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Pliszka M, Szablewski L. Associations between Diabetes Mellitus and Selected Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7476. [PMID: 39000583 PMCID: PMC11242587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality and is the second leading cause of death. Diabetes mellitus is a serious and growing problem worldwide, and its prevalence continues to grow; it is the 12th leading cause of death. An association between diabetes mellitus and cancer has been suggested for more than 100 years. Diabetes is a common disease diagnosed among patients with cancer, and evidence indicates that approximately 8-18% of patients with cancer have diabetes, with investigations suggesting an association between diabetes and some particular cancers, increasing the risk for developing cancers such as pancreatic, liver, colon, breast, stomach, and a few others. Breast and colorectal cancers have increased from 20% to 30% and there is a 97% increased risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or endometrial cancer. On the other hand, a number of cancers and cancer therapies increase the risk of diabetes mellitus. Complications due to diabetes in patients with cancer may influence the choice of cancer therapy. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of the associations between diabetes mellitus and cancer are still unknown. The aim of this review is to summarize the association of diabetes mellitus with selected cancers and update the evidence on the underlying mechanisms of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pliszka
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego Str. 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Szablewski
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego Str. 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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Tobe A, Horimoto Y, Kobayashi K, Kamisada N, Hirano M. Impact of Diabetes on Patient Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients. Breast Care (Basel) 2022; 17:480-485. [PMID: 36684403 PMCID: PMC9851070 DOI: 10.1159/000524513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes and the etiology of breast cancer are clearly associated. However, the impact of diabetes on prognosis is not yet understood. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine the relationship between diabetes and patient outcomes in breast cancer patients. Methods We investigated 332 Japanese women with breast cancer who underwent curative surgery at our hospital. Patients without sufficient clinical information including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and those with an observation period of less than 1 year were excluded. Results Among the patients examined, 106 had diabetes at the time of their breast cancer diagnosis. Among the 296 patients with invasive breast carcinoma, 36 patients developed distant metastases during the mean observation period of 45 months. Sixteen patients died due to breast cancer, while 13 died of other causes. Multivariate analysis revealed that diabetes, tumor size, and estrogen receptor (ER) status were independent factors related to distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (p = 0.038, p < 0.001, and p = 0.006, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis revealed that diabetes negatively affected the outcomes of ER-negative breast cancer patients both in DMFS and overall survival (p = 0.045 and p = 0.029, respectively). Meanwhile, patient outcomes did not differ according to the level of HbA1c in diabetes patients. Conclusion Patients with diabetes had a significantly shorter DMFS, and the negative effect of diabetes on patient outcomes was more evident in ER-negative breast cancer. Our data indicates the importance of primary prevention of diabetes for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tobe
- aDepartment of Breast Surgery, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan,bDepartment of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Horimoto
- bDepartment of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,*Yoshiya Horimoto,
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- cDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolism, Chiba Kaihin Municipal Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kamisada
- aDepartment of Breast Surgery, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Hirano
- aDepartment of Breast Surgery, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Thani I, Kasbe T. Expert system based on fuzzy rules for diagnosing breast cancer. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-022-00643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Ge Q, Li M, Xu Z, Qi Z, Zheng H, Cao Y, Huang H, Duan X, Zhuang X. Comparison of different obesity indices associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among different sex and age groups in Nantong, China: a cross-section study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:20. [PMID: 34979974 PMCID: PMC8725504 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02713-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the obesity index that is most closely related to type 2 diabetes remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the associations of five anthropometric indices (body mass index [BMI], body adiposity index, waist circumference [WC], waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) with T2DM among Chinese adults divided into four groups according to sex and age. Methods A total of 4007 adult participants (1669 men and 2338 women) were included in the study. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were used with binary logistic regression models to estimate the risk of T2DM for each obesity index. Furthermore, we compared the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of each obesity index for the criterion of T2DM under the influence of risk factors. Results WC had the highest OR (3.211 and 1.452) and AUC (0.783 and 0.614) in both age groups of men. However, WHtR (OR = 2.366, AUC = 0.771) and BMI (OR = 1.596, AUC = 0.647) were the optimal criteria for predicting T2DM among females in the 18–59 and ≥ 60 years age groups, respectively. Conclusions This study suggests that there is a positive association between obesity-related anthropometric indices and T2DM in different sex and age groups. WC appears to be the optimal anthropometric index for predicting T2DM in men. The optimal obesity indices related to T2DM were WHtR and BMI for women aged 18–59 and ≥ 60 years, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Zhengcheng Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Zhigang Qi
- Nantong Chongchuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226000, China
| | - Huiyan Zheng
- Nantong Chongchuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226000, China
| | - Yuxin Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Xiaoyang Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Xun Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
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Hao Y, Jiang M, Miao Y, Li X, Hou C, Zhang X, Chen H, Zhong X, Li J. Effect of long-term weight gain on the risk of breast cancer across women's whole adulthood as well as hormone-changed menopause stages: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:439-448. [PMID: 34456166 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adult weight gain is a good indicator of excess body fatness for breast cancer risk. However, little is known about the effect of weight gain during other special periods in women's lifetime. A publication search in PubMed and Embase through April 2020 was conducted. A primary meta-analysis comparing the highest and lowest category and a secondary meta-analysis based on dose-response meta-analysis were performed to calculate risk estimates with 95% confidence intervals using a random-effects model. For postmenopausal breast cancer, the relative risk for highest vs. lowest category of adult weight gain and weight gain since menopause were 1.55 and 1.59 (RR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.40, 1.71; RR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.05). For per 5 kg increase in adult weight gain, the summary RR of postmenopausal breast cancer was 1.08 (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.09), which is much stronger in Asian women (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.47). There was no significant finding among premenopausal women (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.21). Same as adult weight gain, weight gain since menopause might be an equivalent predictor for postmenopausal breast cancer risk. More studies are warranted to confirm the magnitude of this association further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan Univetsity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Menglu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan Univetsity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunqi Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan Univetsity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan Univetsity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Can Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan Univetsity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan Univetsity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan Univetsity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhong
- Department of Head, Neck and Mammary Gland Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, Clinical Research Center for Breast, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan Univetsity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Wang M, Yang Y, Liao Z. Diabetes and cancer: Epidemiological and biological links. World J Diabetes 2020; 11:227-238. [PMID: 32547697 PMCID: PMC7284016 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i6.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes and cancer has increased significantly in recent years. Furthermore, there are many common risk factors for both diabetes and cancer, such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and ageing. A large body of epidemiological evidence has indicated that diabetes is considered as an independent risk factor for increased rates of heterogeneous types of cancer occurrence and death. The incidence and mortality of various types of cancer, such as pancreas, liver, colorectal, breast, endometrial, and bladder cancers, have a modest growth in diabetics. However, diabetes may work as a protective factor for prostate cancer. Although the underlying biological mechanisms have not been totally understood, studies have validated that insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis (including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and IGF), hyperglycemia, inflammatory cytokines, and sex hormones provide good circumstances for cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Insulin/IGF axis activates several metabolic and mitogenic signaling pathways; hyperglycemia provides energy for cancer cell growth; inflammatory cytokines influence cancer cell apoptosis. Thus, these three factors affect all types of cancer, while sex hormones only play important roles in breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and prostate cancer. This minireview consolidates and discusses the epidemiological and biological links between diabetes and various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- The Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Neuromodulation, Beijing 100010, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17177, Sweden
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Eketunde AO. Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer. Cureus 2020; 12:e8010. [PMID: 32528752 PMCID: PMC7279688 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most important chronic conditions worldwide, and breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. Several types of research have been conducted to ascertain the link between diabetes and its potential for increasing the risk of breast cancer. This research aims to determine the relationship between diabetes and breast cancer; patients with diabetes have a higher risk than the general population of developing cancer, and diabetes patients have a higher incidence and mortality of breast cancer. This research also reviewed the relationship between cytokines, the mitogenic effect of insulin-like growth factors, and breast cells. The review includes searching the PubMed database using the keywords "diabetes," "breast cancer," "risk factor," and "premenopausal." The search returned 53 articles used for review of this article.
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Cai H, Everett RS, Thakker DR. Efficacious dose of metformin for breast cancer therapy is determined by cation transporter expression in tumours. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2724-2735. [PMID: 31032880 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been extensively reported that the leading anti-diabetic drug, metformin, exerts significant anticancer effects. This hydrophilic, cationic drug requires cation transporters for cellular entry where it activates its intracellular target, the AMPK signalling pathway. However, clinical results on metformin therapy (used at antidiabetic doses) for breast cancer are ambiguous. It is likely that the antidiabetic dose is inadequate in patients that have breast tumours with low cation transporter expression, resulting in non-responsiveness to the drug. We postulate that cation transporter expression and metformin dose are key determinants in its antitumour efficacy in breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Antitumour efficacy of metformin was compared between low cation transporter-expressing MCF-7 breast tumours and MCF-7 tumours overexpressing organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3-MCF7). A dose-response relationship of metformin in combination with standard-of-care paclitaxel (for oestrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast tumours) or carboplatin (for triple-negative MDA-MB-468 breast tumours) was investigated in xenograft mice. KEY RESULTS Metformin had greater efficacy against tumours with higher cation transporter expression, as observed in OCT3-MCF7 versus MCF-7 tumours and MDA-MB-468 versus MCF-7 tumours. In MCF-7 tumours, a threefold higher metformin dose was required to achieve intratumoural exposure that was comparable to exposure in MDA-MB-468 tumours and enhance antitumour efficacy of standard-of-care in MCF-7 tumours versus MDA-MB-468 tumours. Antitumour efficacy correlated with intratumoural AMPK activation and metformin concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS An efficacious metformin dose for breast cancer varies among tumour subtypes based on cation transporter expression, which provides a useful guide for dose selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ruth S Everett
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dhiren R Thakker
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Xu HL, Zhang ML, Yan YJ, Fang F, Guo Q, Xu DL, Zhang ZF, Zhang F, Zhao NQ, Xu WH, Qin GY. Body mass index and cancer risk among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:795. [PMID: 30081866 PMCID: PMC6080536 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and diabetes are two risk factors for cancer. To evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) with cancer risk in diabetic patients may improve current understanding of potential mechanisms. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 51,004 newly diagnosed T2DM patients derived from an electronic health record (EHR) database of Minhang district in Shanghai, China. Incident cancer cases and all-cause deaths occurred before September 30, 2015 were identified by linking with the Shanghai Cancer Registry and the Shanghai Vital Statistics. To examine the potential non-linear and linear relationships of BMI and cancer risk, Cox proportional hazard models with and without restricted cubic spline functions were used, respectively. Results A non-linear association was observed between BMI and overall cancer incidence in men younger than 60 years old (p for non-linearity = 0.009). Compared with those having BMI of 25.0 kg/m2, the cancer risk increased in those with either lower or higher BMI. In women older than 60 years old, linear dose-response relationships were observed between BMI and the risk of both overall cancer and breast cancer. As each unit increase in BMI, the overall cancer risks elevated by 3% (95%CI: 1–5%) and the breast cancer risks increased by 7% (95%CI: 1–13%). No significant association was observed between BMI and other common cancer sites. Conclusions Our results show that the effect of BMI on cancer risk in Chinese patients with T2DM may vary by gender, age and cancer subtypes, suggesting different underlying biological mechanisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4675-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Minhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 965 Zhong Yi Road, Shanghai, 201101, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min-Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhong Shan Road, Shanghai, 200336, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Yan
- Shanghai Minhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 965 Zhong Yi Road, Shanghai, 201101, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qi Guo
- Shanghai Minhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 965 Zhong Yi Road, Shanghai, 201101, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Li Xu
- Shanghai Minhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 965 Zhong Yi Road, Shanghai, 201101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fen Zhang
- Shanghai Minhang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 965 Zhong Yi Road, Shanghai, 201101, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Qing Zhao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Hong Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-You Qin
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Kachhawa P, Kachhawa K, Agrawal D, Sinha V, Sarkar PD, Kumar S. Association of Dyslipidemia, Increased Insulin Resistance, and Serum CA 15-3 with Increased Risk of Breast Cancer in Urban Areas of North and Central India. J Midlife Health 2018; 9:85-91. [PMID: 29962807 PMCID: PMC6006799 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_77_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to determine the association of dyslipidemia and increased insulin resistance (IR) with increased breast cancer (BC) risk. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 110 premenopausal and 143 postmenopausal, untreated female BC patients in the age range of 29–72 years. Control group consisted of 117 premenopausal and 141 postmenopausal healthy females in the age range of 23–75. Approximately 8-ml blood samples were drawn to measure various biochemical parameters. Serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were measured. Very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and LDL-C were calculated using Friedewald's formula. Serum insulin and serum CA 15-3 were estimated by immune enzymatic assay. IR was assessed using homeostasis model assessment IR index (HOMA-IR). Results: Clinical variables in the case and control groups were compared using the unpaired Student's t-test. The crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by binary logistic regression analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the association between CA 15-3 and variables of interest. Total cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL, serum glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum CA 15-3 were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in BC patients compared to those in controls. Significant adjusted ORs with 95% CI were found to be fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and TGs. We also found a significant positive correlation between total cholesterol, TG, LDL, serum glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, and serum CA 15-3. Conclusion: This study confirms the association between dyslipidemia, IR, and increased BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kachhawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal Kachhawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahaveer Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Agrawal
- Department of Anatomy, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Purnima Dey Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
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11
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Lee KR, Hwang IC, Han KD, Jung J, Seo MH. Waist circumference and risk of breast cancer in Korean women: A nationwide cohort study. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:1554-1559. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Rae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine; Gachon University Dong Incheon Gil Hospital; Incheon South Korea
| | - In Cheol Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine; Gachon University Gil Medical Center; Incheon South Korea
| | - Kyung Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics; Catholic University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jinhyung Jung
- Department of Biostatistics; Catholic University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Mi Hae Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Internal Medicine, Gumi Sonnchunhyang Hospital; Gumi South Korea
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Rossi EL, Dunlap SM, Bowers LW, Khatib SA, Doerstling SS, Smith LA, Ford NA, Holley D, Brown PH, Estecio MR, Kusewitt DF, deGraffenried LA, Bultman SJ, Hursting SD. Energy Balance Modulation Impacts Epigenetic Reprogramming, ERα and ERβ Expression, and Mammary Tumor Development in MMTV-neu Transgenic Mice. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2500-2511. [PMID: 28373182 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The association between obesity and breast cancer risk and prognosis is well established in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease but less clear in HER2-positive disease. Here, we report preclinical evidence suggesting weight maintenance through calorie restriction (CR) may limit risk of HER2-positive breast cancer. In female MMTV-HER2/neu transgenic mice, we found that ERα and ERβ expression, mammary tumorigenesis, and survival are energy balance dependent in association with epigenetic reprogramming. Mice were randomized to receive a CR, overweight-inducing, or diet-induced obesity regimen (n = 27/group). Subsets of mice (n = 4/group/time point) were euthanized after 1, 3, and 5 months to characterize diet-dependent metabolic, transcriptional, and epigenetic perturbations. Remaining mice were followed up to 22 months. Relative to the overweight and diet-induced obesity regimens, CR decreased body weight, adiposity, and serum metabolic hormones as expected and also elicited an increase in mammary ERα and ERβ expression. Increased DNA methylation accompanied this pattern, particularly at CpG dinucleotides located within binding or flanking regions for the transcriptional regulator CCCTC-binding factor of ESR1 and ESR2, consistent with sustained transcriptional activation of ERα and ERβ. Mammary expression of the DNA methylation enzyme DNMT1 was stable in CR mice but increased over time in overweight and diet-induced obesity mice, suggesting CR obviates epigenetic alterations concurrent with chronic excess energy intake. In the survival study, CR elicited a significant suppression in spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis. Overall, our findings suggest a mechanistic rationale to prevent or reverse excess body weight as a strategy to reduce HER2-positive breast cancer risk. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2500-11. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Rossi
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sarah M Dunlap
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Subreen A Khatib
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura A Smith
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nikki A Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Darcy Holley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marcos R Estecio
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas
| | - Donna F Kusewitt
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas
| | | | - Scott J Bultman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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13
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Yamamoto-Honda R, Takahashi Y, Yoshida Y, Kwazu S, Iwamoto Y, Kajio H, Yanai H, Mishima S, Shimbo T, Noda M. Body mass index and the risk of cancer incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan: Results from the National Center Diabetes Database. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 7:908-914. [PMID: 27181076 PMCID: PMC5089955 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Both type 2 diabetes and obesity increase the risk of some types of cancers, and underlying mechanisms are thought to be, at least in part, common. In the present study, we carried out a retrospective cohort study of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) categories and cancer development in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 113 incident cancers including 35 cancers whose incidence was reported to be increased by obesity (27 colorectal cancers, two breast cancers in postmenopausal women, one endometrial cancer, four renal cancers and one gallbladder cancer) were identified in 2,334 type 2 diabetic patients (1,616 men and 718 women) over an average observation period of 5.1 years. RESULTS In men, there was no significant association between the BMI categories at the start of the observation period and the development of any cancer. In contrast, the incidence of all of the cancers in the women was significantly higher in the group with a BMI of less than 22.0 kg/m2 (hazard ratio 3.07, 95% CI 1.01-9.36). In either sex, there was no significant relationship between the BMI categories and the development of cancers whose risk is known to be increased by obesity. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study were limited by the relatively small number of patients in the cohort, which posed a danger of not finding significance. However, the results suggested that obesity did not become an additional risk factor for cancer in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Yamamoto-Honda
- Research Institute, Department of Diabetes Research and Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Takahashi
- Research Institute, Department of Diabetes Research and Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoko Yoshida
- The Institute for Adult Disease, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Kwazu
- The Institute for Adult Disease, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Iwamoto
- The Institute for Adult Disease, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajio
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Mishima
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Research Institute, Department of Diabetes Research and Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
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14
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Simone V, D'Avenia M, Argentiero A, Felici C, Rizzo FM, De Pergola G, Silvestris F. Obesity and Breast Cancer: Molecular Interconnections and Potential Clinical Applications. Oncologist 2016; 21:404-17. [PMID: 26865587 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is an important risk factor for breast cancer (BC) in postmenopausal women; interlinked molecular mechanisms might be involved in the pathogenesis. Increased levels of estrogens due to aromatization of the adipose tissue, inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and prostaglandin E2, insulin resistance and hyperactivation of insulin-like growth factors pathways, adipokines, and oxidative stress are all abnormally regulated in obese women and contribute to cancerogenesis. These molecular factors interfere with intracellular signaling in the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatydilinositol-3-phosphate/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, which regulate the progression of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and protein synthesis. In this context, structural defects of typical genes related to both BC and obesity, such as leptin, leptin receptor, serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1, the fat mass and obesity-associated gene and melanocortin receptor 4, have been associated with a high or low risk of BC development. The early detection of these gene alterations might be useful as risk predictors in obese women, and targeting these pathways involved in the BC pathogenesis in obese women is a potential therapeutic tool. In particular, mTOR pathway deregulation concurs in both obesity and BC, and inhibition of this might disrupt the molecular interlinks in a similar manner to that of metformin, which exerts definite anticancer activity and is currently used as an antidiabetic drug with a weight-reducing property. The identification of both genetic and pharmacological implications on the prevention and management of BC is the ultimate aim of these studies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Obese women are at risk of breast cancer, but clinicians lack concrete tools for the prevention or early diagnosis of this risk. The present study, starting from the biology and the molecular defects characterizing both obesity and breast cancer, analyzed the potential molecules and genetic defects whose early identification could delineate a risk profile. Three steps are proposed that are potentially achievable in the clinical assessment of obese women, namely the evaluation of altered levels of serum molecules, the identification of genetic polymorphisms, and the study of the transcriptomic profile of premalignant lesions. Finally, the therapeutic implications of this molecular assessment were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Morena D'Avenia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Argentiero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Felici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "A. Moro," Bari, Italy
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15
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Haseen SD, Khanam A, Sultan N, Idrees F, Akhtar N, Imtiaz F. Elevated fasting blood glucose is associated with increased risk of breast cancer: outcome of case-control study conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:675-8. [PMID: 25684506 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several validated risk factors for breast cancer. However the legitimacy of elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) is not well established. This study was designed to assess this parameter as a risk factor for breast cancer among pre- and post-menopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi from June 2010 to August 2014. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data of study subjects comprising 175 diagnosed breast cancer patients with positive histopathology from Breast Clinic, surgical unit-1, Civil Hospital, Karachi and 175 healthy controls from various screening programs. Blood samples were analyzed for FBG and serum insulin. RESULTS FBG, HOMA-IR, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly raised in breast cancer cases when compared to control subjects. Cases and controls were further categorized in to two groups using cutoff value of 110 mg/dl to distinguish subjects into normal fasting glucose (<110 mg/dl) and having impaired fasting glucose (≥110-≤125 mg/dl) or diabetes (≥126 mg/dl). Odds ratios were found to be 1.57, 2.15 and 1.17 in overall, pre-menopausal and post-menopausal groups, respectively. (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS A statistically significant risk of breast cancer exists in women having elevated fasting blood glucose levels, corresponding to prediabetes and diabetes, among pre and postmenopausal ages, with comparatively greater effects in the premenopausal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Danish Haseen
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan E-mail :
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16
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Yasir M, Angelakis E, Bibi F, Azhar EI, Bachar D, Lagier JC, Gaborit B, Hassan AM, Jiman-Fatani AA, Alshali KZ, Robert C, Dutour A, Raoult D. Comparison of the gut microbiota of people in France and Saudi Arabia. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e153. [PMID: 25915742 PMCID: PMC4423199 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The gut microbiota contributes to energy acquisition from food, and changes in the gut microbiome are associated with obesity. The eating habits of Saudis are much different than those of Europeans, and our objective was to compare the fecal microbiota of obese and normal weight Saudis and French. Subjects/Methods: Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing was used to test the gut microbiota of 9 normal weight and 9 obese individuals from Saudi Arabia and 16 normal weight and 12 obese individuals from France. Results: Obese French possessed significantly more relative Proteobacteria (P=0.002) and Bacteroidetes (P=0.05) and had lower richness and biodiversity at all the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) cutoffs (P<0.05) than normal weight French. Obese Saudis possessed significantly more Firmicutes (P=0.001) without a difference in richness (P=0.2) and biodiversity (P=0.3) compared with normal weight Saudis. We found a common bacterial species core of 23 species existing in ⩾50% of obese and normal weight Saudis and 29 species in ⩾50% of obese and normal weight French. Actinomyces odontolyticus, Escherichia coli and Ruminococcus obeum were present in at least 50% of all individuals tested. French individuals had significantly higher richness and biodiversity compared with Saudis at all the OTU cutoffs (P<0.05). Conclusion: Microbiota differences between obese and normal weight French were not similar to those between obese and normal weight Saudis. The studies of different populations can result in contrasting data regarding the associations of the gut microbiota and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Angelakis
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - F Bibi
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - E I Azhar
- 1] Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia [2] Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Bachar
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - J-C Lagier
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - B Gaborit
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - A M Hassan
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - A A Jiman-Fatani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Z Alshali
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Robert
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - A Dutour
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - D Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE CNRS-IRD 198 UMR 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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17
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Wang F, Yu ZG. Current status of breast cancer prevention in China. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2015; 1:2-8. [PMID: 29062980 PMCID: PMC5643782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi-Gang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
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18
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Liu J, Xu A, Lam KSL, Wong NS, Chen J, Shepherd PR, Wang Y. Cholesterol-induced mammary tumorigenesis is enhanced by adiponectin deficiency: role of LDL receptor upregulation. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1804-18. [PMID: 24113220 PMCID: PMC3858565 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine that can suppress the proliferation of various human carcinoma cells. Although its anti-tumor activities have been suggested by many clinical investigations and animal studies, the underlying mechanisms are not fully characterized. In MMTV-polyomavirus middle T antigen (MMTV-PyVT) transgenic mice models, reduced- or complete loss-of-adiponectin expression promotes mammary tumor development. The present study demonstrated that while tumor development in control MMTV-PyVT mice is associated with a progressively decreased circulating cholesterol concentration, adiponectin deficient MMTV-PyVT mice showed significantly elevated total- and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels. Cholesterol contents in tumors derived from adiponectin deficient mice were dramatically augmented. High fat high cholesterol diet further accelerated the tumor development in adiponectin deficient PyVT mice. The protein levels of LDL receptor (LDLR) were found to be upregulated in adiponectin-deficient tumor cells. In human breast carcinoma cells, treatment with LDL-cholesterol or overexpressing LDLR elevates nuclear beta-catenin activity and facilitates tumor cell proliferation. On the other hand, adiponectin decreased LDLR protein expression in breast cancer cells and inhibited LDL-cholesterol-induced tumor cell proliferation. Both in vivo and in vitro evidence demonstrated a stimulatory effect of adiponectin on autophagy process, which mediated the down-regulation of LDLR. Adiponectin-induced reduction of LDLR was blocked by treatment with a specific inhibitor of autophagy, 3-methyladenine. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that adiponectin elicits tumor suppressive effects by modulating cholesterol homeostasis and LDLR expression in breast cancer cells, which is at least in part attributed to its role in promoting autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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19
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Alokail MS, Al-Daghri NM, Mohammed AK, Vanhoutte P, Alenad A. Increased TNF α, IL-6 and ErbB2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood leukocytes from breast cancer patients. Med Oncol 2014; 31:38. [PMID: 24961464 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with increased incidence and mortality of breast cancer. The precise relation between obesity and breast cancer is yet to be determined, with few studies linking them with altered serum levels adipokines and inflammatory cytokines. The relevance of the expression of genes encoding for adipokines and inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood and their contribution to obesity and breast cancer has not been fully investigated. We aim to identify potential transcriptional biomarkers in blood samples that may assist to underpin the link between obesity and breast cancer. Therefore, have investigated whether or not the expression levels, of selected genes [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL-6), adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), tumor protein 53 (TP53) and erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene 2 (ErbB2)] were altered in blood samples of lean, overweight/obese and breast cancer subjects. Blood samples were obtained from 37 lean, 19 overweight/obese and 12 breast cancer patients. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to detect TNFα, IL-6, adiponectin, leptin, CRP, PTH, TP53 and ErbB2 gene transcripts. Transcript levels of TNFα were significantly higher by 1.4-fold and 2.1-fold in blood cells of overweight/obese and breast cancer patients, respectively, compared with lean control subjects. Transcript levels of IL-6 were significantly higher by 2.3-fold in blood cells from breast cancer patients compared with lean control subjects with normal body mass index, and no significant difference was found in the expression level of IL-6 transcripts between overweight/obese and lean control subjects. The ErbB2 transcript levels were significantly higher by 4.72-fold compared to lean control subjects and were also significantly higher compared to overweight/obese subjects. Breast cancer and obesity are associated with altered mRNA levels of cytokines and tumor marker in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed S Alokail
- Biomarkers Research Program, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Simonavice E, Liu PY, Ilich JZ, Kim JS, Arjmandi B, Panton LB. The effects of a 6-month resistance training and dried plum consumption intervention on strength, body composition, blood markers of bone turnover, and inflammation in breast cancer survivors. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:730-9. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resistance training (RT) and dried plum (DP) consumption on strength, body composition, blood markers of bone, and inflammation in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Twenty-three BCS (RT, n = 12; RT+DP, n = 11), aged 64 ± 7 years, were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months of intervention on the following: muscular strength (chest press and leg extension) via 1-repetition maximums (1RMs); body composition, specifically bone mineral density (BMD) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; biochemical markers of bone turnover (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP-5b)); and inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP)). Target RT prescription was 2 days/week of 10 exercises, including 2 sets of 8–12 repetitions at ∼60%–80% of 1RM. RT+DP also consumed 90 g of DP daily. There were no baseline differences between groups or any group-by-time interactions for any of the variables. BCS increased upper (p < 0.05) (RT: 64 ± 14 to 80 ± 17 kg; RT+DP: 72 ± 23 to 91 ± 20 kg) and lower (p < 0.05) (RT: 69 ± 20 to 87 ± 28 kg; RT+DP: 78 ± 19 to 100 ± 21 kg) body strength. Body composition and BMD improvements were not observed. TRAP-5b decreased in the RT group (p < 0.05) (4.55 ± 1.57 to 4.04 ± 1.63 U/L) and the RT+DP group (p = 0.07) (5.10 ± 2.75 to 4.27 ± 2.03 U/L). Changes in BAP and CRP were not observed. RT was effective for improving biochemical markers of bone turnover and muscular strength in BCS. A longer and higher intensity intervention may be needed to reveal the true effects of RT and DP on body composition and biochemical markers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Simonavice
- School of Health and Human Performance, Georgia College and State University, Campus Box 112, Milledgeville, GA 31061, USA
| | - Pei-Yang Liu
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Akron, Schrank Hall South 210M, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jeong-Su Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Bahram Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Lynn B. Panton
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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21
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Abstract
Obesity is a medical disease that is increasing significantly nowadays. Worldwide obesity prevalence doubled since 1980. Obese patients are at great risk for complications with physical and psychological burdens, thus affecting their quality of life. Obesity is well known to have higher risk for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal diseases and shorter life expectancy. In addition, obesity has a great impact on surgical diseases, and elective surgeries in comparison to general population. There is higher risk for wound infection, longer operative time, poorer outcome, and others. The higher the BMI (body mass index), the higher the risk for these complications. This literature review illustrates the prevalence of obesity as a diseases and complications of obesity in general as well as, in a surgical point of view, general surgery perioperative risks and complications among obese patients. It will review the evidence-based updates in these headlines.
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22
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Garg SK, Maurer H, Reed K, Selagamsetty R. Diabetes and cancer: two diseases with obesity as a common risk factor. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16:97-110. [PMID: 23668396 PMCID: PMC3904746 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence to support a connection between diabetes (predominantly type 2), obesity and cancer. Multiple meta-analyses of epidemiological data show that people with diabetes are at increased risk of developing many different types of cancers, along with an increased risk of cancer mortality. Several pathophysiological mechanisms for this relationship have been postulated, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, enhanced inflammatory processes, dysregulation of sex hormone production and hyperglycaemia. In addition to these potential mechanisms, a number of common risk factors, including obesity, may be behind the association between diabetes and cancer. Indeed, obesity is associated with an increased risk of cancer and diabetes. Abdominal adiposity has been shown to play a role in creating a systemic pro-inflammatory environment, which could result in the development of both diabetes and cancer. Here, we examine the relationship between diabetes, obesity and cancer, and investigate the potential underlying causes of increased cancer risk in individuals with diabetes. Current treatment recommendations for reducing the overall disease burden are also explored and possible areas for future research are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Garg
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, New Rochelle, NY, USA; Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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23
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Wang XL, Jia CX, Liu LY, Zhang Q, Li YY, Li L. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and the risk of female breast cancer in Eastern China. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:71. [PMID: 23497298 PMCID: PMC3606614 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to explore the relationship between obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and female breast cancer in Eastern China. Methods A 1:3 matched case–control study was carried out, comprising 123 women with breast cancer and 369 controls. All of the 492 subjects were selected from a previous epidemiological survey of 122,058 women in Eastern China. Results There were significant differences between the case and control groups in waist circumference and body mass index (BMI), but not in waist to hip ratio or hip circumference. There was a significant difference between the two groups in BMI for post-menopausal women, and a significant difference in waist circumference for pre-menopausal women. After adjustment for other factors, BMI was still significantly associated with breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14 to 2.19). DM was significantly associated with breast cancer (OR = 3.35, 95% CI 1.02 to 11.01) in the univariate analysis but not in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.059). Conclusions Obesity might be a risk factor for female breast cancer. We found different strengths of association for women with different menopausal status when we examined the relationship between obesity and breast cancer. The association between DM and female breast cancer should be further confirmed with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia district, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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24
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Alokail MS, Al-Daghri N, Abdulkareem A, Draz HM, Yakout SM, Alnaami AM, Sabico S, Alenad AM, Chrousos GP. Metabolic syndrome biomarkers and early breast cancer in Saudi women: evidence for the presence of a systemic stress response and/or a pre-existing metabolic syndrome-related neoplasia risk? BMC Cancer 2013; 13:54. [PMID: 23374911 PMCID: PMC3571930 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity has been linked to many adverse health consequences, including breast cancer. This study aims to determine adipocytokine and other biological changes in recently diagnosed breast cancer patients before therapy is started. Methods A total of 109 female Saudi subjects [56 newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve, histologically-confirmed breast cancer cases and 53 age- and BMI-matched controls] were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric data were collected. Serum insulin, adipocytokines and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentrations were measured using a customized multiplex Luminex assay. Hypersensitive C-Reactive Protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and angiotensin II (ANG II) were measured using ELISA. Results A few days in the diagnosis, breast cancer subjects had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03), glucose (p = 0.01), triglycerides (p = 0.001), leptin (p = 0.044), resistin (p = 0.04), ANG II (p = 0.02), TNF-α (p = 0.045), and CRP (p = 0.04) than the controls. On the other hand, HDL (p = 0.01) and adiponectin (p = 0.02) were significantly lower in cancer subjects than controls. A significant association was found between elevated triglycerides (TG) and breast cancer [OR (95% CI), 6.1(1.8, 15.6), p = 0.004], as well as elevated ANG II [OR (95% CI), 5.2(1.2, 14.3), p = 0.03]. On the other hand, aPAI and HDL correlated negatively with breast cancer [OR (95% CI), 0.076(0.01, 0.34), p = 0.001; 0.30(0.09, 0.95), p 0.04, respectively]. Conclusion Circulating ANGII and triglycerides were positively associated with early breast cancer. In contrast, HDL-cholesterol correlated negatively with ANG II and aPAI in these patients. This suggests that patients with recently diagnosed breast cancer have biochemical changes consistent with an activated stress response and/or that patients with metabolic syndrome manifestations have a higher risk of developing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed S Alokail
- Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
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Yu ZG, Jia CX, Liu LY, Geng CZ, Tang JH, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li YY, Ma ZB. The prevalence and correlates of breast cancer among women in Eastern China. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37784. [PMID: 22723840 PMCID: PMC3377727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to investigate the prevalence rate, characteristics and related factors of breast cancer among women in Eastern China. A total of 122,058 female subjects completed the study, with 320 confirmed cases of breast cancer (crude prevalence: 262.5/100,000; standardized prevalence: 207.7/100,000). Among all of the identified breast cancer cases, 91.6% were diagnosed after the age of 35 and 60.0% were diagnosed before menopause. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of those breast cancer risk factors as selected through multivariate logistic regression were as follows: 5.438 (1.553-19.004) for family history of breast cancer, 3.556 (1.880-6.728) for high behavior intervention score, 3.556 (0.904-13.994) for history of diabetes, 3.357 (1.131-9.969) for history of benign breast tumors, 2.196 (1.355-3.556) for poor overall life satisfaction, 1.826 (0.995-3.350) for premenopause of breast cancer, 1.528 (1.083-2.155) for high BMI index, 1.500 (0.920-2.446) for poor financial status, 1.497 (1.014-2.211) for multiple miscarriages/abortions, and 1.231 (0.972-1.559) for infrequent consumption of garlic (frequent garlic consumption is a protective factor). There were significantly more cases of breast cancer diagnosed prior to menopause than after menopause, and most of the patients were diagnosed after the age of 35. These findings suggest that attention should be focused on the incidence of breast cancer among premenopausal women older than 35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Yu
- Department of Breast Diseases, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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WEICHHAUS MICHAEL, BROOM JOHN, WAHLE KLAUS, BERMANO GIOVANNA. A novel role for insulin resistance in the connection between obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:745-52. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Onitilo AA, Engel JM, Glurich I, Stankowski RV, Williams GM, Doi SA. Diabetes and cancer I: risk, survival, and implications for screening. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:967-81. [PMID: 22552844 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer are common diseases that are frequently diagnosed in the same individual. An association between the two conditions has long been postulated. Here, we review the epidemiological evidence for increased risk of cancer, decreased cancer survival, and decreased rates of cancer screening in diabetic patients. The risk for several cancers, including cancers of the pancreas, liver, colorectum, breast, urinary tract, and endometrium, is increased in patients with DM. In a pooled risk analysis weighting published meta-analytic relative risk (RR) for individual cancer by differences in their incidence rates, we found a population RR of 0.97 (95 % CI, 0.75-1.25) in men and 1.29 (95 % CI, 1.16-1.44) in women. All meta-analyses showed an increased relative risk for cancer in diabetic men, except studies of prostate cancer, in which a protective effect was observed. The relationship between diabetes and cancer appears to be complex, and at present, a clear temporal relationship between the two conditions cannot be defined. DM also impacts negatively on cancer-related survival outcomes and cancer screening rates. The overwhelming evidence for lower cancer screening rates, increased incidence of certain cancers, and poorer prognosis after cancer diagnosis in diabetic patients dictates a need for improved cancer care in diabetic individuals through improved screening measures, development of risk assessment tools, and consideration of cancer prevention strategies in diabetic patients. Part two of this review focuses on the biological and pharmacological mechanisms that may account for the association between DM and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedayo A Onitilo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Marshfield Clinic Weston Center, 3501 Cranberry Boulevard, Weston, WI 54476, USA.
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Delort L, Jardé T, Dubois V, Vasson MP, Caldefie-Chézet F. New insights into anticarcinogenic properties of adiponectin: a potential therapeutic approach in breast cancer? VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 90:397-417. [PMID: 23017724 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398313-8.00015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a recognized breast cancer risk factor in postmenopausal women. A recent hypothesis suggests a major role for adipose tissue in carcinogenesis. During many years, the adipose tissue was only considered as a fat storage of energy. This tissue is now described as an endocrine organ secreting a large range of molecules called adipokines. Among these adipokines, adiponectin may play a major role in breast cancer. Plasma adiponectin levels were found to be decreased in cases of breast cancer and in obese patients. Adiponectin may act directly on breast cancer cells by inhibiting proliferation and angiogenesis or by stimulating apoptosis. Increasing adiponectin levels may be of major importance in the prevention and/or the treatment of breast cancer. This therapeutic approach may be of particular significance for obese patients. The beneficial effects of adiponectin and its possible therapeutic applications will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Delort
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, Laboratoire SVFp, 28 Place Henri Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Fisman EZ, Tenenbaum A. The ubiquitous interleukin-6: a time for reappraisal. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:62. [PMID: 20937099 PMCID: PMC2959009 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine regulating humoral and cellular responses and playing a central role in inflammation and tissue injury. Its effects are mediated through interaction with its receptor complex, IL-6Rβ (also known as gp130). It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and large quantities of IL-6 are found in human atherosclerotic plaques. IL-6 levels positively correlate with higher all-cause mortality, unstable angina, left ventricular dysfunction, propensity to diabetes and its complications, hypertension, obesity and several types of cancer. IL-6 levels augmentation demonstrates a remarkable parallel with another biomarkers reflecting harmful processes, like tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukins 8 and 18, YKL-40, C reactive protein and resistin. Due to these facts, IL-6 was classified as a noxious interleukin. Nonetheless, there are several facts that challenge this usually accepted point of view. Since IL-6 has also anti-inflammatory activity, it seems reasonable to assume that favorable aspects exist. These aspects are two: 1. protection against bacterial infections, inactivating proinflammatory mediators, mitigating the course of septic shock and inducing the production of cortisol; and 2. influence on insulin sensitivity during exercise; this aspect is even more important. During exercise IL-6 is synthesized and released by muscles, with enhanced insulin action immediately at early recovery. Skeletal muscle may be considered as an endocrine organ; contracting muscles produce IL-6 and release it into the blood exerting its effects on other organs. The increase in circulating levels of IL-6 after exercise is consistent and proportional to exercise duration, intensity, muscle mass involved and endurance capacity. Thus, the fascinating possibility that the plenteous beneficial health effects of exercise could be ultimately mediated by IL-6 merits further elucidation. Interleukins were termed "good" or "bad", probably due to a tendency to see things in black and white, with no gray area in between. Calling IL-6 "a molecule with both beneficial and destructive potentials" would be a more equitable approach. In the literary creatures of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, a good and an evil personality are found in the same individual. IL-6 playing the role of Dr. Jekyll is emerging; the time for IL-6 reappraisal is coming.
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Abbasi M, Tarafdari A, Esteghamati A, Vejdani K, Nakhjavani M. Insulin Resistance and Breast Carcinogenesis: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Iranian Women with Breast Mass. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 8:411-6. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2009.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrshad Abbasi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Tarafdari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Esteghamati
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Vejdani
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Manouchehr Nakhjavani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fernandez-Twinn DS, Ekizoglou S, Martin-Gronert MS, Tarry-Adkins J, Wayman AP, Warner MJ, Luan JA, Gusterson BA, Ozanne SE. Poor early growth and excessive adult calorie intake independently and additively affect mitogenic signaling and increase mammary tumor susceptibility. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1873-81. [PMID: 20460357 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that offspring of rat dams receiving a protein-restricted (low protein) diet throughout pregnancy and lactation develop mammary tumors more quickly. Rapid post-weaning mammary growth and mammary tissue overexpression of insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), estrogen receptor isoform alpha and v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2), correlated with this risk. The objectives of this study were therefore (i) to identify underlying mechanisms of increased risk through candidate and global approaches; (ii) to determine if excessive calorie intake further increased risk and if so, (iii) to identify the molecular mechanisms mediating this. We provide evidence for transcriptional upregulation of IGF-1R by Sp1 in LP mammary tissue (P < 0.01). Cell cycle control and DNA damage repair gene cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) (p21waf1) was also upregulated (P < 0.05) as was transcription factor nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cell (P < 0.05) and adhesion gene CDH1 (P < 0.05). Invasion and metastasis markers matrix metalloproteinase 9 and serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1 (SERPIN1) were upregulated (both P < 0.05), whereas metastasis suppressor gene NME1 was downregulated (P < 0.01). Feeding a highly palatable diet (HPD) to increase calorie intake from puberty, additively and independently increased early mammary tumor risk, which correlated with increased serum insulin and triglyceride concentrations (P < 0.05). PTEN gene expression was reduced both by early protein restriction (P < 0.05) and HPD (P < 0.01), which may induce Akt in cell survival pathways. Progesterone receptor and ERBB2 (both P < 0.05) expression increased as an effect of an interaction between maternal diet and adult nutrition, with subsequent downstream activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. We conclude that poor early growth and excessive calorie intake exert independent and additive effects on mitogenic growth factor signaling to influence mammary tumor susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Fernandez-Twinn
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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