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Hernández A. Mathematical expressions describing enzyme velocity and inhibition at high enzyme concentration. Biol Chem 2023; 404:15-27. [PMID: 36165810 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme behaviour is characterised in the laboratory using diluted solutions of enzyme. However, in vivo processes usually occur at [S T ] ≈ [E T ] ≈ K m . Furthermore, the study of enzyme action involves characterisation of inhibitors and their mechanisms. However, to date, there have been no reports proposing mathematical expressions that can be used to describe enzyme activity at high enzyme concentration apart from the simplest single substrate, irreversible case. Using a continued fraction approach, equations can be easily derived for the most common cases in monosubstrate reactions, such as irreversible or reversible reactions and effector (inhibitor or activator) kinetic interactions. These expressions are an extension of the classical Michaelis-Menten equations. A first analysis using these expressions permits to deduce some differences at high versus low enzyme concentration, such as the greater effectiveness of allosteric inhibitors compared to catalytic ones. Also, they can be used to understand catalyst saturation in a reaction. Although they can be linearised, these equations also show differences that need to be taken into account. For example, the different meaning of line intersection points in Dixon plots. All in all, these expressions may be useful tools for modelling in vivo and biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Hernández
- Unit for Integrated Research on Tropical Biodiversity - BIOTROP, Centre for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos (SP), Brazil
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Bacterial Communities Related to Aroma Formation during Spontaneous Fermentation of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Wine in Ningxia, China. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182775. [PMID: 36140903 PMCID: PMC9497756 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are an important part of wine ‘microbial terroir’ and contribute to the formation of wine flavor. Based on high-throughput sequencing and non-targeted metabonomic technology, this study first explored the bacterial composition and its effect on the aroma formation of spontaneously fermented ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS) wine in the Eastern Foot of Helan Mountain (EFHM), Ningxia. The results showed that there were significant differences in bacterial communities during fermentation of CS grapes harvested from different sub-regions of EFHM, with the earlier-established vineyard obtaining more species. The level of bacterial diversity initially decreased and then increased as the fermentation proceeded. Malolactic fermentation (MLF) was spontaneously initiated during alcohol fermentation (AF). Pantoea, Lactobacillus, Rhodococcus, Fructobacillus, and Komagataeibacter were the core bacterial genera in the fermentation mixture. Lactobacillus contributed to the synthesis of methyl and isobutyl esters and the formation of red and black fruity fragrances of wine. Fructobacillus was closely related to the synthesis of aromatic alcohols and the generation of floral flavors.
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Effect of Yeast Assimilable Nitrogen Content on Fermentation Kinetics, Wine Chemical Composition and Sensory Character in the Production of Assyrtiko Wines. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains (Sa and Sb) were tested for white wine production using Assyrtiko grape of Santorini. A third commercial Saccharomyces strain was also studied for comparison reasons. Two concentrations of yeast extract and diammonium phosphate (DAP) were added to the must (150 and 250 mg/L) in order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen content on the final wine quality. Analytical methods (HPLC, GC-MS) and sensory analysis were employed to assess the quality of the wines. Fermentation kinetics were monitored throughout the experiment. By the second day of fermentation, all strains showed an approximate consumption of 70% of amino acids. Differences among strains were observed regarding inorganic nitrogen requirements. Sb strain resulted in higher concentrations of higher alcohols (1.9-fold) and ketones (5.6-fold) and lower concentrations of esters (1.2-fold) compared to the control, while Sa strain resulted in higher content of fatty acids (2.1-fold). Both indigenous strains scored better results in aroma quality, body and acidity compared to control. The overall evaluation of the data highlights the great potential of the indigenous S. cerevisiae strains as fermentation starters providing promising results in the sector of terroir wines.
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Ajayo PC, Huang M, Zhao L, Tian D, Jiang Q, Deng S, Zeng Y, Shen F. Paper mulberry fruit juice: a novel biomass resource for bioethanol production. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:3. [PMID: 38647748 PMCID: PMC10991237 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
By way of broadening the use of diverse sustainable bioethanol feedstocks, the potentials of Paper mulberry fruit juice (PMFJ), as a non-food, sugar-based substrate, were evaluated for fuel ethanol production. The suitability of PMFJ was proven, as maximum ethanol concentration (56.4 g/L) and yield (0.39 g/g) were achieved within half a day of the start of fermentation, corresponding to very high ethanol productivity of 4.7 g/L/hr. The established potentials were further optimally maximized through the response surface methodology (RSM). At the optimal temperature of 30 °C, yeast concentration of 0.55 g/L, and pH of 5, ethanol concentration, productivity, and yield obtained were 73.69 g/L, 4.61 g/L/hr, and 0.48 g/g, respectively. Under these ideal conditions, diverse metal salts were afterward screened for their effects on PMFJ fermentation. Based on a two-level fractional factorial design, nutrient addition had no positive impact on ethanol production. Thus, under the optimal process conditions, and without any external nutrient supplementation, bioethanol from PMFJ compared favorably with typical sugar-based energy crops, highlighting its resourcefulness as a high-value biomass resource for fuel ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pleasure Chisom Ajayo
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Huang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Tian
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihuai Deng
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Zeng
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Shen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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Martien JI, Trujillo EA, Jacobson TB, Tatli M, Hebert AS, Stevenson DM, Coon JJ, Amador-Noguez D. Metabolic Remodeling during Nitrogen Fixation in Zymomonas mobilis. mSystems 2021; 6:e0098721. [PMID: 34783580 PMCID: PMC8594446 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00987-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zymomonas mobilis is an ethanologenic bacterium currently being developed for production of advanced biofuels. Recent studies have shown that Z. mobilis can fix dinitrogen gas (N2) as a sole nitrogen source. During N2 fixation, Z. mobilis exhibits increased biomass-specific rates of ethanol production. In order to better understand the physiology of Z. mobilis during N2 fixation and during changes in ammonium (NH4+) availability, we performed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based targeted metabolomics and shotgun proteomics under three regimes of nitrogen availability: continuous N2 fixation, gradual NH4+ depletion, and acute NH4+ addition to N2-fixing cells. We report dynamic changes in abundance of proteins and metabolites related to nitrogen fixation, motility, ammonium assimilation, amino acid biosynthesis, nucleotide biosynthesis, isoprenoid biosynthesis, and Entner-Doudoroff (ED) glycolysis, providing insight into the regulatory mechanisms that control these processes in Z. mobilis. Our analysis identified potential physiological mechanisms that may contribute to increased specific ethanol production during N2 fixation, including decreased activity of biosynthetic pathways, increased protein abundance of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHI), and increased thermodynamic favorability of the ED pathway. Of particular relevance to advanced biofuel production, we found that intermediates in the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis were depleted during N2 fixation, coinciding with decreased protein abundance of deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), the first enzyme in the pathway. This implies that DXS protein abundance serves as a native control point in regulating MEP pathway activity in Z. mobilis. The results of this study will inform metabolic engineering to further develop Z. mobilis as a platform organism for biofuel production. IMPORTANCE Biofuels and bioproducts have the potential to serve as environmentally sustainable replacements for petroleum-derived fuels and commodity molecules. Advanced fuels such as higher alcohols and isoprenoids are more suitable gasoline replacements than bioethanol. Developing microbial systems to generate advanced biofuels requires metabolic engineering to reroute carbon away from ethanol and other native products and toward desired pathways, such as the MEP pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis. However, rational engineering of microbial metabolism relies on understanding metabolic control points, in terms of both enzyme activity and thermodynamic favorability. In Z. mobilis, the factors that control glycolytic rates, ethanol production, and isoprenoid production are still not fully understood. In this study, we performed metabolomic, proteomic, and thermodynamic analysis of Z. mobilis during N2 fixation. This analysis identified key changes in metabolite levels, enzyme abundance, and glycolytic thermodynamic favorability that occurred during changes in NH4+ availability, helping to inform future efforts in metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia I. Martien
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Edna A. Trujillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tyler B. Jacobson
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mehmet Tatli
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexander S. Hebert
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David M. Stevenson
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel Amador-Noguez
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae rewires its transcriptional output to survive stressful environments, such as nitrogen scarcity under fermentative conditions. Although divergence in nitrogen metabolism among natural yeast populations has been reported, the impact of regulatory genetic variants modulating gene expression and nitrogen consumption remains to be investigated. Here, we employed an F1 hybrid from two contrasting S. cerevisiae strains, providing a controlled genetic environment to map cis factors involved in the divergence of gene expression regulation in response to nitrogen scarcity. We used a dual approach to obtain genome-wide allele-specific profiles of chromatin accessibility, transcription factor binding, and gene expression through ATAC-seq (assay for transposase accessible chromatin) and RNA-seq (transcriptome sequencing). We observed large variability in allele-specific expression and accessibility between the two genetic backgrounds, with a third of these differences specific to a deficient nitrogen environment. Furthermore, we discovered events of allelic bias in gene expression correlating with allelic bias in transcription factor binding solely under nitrogen scarcity, where the majority of these transcription factors orchestrates the nitrogen catabolite repression regulatory pathway and demonstrates a cis × environment-specific response. Our approach allowed us to find cis variants modulating gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and allelic differences in transcription factor binding in response to low nitrogen culture conditions. IMPORTANCE Historically, coding variants were prioritized when searching for causal mechanisms driving adaptation of natural populations to stressful environments. However, the recent focus on noncoding variants demonstrated their ubiquitous role in adaptation. Here, we performed genome-wide regulatory variation profiles between two divergent yeast strains when facing nitrogen nutritional stress. The open chromatin availability of several regulatory regions changes in response to nitrogen scarcity. Importantly, we describe regulatory events that deviate between strains. Our results demonstrate a widespread variation in gene expression regulation between naturally occurring populations in response to stressful environments.
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Ardila-Leal LD, Alvarado-Ramírez MF, Gutiérrez-Rojas IS, Poutou-Piñales RA, Quevedo-Hidalgo B, Pérez-Flórez A, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM. Low-cost media statistical design for laccase rPOXA 1B production in P. pastoris. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03852. [PMID: 32368658 PMCID: PMC7184261 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) are multicopper oxidases of great importance in the industry due to their non-specificity and high oxidative potential. Laccases are useful to bleach synthetic dyes, oxidize phenolic compounds and degrade pesticides, among others. Hence, the objective of this work was to optimize low cost culture media for recombinant (rPOXA 1B) laccase production from Pleurotus ostreatus in Pichia pastoris. To this end, low cost nitrogen sources were studied, such as malt extract, isolated soy protein and milk serum. Following, two central composite designs (CCD) were performed. In CCD-1 different concentrations of glucose USP (0–13.35 gL-1), protein isolated soy protein (5–25 gL-1), malt extract (3.5–17.5 gL-1) and (NH4)2SO4 (1.3–6.5 gL-1) were evaluated. In CCD-2 only different concentrations of glucose USP (7.9–22 gL-1) and isolated soy protein (15.9–44.9 gL-1) were evaluated. CCD-2 results led to a One Factor Experimental design (OFED) to evaluate higher isolated soy protein (20–80 gL-1) concentrations. In all designs, (CCD-1, CCD-2 and OFED) CuSO4 (0.16 gL-1) and chloramphenicol (0.1 gL-1) concentrations remained unchanged. For the OFED after sequential statistical optimization, an enzyme activity of 12,877.3 ± 481.2 UL−1 at 168 h was observed. rPOXA 1B activity increased 30.54 % in comparison with CCD-2 results. Final composition of optimized media was: 20 gL-1 glucose USP, 50 gL-1 isolated soy protein 90 % (w/w), 11.74 gL-1 malt extract, and 4.91 gL-1 (NH4)2SO4. With this culture media, it was possible to reduce culture media costs by 89.84 % in comparison with improved culture media previously described by our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy D Ardila-Leal
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - María F Alvarado-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Ivonne S Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Raúl A Poutou-Piñales
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Balkys Quevedo-Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Flórez
- Grupo de Fitoquímica de la PUJ (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Aura M Pedroza-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y de Suelos, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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Seguinot P, Ortiz-Julien A, Camarasa C. Impact of Nutrient Availability on the Fermentation and Production of Aroma Compounds Under Sequential Inoculation With M. pulcherrima and S. cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:305. [PMID: 32184771 PMCID: PMC7058555 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Saccharomyces yeasts are currently widely used in winemaking to enhance aroma profile diversity among wines. The use of Metschnikowia pulcherrima in sequential inoculation with S. cerevisiae was compared to the inoculation of a pure culture of S. cerevisiae. Moreover, various concentrations of sugar, nitrogen and lipids were tested in synthetic must to assess their impact on fermentation and its outcomes using a Box-Behnken design. Due to its phenotypic specificities, early inoculation with M. pulcherrima led to important modifications, first altering the fermentation kinetics. This may relate, at least in part, to the depletion of some nitrogen sources by M. pulcherrima during the first part of fermentation. Beyond these negative interactions on fermentation performance, comparisons between pure cultures and sequentially inoculated cultures revealed changes in the distribution of carbon fluxes during fermentation in presence of M. pulcherrima, resulting in a positive impact on the production of central carbon metabolites and aromas. Furthermore, the expression of varietal thiols was strongly increased as a consequence of positive interactions between the two species. The mechanism of this release still needs to be investigated. Significant differences in the final concentrations of fermentative and varietal aromas depending on the initial must composition were obtained under both inoculation strategies. Interestingly, the response to changes in nutrient availability varied according to the inoculation modality. In particular, a greater incidence of lipids on the production of fatty acids and their ethyl esters derivatives was found during sequential fermentation compared with pure culture, to be viewed in combination with the metabolic characteristics of M. pulcherrima regarding the production of volatile compounds from acetyl-CoA. Overall, the importance of managing nutrient availability under M. pulcherrima/S. cerevisiae sequential inoculation in order to derive the maximum benefit from the potentialities of the non-Saccharomyces species while carrying out fermentation to dryness was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Seguinot
- SPO, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.,Lallemand S.A.S, Blagnac, France
| | | | - Carole Camarasa
- SPO, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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Qian X, Gorte O, Chen L, Zhang W, Dong W, Ma J, Jiang M, Xin F, Ochsenreither K. Co-production of single cell oil and gluconic acid using oleaginous Cryptococcus podzolicus DSM 27192. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:127. [PMID: 31139257 PMCID: PMC6528270 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-production of single cell oil (SCO) with value-added products could improve the economic viability of industrial SCO production. The newly isolated oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus podzolicus DSM 27192 was able to co-produce SCO intracellularly and gluconic acid (GA) extracellularly. In this study, the metabolic regulation of carbon distribution between SCO and GA through process optimization was comprehensively investigated. RESULTS The carbon flow distribution between SCO and GA was significantly influenced by the cultivation conditions, such as nitrogen sources, glucose concentration and dissolved oxygen concentration. It was found that organic nitrogen sources were beneficial for SCO accumulation, while GA production was decreased. Dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) was found to enhance SCO accumulation, while high glucose concentration was more favorable for GA accumulation. Hence, a two-stage DOC or glucose concentration-controlled strategy was designed to improve cell growth and direct carbon distribution between SCO and GA. Moreover, C. podzolicus DSM 27192 could degrade its stored lipids to synthesize GA in the late stationary phase, although considerable amounts of glucose remained unconsumed in the culture medium, indicating the importance of fermentation time control in co-production systems. All these observations provide opportunity to favor either the production of SCO or GA or rather their simultaneous production. CONCLUSIONS Co-production of SCO and GA by C. podzolicus DSM 27192 can improve the economical value for microbial lipid-derived biodiesel production. Moreover, the results of the proposed co-production strategy might give guidance for other co-production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Olga Gorte
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30#, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Katrin Ochsenreither
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Schmidt D, Velten K. Numerical simulation of bubble flow homogenization in industrial scale wine fermentations. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pereira AP, Mendes-Ferreira A, Oliveira JM, Estevinho LM, Mendes-Faia A. Mead production: effect of nitrogen supplementation on growth, fermentation profile and aroma formation by yeasts in mead fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Pereira
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Apartado 1013 5001-801 Vila Real Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha; Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança; Campus de Santa Apolónia - Apartado 1172 5301-855 Bragança Portugal
| | - A. Mendes-Ferreira
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Apartado 1013 5001-801 Vila Real Portugal
| | - J. M. Oliveira
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Centre of Biological Engineering; Universidade do Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - L. M. Estevinho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha; Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança; Campus de Santa Apolónia - Apartado 1172 5301-855 Bragança Portugal
| | - A. Mendes-Faia
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Apartado 1013 5001-801 Vila Real Portugal
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Zheng DQ, Chen J, Zhang K, Gao KH, Li O, Wang PM, Zhang XY, Du FG, Sun PY, Qu AM, Wu S, Wu XC. Genomic structural variations contribute to trait improvement during whole-genome shuffling of yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:3059-70. [PMID: 24346281 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Whole-genome shuffling (WGS) is a powerful technology of improving the complex traits of many microorganisms. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the altered phenotypes in isolates were less clarified. Isolates with significantly enhanced stress tolerance and ethanol titer under very-high-gravity conditions were obtained after WGS of the bioethanol Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain ZTW1. Karyotype analysis and RT-qPCR showed that chromosomal rearrangement occurred frequently in genome shuffling. Thus, the phenotypic effects of genomic structural variations were determined in this study. RNA-Seq and physiological analyses revealed the diverse transcription pattern and physiological status of the isolate S3-110 and ZTW1. Our observations suggest that the improved stress tolerance of S3-110 can be largely attributed to the copy number variations in large DNA regions, which would adjust the ploidy of yeast cells and expression levels of certain genes involved in stress response. Overall, this work not only constructed shuffled S. cerevisiae strains that have potential industrial applications but also provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of WGS and enhanced our knowledge on this useful breeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Qiong Zheng
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
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