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He X, Lin T, Xie Y, Li J, Ge Y, Zhang S, Fan J. Backbone cyclization of Salmonella typhimurium diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase to enhance the activity and stability. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 218:106447. [PMID: 38369031 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase transforms D and L isomers of 2,3-diaminopropionate to pyruvate and ammonia. It catalyzes D- and l-serine less effectively. L-2,3-diaminopropionate is a precursor in the biosynthesis of oxalyl diaminopropionate as a neurotoxin in certain legume species. In this work, we cyclized the diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase from Salmonella typhimurium in vitro using the redox-responsive split intein, and identified that backbone cyclization afforded the enzyme with the improved activity, thermal stability and resistance to the exopeptidase proteolysis, different from effects of the incorporated sequence recognized by tobacco vein mottling virus protease at C-terminus. Using analyses of three fluorescent dyes including 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, and thioflavin T, the same amounts of the cyclic protein displayed less fluorescence than those of the linear protein upon the heat treatment. The cyclic enzyme displayed the enhanced activity in Escherichia coli cells using the designed novel reporter. In this system, d-serine was added to the culture and transported into the cytoplasm. It was transformed by pre-overexpression of the diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase, and untransformed d-serine was oxidized by the coproduced human d-amino acid oxidase to generate hydrogen peroxide. This oxidant is monitored by the HyPer indicator. The current results presented that the cyclized enzyme could be applied as a better candidate to block the neurotoxin biosynthesis in certain plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei He
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, PR China
| | - Tingting Lin
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Yuying Xie
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Jinjing Li
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Shuncheng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China.
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Lin T, Ge Y, Gao Q, Zhang D, Chen X, Hu Y, Fan J. Backbone Cyclization of Flavin Mononucleotide-Based Fluorescent Protein Increases Fluorescence and Stability. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1681-1691. [PMID: 37789714 PMCID: PMC10772547 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2305.05011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavin mononucleotide-binding proteins or domains emit cyan-green fluorescence under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, but relatively low fluorescence and less thermostability limit their application as reporters. In this work, we incorporated the codon-optimized fluorescent protein from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with two different linkers independently into the redox-responsive split intein construct, overexpressed the precursors in hyperoxic Escherichia coli SHuffle T7 strain, and cyclized the target proteins in vitro in the presence of the reducing agent. Compared with the purified linear protein, the cyclic protein with the short linker displayed enhanced fluorescence. In contrast, cyclized protein with incorporation of the long linker including the myc-tag and human rhinovirus 3C protease cleavable sequence emitted slightly increased fluorescence compared with the protein linearized with the protease cleavage. The cyclic protein with the short linker also exhibited increased thermal stability and exopeptidase resistance. Moreover, induction of the target proteins in an oxygen-deficient culture rendered fluorescent E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells brighter than those overexpressing the linear construct. Thus, the cyclic reporter can hopefully be used in certain thermophilic anaerobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lin
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yafang Hu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
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3
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Guo H, Yang H, Di C, Xu F, Sun H, Xu Y, Liu H, Wu L, Ding K, Zhang T, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Identification and Validation of Active Ingredient in Cerebrotein Hydrolysate-I Based on Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Studies. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1615-1627. [PMID: 37758480 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrotein hydrolysate-1 (CH-1), a mixture of small peptides, polypeptides, and various amino acids derived from porcine brain, has been widely used in the treatment of cerebral injury. However, the bioactive composition and pharmacokinetics of CH-1 are still unexplored because of their complicated composition and relatively tiny amounts in vivo. Herein, NanoLC Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid Mass Spectrometer was firstly used to qualitatively analyze the components of CH-1. A total of 1347 peptides were identified, of which 43 peptides were characterized by high mass spectrometry (MS) intensity and identification accuracy. We then innovatively synthesized four main peptides for activity verification, and the results suggested that Pep72 (NYEPPTVVPGGDL) had the strongest neuroprotective effect on both in vivo and in vitro models. Next, a quantitative method for Pep72 was established based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with the aid of Skyline software and then used in its pharmacokinetic studies. The results revealed that Pep72 had a high elimination rate and low exposure in rats. In addition, a hCMEC/D3-based in vitro model was built and firstly used to investigate the transport of Pep72. We found that Pep72 had extremely low blood-brain barrier permeability and was not a substrate of efflux transporters. The biotransformation of Pep72 in rat fresh plasma and tissues was investigated to explore the contradiction between pharmacokinetics and efficacy. A total of 11 main metabolites were structurally identified, with PGGDL and EPPTVPGGDL being the main metabolites of Pep72. Notably, metalloproteinase and cysteine protease were confirmed to be the main enzymes mediating Pep72 metabolism in rat tissues. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The NanoLC Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid Mass Spectrometer was firstly applied to discover the components of CH-1, and one main peptide Pep72 (NYEPPTVVPGGDL) was innovatively synthesized and firstly found to have the strongest neuroprotective effect among 1347 peptides identified from CH-1. Our study is the first time to identify and verify the active ingredient of CH-1 from the perspective of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and provides a systematic technical platforms and strategies for the active substance research of other protein hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
| | - Huizhu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
| | - Chanjuan Di
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
| | - Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
| | - Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
| | - Yexin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
| | - Huafang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
| | - Linlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
| | - Ke Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.G., H.Y., H.S., Y.X., H.L., L.W., K.D., T.Z., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Hebei Zhitong Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China (C.D., F.X.)
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4
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Davydova EK. Protein Engineering: Advances in Phage Display for Basic Science and Medical Research. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:S146-S110. [PMID: 35501993 PMCID: PMC8802281 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922140127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Functional Protein Engineering became the hallmark in biomolecule manipulation in the new millennium, building on and surpassing the underlying structural DNA manipulation and recombination techniques developed and employed in the last decades of 20th century. Because of their prominence in almost all biological processes, proteins represent extremely important targets for engineering enhanced or altered properties that can lead to improvements exploitable in healthcare, medicine, research, biotechnology, and industry. Synthetic protein structures and functions can now be designed on a computer and/or evolved using molecular display or directed evolution methods in the laboratory. This review will focus on the recent trends in protein engineering and the impact of this technology on recent progress in science, cancer- and immunotherapies, with the emphasis on the current achievements in basic protein research using synthetic antibody (sABs) produced by phage display pipeline in the Kossiakoff laboratory at the University of Chicago (KossLab). Finally, engineering of the highly specific binding modules, such as variants of Streptococcal protein G with ultra-high orthogonal affinity for natural and engineered antibody scaffolds, and their possible applications as a plug-and-play platform for research and immunotherapy will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Davydova
- The University of Chicago, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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5
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Bayar E, Ren Y, Chen Y, Hu Y, Zhang S, Yu X, Fan J. Construction, Investigation and Application of TEV Protease Variants with Improved Oxidative Stability. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1732-1740. [PMID: 34528919 PMCID: PMC9705859 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco etch virus protease (TEVp) is a useful tool for removing fusion tags, but wild-type TEVp is less stable under oxidized redox state. In this work, we introduced and combined C19S, C110S and C130S into TEVp variants containing T17S, L56V, N68D, I77V and S135G to improve protein solubility, and S219V to inhibit self-proteolysis. The solubility and cleavage activity of the constructed variants in Escherichia coli strains including BL21(DE3), BL21(DE3)pLys, Rossetta(DE3) and Origami(DE3) under the same induction conditions were analyzed and compared. The desirable soluble amounts, activity, and oxidative stability were identified to be reluctantly favored in the TEVp. Unlike C19S, C110S and C130S hardly impacted on decreasing protein solubility in the BL21(DE3), but they contributed to improved tolerance to the oxidative redox state in vivo and in vitro. After two fusion proteins were cleaved by purified TEVp protein containing double mutations under the oxidized redox state, the refolded disulfide-rich bovine enterokinase catalytic domain or maize peroxidase with enhanced yields were released from the regenerated amorphous cellulose via affinity absorption of the cellulose-binding module as the affinity tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhtuya Bayar
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Chen
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Yafang Hu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Shuncheng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Yu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone : +86-551-65786464 Fax : +86-551-65786021 E-mail:
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6
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Zheng W, Liu F, Du F, Yang F, Kou X, He Y, Feng H, Fan Q, Luo E, Min H, Miao J, Cui L, Cao Y. Characterization of a Sulfhydryl Oxidase From Plasmodium berghei as a Target for Blocking Parasite Transmission. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:311. [PMID: 32670896 PMCID: PMC7332561 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX), present in a wide variety of eukaryotic species, catalyzes the insertion of disulfide bonds into unfolded, reduced proteins. Here we characterized the QSOX protein from the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei (PbQSOX), which is conserved in all sequenced malaria parasite species. The PbQSOX protein was not expressed in asexual erythrocytic stages, but was most abundantly expressed in ookinetes. Indirect immunofluorescence assays revealed PbQSOX was not only localized in cytoplasm of gametocytes, gametes and ookinetes, but also expressed on the surface of gametes and ookinetes. Western blot identified extracellular presence of PbQSOX in the culture medium of ookinetes suggestive of secretion. Pbqsox deletion (Δpbqsox) did not affect asexual intraerythrocytic development, but reduced exflagellation of male gametocytes as well as formation and maturation of ookinetes. Pbqsox deletion also led to a significant increase in the reduced thiol groups of ookinete surface proteins, suggesting that it may play a role in maintaining the integrity of disulfide bonds of surface proteins, which might be needed for ookinete development. Mosquitoes that fed on Δpbqsox-infected mice showed a significant reduction in ookinete and oocyst numbers compared to those fed on wild-type parasite-infected mice. Further, both polyclonal mouse antisera and a monoclonal antibody against the recombinant PbQSOX exhibited substantial transmission-blocking activities in in vitro and mosquito feeding assays, suggesting QSOX is a potential target for blocking parasite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Zheng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolian Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Kou
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Animal Quarantine, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yiwen He
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Dalian Institute of Biotechnology, Dalian, China
| | - Enjie Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Min
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Yaming Cao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Luo H, Hu L, Ma B, Zhao M, Luo M, Deng Q, Deng S, Ye H, Lin T, Chen J, Wang T, Zhu J, Lu H. Molecular dynamics based improvement of the solubilizing self-cleavable tag Z basic-ΔI-CM application in the preparation of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:412-418. [PMID: 30967267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Zbasic-ΔI-CM is a novel intein-based self-cleavable tag we developed to accelerate the soluble expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Previously we found that intein activity could be interfered by its flanking exteins, and thus reducing the production efficiency and final yield. In this work, we used CXC-chemokine 9 (CXCL9) as a model C-extein, which fusion with Zbasic-ΔI-CM showed high intein activity. When the fusion protein got soluble expression, CXCL9 was released immediately and purified directly from cell lysis supernatant. The results demonstrated that Zbasic-ΔI-CM tag had successfully mediated the efficient production of high-quality CXCL9 with reduced time and resources consumption in comparison with inclusion bodies expression. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the improved cleavage activity of Zbasic-ΔI-CM upon fusion with CXCL9 may be due to the higher dynamics of the first half loop and stabilization of the second half loop of intein. Our results proved that the self-cleavable Zbasic-ΔI-CM mediated soluble expression could be a feasible process for cytokines like CXCL9, thus of attractive potentials for production of therapeutic proteins using E. coli expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lifu Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Buyong Ma
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Research Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Meiqi Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Regeneromics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaorong Deng
- Regeneromics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Regeneromics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 2633 Zhongbin Road, Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City, Tianjin, 300467, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Jecho Biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 2633 Zhongbin Road, Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City, Tianjin, 300467, China; Jecho Laboratories, Inc., 7320 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA.
| | - Huili Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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8
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Comparative study of the insoluble and soluble Ulp1 protease constructs as Carrier free and dependent protein immobilizates. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 127:23-29. [PMID: 30001877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed and compared the properties of yeast Ulp1 protease in active inclusion bodies (IBs) as special protein immobilizate, and the soluble Ulp1 via oriented immobilization. Fusion of the N-terminal self-assembling peptide GFIL8 to the Ulp1 increased production of active IBs in Escherichia coli. Attachment of the N-terminal cellulose-binding module facilitated the constructed protein immobilized on the regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC) with a binding capacity up to about 235 mg protein per gram of RAC. Compared with the immobilized soluble construct, the insoluble Ulp1 showed higher resistance to limited proteolysis with trypsin digestion, lower leaky amount at different storage temperatures, but more rapid decrease in cleavage activity after stored at 4°C for 8 days. The immobilized soluble Ulp1 maintained about 42% initial cleavage activity with repetitive use successively, whereas the aggregated Ulp1 lost its cleavage capacity after cleaving the protein substrate once. Crosslinking of IBs mediated by glutaraldehyde inactivated the Ulp1. Freshly prepared and used IBs showed similar resistance to protease-K digestion, and comparable binding capacity of Congo red and thioflavin T. Taken together, due to different advantages, the Ulp1 constructs as carrier-free and carrier-dependent immobilizates are used under different conditions.
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9
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Bozóki B, Gazda L, Tóth F, Miczi M, Mótyán JA, Tőzsér J. A recombinant fusion protein-based, fluorescent protease assay for high throughput-compatible substrate screening. Anal Biochem 2017; 540-541:52-63. [PMID: 29122614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In connection with the intensive investigation of proteases, several methods have been developed for analysis of the substrate specificity. Due to the great number of proteases and the expected target molecules to be analyzed, time- and cost-efficient high-throughput screening (HTS) methods are preferred. Here we describe the development and application of a separation-based HTS-compatible fluorescent protease assay, which is based on the use of recombinant fusion proteins as substrates of proteases. The protein substrates used in this assay consists of N-terminal (hexahistidine and maltose binding protein) fusion tags, cleavage sequences of the tobacco etch virus (TEV) and HIV-1 proteases, and a C-terminal fluorescent protein (mApple or mTurquoise2). The assay is based on the fluorimetric detection of the fluorescent proteins, which are released from the magnetic bead-attached substrates by the proteolytic cleavage. The protease assay has been applied for activity measurements of TEV and HIV-1 proteases to test the suitability of the system for enzyme kinetic measurements, inhibition studies, and determination of pH optimum. We also found that denatured fluorescent proteins can be renatured after SDS-PAGE of denaturing conditions, but showed differences in their renaturation abilities. After in-gel renaturation both substrates and cleavage products can be identified by in-gel UV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Bozóki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Biotechnological Analytical Department, Gedeon Richter Plc, 19-21, Gyömrői Rd., Budapest H-1103, Hungary.
| | - Lívia Gazda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Tóth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Márió Miczi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - János András Mótyán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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