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Veiga RN, de Azevedo ALK, de Oliveira JC, Gradia DF. Targeting EphA2: a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and drug resistance in cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:479-493. [PMID: 38393661 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A2 (EphA2) is a vital member of the Eph tyrosine kinase receptor family and has been associated with developmental processes. However, it is often overexpressed in tumors and correlates with cancer progression and worse prognosis due to the activation of its noncanonical signaling pathway. Throughout cancer treatment, the emergence of drug-resistant tumor cells is relatively common. Since the early 2000s, researchers have focused on understanding the role of EphA2 in promoting drug resistance in different types of cancer, as well as finding efficient and secure EphA2 inhibitors. In this review, the current knowledge regarding induced resistance by EphA2 in cancer treatment is summarized, and the types of cancer that lead to the most cancer-related deaths are highlighted. Some EphA2 inhibitors were also investigated. Regardless of whether the cancer treatment has reached a drug-resistance stage in EphA2-overexpressing tumors, once EphA2 is involved in cancer progression and aggressiveness, targeting EphA2 is a promising therapeutic strategy, especially in combination with other target-drugs for synergistic effect. For that reason, monoclonal antibodies against EphA2 and inhibitors of this receptor should be investigated for efficacy and drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Nasser Veiga
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luiz Korte de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fiori Gradia
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncogenetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics. Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Rua Coronel Francisco Heráclito Dos Santos, 100, Jardim das AméricasCuritiba, CEP, 81531-980, Brazil.
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Sato S, Nakagawa M, Terashima T, Morinaga S, Miyagi Y, Yoshida E, Yoshimura T, Seiki M, Kaneko S, Ueno M, Yamashita T, Koshikawa N. EphA2 Proteolytic Fragment as a Sensitive Diagnostic Biomarker for Very Early-stage Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1862-1874. [PMID: 37712876 PMCID: PMC10503484 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2) triggers malignant progression and yields an N-terminal fragment (EphA2-NF) detectable in sera from patients with pancreatic ductal carcinoma. We established a quantitative automated chemiluminescence immunoassay for EphA2-NF and evaluated serum EphA2-NF levels as a biomarker to diagnose pancreatic ductal carcinoma in the test and validation cohorts. The EphA2-NF value was elevated (above the cutoff: mean ± SD) in more than half of the patients with stage I/II pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Among patients receiving standard chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal carcinoma [gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP)], the median survival time of patients with elevated serum EphA2-NF was half that of patients with values below the cutoff. Patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), a precancerous pancreatic ductal carcinoma lesion, also show high serum EphA2 levels, which are associated with an increase in pancreatic duct size and the development of pancreatic ductal carcinoma in some cases. IHC showed loss of EphA2-NF staining in IPMN with pancreatic ductal carcinoma, but not in the normal epithelium or IPMN without pancreatic ductal carcinoma, regardless of the histologic grade. These results suggest that EphA2 cleavage is an essential event that occurs very early in pancreatic ductal carcinoma development, and that the consequent release of EphA2-NF can be detected in the serum. Thus, serum EphA2-NF could be a diagnostic biomarker for very early-stage pancreatic ductal carcinoma and pancreatic ductal carcinoma development from high-risk IPMN and as a prognostic biomarker after chemotherapy with GnP. SIGNIFICANCE EphA2 N-terminus deletion is involved in pancreatic ductal carcinoma development from high-risk IPMN and EphA2-NF produced by cleavage can be used as a serum biomarker to diagnose pancreatic ductal carcinoma and predict pancreatic ductal carcinoma development from high-risk IPMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sato
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Morphological Analysis Laboratory, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakagawa
- Research and Development, Abbott Japan LLC, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Terashima
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Soichiro Morinaga
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eisaku Yoshida
- Morphological Analysis Laboratory, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshimura
- Morphological Analysis Laboratory, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motoharu Seiki
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taro Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naohiko Koshikawa
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Cancer Proteomics Laboratory, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
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Human ribonuclease 1 serves as a secretory ligand of ephrin A4 receptor and induces breast tumor initiation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2788. [PMID: 33986289 PMCID: PMC8119676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ribonuclease 1 (hRNase 1) is critical to extracellular RNA clearance and innate immunity to achieve homeostasis and host defense; however, whether it plays a role in cancer remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that hRNase 1, independently of its ribonucleolytic activity, enriches the stem-like cell population and enhances the tumor-initiating ability of breast cancer cells. Specifically, secretory hRNase 1 binds to and activates the tyrosine kinase receptor ephrin A4 (EphA4) signaling to promote breast tumor initiation in an autocrine/paracrine manner, which is distinct from the classical EphA4-ephrin juxtacrine signaling through contact-dependent cell-cell communication. In addition, analysis of human breast tumor tissue microarrays reveals a positive correlation between hRNase 1, EphA4 activation, and stem cell marker CD133. Notably, high hRNase 1 level in plasma samples is positively associated with EphA4 activation in tumor tissues from breast cancer patients, highlighting the pathological relevance of the hRNase 1-EphA4 axis in breast cancer. The discovery of hRNase 1 as a secretory ligand of EphA4 that enhances breast cancer stemness suggests a potential treatment strategy by inactivating the hRNase 1-EphA4 axis.
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Analysis of ADAM12-Mediated Ephrin-A1 Cleavage and Its Biological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052480. [PMID: 33804570 PMCID: PMC7957476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that an elevated ephrin-A1 expression is positively correlated with a worse prognosis in some cancers such as colon and liver cancer. The detailed mechanism of an elevated ephrin-A1 expression in a worse prognosis still remains to be fully elucidated. We previously reported that ADAM12-cleaved ephrin-A1 enhanced lung vascular permeability and thereby induced lung metastasis. However, it is still unclear whether or not cleaved forms of ephrin-A1 are derived from primary tumors and have biological activities. We identified the ADAM12-mediated cleavage site of ephrin-A1 by a Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and checked levels of ephrin-A1 in the serum and the urine derived from the primary tumors by using a mouse model. We found elevated levels of tumor-derived ephrin-A1 in the serum and the urine in the tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, inhibition of ADAM-mediated cleavage of ephrin-A1 or antagonization of the EphA receptors resulted in a significant reduction of lung metastasis. The results suggest that tumor-derived ephrin-A1 is not only a potential biomarker to predict lung metastasis from the primary tumor highly expressing ephrin-A1 but also a therapeutic target of lung metastasis.
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Wallaschek N, Reuter S, Silkenat S, Wolf K, Niklas C, Kayisoglu Ö, Aguilar C, Wiegering A, Germer CT, Kircher S, Rosenwald A, Shannon-Lowe C, Bartfeld S. Ephrin receptor A2, the epithelial receptor for Epstein-Barr virus entry, is not available for efficient infection in human gastric organoids. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009210. [PMID: 33596248 PMCID: PMC7935236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is best known for infection of B cells, in which it usually establishes an asymptomatic lifelong infection, but is also associated with the development of multiple B cell lymphomas. EBV also infects epithelial cells and is associated with all cases of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). EBV is etiologically linked with at least 8% of gastric cancer (EBVaGC) that comprises a genetically and epigenetically distinct subset of GC. Although we have a very good understanding of B cell entry and lymphomagenesis, the sequence of events leading to EBVaGC remains poorly understood. Recently, ephrin receptor A2 (EPHA2) was proposed as the epithelial cell receptor on human cancer cell lines. Although we confirm some of these results, we demonstrate that EBV does not infect healthy adult stem cell-derived gastric organoids. In matched pairs of normal and cancer-derived organoids from the same patient, EBV only reproducibly infected the cancer organoids. While there was no clear pattern of differential expression between normal and cancer organoids for EPHA2 at the RNA and protein level, the subcellular location of the protein differed markedly. Confocal microscopy showed EPHA2 localization at the cell-cell junctions in primary cells, but not in cancer cell lines. Furthermore, histologic analysis of patient tissue revealed the absence of EBV in healthy epithelium and presence of EBV in epithelial cells from inflamed tissue. These data suggest that the EPHA2 receptor is not accessible to EBV on healthy gastric epithelial cells with intact cell-cell contacts, but either this or another, yet to be identified receptor may become accessible following cellular changes induced by inflammation or transformation, rendering changes in the cellular architecture an essential prerequisite to EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wallaschek
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Reuter
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Silkenat
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Wolf
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Niklas
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Özge Kayisoglu
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Claire Shannon-Lowe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sina Bartfeld
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail: ,
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Association of Epidermal Growth Factor 61A>G, Survivin -31G>C, and EFNA1 -1732G>A Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 53:78-83. [PMID: 33180239 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms play an important role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Functional variants in the epidermal growth factor (EGF), survivin, and Ephrin A1 (EFNA1) genes have been previously reported to play a potential role in susceptibility to CRC, but these polymorphisms have not been well replicated. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the EGF 61A>G, Survivin -31G>C, and EFNA1 -1732G>A polymorphisms with the susceptibility to CRC in an Iranian population. METHODS A total of 148 cases diagnosed with CRC and 160 healthy subjects were recruited. The EGF 61A>G, survivin -31G>C, and EFNA1 -1732G>A polymorphisms were genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. RESULTS Our data revealed that the homozygous mutant genotype (CC: OR = 2.895, 95% CI = 1.092-7.673, p = 0.033) and mutant allele (C: OR = 1.629, 95% CI = 1.152-2.303, p = 0.006) of the survivin -31G>C were associated with an increased risk of CRC in the Iranian population. However, our results failed to show an association between the EGF 61A>G and EFNA1 -1732G>A polymorphisms and CRC risk. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the survivin -31G>C polymorphism might play an important role in development of CRC in Iranian population. However, no association of EGF 61A>G and EFNA1 -1732G>A polymorphisms with CRC risk was found.
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Lee PC, Chen ST, Kuo TC, Lin TC, Lin MC, Huang J, Hung JS, Hsu CL, Juan HF, Lee PH, Huang MC. C1GALT1 is associated with poor survival and promotes soluble Ephrin A1-mediated cell migration through activation of EPHA2 in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:2724-2740. [PMID: 32005975 PMCID: PMC7098884 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
C1GALT1 controls the crucial step of GalNAc-type O-glycosylation and is associated with both physiologic and pathologic conditions, including cancers. EPH receptors comprise the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and modulate a diverse range of developmental processes and human diseases. However, the role of C1GALT1 in the signaling of EPH receptors remains largely overlooked. Here, we showed that C1GALT1 high expression in gastric adenocarcinomas correlated with adverse clinicopathologic features and is an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival. Silencing or loss of C1GALT1 inhibited cell viability, migration, invasion, tumor growth and metastasis, as well as increased apoptosis and cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil in AGS and MKN45 cells. Phospho-RTK array and western blot analysis showed that C1GALT1 depletion suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of EPHA2 induced by soluble Ephrin A1-Fc. O-glycans on EPHA2 were modified by C1GALT1 and both S277A and T429A mutants, which are O-glycosites on EPHA2, dramatically enhanced phosphorylation of Y588, suggesting that not only overall O-glycan structures but also site-specific O-glycosylation can regulate EPHA2 activity. Furthermore, depletion of C1GALT1 decreased Ephrin A1-Fc induced migration and reduced Ephrin A1 binding to cell surfaces. The effects of C1GALT1 knockdown or knockout on cell invasiveness in vitro and in vivo were phenocopied by EPHA2 knockdown in gastric cancer cells. These results suggest that C1GALT1 promotes phosphorylation of EPHA2 and enhances soluble Ephrin A1-mediated migration primarily by modifying EPHA2 O-glycosylation. Our study highlights the importance of GalNAc-type O-glycosylation in EPH receptor-regulated diseases and identifies C1GALT1 as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chu Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Syue-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Shiang Hung
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ma TT, Wang L, Wang JL, Liu YJ, Chen YC, He HJ, Song Y. Hypoxia-Induced Cleavage Of Soluble ephrinA1 From Cancer Cells Is Mediated By MMP-2 And Associates With Angiogenesis In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8491-8499. [PMID: 31686863 PMCID: PMC6799903 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s213252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ephrinA1 plays important roles in tumor angiogenesis. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) can cleave ephrinA1 from the cell membrane into extracellular environment. However, how soluble ephrinA1 is modulated by hypoxia and whether MMPs participate in this hypoxic process remains to be investigated in detail. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were included in the present study for HIF-1α, MMP-2, MMP-9 and ephrinA1 detection by immunohistochemistry. Serum samples from 35 patients were collected both preoperatively and postoperatively to confirm the existence of soluble ephrinA1 by ELISA. Block assay and Western blot analysis were further carried out to elucidate the proteolysis mechanism of ephrinA1 under hypoxic condition in vitro. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that HIF-1α, MMP-2, MMP-9 and ephrinA1 expressed positively, and correlated with microvessel density in OSCCs, except for MMP-9. The serum expression level of ephrinA1 in OSCC patients decreased significantly after surgical removal of the solid tumors. In vitro experiments indicated that GM6001, a MMP-specific inhibitor, could reduce hypoxia-induced soluble ephrinA1 secretion from SCC cells. Further Western blot analysis confirmed that both HIF-1α and MMP-2 were up-regulated by hypoxia in a similar time-dependent manner, with the MMP-9 expression unchanged during this course. CONCLUSION These results suggested a possible novel mechanism that ephrinA1 secretion is mediated by HIF-1α/MMP-2 signaling cascade which may play pivotal roles in OSCC neovascularization in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Lin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hu-Jie He
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Stomatology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD): A case study applying tiered testing for human health risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Mulot M, Monsion B, Boissinot S, Rastegar M, Meyer S, Bochet N, Brault V. Transmission of Turnip yellows virus by Myzus persicae Is Reduced by Feeding Aphids on Double-Stranded RNA Targeting the Ephrin Receptor Protein. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:457. [PMID: 29593696 PMCID: PMC5859162 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphid-transmitted plant viruses are a threat for major crops causing massive economic loss worldwide. Members in the Luteoviridae family are transmitted by aphids in a circulative and non-replicative mode. Virions are acquired by aphids when ingesting sap from infected plants and are transported through the gut and the accessory salivary gland (ASG) cells by a transcytosis mechanism relying on virus-specific receptors largely unknown. Once released into the salivary canal, virions are inoculated to plants, together with saliva, during a subsequent feeding. In this paper, we bring in vivo evidence that the membrane-bound Ephrin receptor (Eph) is a novel aphid protein involved in the transmission of the Turnip yellows virus (TuYV, Polerovirus genus, Luteoviridae family) by Myzus persicae. The minor capsid protein of TuYV, essential for aphid transmission, was able to bind the external domain of Eph in yeast. Feeding M. persicae on in planta- or in vitro-synthesized dsRNA targeting Eph-mRNA (dsRNAEph) did not affect aphid feeding behavior but reduced accumulation of TuYV genomes in the aphid's body. Consequently, TuYV transmission efficiency by the dsRNAEph-treated aphids was reproducibly inhibited and we brought evidence that Eph is likely involved in intestinal uptake of the virion. The inhibition of virus uptake after dsRNAEph acquisition was also observed for two other poleroviruses transmitted by M. persicae, suggesting a broader role of Eph in polerovirus transmission. Finally, dsRNAEph acquisition by aphids did not affect nymph production. These results pave the way toward an ecologically safe alternative of insecticide treatments that are used to lower aphid populations and reduce polerovirus damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Mulot
- SVQV, Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Colmar, France
| | - Baptiste Monsion
- SVQV, Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Colmar, France
| | - Sylvaine Boissinot
- SVQV, Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Colmar, France
| | - Maryam Rastegar
- SVQV, Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Colmar, France.,Department of Plant Protection, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sophie Meyer
- SVQV, Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Colmar, France
| | - Nicole Bochet
- SVQV, Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Colmar, France
| | - Véronique Brault
- SVQV, Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Colmar, France
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Gomes de Castro MA, Höbartner C, Opazo F. Aptamers provide superior stainings of cellular receptors studied under super-resolution microscopy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173050. [PMID: 28235049 PMCID: PMC5325610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous improvements in imaging techniques are challenging biologists to search for more accurate methods to label cellular elements. This is particularly relevant for diffraction-unlimited fluorescence imaging, where the perceived resolution is affected by the size of the affinity probes. This is evident when antibodies, which are 10-15 nm in size, are used. Previously it has been suggested that RNA aptamers (~3 nm) can be used to detect cellular proteins under super-resolution imaging. However, a direct comparison between several aptamers and antibodies is needed, to clearly show the advantages and/or disadvantages of the different probes. Here we have conducted such a comparative study, by testing several aptamers and antibodies using stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED). We have targeted three membrane receptors, EGFR, ErbB2 and Epha2, which are relevant to human health, and recycle between plasma membrane and intracellular organelles. Our results suggest that the aptamers can reveal more epitopes than most antibodies, thus providing a denser labeling of the stained structures. Moreover, this improves the overall quality of the information that can be extracted from the images. We conclude that aptamers could become useful fluorescent labeling tools for light microscopy and super-resolution imaging, and that their development for novel targets is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Opazo
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Tatsukawa R, Koga K, Aoki M, Koshikawa N, Imafuku S, Nakayama J, Nabeshima K. Immunohistochemical demonstration of EphA2 processing by MT1-MMP in invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:25-34. [PMID: 27056569 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor-2 (EphA2) overexpression is prevalent in many types of human cancers, and it has been reported that high EphA2 expression is correlated with malignancy. Recent studies revealed that processing of EphA2 by cleaving off the N-terminal portion by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) promotes invasion via stimulation of Ras in cancer cells in vitro. The objectives of this study were to investigate the presence and role of EphA2 processing in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues. EphA2 (C-terminal and N-terminal) and MT1-MMP expression patterns and levels were analyzed immunohistochemically in SCC (n = 70) and Bowen disease (BD; n = 20). Levels of MT1-MMP and EphA2 expression were evaluated using digital image analysis. Proximity between MT1-MMP and EphA2 in cancer cells and its effect on EphA2 processing were investigated using a combination of in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) and Western blotting. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that levels of EphA2 N-terminal expression were significantly lower than those of EphA2 C-terminal expression in SCC, whereas levels of EphA2 C- and N-terminal expression were similar in BD. Western blotting showed processed EphA2 fragments in human SCC tissues. Expression levels of MT1-MMP, EphA2, and processed EphA2 fragments were higher in SCC than BD. Proximity between MT1-MMP and EphA2 in SCC was demonstrated by in situ PLA. Our results suggest possible involvement of MT1-MMP processing of EphA2 in invasiveness of cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Tatsukawa
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Mikiko Aoki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Naohiko Koshikawa
- Research Institute, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Shinichi Imafuku
- Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Juichiro Nakayama
- Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University Hospital, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Hospital and School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
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Yang PW, Chiang TH, Hsieh CY, Huang YC, Wong LF, Hung MC, Tsai JC, Lee JM. The effect of ephrin-A1 on resistance to Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:2353-61. [PMID: 26450615 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most prevalent cell type of esophageal cancer, remains a dismal disease with poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment option for early esophageal cancer. To explore possible factors involved in resistance to PDT in esophageal cancer cells, we selected PDT-resistant subcell lines by repeated treatment of CE48T/VGH (CE48T) ESCC cells with Photofrin-PDT and then analyzed the global gene modulations in the PDT-resistant cells by whole-genome microarray. More than 700 genes reached a fold change greater than 1.5 in each of the PDT-resistant cells compared to parental cells. Among these genes, both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and EFNA1 genes were significantly upregulated in resistant cell lines. However, they were significantly downregulated in Photofrin-PDT-treated cells compared to untreated cells. The observations made in the microarray analysis were further confirmed by quantitative PCR. We observed that recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) activated the gene expression of EFNA1 at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) level and the protein level in CE48T cells. Functional analysis showed that when incubated with oligomeric and monomeric ephrin-A1 simultaneously, ESCC cells became significantly resistant to Photofrin-PDT. Functional analysis further suggested that transmembrane and soluble ephrin-A1 may cooperate to enhance resistance to Photofrin-PDT in ESCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yueh Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chuan Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fan Wong
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chang Tsai
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Optoelectronic Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jang-Ming Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Epithelial cells are tightly coupled together through specialized intercellular junctions, including adherens junctions, desmosomes, tight junctions, and gap junctions. A growing body of evidence suggests epithelial cells also directly exchange information at cell-cell contacts via the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane-associated ephrin ligands. Ligand-dependent and -independent signaling via Eph receptors as well as reverse signaling through ephrins impact epithelial tissue homeostasis by organizing stem cell compartments and regulating cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, differentiation, and survival. This review focuses on breast, gut, and skin epithelia as representative examples for how Eph receptors and ephrins modulate diverse epithelial cell responses in a context-dependent manner. Abnormal Eph receptor and ephrin signaling is implicated in a variety of epithelial diseases raising the intriguing possibility that this cell-cell communication pathway can be therapeutically harnessed to normalize epithelial function in pathological settings like cancer or chronic inflammation.
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Key Words
- ADAM, a disintegrin and metalloprotease
- Apc, adenomatous polyposis coli
- Breast
- ER, estrogen receptor
- Eph receptor
- Eph, erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular
- Erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor
- GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- KLF, Krüppel-like factor
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MMTV-LTR, mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat
- MT1-MMP, membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase
- PDZ, postsynaptic density protein 95, discs large 1, and zonula occludens-1
- PTP, protein tyrosine phosphatase
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- SH2, Src homology 2
- SHIP2, SH2 inositol phosphatase 2
- SLAP, Src-like adaptor protein
- TCF, T-cell specific transcription factor
- TEB, terminal end bud
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α.
- cell-cell
- ephrin
- epithelial
- intestine
- receptor tyrosine kinase
- skin
- stem cell
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15
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Koshikawa N, Hoshino D, Taniguchi H, Minegishi T, Tomari T, Nam SO, Aoki M, Sueta T, Nakagawa T, Miyamoto S, Nabeshima K, Weaver AM, Seiki M. Proteolysis of EphA2 Converts It from a Tumor Suppressor to an Oncoprotein. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3327-39. [PMID: 26130649 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases are considered candidate therapeutic targets in cancer, but they can exert opposing effects on cell growth. In the presence of its ligands, Eph receptor EphA2 suppresses signaling by other growth factor receptors, including ErbB, whereas ligand-independent activation of EphA2 augments ErbB signaling. To deploy EphA2-targeting drugs effectively in tumors, the anti-oncogenic ligand-dependent activation state of EphA2 must be discriminated from its oncogenic ligand-independent state. Because the molecular basis for the latter is little understood, we investigated how the activation state of EphA2 can be switched in tumor tissue. We found that ligand-binding domain of EphA2 is cleaved frequently by the membrane metalloproteinase MT1-MMP, a powerful modulator of the pericellular environment in tumor cells. EphA2 immunostaining revealed a significant loss of the N-terminal portion of EphA2 in areas of tumor tissue that expressed MT1-MMP. Moreover, EphA2 phosphorylation patterns that signify ligand-independent activation were observed specifically in these areas of tumor tissue. Mechanistic experiments revealed that processing of EphA2 by MT1-MMP promoted ErbB signaling, anchorage-independent growth, and cell migration. Conversely, expression of a proteolysis-resistant mutant of EphA2 prevented tumorigenesis and metastasis of human tumor xenografts in mice. Overall, our results showed how the proteolytic state of EphA2 in tumors determines its effector function and influences its status as a candidate biomarker for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko Koshikawa
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hoshino
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hiroaki Taniguchi
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Minegishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taizo Tomari
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sung-Ouk Nam
- Department of Obstetrics, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikiko Aoki
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sueta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Motoharu Seiki
- Division of Cancer Cell Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Integrated Center for Advanced Medical Technologies, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan.
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16
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Gucciardo E, Sugiyama N, Lehti K. Eph- and ephrin-dependent mechanisms in tumor and stem cell dynamics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3685-710. [PMID: 24794629 PMCID: PMC11113620 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Eph) receptors comprise the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Initially regarded as axon-guidance and tissue-patterning molecules, Eph receptors have now been attributed with various functions during development, tissue homeostasis, and disease pathogenesis. Their ligands, ephrins, are synthesized as membrane-associated molecules. At least two properties make this signaling system unique: (1) the signal can be simultaneously transduced in the receptor- and the ligand-expressing cell, (2) the signaling outcome through the same molecules can be opposite depending on cellular context. Moreover, shedding of Eph and ephrin ectodomains as well as ligand-dependent and -independent receptor crosstalk with other RTKs, proteases, and adhesion molecules broadens the repertoire of Eph/ephrin functions. These integrated pathways provide plasticity to cell-microenvironment communication in varying tissue contexts. The complex molecular networks and dynamic cellular outcomes connected to the Eph/ephrin signaling in tumor-host communication and stem cell niche are the main focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gucciardo
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nami Sugiyama
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Son AI, Sheleg M, Cooper MA, Sun Y, Kleiman NJ, Zhou R. Formation of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in ephrin-A5-/- mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:1594-606. [PMID: 24550361 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary vitreous regression is a critical event in mammalian eye development required for proper ocular maturity and unhindered vision. Failure of this event results in the eye disease persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), also identified as persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), a condition characterized by the presence of a fibrovascular mass adjacent to the lens and retina, and associated with visual disability and blindness. Here, we identify ephrin-A5 to be a critical regulator for primary vitreous regression. METHODS Wild-type and ephrin-A5(-/-) eyes were examined at various developmental stages to determine the progression of PHPV. Eye tissue was sectioned and examined by H&E staining. Protein expression and localization was determined through immunohistochemistry. Relative levels of Eph receptors were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS Ephrin-A5(-/-) animals develop ocular phenotypes representative of PHPV, most notably the presence of a large hyperplastic mass posterior to the lens that remains throughout the lifetime of the animal. The aberrant tissue in these mutant mice consists of residual hyaloid vessels surrounded by pigmented cells of neural crest origin. Labeling with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression shows that the mass in ephrin-A5(-/-) animals is mitotically active in embryonic and postnatal stages. CONCLUSIONS Ephrin-A5 is a critical factor that regulates primary vitreous regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Son
- Department of Chemical Biology, Susan Lehman-Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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18
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Falivelli G, Lisabeth EM, de la Torre ER, Perez-Tenorio G, Tosato G, Salvucci O, Pasquale EB. Attenuation of eph receptor kinase activation in cancer cells by coexpressed ephrin ligands. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81445. [PMID: 24348920 PMCID: PMC3857839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eph receptor tyrosine kinases mediate juxtacrine signals by interacting “in trans” with ligands anchored to the surface of neighboring cells via a GPI-anchor (ephrin-As) or a transmembrane segment (ephrin-Bs), which leads to receptor clustering and increased kinase activity. Additionally, soluble forms of the ephrin-A ligands released from the cell surface by matrix metalloproteases can also activate EphA receptor signaling. Besides these trans interactions, recent studies have revealed that Eph receptors and ephrins coexpressed in neurons can also engage in lateral “cis” associations that attenuate receptor activation by ephrins in trans with critical functional consequences. Despite the importance of the Eph/ephrin system in tumorigenesis, Eph receptor-ephrin cis interactions have not been previously investigated in cancer cells. Here we show that in cancer cells, coexpressed ephrin-A3 can inhibit the ability of EphA2 and EphA3 to bind ephrins in trans and become activated, while ephrin-B2 can inhibit not only EphB4 but also EphA3. The cis inhibition of EphA3 by ephrin-B2 implies that in some cases ephrins that cannot activate a particular Eph receptor in trans can nevertheless inhibit its signaling ability through cis association. We also found that an EphA3 mutation identified in lung cancer enhances cis interaction with ephrin-A3. These results suggest a novel mechanism that may contribute to cancer pathogenesis by attenuating the tumor suppressing effects of Eph receptor signaling pathways activated by ephrins in trans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Falivelli
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department Pharmacology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Mathes Lisabeth
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - Gizeh Perez-Tenorio
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Giovanna Tosato
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ombretta Salvucci
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elena B. Pasquale
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Nekrasova OV, Sharonov GV, Tikhonov RV, Kolosov PM, Astapova MV, Yakimov SA, Tagvey AI, Korchagina AA, Bocharova OV, Wulfson AN, Feofanov AV, Kirpichnikov MP. Receptor-binding domain of ephrin-A1: production in bacterial expression system and activity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:1387-94. [PMID: 23244735 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912120073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, the ephrins, perform an important regulatory function in tissue organization, as well as participate in malignant transformation of cells. Ephrin-A1, a ligand of A class Eph receptors, is a modulator of tumor growth and progression, and the mechanism of its action needs detailed investigation. Here we report on the development of a system for bacterial expression of an ephrin-A1 receptor-binding domain (eA1), a procedure for its purification, and its renaturation with final yield of 50 mg/liter of culture. Functional activity of eA1 was confirmed by immunoblotting, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. It is shown that monomeric non-glycosylated receptor-binding domain of ephrin-A1 is able to activate cellular EphA2 receptors, stimulating their phosphorylation. Ligand eA1 can be used to study the features of ephrin-A1 interactions with different A class Eph receptors. The created expression cassette is suitable for the development of ligands with increased activity and selectivity and experimental systems for the delivery of cytotoxins into tumor cells that overexpress EphA2 or other class A Eph receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Nekrasova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
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20
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ADAM12-cleaved ephrin-A1 contributes to lung metastasis. Oncogene 2013; 33:2179-90. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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EphrinA1 is released in three forms from cancer cells by matrix metalloproteases. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:3253-64. [PMID: 22688511 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06791-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
EphrinA1 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked ligand for the EphA2 receptor, which is overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM), among other cancers. Activation of the receptor by ephrinA1 leads to a suppression of oncogenic properties of GBM cells. We documented that a monomeric functional form of ephrinA1 is released from cancer cells and thus explored the mechanism of ephrinA1 release and the primary protein sequence. We demonstrate here that multiple metalloproteases (MMPs) are able to cleave ephrinA1, most notably MMP-1, -2, -9, and -13. The proteolytic cleavage that releases ephrinA1 occurs at three positions near the C terminus, producing three forms ending in valine-175, histidine-177, or serine-178. Moreover, deletion of amino acids 174 to 181 or 175 to 181 yields ephrinA1 that is still GPI linked but not released by proteolysis, underlining the necessity of amino acids 175 to 181 for release from the membrane. Furthermore, recombinant ephrinA1 ending at residue 175 retains activity toward the EphA2 receptor. These findings suggest a mechanism of release and provide evidence for the existence of several forms of monomeric ephrinA1. Moreover, ephrinA1 should be truncated at a minimum at amino acid 175 in fusions or conjugates with other molecules in order to prevent likely proteolysis within physiological and pathobiological environments.
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22
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Son AI, Park JE, Zhou R. The role of Eph receptors in lens function and disease. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2012; 55:434-43. [PMID: 22645087 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-012-4318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is the single largest contributor to blindness in the world, with the disease having a strong genetic component. In recent years the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases has been identified as a key regulator in lens clarity. In this review we discuss the roles of the Eph receptors in lens biology and cataract development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Son
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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23
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Carpenter TC, Schroeder W, Stenmark KR, Schmidt EP. Eph-A2 promotes permeability and inflammatory responses to bleomycin-induced lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:40-7. [PMID: 21799118 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0044oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation by the ephrin-A1 ligand of the EphA2 receptor increases endothelial permeability. Lung injury increases the expression of EphA2, but the role of EphA2 in such injury is not well understood. To determine whether EphA2 contributes to changes in permeability and inflammation in the injured lung, we studied wild-type (WT) and EphA2 knockout (KO) mice, using isolated, perfused lung (IPL) preparations and a model of bleomycin-induced lung injury. We also studied the response of endothelial cells to ephrin-A1. In the IPL preparations, ephrin-A1 increased the filtration coefficient in WT mice, but not in EphA2 KO mice, demonstrating that EphA2 regulates vascular permeability. In early bleomycin injury in WT mice, the expression of both EphA2 and ephrin-A1 increased. EphA2 KO animals were protected from lung injury, showing less water and alveolar protein in the lungs than WT mice, consistent with reduced permeability. Bleomycin caused less accumulation of lung leukocytes in EphA2 KO animals than in WT animals, suggesting that EphA2 regulates inflammation. To determine whether EphA2 deficiency alters the production of chemokines, CXCL1 and CCL2 in the lungs were measured. After bleomycin injury, EphA2 KO animals produced less CXCL1 and CCL2 than WT animals. Because NF-κβ mediates the production of chemokines, the effect of the ephrin-A1 ligand on the activation of NF-κβ and the expression of chemokines was measured in endothelial cells. Ephrin-a1 significantly increased NF-κβ nuclear translocation and the expression of chemokine mRNA. This study demonstrates that the expression of EphA2 increases in the injured lung, and not only contributes to changes in permeability, but also plays a previously unrecognized role in promoting inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd C Carpenter
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, 80045, USA.
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24
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Ephs and ephrins in cancer: ephrin-A1 signalling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 23:109-15. [PMID: 22040911 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ephrin-A1 and its primary receptor, EphA2, are involved in numerous physiological processes and have been intensely studied for their roles in malignancy. Ephrin-Eph signalling is complex on its own and is also cell-type dependent, making elucidation of the exact role of ephrin-A1 in neoplasia challenging. Multiple oncogenic signalling pathways, such as MAP/ERK and PI3K are affected by ephrin-A1, and in some cases evidence suggests the promotion of a specific pathway in one cell or cancer type and inhibition of the same pathway in another type of cell or cancer. Ephrin-A1 also plays an integral role in angiogenesis and tumor neovascularization. Until recently, studies investigating ephrins focused on the ligands as GPI-anchored proteins that required membrane anchoring or artificial clustering for Eph receptor activation. However, recent studies have demonstrated a functional role for soluble, monomeric ephrin-A1. This review will focus on various forms of ephrin-A1-specific signalling in human malignancy.
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25
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Brantley-Sieders DM. Clinical relevance of Ephs and ephrins in cancer: lessons from breast, colorectal, and lung cancer profiling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 23:102-8. [PMID: 22040912 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies provide compelling evidence that members of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands promote tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, and neovascularization. Tumor suppressive roles have also been reported for the receptors, and ligand-dependent versus ligand-independent signaling has emerged as one key mechanism underlying tumor suppressive function as opposed to oncogenic effects. Determining how these observations relate to clinical outcome is a crucial step for translating the biological and mechanistic data into new molecularly targeted therapies. Expression profiling in human patient samples bridges this gap and provides valuable clinical relevance to laboratory observations. In addition to analyses performed using privately assembled patient tumor samples, publically available microarray datasets and tissue microarrays linked to clinical data have emerged as tractable tools for addressing the clinical relevance of specific molecules and families of related molecules. This review summarizes the clinical relevance of specific Eph and ephrin molecules in human breast, colorectal, and lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Brantley-Sieders
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, A-4323 MCN, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA.
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