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Rainford J. Stripping back the novelty: A critical reflection on the dual use of a comic-based approach to engage participants and publics. METHODOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20597991211060681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been increasing use of comic-based approaches within qualitative research as part of an increase in creative and visual methods more generally within social science research. However, whilst increasingly prevalent in dissemination, their use within data collection is less common. This paper examines the dual use of a comic-based approach embedded within a study that explored widening participation in higher education. Initially developed for the triangulation of emergent research findings with a wider group of participants, a comic panel was developed to be used as a focus of discussions within a workshop with 11 practitioners. This was then further developed for wider dissemination and to create a space for dialogue and to engage wider publics with the study’s recommendations. Both uses are critically examined, highlighting the affordances of comic-based approaches such as their capacity for supporting dissemination to a wider audience by distilling the findings and presenting them in an engaging way. Furthermore, it argues that the form can allow for creating points of ambiguity that create spaces for the audience to challenge and question taken for granted assumptions on a topic. The paper also sets out possible challenges such the need for specialist skills, the potential for oversimplification and misrepresentation of complex issues. This paper argues that with careful planning, comic-based approaches can add significant value and increase engagement with research. Finally, it offers suggestions for how this approach could be developed by future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Rainford
- Access, Open and Cross-curricular Innovation, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
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Lloyd N, Kenny A, Hyett N. Evaluating health service outcomes of public involvement in health service design in high-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:364. [PMID: 33879149 PMCID: PMC8056601 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internationally, it is expected that health services will involve the public in health service design. Evaluation of public involvement has typically focused on the process and experiences for participants. Less is known about outcomes for health services. The aim of this systematic review was to a) identify and synthesise what is known about health service outcomes of public involvement and b) document how outcomes were evaluated. METHODS Searches were undertaken in MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL for studies that reported health service outcomes from public involvement in health service design. The review was limited to high-income countries and studies in English. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and critical appraisal guidelines for assessing the quality and impact of user involvement in health research. Content analysis was used to determine the outcomes of public involvement in health service design and how outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 93 articles were included. The majority were published in the last 5 years, were qualitative, and were located in the United Kingdom. A range of health service outcomes (discrete products, improvements to health services and system/policy level changes) were reported at various levels (service level, across services, and across organisations). However, evaluations of outcomes were reported in less than half of studies. In studies where outcomes were evaluated, a range of methods were used; most frequent were mixed methods. The quality of study design and reporting was inconsistent. CONCLUSION When reporting public involvement in health service design authors outline a range of outcomes for health services, but it is challenging to determine the extent of outcomes due to inadequate descriptions of study design and poor reporting. There is an urgent need for evaluations, including longitudinal study designs and cost-benefit analyses, to fully understand outcomes from public involvement in health service design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lloyd
- Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Amanda Kenny
- Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Nerida Hyett
- Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
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Jager M, de Zeeuw J, Tullius J, Papa R, Giammarchi C, Whittal A, de Winter AF. Patient Perspectives to Inform a Health Literacy Educational Program: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4300. [PMID: 31694299 PMCID: PMC6862529 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Patient-centred care is tailored to the needs of patients and is necessary for better health outcomes, especially for individuals with limited health literacy (LHL). However, its implementation remains challenging. The key to effectively address patient-centred care is to include perspectives of patients with LHL within the curricula of (future) healthcare providers (HCP). This systematic review aimed to explore and synthesize evidence on the needs, experiences and preferences of patients with LHL and to inform an existing educational framework. We searched three databases: PsychInfo, Medline and Cinahl, and extracted 798 articles. One-hundred and three articles met the inclusion criteria. After data extraction and thematic synthesis, key themes were identified. Patients with LHL and chronic diseases encounter multiple problems in the care process, which are often related to a lack of person-centeredness. Patient perspectives were categorized into four key themes: (1) Support system; (2) Patient self-management; (3) Capacities of HCPs; (4) Barriers in healthcare systems. "Cultural sensitivity" and "eHealth" were identified as recurring themes. A set of learning outcomes for (future) HCPs was developed based on our findings. The perspectives of patients with LHL provided valuable input for a comprehensive and person-centred educational framework that can enhance the relevance and quality of education for (future) HCPs, and contribute to better person-centred care for patients with LHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Jager
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.T.); (A.F.d.W.)
| | - Janine de Zeeuw
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.T.); (A.F.d.W.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Educational Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janne Tullius
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.T.); (A.F.d.W.)
| | - Roberta Papa
- Regional Health Agency Marche Region, 60125 Ancona, Italy; (R.P.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS INRCA, 60124 Ancona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giammarchi
- Regional Health Agency Marche Region, 60125 Ancona, Italy; (R.P.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS INRCA, 60124 Ancona, Italy
| | - Amanda Whittal
- Department of Psychology & Methods, Jacobs University, 28759 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Andrea F. de Winter
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.T.); (A.F.d.W.)
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Junhasavasdikul D, Sukhato K, Srisangkaew S, Theera-Ampornpunt N, Anothaisintawee T, Dellow A. Cartoon versus traditional self-study handouts for medical students: CARTOON randomized controlled trial. MEDICAL TEACHER 2017; 39:836-843. [PMID: 28539065 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2017.1324137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of a "cartoon-style" handout with a "traditional-style" handout in a self-study assignment for preclinical medical students. METHODS Third-year medical students (n = 93) at the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, took a pre-learning assessment of their knowledge of intercostal chest drainage. They were then randomly allocated to receive either a "cartoon-style" or a "traditional-style" handout on the same topic. After studying these over a 2-week period, students completed a post-learning assessment and estimated their levels of reading completion. RESULTS Of the 79 participants completing the post-learning test, those in the cartoon-style group achieved a score 13.8% higher than the traditional-style group (p = 0.018). A higher proportion of students in the cartoon-style group reported reading ≥75% of the handout content (70.7% versus 42.1%). In post-hoc analyses, students whose cumulative grade point averages (GPA) from previous academic assessments were in the middle and lower range achieved higher scores with the cartoon-style handout than with the traditional one. In the lower-GPA group, the use of a cartoon-style handout was independently associated with a higher score. CONCLUSIONS Students given a cartoon-style handout reported reading more of the material and achieved higher post-learning test scores than students given a traditional handout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detajin Junhasavasdikul
- a Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Kanokporn Sukhato
- b Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Suthan Srisangkaew
- c Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt
- d Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Thunyarat Anothaisintawee
- b Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Alan Dellow
- e Medical Education Section, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
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King AJ. Using Comics to Communicate About Health: An Introduction to the Symposium on Visual Narratives and Graphic Medicine. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 32:523-524. [PMID: 27541931 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1211063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy J King
- a Department of Public Relations Texas Tech University
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Labrecque ME, Coutu MF, Durand MJ, Fassier JB, Loisel P. Using Cartoons to Transfer Knowledge Concerning the Principles of Work Disability Prevention Among Stakeholders. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2016; 26:141-149. [PMID: 26149618 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-015-9595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study assesses how well two cartoons transfer knowledge of principles of work disability prevention among stakeholders, according to their level of experience. We also document stakeholders' perceptions of the usefulness of the cartoons. Method We performed a descriptive study. Two groups of stakeholders were recruited: (1) experienced (working for more than 2 years in work disability), (2) non-experienced (in training). A self-administered questionnaire with open-ended questions documented stakeholders' understanding of each cartoon box and their perception of the possible usefulness of the cartoons. We transformed qualitative responses into quantitative responses for descriptive purposes. We performed independent t tests to compare the groups' level of understanding, and content analysis for the perception of usefulness. Results Overall, 149 stakeholders (50 experienced and 99 non-experienced) participated and identified 79.4 and 61.4 % of all principles presented in each of the two cartoons respectively. Experienced stakeholders identified more principles compared to non-experienced stakeholders (p = 0.007). Both cartoons were perceived to be useful for knowledge transfer. Conclusions Principles were generally well identified in the cartoons by all participants. Cartoons can be used as an effective tool among stakeholders to achieve a common understanding in order to coordinate their actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Elise Labrecque
- Hopital Charles-LeMoyne Research Center and School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-lemoyne, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Marie-France Coutu
- Hopital Charles-LeMoyne Research Center and School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-lemoyne, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.
| | - Marie-José Durand
- Hopital Charles-LeMoyne Research Center and School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-lemoyne, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fassier
- Hopital Charles-LeMoyne Research Center and School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, 150 Place Charles-lemoyne, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
- Hospices Civils de Lyon/UMRESTTE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Loisel
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Myall M, May CR, Grimmett C, May CM, Calman L, Richardson A, Foster CL. RESTORE: an exploratory trial of a web-based intervention to enhance self-management of cancer-related fatigue: findings from a qualitative process evaluation. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2015; 15:94. [PMID: 26577690 PMCID: PMC4650501 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-015-0214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue is a distressing symptom experienced by many after cancer treatment. An exploratory randomised controlled trial was conducted to test proof of concept of RESTORE: a web-based tool to enhance self-efficacy to manage cancer-related fatigue. This paper reports findings from a qualitative process evaluation to determine feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and trial processes. METHOD Qualitative process evaluation carried out at the end of the trial to explore participants' experiences using semi-structured telephone interviews with a purposive sample of participants from both trial arms. Normalisation Process Theory informed data collection and analysis. Analysis involved directed content analysis within a Framework Approach. RESULTS Nineteen participants took part. They understood the purpose and requirements of the trial and identified beneficial outcomes from taking part. For the majority, the work of the trial was easily accommodated into daily routines and did not require new skills. There were mixed views about the value of the information provided by RESTORE, depending on time since diagnosis and treatment. Personal factors, constraints of the intervention, and environmental context inhibited the integration and embedding of RESTORE into everyday life. Access to the intervention at an early stage in the treatment trajectory was important to effective utilisation, as were individual preferences for delivery of information. CONCLUSION The theoretical foundations of the intervention were sound. Participants derived benefits from the intervention but barriers to implementation and integration suggest that RESTORE and the trial processes require some modification before testing in a full trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN67521059 (10(th) October 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Myall
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Health Sciences, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Carl R May
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Health Sciences, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Chloe Grimmett
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Health Sciences, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Christine M May
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Health Sciences, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Lynn Calman
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Health Sciences, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Alison Richardson
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Health Sciences, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Claire L Foster
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Health Sciences, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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