sectional study conducted among the sixth year students of two medical schools in Jordan. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the students. It consisted of demographic data in form of gender, GPA, family income, and parents' level of education. In addition to data about preferred specialties, and factors that influence medical students' choice of future specialty. RESULTS A total of 223 medical students from two medical schools were recruited to participate. Males were 49.3% while females were 50.7%, and around 22% scored an excellent GPA. Most parents of the students were bachelor degree holders (63.6% for fathers and 62.3% for mothers). Medicine (19.4%), dermatology (12.6%), and obstetrics and gynecology (11.7%) were the most chosen future specialties. Specialty appeal and thoughts of future creativity was the most chosen factor that influenced future specialty (55.2%) choice, followed by family time and less on-call duties (14.8%). Students who selected chances of fellowships as an influencing factor were more likely to prefer medicine as future specialties (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Medicine, dermatology, and obstetrics and gynecology were the most popular future specialty choices among undergraduate medical students. Most of our medical students claimed that selection of their specialty is based on the interest and potential creativity, family time and less on call duties. Further studies are required in a wide range to accommodate more students from the other academic years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al- zubi
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mahmoud Mustafa Ali
- Department of Pediatric and Orthodontic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taibah University, Almadinah Almonawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Morad Bani-hani
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A. Awwad
- Orthopaedics Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khaled Seetan
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Soha Albeitawi
- Gynaecology Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sulieman Alriyalat
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Saddam Al Demour
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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17
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Sarikhani Y, Ghahramani S, Bayati M, Lotfi F, Bastani P. A thematic network for factors affecting the choice of specialty education by medical students: a scoping study in low-and middle-income countries. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:99. [PMID: 33568113 PMCID: PMC7877062 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical specialty selection is a complex phenomenon that can affect the performance of health systems, community health, and physicians' lives. It is essential to identify the key factors influencing the choice of specialty for evidence-based policymaking. This scoping review aimed to provide a comprehensive map of evidence regarding the factors influencing the choice of specialty by medical students (MS) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and also to determine knowledge gaps. METHODS We carried out a systematic search on six online databases from January 2000 to May 2020. We used a five-step scoping review method proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. We synthesized the data using a quantitative content analysis approach. Then, we developed a thematic network as a conceptual map for a better understanding of the concept. RESULTS The analysis led to the development of five main themes, including personal determinants, life fulfillment aspects, influential career aspects, educational determinants, and interpersonal effects. Moreover, the most frequent sub-themes were specific personal factors, controllable lifestyle, quality of working life, and future working conditions. CONCLUSION This review provided evidence on the factors influencing the choice of specialties. In order to support physician workforce policy with more precise evidence, it is necessary to explore the weight and ranking of these factors based on the socioeconomic contexts of the countries. This study also indicated that factors such as ethical values, various aspects of medical philosophy, and immigration tendencies are areas for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Sarikhani
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sulmaz Ghahramani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bayati
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Almas Building, Alley 29, Qasrodasht Ave, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Lotfi
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Almas Building, Alley 29, Qasrodasht Ave, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peivand Bastani
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Almas Building, Alley 29, Qasrodasht Ave, Shiraz, Iran.
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18
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Saluja P, Khurana C, Dave A, Arora M, Kumar S. Perception and willingness toward oral pathology and histology as a subject and profession among Indian dental undergraduates. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2020; 17:472-479. [PMID: 33889354 PMCID: PMC8045522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral pathology, a branch of dentistry which is often termed as a nonclinical branch deserves a better description as fundamental knowledge of oral pathology is essential to become a successful dental clinician. This study was conducted to analyze the approach toward Oral Pathology and Histology as a subject and profession among dental undergraduates. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 students which included the 3rd year, 4th year and interns studying in a Dental College in Gurugram, Haryana. The questionnaire comprised 14 close-ended questions, divided under three parameters which included demographic characteristics, students' perception about the Oral Pathology and Histology as a subject, and willingness to choose it as a career option. The data recorded was subjected to statistical analysis using the Chi-square test. The level of statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Among all the participants, 53 (26.5%) were males and 147 (73.5%) were females. It was found that 33.5% of the total students find the subject interesting, but 24.5% students reported their main focus on just passing this subject. Although they reported liking toward the subject, majority of them (64%) did not express their interest to pursue it as their postgraduation specialty. CONCLUSION The present scenario of Oral Pathology and Histology as a subject is alarming and in that scenario it should be our prime concern to change the attitude of students toward the subject who perceive it as a nonclinical subject having a lesser scope for practice with a need to broaden the scope of the specialty and to make it more practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulin Saluja
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SGT Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Charu Khurana
- National Oral Health Programme, Centre for Dental Education and Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Charu Khurana, National Oral Health Programme, Centre for Dental Education and Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India. E-mail:
| | - Aparna Dave
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SGT Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Manpreet Arora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SGT Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Srishti Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, SGT Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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O’Sullivan B, McGrail M, Gurney T, Martin P. A Realist Evaluation of Theory about Triggers for Doctors Choosing a Generalist or Specialist Medical Career. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228566. [PMID: 33218189 PMCID: PMC7699208 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of theory about what drives choice to be a generalist or specialist doctor, an important issue in many countries for increasing primary/preventative care. We did a realist evaluation to develop a theory to inform what works for whom, when and in what contexts, to yield doctors’ choice to be a generalist or specialist. We interviewed 32 Australian doctors (graduates of a large university medical school) who had decided on a generalist (GP/public health) or specialist (all other specialties) career. They reflected on their personal responses to experiences at different times to stimulate their choice. Theory was refined and confirmed by testing it with 17 additional doctors of various specialties/career stages and by referring to wider literature. Our final theory showed the decision involved multi-level contextual factors intersecting with eight triggers to produce either a specialist or generalist choice. Both clinical and place-based exposures, as well as attributes, skills, norms and status of different fields affected choice. This occurred relative to the interests and expectations of different doctors, including their values for professional, socio-economic and lifestyle rewards, often intersecting with issues like gender and life stage. Applying this theory, it is possible to tailor selection and ongoing exposures to yield more generalists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda O’Sullivan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Rural Clinical School, Locked Bag 9009, Toowoomba 4350, DC Queensland, Australia; (T.G.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-4-2740-5030
| | - Matthew McGrail
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Rural Clinical School, 78 on Canning St, Rockhampton 4700, Queensland, Australia;
| | - Tiana Gurney
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Rural Clinical School, Locked Bag 9009, Toowoomba 4350, DC Queensland, Australia; (T.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Priya Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Rural Clinical School, Locked Bag 9009, Toowoomba 4350, DC Queensland, Australia; (T.G.); (P.M.)
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Levaillant M, Levaillant L, Lerolle N, Vallet B, Hamel-Broza JF. Factors influencing medical students' choice of specialization: A gender based systematic review. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 28:100589. [PMID: 33134904 PMCID: PMC7588859 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students' choice of medical specialties has evolved throughout year, with a growing interest in quality of life and in technological specialties. We investigated the repartition of such choices in the world and its influencing factors with a focus on the gender's influence, for helping policy-makers to deal with medical shortage and territorial to specialty disconnect. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE and Scopus from January 2010 to January 2020. Data extraction and analysis followed JBI and PRISMA recommendations. The selected articles had to focus on medical students, detail their choice of specialty, and look for factors influencing their choice. Articles were excluded if they only assessed the attractiveness of a specialty, or evaluated a public policy. This review was registered on PROSPERO, CRD 42020169227. FINDINGS 751 studies were screened, and fifty-four were included. Surgery and internal medicine were the most wanted specialties, both in occidental and non-occidental countries. The main factors influencing the choice of specialty were lifestyle, work-life balance and discipline interest, with variation across different countries. Gender clearly affected this choice with 63.7% of men willing radiology and 14.7% of men in obstetrics and gynecology. INTERPRETATION Influential factors vary with specialty and are affected by the country of residence. Gender has a great impact in students' willingness to work in specific specialties. Policymakers should adapt their appealing strategies according to the country and the medical discipline concerned. FUNDING The authors have no support or funding to report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Levaillant
- Methodologic and biostatistics department, CHU Angers, University Angers, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - Lucie Levaillant
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Lerolle
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, CHU Angers, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Benoît Vallet
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France
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CANBEYLİ İD, ÇIRPAR M. Anticipated decrease in surgeons: does orthopedic internship affect medical students career choice? JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.769373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zalihic A, Stanetic K, Gavran LR, Trifunovic N, Mujanovic OB, Savic S, Jatic Z. What is the Future of Family Medicine in Bosnia and Herzegovina? Mater Sociomed 2020; 32:88-92. [PMID: 32843853 PMCID: PMC7428892 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.88-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although during undergraduate study students have a high opinion of family medicine and often praise it, during postgraduate studies they show little interest in this medical specialty. Aim: The study aimed to examine the interest of public medical school students in family medicine as a career choice, to establish whether it changed during the study and if there was a difference in that regard among students studying at medical schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hypotheses: students’ attitudes change with learning about the way a family doctor works. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey. This manuscript presents a nationwide survey (63% response rate) of public medical school students in Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding their likelihood of selecting Family Medicine as a specialty. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all medical students on all six state universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data basis of all doctors who have completed specialization programs were taken from ministries of health. Results: In the period from 01/01/08 to 12/31/18, only 8.4% of all completed specializations were family medicine doctors in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Interest in family medicine, as a future career, was shown by 31% of medical students, of which over 75% were female students. The largest interest in family medicine was shown by the sixth-year medical students, stating their extensive knowledge of medicine as a reason. Conclusion: Students’ interest in FM specialization is changing through the years of study. Unfortunately, it is not only the lack of interest, that is the cause of the small number of family medical specialities among students but also poor health policy, which should be subjected to actual reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Zalihic
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Kosana Stanetic
- Deparment of Family Medicine University of Foca, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Natasa Trifunovic
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Suzana Savic
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zaim Jatic
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Khurana C, Saluja P, Dave A, Arora M, Kumar S. Perception and willingness toward oral pathology and histology as a subject and profession among Indian dental undergraduates. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.302897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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24
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Chen Q, Lian S, Plegue MA, Fetters MD. First-year medical student attitudes about general practice in China: a comparison between Chinese and international students. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2019; 10:571-579. [PMID: 31551660 PMCID: PMC6677372 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s198877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chinese policy increasingly emphasizes growth of general practice (GP). The purpose of this research was to understand attitudes toward GP among first-year Chinese and international medical students studying in China. METHODS Based on a cross-sectional survey using a 5-point Likert scale of medical students at Peking University Health Science Center regarding attitudes toward specialty choice, practice setting, care of patient age groups, care types, and GP, we compared responses of Chinese and international medical students. RESULTS In total, 258 national and 77 international students participated. International students ranked equally or more highly as favorable practice settings associated with GP, eg, outpatient (P=0.05) and home care (P<0), types of care associated with GP, eg, preventive services (P<0) and palliative care (P=0.01), and age-groups of interest, eg, care for babies (P<0), children (P<0), and adult women (P=0.03). Chinese students more strongly endorsed beliefs that GP physicians are needed in rural Chinese areas (P<0), supported by the government (P=0.02), and respected by society (P<0). DISCUSSION Chinese students' attitudes about the social desirability of GP are consistent with Chinese policy, but international students more strongly endorsed desirable work characteristics of actual GP. These differences accentuate the need for more attention in the medical curriculum to educate Chinese students about why GP can be a personally rewarding career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqing Lian
- Peking University First Hospital
, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Melissa A Plegue
- Mixed Methods Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Fetters
- Mixed Methods Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Peking University Health Science Center
, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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DeJonckheere M, Vaughn LM. Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: a balance of relationship and rigour. Fam Med Community Health 2019; 7:e000057. [PMID: 32148704 PMCID: PMC6910737 DOI: 10.1136/fmch-2018-000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Semistructured in-depth interviews are commonly used in qualitative research and are the most frequent qualitative data source in health services research. This method typically consists of a dialogue between researcher and participant, guided by a flexible interview protocol and supplemented by follow-up questions, probes and comments. The method allows the researcher to collect open-ended data, to explore participant thoughts, feelings and beliefs about a particular topic and to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive issues. The purpose of this article was to identify and describe the essential skills to designing and conducting semistructured interviews in family medicine and primary care research settings. We reviewed the literature on semistructured interviewing to identify key skills and components for using this method in family medicine and primary care research settings. Overall, semistructured interviewing requires both a relational focus and practice in the skills of facilitation. Skills include: (1) determining the purpose and scope of the study; (2) identifying participants; (3) considering ethical issues; (4) planning logistical aspects; (5) developing the interview guide; (6) establishing trust and rapport; (7) conducting the interview; (8) memoing and reflection; (9) analysing the data; (10) demonstrating the trustworthiness of the research; and (11) presenting findings in a paper or report. Semistructured interviews provide an effective and feasible research method for family physicians to conduct in primary care research settings. Researchers using semistructured interviews for data collection should take on a relational focus and consider the skills of interviewing to ensure quality. Semistructured interviewing can be a powerful tool for family physicians, primary care providers and other health services researchers to use to understand the thoughts, beliefs and experiences of individuals. Despite the utility, semistructured interviews can be intimidating and challenging for researchers not familiar with qualitative approaches. In order to elucidate this method, we provide practical guidance for researchers, including novice researchers and those with few resources, to use semistructured interviewing as a data collection strategy. We provide recommendations for the essential steps to follow in order to best implement semistructured interviews in family medicine and primary care research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M Vaughn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the career preferences of real estate students and the predisposing factors influencing the choice of career. The study also analysed the gender and socioeconomic variations with respect to the career preferences and factors influencing the career choice of real estate students in an emergent market like Nigeria.
Design/methodology/approach
Closed-ended questionnaires were administered on final year real estate students in the three Federal universities offering real estate in Southwestern Nigeria. Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, mean ranking, independent t-test, analysis of variance and correlation analysis.
Findings
The findings showed that the predominant individual factors influencing career choice of real estate students were personal career interest, the magnitude of initial salary, future financial prospects and job security. Furthermore, while intrinsic and economic/financial factors were the major themes influencing respondents’ career choice, the influence of a third party was less a likely determinant. Analysis of gender differences showed that there was a statistical difference between the male and female respondents with respect to the intrinsic and career exposure factors.
Research limitations/implications
The study has implications for real estate students, career advisers/academic counsellors, organisations employing the services of real estate graduates, and educational institutions and policy stakeholders in the real estate sector. The study also has implication for real estate professional bodies in Nigeria and other emergent markets.
Originality/value
This is perhaps the first attempt that examined the factors influencing the career choice of real estate students in an emergent market like Nigeria, especially from the perspectives of gender and socioeconomic variations.
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Madani FM, Alasiri R, Howldar S, Zagzoog F, Alhibshi N. Perceptions and Career Expectation in Ophthalmology among Saudi Undergraduate Medical Students. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2019; 25:142-149. [PMID: 30765952 PMCID: PMC6348938 DOI: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_261_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the perceptions about ophthalmology as a career among undergraduate medical students and to investigate the determinants of career choice in ophthalmology. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to all medical students (from 4th year to interns) in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 519 students were included in the study. Students who aspire for ophthalmology as a career, i.e., those who mentioned it in their top three choices (Group A), were compared to those who did not (Group B) regarding demographic and academic factors, factors generally influencing career choice and perception about and experience in ophthalmology. RESULTS: Among 519 included students, ophthalmology was the first career choice of 5.6% and in the top three choices of 13.5% of students. Students from Group A had female preponderance and comparable academic skills, by reference to Group B. Group A reported to have a better experience in ophthalmology, including conference attendance, research activity, and community services related to ophthalmology, as well as greater advantage from ophthalmology rotation. Determinants of career choice in ophthalmology included giving importance for workload during their residency (odds ratio [OR] = 3.38; P = 0.021), having concern about challenging instrumental features (OR = 0.29, P = 0.012), believing that ophthalmology should be included in primary care (OR = 13.60, P = 0.002), and having participated in community service activity in ophthalmology (OR = 10.10, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Students who aspire for a career in ophthalmology showed to have an early involvement in related academic activities and less concern about instrumental and intellectual challenges, as compared to their counterparts. The formal ophthalmology rotation is the key step to recruit future ophthalmologists by correcting misconceptions and enhancing interest about the specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Mohamed Madani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alasiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Howldar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Zagzoog
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar Alhibshi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Kabil NS, Allam GG, Abd El-Geleel OM. Motivational reasons for choosing dentistry as a professional career & factors affecting specialty choice among final year dental students. FUTURE DENTAL JOURNAL 2018; 4:308-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fdj.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Guraya SY, Almaramhy HH. Mapping the factors that influence the career specialty preferences by the undergraduate medical students. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1096-1101. [PMID: 30174508 PMCID: PMC6117166 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is often perceived that undergraduate medical students do not select their career specialty until they are graduated. This study aimed to probe the preferences of undergraduate medical students about their career specialty and the factors influencing their choices. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 3rd through 5th year undergraduate medical students to record their choices of specialties and to identify the factors that influence their career selection. Out of 220 respondents, 29 (13.2%) students selected General Surgery, 24 (10.9%) Pediatrics, and 18 (8.2%) Internal Medicine as their career specialties; whereas 24 (10.9%) students were not able to select a major specialty. The least popular specialties were Gynecology and Obstetrics, Oncology, Histopathology, Orthopedics, Genetics, Psychology, each selected by one student. One hundred and seventeen (53.1%) thought their selected specialty 'matched their capabilities' and 82 (37.2%) perceived their selection as "innovative field in medicine". Career advice by friends and families and the desire to serve academic institutions could not influence career selection. Career preferences by medical students result from the interplay of a range of factors. General Surgery, Pediatrics and Internal Medicine were the most preferred specialties. The professional grooming programs to target specialties matching the trainees' capabilities and the specialties with state-of-the-art innovative technologies attract medical undergraduate students. The attained knowledge is vitally important for the policy makers in modifying the existing framework that can cater the popular and favored specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamdi H. Almaramhy
- Department of Surgery, The College of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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AlKhilaiwi RM, Alatassi A, Almohawis AH, Alhumaid TA, Almazyad KA, Bustami RT. Medical students' attitude toward anesthesia as a future career. Saudi J Anaesth 2018; 12:215-219. [PMID: 29628830 PMCID: PMC5875208 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_367_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to understand the attitude of medical students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) toward anesthesia as a specialty and to determine common factors influencing their career choice options. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS The study was conducted between March 25, and April 20, 2017, at KSAU-HS. The survey was distributed among 5th and 6th years medical students. Data were collected through a validated hardcopy questionnaire of 16 multiple choice questions. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, specialty preferences, what factors attract Saudi medical students to choose their preferred specialty and how they view the option of choosing anesthesiology as a career. RESULTS A total of 236 students completed the questionnaire. The majority of respondents were in their 5th year of medical school representing (62%). The distribution of medical field interest ranged from (38%) surgery to (1%) anesthesiology. approximately, (60%) thought that controllable lifestyle was an important factor to consider in choosing a residency program. Only (45%) of respondents thought that prestige of specialty is a major factor that would influence their choice for a specialty. CONCLUSION Based on the outcome of the study, it is recommended that medical undergraduate students exposure to anesthesia specialty should be magnified. Greater efforts have to be made to increase the number of medical students preferring anesthesia through emphasizing on the positive aspects of the specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakan M. AlKhilaiwi
- Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaleem Alatassi
- Department of Anesthesia, King Abdullah Specialist Children Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjaad H. Almohawis
- Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki A. Alhumaid
- Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A. Almazyad
- Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami T. Bustami
- Associate Professor Biostatistics, Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sawaf B, Abbas F, Idris A, Al Saadi T, Ibrahim N. Specialty preference and intentions to study abroad of Syrian medical students during the crisis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:39. [PMID: 29548290 PMCID: PMC5857144 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research addresses how medical students develop their choice of specialty training in crisis and resource-poor settings. The newly graduated medical students determine the future of the healthcare system. This study aims to elucidate the factors influencing Syrian medical students' specialty selection and students' intentions to study abroad. METHODS A cross-sectional study carried out at the universities of Damascus, Al-Kalamoon and the Syrian Private University in Syria using self-administered questionnaire to investigate medical students' specialty preferences and plans for career future. The questionnaire included questions about students' demographic and educational characteristics, intention to train abroad, the chosen country for training. RESULTS Randomly selected 450 students completed the questionnaire. The two most common specialties selected were general surgery (27.6%) and internal medicine (23.5%). The most influencing factors on their decision were 'flexibility of specialty' (74.8%) and 'Better work opportunities after specializing' (69.1%). Most participants stated that they are interested in specializing abroad outside Syria (78.7%). The two most common countries of choice were Germany (35.5%) and the United States of America (24.6%). Acquiring a visa to the foreign country was the most common obstacle of specializing abroad (n = 186, 53.6%). Male gender, having a previous clinical training abroad, and having friends or relatives living abroad were significant factors in predicting students' interest in specializing abroad. CONCLUSION Internal medicine and surgery are the most reported specialties of choice in this study and most of the participants reported intentions to study abroad. Their specialty preferences are influenced by both familiar epidemiological and war-driven factors. These data can be useful to design further cohort study to understand the war-related affecting factors on students' plans for their career in the effort of improving the balance of healthcare system in Syria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisher Sawaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Mazzeh Street, P.O. Box 36822, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Fatima Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Amr Idris
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Mazzeh Street, P.O. Box 36822, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Tareq Al Saadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Nazir Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Mazzeh Street, P.O. Box 36822, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
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Alkhaneen H, Alhusain F, Alshahri K, Al Jerian N. Factors influencing medical students' choice of emergency medicine as a career specialty-a descriptive study of Saudi medical students. Int J Emerg Med 2018. [PMID: 29516205 PMCID: PMC5842164 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-018-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Choosing a medical specialty is a poorly understood process. Although studies conducted around the world have attempted to identify the factors that affect medical students’ choice of specialty, data is scarce on the factors that influence the choice of specialty of Saudi Arabian medical students, in particular those planning a career in emergency medicine (EM). In this study, we investigated whether Saudi medical students choosing EM are influenced by different factors to those choosing other specialties. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAUHS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire distributed among all undergraduate and postgraduate medical students of both sexes in the second and third phases (57% were males and 43% were females). Results A total of 436 students answered the questionnaire, a response rate of 53.4%. EM group was most influenced by hospital orientation and lifestyle and least influenced by social orientation and prestige provided by their specialty. Unlike controllable lifestyle (CL) group and primary care (PC) group, EM reported lesser influence of social orientation on their career choice. When compared with students primarily interested in the surgical subspecialties (SS), EM group were less likely to report prestige as an important influence. Moreover, students interested in SS reported a leaser influence of medical lifestyle in comparison to EM group. When compared with CL group, EM group reported more interest in medical lifestyle. Conclusions We found that students primarily interested in EM had different values and career expectations to other specialty groups. The trends in specialty choice should be appraised to meet future needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Alkhaneen
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alhusain
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alshahri
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawfal Al Jerian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of National guard health affairs, P.O Box 86871, Riyadh, 11632, Saudi Arabia.
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Undergraduate basic surgical skills education: impact on attitudes to a career in surgery and surgical skills acquisition. Ir J Med Sci 2017; 187:479-484. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-017-1696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Miah S, Pang KH, Rebello W, Rubakumar Z, Fung V, Venugopal S, Begum H. What factors influence UK medical students' choice of foundation school? ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2017; 8:293-297. [PMID: 28458589 PMCID: PMC5404492 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s134081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify the factors influencing UK medical student applicants' choice of foundation school. We also explored the factors that doctors currently approaching the end of their 2-year program believe should be considered. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted during the 2013-2014 academic year. An online questionnaire was distributed to 2092 final-year medical students from nine UK medical schools and 84 foundation year-2 (FY2) doctors from eight foundation schools. Participants were asked to rank their top 3 from a list of 12 factors that could potentially influence choice of foundation school on a 5-point Likert scale. Collated categorical data from the two groups were compared using a chi-square test with Yates correction. RESULTS Geographic location was overwhelmingly the most important factor for medical students and FY2 doctors with 97.2% and 98.8% in agreement, respectively. Social relationships played a pivotal role for medical student applicants. Clinical specialties within the rotations were of less importance to medical students, in comparison to location and social relationships. In contrast, FY2 doctors placed a significantly greater importance on the specialties undertaken in their 2-year training program, when compared to medical students (chi-square; p=0.0001). CONCLUSION UK medical schools should make their foundation program applicants aware of the importance of choosing rotations based on specialties that will be undertaken. Individual foundation schools could provide a more favorable linked application system and greater choice and flexibility of specialties within their 2-year program, potentially making their institution more attractive to future applicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Miah
- Division of Surgery and Interventional science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Karl H Pang
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Wayne Rebello
- Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zoe Rubakumar
- Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria Fung
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Suresh Venugopal
- Department of Urology, Chesterfield Royal Infirmary, Chesterfield, UK
| | - Hena Begum
- Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Inoue M, Kachi Y. Should co-payments for financially deprived patients be lowered? Primary care physicians' perspectives using a mixed-methods approach in a survey study in Tokyo. Int J Equity Health 2017; 16:38. [PMID: 28228140 PMCID: PMC5322579 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-017-0534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japan's stagnant economy has produced increasing income disparities, and the effect of poverty on health and health-care utilization is a significant issue. Co-payments could be a trade-off for patients when seeking medical care and limit health-care utilization. We sought primary care physicians' experiences in dealing with financially deprived patients and their perspectives about reducing co-payments by low-income patients. METHODS We used a convergent mixed-methods approach in a mail survey; it was distributed to 1989 primary care physicians practicing in areas with the highest proportions of socially disadvantaged individuals in Tokyo. The survey items included an open-ended question, seeking the participants' perspectives about reducing co-payments by low-income patients from the current 30%, and closed questions, asking their experience of patient behavior related to financial burdens during the previous 6 months. RESULTS We analyzed the responses of 365 physicians. Sixty-two percent of the primary care physicians agreed with lowering co-payments for financially deprived patients; however, the remainder disagreed or were uncertain. Those who disagreed were less likely to have experienced patient behavior related to financial burdens. The participants suggested challenges and potential measures for reducing co-payments by low-income patients in light of tight governmental financial resources and rapidly increasing health-care expenditures in Japan. The physicians were also concerned about the moral hazard in health-care utilization among patients receiving social welfare who obtain care at no cost. CONCLUSIONS From their experience in having dealt with low-income patients, the majority of physicians were positive about lowering co-payments by such patients; the remainder were negative or uncertain. It may be necessary to raise awareness of patients' socioeconomic status among primary care physicians as a possible deterrent for seeking care. To maintain health-care equity, policy makers should consider balancing co-payments among individuals with differing financial levels and health-care needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Inoue
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 1309 Beacon St, Brookline, MA, 02446, USA.
| | - Yuko Kachi
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
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Sharma N, Jain K, Kabasi S. Attitude toward Public Health Dentistry as a career among dental students in Odisha: A Cross-sectional study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2017; 13:532-538. [PMID: 28182073 PMCID: PMC5256018 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.197042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Knowledge of dental students' expectations of their profession as well as their attitudes to study a particular specialty of dentistry is of great importance. These attitudes and expectations make studying dentistry meaningful to dental students and society and understanding these factors facilitate workforce planning in the dental sector The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of dental students towards considering Public Health Dentistry as their future career. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted, which included the 3rd year, 4th fourth year and dental interns studying in the State of Odisha. It consisted of 27 questions that were graded on 5-point Likert scale. The responses for the attitude questions toward selecting Public Health Dentistry for postgraduation were categorized into three factors, which are a negative attitude (includes score 0–21), neutral attitude (score 22–44), and positive attitude (score 45–64). Differences between groups were examined using Chi-square test for proportions. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Among 886 respondents, 302 (34.08%) were males and 584 (65.91%) were females. One-third (33.52%) of them had a positive attitude toward selecting public health dentistry as their future career, and nearly two-third of them (58.23%) had neutral attitude, with very few students having a negative attitude (8.23%) toward the specialty for pursuing postgraduation. Conclusion: Respondents had a considerable amount of interest in pursuing postgraduation in this specialty. Efforts should be intensified, both by the dental council and by the dental colleges, to develop this specialty, keeping in mind the increasing attitude of dental undergraduates toward it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Sharma
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kittu Jain
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Soumik Kabasi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Alsubaie N, Aldhofaian HS, Alhuwaimel L, Ruxshan N, Alghamdi F, Shamia A, Abu-Zaid A. Specialty Preferences and the Factors Influencing Them Among Pre-Clerkship Medical Students: The First Study from Alfaisal University-College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2016; 8:e894. [PMID: 28018764 PMCID: PMC5179192 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the specialty preferences and the factors influencing them among pre-clerkship (second-year and third-year) medical students at Alfaisal University-College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS An online, anonymous, cross-sectional, self-rating survey was administered. The survey explored socio-demographical data, specialty preferences and the factors influencing such preferences. A gender-wise statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-two students participated in the survey (n=252/308; response rate: 81.8%). The three main specialties chosen by males were general surgery (33.1%), pediatrics (7.9%), and neurology-ophthalmology (5.5%). Females also opted for general surgery (20.8%) followed by dermatology (11.2%) and pediatrics (8.8%). Gender-wise specialty preferences were noted: general surgery (p<0.028) and anesthesiology (p<0.045) by males, whereas obstetrics & gynecology (p<0.017) and dermatology (p<0.005) by females. Overall, the three major influences in choosing a specialty were "specialty interest" (86.5%), "specialty flexibility" (64.3%), and "anticipated income" (61.9%). Statistically significant differences were noticed between genders regarding the following factors: "specialty prestige" (p<0.005) by males and "culture-no opposite gender patients" by females (p<0.009). CONCLUSION The overall two preferred specialties were general surgery (27%) and pediatrics (8.3%). Career counseling should be offered to students about each specialty's challenges/opportunities with an ultimate goal to match the country-specific demand and supply of physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University ; Oncology Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)
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Kinouani S, Boukhors G, Luaces B, Durieux W, Cadwallader JS, Aubin-Auger I, Gay B. Private or salaried practice: how do young general practitioners make their career choice? A qualitative study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 16:231. [PMID: 27585603 PMCID: PMC5009635 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-016-0754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young French postgraduates in general practice increasingly prefer salaried practice to private practice in spite of the financial incentives offered by the French government or local communities to encourage the latter. This study aimed to explore the determinants of choice between private or salaried practice among young general practitioners. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted in the South West of France. Semi-structured interviews of young general practitioners were audio-recorded until data saturation. Recordings were transcribed and then analyzed according to Grounded Theory by three researchers working independently. RESULTS Sixteen general practitioners participated in this study. For salaried and private doctors, the main factors governing their choice were occupational factors: working conditions, need of varied scope of practice, quality of the doctor-patient relationship or career flexibility. Other factors such as postgraduate training, having worked as a locum or self-interest were also determining. Young general practitioners all expected a work-life balance. The fee-for-service scheme or home visits may have discouraged young general practitioners from choosing private practice. CONCLUSIONS National health policies should increase the attractiveness of ambulatory general practice by promoting the diversification of modes of remuneration and encouraging the organization of group exercises in multidisciplinary medical homes and community health centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shérazade Kinouani
- Univ. Bordeaux, UMR1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, team HEALTHY, UMR1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of General Practice, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Département de Médecine générale, Université de Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, Case 148, 33076 Bordeaux, Cedex France
| | - Gary Boukhors
- Department of General Practice, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Baptiste Luaces
- Department of General Practice, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - William Durieux
- Department of General Practice, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Cadwallader
- Department of General Practice, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, School of Medicine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aubin-Auger
- Department of General Practice, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, F-75018 Paris, France
- EA Recherche Clinique Coordonnée Ville-Hôpital, Méthodologies et Société (REMES), F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Gay
- Department of General Practice, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Chan DM, Wong R, Runnels S, Muhizi E, McClain CD. Factors Influencing the Choice of Anesthesia as a Career by Undergraduates of the University of Rwanda. Anesth Analg 2016; 123:481-7. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jha RK, Paudel KR, Shah DK, Sah AK, Basnet S, Sah P, Adhikari S. Subject preferences of first- and second-year medical students for their future specialization at Chitwan Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal - a questionnaire-based study. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2015; 6:609-613. [PMID: 26635491 PMCID: PMC4646476 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s92534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The selection of a discipline for future specialization may be an important factor for the medical students' future career, and it is influenced by multiple factors. The interest of students in the early stages can be improved in subjects related to public health or of academic importance, as per need. METHODS A questionnaire-based study was conducted among 265 first- and second-year medical students of Chitwan Medical College, Nepal to find out their subject of preference for postgraduation and the factors affecting their selection along with their interesting basic science subject. Only the responses from 232 completely filled questionnaires were analyzed. RESULTS The preference of the students for clinical surgical (50.9%), clinical medical (45.3%), and basic medical (3.9%) sciences for postgraduation were in descending order. The most preferred specialty among male students was clinical surgical sciences (56.3%), and among female students, it was clinical medical sciences (53.6%). Although all the students responded to their preferred specialty, only 178 students specified the subject of their interest. General surgery (23.4%), pediatrics (23.4%), and anatomy (2.4%) were the most favored subjects for postgraduation among clinical surgical, clinical medical, and basic medical sciences specialties, respectively. More common reasons for selection of specific subject for future career were found to be: personal interests, good income, intellectual challenge, and others. CONCLUSION Many students preferred clinical surgical sciences for their future specialization. Among the reasons for the selection of the specialty for postgraduation, no significant reason could be elicited from the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Keshab R Paudel
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Dev K Shah
- Department of Physiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Ajit K Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | | | - Phoolgen Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Sandeep Adhikari
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
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Shultz CG, Chu MS, Yajima A, Skye EP, Sano K, Inoue M, Tsuda T, Fetters MD. The cultural context of teaching and learning sexual health care examinations in Japan: a mixed methods case study assessing the use of standardized patient instructors among Japanese family physician trainees of the Shizuoka Family Medicine Program. ASIA PACIFIC FAMILY MEDICINE 2015; 14:8. [PMID: 26451130 PMCID: PMC4597438 DOI: 10.1186/s12930-015-0025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to many western nations where family medicine is a cornerstone of the primary care workforce, in Japan the specialty is still developing. A number of services within the bailiwick of family medicine have yet to be fully incorporated into Japanese family medicine training programs, especially those associated with sexual health. This gap constitutes a lost opportunity for addressing sexual health-related conditions, including cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In this mixed methods case study we investigated the perceived acceptability and impact of a standardized patient instructor (SPI) program that trained Japanese family medicine residents in female breast, pelvic, male genital, and prostate examinations. CASE DESCRIPTION Building on an existing partnership between the University of Michigan, USA, and the Shizuoka Family Medicine Program, Japan, Japanese family medicine residents received SPI-based training in female breast, pelvic, male genital, and prostate examinations at the University of Michigan. A mixed methods case study targeting residents, trainers, and staff was employed using post-training feedback, semi-structured interviews, and web-based questionnaire. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION Residents' and SPIs' perceptions of the training were universally positive, with SPIs observing a positive effect on residents' knowledge, confidence, and skill. SPIs found specific instruction-related approaches to be particularly helpful, such as the positioning of the interpreter and the timing of interpreter use. SPIs provided an important opportunity for residents to learn about the patient's perspective and to practice newly learned skills. Respondents noted a general preference for gender concordance when providing gender-specific health care; also noted were too few opportunities to practice skills after returning to Japan. For cultural reasons, both residents and staff deemed it would be difficult to implement a similar SPI-based program within Japan. CONCLUSIONS While the SPI program was perceived favorably, without sufficient practice and supervision the skills acquired by residents during the training may not be fully retained. Deep-rooted taboos surrounding gender-specific health care appear to be a significant barrier preventing experimentation with SPI-based sexual health training in Japan. The feasibility of implementing a similar training program within Japan remains uncertain. More research is needed to understand challenges and how they can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G. Shultz
- />Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1213 USA
| | - Michael S. Chu
- />University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- />Virginia Mason Medical Center, Internal Medicine Residency, Seattle, Washington USA
| | - Ayaka Yajima
- />Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1213 USA
| | - Eric P. Skye
- />Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1213 USA
| | - Kiyoshi Sano
- />Department of Family Medicine, Tokushukai Hospital Corporation, Haibara General Hospital, Makinohara, Shizuoka Japan
| | - Machiko Inoue
- />Department of Family and Community Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Japan
| | - Tsukasa Tsuda
- />Akatchi Family Medicine Center, Kikugawa, Shizuoka Japan
| | - Michael D. Fetters
- />Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, 1018 Fuller Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1213 USA
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Correia Lima de Souza L, Mendonça VRR, Garcia GBC, Brandão EC, Barral-Netto M. Medical Specialty Choice and Related Factors of Brazilian Medical Students and Recent Doctors. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208007 PMCID: PMC4514603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choosing a medical specialty is an important, complex, and not fully understood process. The present study investigated the factors that are related to choosing and rejecting medical specialties in a group of students and recent medical doctors. METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS A cross-sectional survey of 1,223 medical students and doctors was performed in Brazil in 2012. A standardized literature-based questionnaire was applied that gathered preferable or rejected specialties, and asked questions about extracurricular experiences and the influence of 14 factors on a Likert-type scale from 0 to 4. Specialties were grouped according to lifestyle categories: controllable and uncontrollable, which were subdivided into primary care, internal medicine, and surgical specialties. Notably, the time period of rejection was usually earlier than the time period of intended choice (p < 0.0001, χ(2) = 107.2). The choice mainly occurred during the internship period in medical school (n = 466; 38.7%). An overall large frequency of participation in extracurricular activities was observed (n = 1,184; 95.8%), which were highly associated with the respective medical area. Orthopedic surgery had the highest correlation with participation in specialty-specific organized groups (OR = 59.9, 95% CI = 21.6-166.3) and psychiatry was correlated with participation in research groups (OR = 18.0, 95% CI = 9.0-36.2). With regard to influential factors in controllable lifestyle specialties, "financial reason" (mean score ± standard deviation: 2.8 ± 1.0; median = 3) and "personal time" (3.1 ± 1.3; median = 4) were important factors. In primary care, these factors were less important (1.7 ± 1.3 and 1.7 ± 1.5, respectively; median = 2 for both), and higher scores were observed for "curricular internship" (3.2 ± 1.1, median = 4) and "social commitment" (2.6 ± 1.3, median = 3). CONCLUSION The present findings provide important insights into developing strategies to stimulate interest in specialties based on the needs of the Brazilian healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Correia Lima de Souza
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Vitor R. R. Mendonça
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B. C. Garcia
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Investigação em Imunologia (iii-INCT), São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Okonta KE, Akpayak IC, Amusan EO, Ekpe EE, Adamu YB, Ocheli EO. Multi-center survey of House officers' choice of Medical specialties in Nigeria: preferences and determining factors. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 20:338. [PMID: 26175828 PMCID: PMC4491464 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.338.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine preferences and factors influencing the choice of medical specialties by House officers. Questionnaires were distributed to House-officers in 4 tertiary hospitals namely: the National hospital, Abuja, the University of Port-Harcourt, the Jos University, and the University of Uyo Teaching Hospitals. The data were simultaneously collected and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 version. Of the 150 questionnaires distributed, 129(86%) were duly filled. The mean age was 22.4 years (range 21-40 years), 79(61.2%) of the respondent were male. Fifty-nine(45.7%) chose training within the country while 32(24.8%) preferred outside as 107(86%) chose training in Teaching Hospitals. Teachers, Resident doctors and parents influenced choices in 34(26.3%), 17(13.1%) and 16(12.4%) respectively. Thirty-four(26.3%), 28 (21.7%), 13(10.1%) and 15(11.6%) preferred obstetrics, surgery, internal medicine and paediatrics respectively. Seventy (46.7%) chose specialties for personal likeness and 17(11.3%) for role models in that specialty. House officers preferred to pursue medical specialty in teaching hospitals within the country and they are motivated by personal fulfillment, independence of practice and role models while more prefer to specialize in more Obstetrics/ Gyaenocology and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eyo Effiong Ekpe
- Department of Surgery, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel Ossai Ocheli
- Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Tanriover O, Hidiroglu S, Akan H, Ay P, Erdogan Y, Karavus M, Vitrinel A, Hayran O. A Qualitative Study on Factors that Influence Turkish Medical Students' Decisions to Become Family Physicians After the Health Transformation Programme. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 6:278-83. [PMID: 25006564 PMCID: PMC4083530 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.134374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Turkey, general practitioners were authorized to work as family physicians without specialization, within the scope of the Health Transformation Programme, due to inadequate number of family medicine specialists since 2004. With this new implementation Family Medicine specialty became a less preferable option for medical students. AIMS The study was to investigate the perspectives of medical students and understand the issues to choose Family Medicine specialty as a career option. MATERIALS AND METHODS This qualitative study was performed with 48 final year medical students using a convenience sample from two medical universities. RESULTS Three main categories emerged from the data viewing Family Medicine 'as a specialty', 'as an employment', and finally 'as a system'. Very few students stated that Family Medicine would be their choice for specialty. CONCLUSIONS Family Medicine does not seem to be an attractive option in career planning by medical students. Several factors that may constrain students from choosing Family Medicine include: not perceiving Family Medicine as a field of expertise, and the adverse conditions at work which may originate from duality in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Tanriover
- Department of Family Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Hidiroglu
- Department of Public Health, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Akan
- Department of Family Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Ay
- Department of Public Health, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Erdogan
- Department of Family Medicine, Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melda Karavus
- Department of Family Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Vitrinel
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Hayran
- Department of Public Health, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Jones ML, Rush BR, Elmore RG, White BJ. Level of and motivation for extracurricular activity are associated with academic performance in the veterinary curriculum. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2014; 41:275-283. [PMID: 24981424 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.1213-163r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this project were to determine the number of school-sanctioned extracurricular opportunities available to veterinary students and characterize the policies of school administrations toward extracurricular involvement and academic standing. Further, we sought to describe the level of extracurricular involvement of veterinary students, determine the association between extracurricular activity involvement and academic performance, and determine the motivation for extracurricular involvement of veterinary students. Survey data were obtained from 18 associate deans of colleges of veterinary medicine regarding the number of extracurricular student organizations within their school and administrative recommendations regarding student involvement. Another survey was administered and responded to by 665 veterinary students enrolled in curricular years 1-3 at Kansas State University and Texas A&M University regarding their extracurricular involvement. Associate deans of 11 schools responded that they make formal or informal recommendations to students about extracurricular activities, workload, and academic priority (61.1%). In a multivariate model, students who participated two times per week or more had a significantly higher overall grade point average (GPA) than students participating once per week (p<.0500). Students for whom the primary reason for participation was networking or social enhancement had a significantly lower overall GPA than students for whom the primary reason was gaining new knowledge and skills (p<.0500). These results indicate that student extracurricular involvement is a consideration for administrators when counseling students in academic difficulty. Moderate levels of extracurricular involvement can contribute to the academic success of students, but students should temper their level of involvement based upon their own motivations.
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Wu MH, Yu JY, Huang CH. Theoretical system dynamics modeling for Taiwan pediatric workforce in an era of national health insurance and low birth rates. Pediatr Neonatol 2013; 54:389-96. [PMID: 23768948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an era of declining birth rates and a single-payer health care system, the pediatric workforce might overreact to its demands. System dynamics (SD) were therefore applied to establish models to predict the future need and demand for the pediatric workforce. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of population and workforce were extracted from national databases and models developed using Vensim software. RESULTS In the past decade, the child-to-pediatrician ratio correlated with infant mortality in Taiwan (p < 0.001, r(2) = 0.88, child-to-pediatrician ratio = 146 + 354 × infant mortality/1000 live births). Currently, the child-to-pediatrician ratio is 1742:1. Using the Millennium Development Goals (2.437/1000 live births) for infant mortality, the child-to-pediatrician ratio was estimated as 1009:1. The pediatric population model incorporated the birth and mortality rates in each age category, accurately predicted population changes between 1974 and 2010, and projected a decreasing trend until 2017. The pediatric workforce model, which considered rates of enrollment, completion, certification, and retention, predicted a decrease in the supply of pediatricians in the mid-2010s that could be delayed by policy incentives. When targeting the base scenario, the model indicated that discrepancies between demands and supply of pediatricians would occur in the late 2010s toward 2020. When targeting the Millennium Development Goals scenario, however, the discrepancies would be consistent. CONCLUSION Effective SD models were developed for the population and health care workforce. The strengths of the SD models are derived from simulation, which is subject to influence from new policies. Policies can, therefore, be examined and intervened in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hwan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gowin E, Horst-Sikorska W, Michalak M, Avonts D, Buczkowski K, Lukas W, Korman T, Litwiejko A, Chlabicz S. The attractiveness of family medicine among Polish medical students. Eur J Gen Pract 2013; 20:121-4. [DOI: 10.3109/13814788.2013.826643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abdulghani HM, Al-Shaikh G, Alhujayri AK, Alohaideb NS, Alsaeed HA, Alshohayeb IS, Alyahya MM, Alhaqwi AI, Shaik SA. What determines the selection of undergraduate medical students to the specialty of their future careers? MEDICAL TEACHER 2013; 35 Suppl 1:S25-30. [PMID: 23581893 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2013.765548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to understand the factors that influence the undergraduate medical students' specialties choice for the post-graduation. OBJECTIVES To identify the number of undergraduate medical students who decided their post-graduate specialty career, factors that may influence their decision to select a particular specialty, and their career specialties preference. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was used to achieve the objectives. RESULTS Less than half of the students (40.2%) showed a future specialty preference. Senior students and having background about specialties were the significant factors for career choices. General Surgery (27.4%), ENT-Ophthalmology (24.6%) and Internal Medicine (22%) were preferred specialties. Male students preferred General Surgery (15.7%), Internal Medicine (15%), ENT-Ophthalmology (12%) and Orthopedics (9.1%). Female students showed interest in ENT-Ophthalmology (12.1%), Surgery (11.7%), Pediatrics (10.8%) and Dermatology (8.2%). The least popular specialties were Community Medicine, (6.6%), Anesthesia, (6%) and Forensic Medicine (4.6%). Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyne) was a less popular branch even in female students. CONCLUSIONS General Surgery, ENT-Ophthalmology and Internal Medicine were the most preferred specialties, while Community Medicine, Forensic and Ob/Gyne, even for female students were least selected specialties. Proper information and counseling should be offered to students about the challenges and opportunities to select their future careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mohammad Abdulghani
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 230155, Riyadh 11321, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Fouzan R, Al-Ajlan S, Marwan Y, Al-Saleh M. Factors affecting future specialty choice among medical students in Kuwait. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2012; 17:19587. [PMID: 23272649 PMCID: PMC3529360 DOI: 10.3402/meo.v17i0.19587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choosing a medical specialty can be either a daunting and confusing experience for some medical students and junior doctors or a foregone conclusion to others. The aim of this study is to evaluate factors affecting future specialty choice among medical students in Kuwait University. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from medical students registered in Kuwait University during the academic year 2011/2012. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to test the association between deciding a future specialty and students' sociodemographic and academic factors. RESULTS Of the 422 students approached, 387 (91.7%) decided to participate. A total of 144 (37.2%) students made a decision regarding their choice of future medical specialty. Pediatrics, general surgery, and cardiology were the most desired specialties - 18 (12.5%), 17 (11.8%), and 16 (11.1%) students requested these specialties, respectively. Only 61 (42.4%) of those who selected a future specialty received advice regarding their choice. Looking for a good treatment outcome for patients (66; 45.8%) and a challenging specialty (58; 40.3%) were the most influencing incentives when selecting a future specialty. Students in the clinical phase of their study were 3.014 (95% CI: 1.498-6.065) more likely to report on their decision regarding a future specialty compared to students in the basic medical sciences phase (p=0.002). CONCLUSION A variety of factors appeared to inspire medical students in Kuwait to choose a future medical specialty. When identified, these factors can be used by mentors of medical students and directors of residency training programs to motivate students to choose specialties that are limited in Kuwait.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yousef Marwan
- Yousef Marwan, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Al-Jabriya, Kuwait, Tel: +00965–94060660.
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Selva Olid A, Zurro AM, Villa JJ, Hijar AM, Tuduri XM, Puime ÁO, Dalmau GM, Coello PA. Medical students' perceptions and attitudes about family practice: a qualitative research synthesis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2012; 12:81. [PMID: 22909189 PMCID: PMC3546071 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-12-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last decade medical students from most Western countries have shown little interest in family practice. Understanding the factors that influence medical students to choose family medicine is crucial. OBJECTIVE To systematically review and synthesize published evidence about medical students' attitudes and perceptions towards family practice. METHODS A qualitative systematic review. The literature search was undertaken in July 2010 in PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Two authors independently selected the studies for their inclusion and assessed their quality. The selected studies were thoroughly read. Key themes and categories were identified. A matrix was created for allowing the comparison of each theme across studies. RESULTS Ten studies were finally included. Seven broad themes were identified across them: 1) Scope and context of practice was a broad theme comprising linked sub-themes: perception of a varied specialty, broad practice, holistic perspective and flexibility that allows having a family; 2) Lower interest or intellectually less challenging: treating common disease, repetitive, quasi administrative job; 3) Influence of role models, either positive and negative, and society: negative comments from other professionals, peers and family; 4) Lower prestige; 5) Poor remuneration; 6) Medical school influences, being important both the length and quality of the exposure; 7) Post graduate training, where the shorter duration and the lower intensity were perceived as positive aspects. After identifying these seven key themes, were also looked into patterns in the distribution of these themes among studies. CONCLUSIONS Our qualitative review provides a comprehensive picture of medical students' attitudes towards family practice in the available literature. In general, although some students find family medicine appealing, it is regarded as a career of low interest and prestige. More research is needed on the influence of role models, medical school and post graduate training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Selva Olid
- The Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amando Martín Zurro
- Servicio Catalán de la Salud, División de Planificación y Evaluación Operativa, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Gran Via 587 àtic, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Jiménez Villa
- Servicio Catalán de la Salud, División de Planificación y Evaluación Operativa, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Gran Via 587 àtic, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
- Cátedra UAB-Novartis de Docencia e Investigación en Medicina de Familia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Monreal Hijar
- Cátedra UNIZAR-Novartis de Docencia e Investigación en Medicina de Familia y Atención Primaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Xavier Mundet Tuduri
- Cátedra UAB-Novartis de Docencia e Investigación en Medicina de Familia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Otero Puime
- Cátedra UAM-Novartis de Docencia e Investigación en Medicina de Familia y Atención Primaria, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Mas Dalmau
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, CIBERESP-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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