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Chan KI, Zhang S, Li G, Xu Y, Cui L, Wang Y, Su H, Tan W, Zhong Z. MYC Oncogene: A Druggable Target for Treating Cancers with Natural Products. Aging Dis 2024; 15:640-697. [PMID: 37450923 PMCID: PMC10917530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various diseases, including cancers, age-associated disorders, and acute liver failure, have been linked to the oncogene, MYC. Animal testing and clinical trials have shown that sustained tumor volume reduction can be achieved when MYC is inactivated, and different combinations of therapeutic agents including MYC inhibitors are currently being developed. In this review, we first provide a summary of the multiple biological functions of the MYC oncoprotein in cancer treatment, highlighting that the equilibrium points of the MYC/MAX, MIZ1/MYC/MAX, and MAD (MNT)/MAX complexes have further potential in cancer treatment that could be used to restrain MYC oncogene expression and its functions in tumorigenesis. We also discuss the multifunctional capacity of MYC in various cellular cancer processes, including its influences on immune response, metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, multidrug resistance, and intestinal flora. Moreover, we summarize the MYC therapy patent landscape and emphasize the potential of MYC as a druggable target, using herbal medicine modulators. Finally, we describe pending challenges and future perspectives in biomedical research, involving the development of therapeutic approaches to modulate MYC or its targeted genes. Patients with cancers driven by MYC signaling may benefit from therapies targeting these pathways, which could delay cancerous growth and recover antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yida Xu
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
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2
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Oliveira BB, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV. Assessing the gene silencing potential of AuNP-based approaches on conventional 2D cell culture versus 3D tumor spheroid. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1320729. [PMID: 38410164 PMCID: PMC10894999 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1320729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture using tumor spheroids provides a crucial platform for replicating tissue microenvironments. However, effective gene modulation via nanoparticle-based transfection remains a challenge, often facing delivery hurdles. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with their tailored synthesis and biocompatibility, have shown promising results in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, nevertheless, they still require a comprehensive evaluation before they can reach its full potential on 3D models. While 2D cultures offer simplicity and affordability, they lack physiological fidelity. In contrast, 3D spheroids better capture in vivo conditions, enabling the study of cell interactions and nutrient distribution. These models are essential for investigating cancer behavior, drug responses, and developmental processes. Nevertheless, transitioning from 2D to 3D models demands an understanding of altered internalization mechanisms and microenvironmental influences. This study assessed ASO-AuNP conjugates for silencing the c-MYC oncogene in 2D cultures and 3D tumor spheroids, revealing distinctions in gene silencing efficiency and highlighting the microenvironment's impact on AuNP-mediated gene modulation. Herein, we demonstrate that increasing the number of AuNPs per cell by 2.6 times, when transitioning from a 2D cell model to a 3D spheroid, allows to attain similar silencing efficiencies. Such insights advance the development of targeted gene therapies within intricate tissue-like contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz B. Oliveira
- UCIBIO, Department Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Department Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Viana Baptista
- UCIBIO, Department Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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3
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Zhao B, Qiao H, Zhao Y, Gao Z, Wang W, Cui Y, Li J, Guo Z, Chuai X, Chiu S. HBV precore G1896A mutation promotes growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating ERK/MAPK pathway. Virol Sin 2023; 38:680-689. [PMID: 37331658 PMCID: PMC10590694 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The HBV genome is prone to mutate and several variants are closely related to the malignant transformation of liver disease. G1896A mutation (G to A mutation at nucleotide 1896) is one of the most frequently observed mutations in the precore region of HBV, which prevents HBeAg expression and is strongly associated with HCC. However, the mechanisms by which this mutation causes HCC are unclear. Here, we explored the function and molecular mechanisms of the G1896A mutation during HBV-associated HCC. G1896A mutation remarkably enhanced the HBV replication in vitro. Moreover, it increased tumor formation and inhibited apoptosis of hepatoma cells, and decreased the sensitivity of HCC to sorafenib. Mechanistically, the G1896A mutation could activate ERK/MAPK pathway to enhanced sorafenib resistance in HCC cells and augmented cell survival and growth. Collectively, our study demonstrates for the first time that the G1896A mutation has a dual regulatory role in exacerbating HCC severity and sheds some light on the treatment of G1896A mutation-associated HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Zhao
- Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Hongxiu Qiao
- Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Zhiyun Gao
- Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Zhanjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Xia Chuai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430207, China.
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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4
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Santo D, Mendonça PV, Serra AC, Coelho JFJ, Faneca H. Targeted downregulation of MYC mediated by a highly efficient lactobionic acid-based glycoplex to enhance chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122865. [PMID: 36940837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The chemosensitization of tumor cells by gene therapy represents a promising strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. In this regard, HCC-specific and highly efficient gene delivery nanocarriers are urgently needed. For this purpose, novel lactobionic acid-based gene delivery nanosystems were developed to downregulate c-MYC expression and sensitize tumor cells to low concentration of sorafenib (SF). A library of tailor-made cationic glycopolymers, based on poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) (PAMA) and poly(2-lactobionamidoethyl methacrylate) (PLAMA) were synthesized by a straightforward activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. The nanocarriers prepared with PAMA114-co-PLAMA20 glycopolymer were the most efficient for gene delivery. These glycoplexes specifically bound to the asialoglycoprotein receptor and were internalized through the clathrin-coated pit endocytic pathway. c-MYC expression was significantly downregulated by MYC short-hairpin RNA (MYC shRNA), resulting in efficient inhibition of tumor cells proliferation and a high levels apoptosis in 2D and 3D HCC-tumor models. Moreover, c-MYC silencing increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to SF (IC50 for MYC shRNA+ SF 1.9 μM compared to 6.9 μM for control shRNA + SF). Overall, the data obtained demonstrated the great potential of PAMA114-co-PLAMA20/MYC shRNA nanosystems combined with low doses of SF for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Santo
- University of Coimbra, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia V Mendonça
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arménio C Serra
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Coimbra, Portugal; IPN, Instituto Pedro Nunes, Associação para a Inovação e Desenvolvimento em Ciência e Tecnologia, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Faneca
- University of Coimbra, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Coimbra, Portugal.
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5
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He B, Guo L, Hu Y, Huang H, Wan L, Xu K, Wang F, Wen Z. Desmocollin-2 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via the ERK/c-MYC signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8805-8817. [DOI: 10.18632/aging.204370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Youwen Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Lijun Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Kedong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Zhili Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330000, China
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6
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Ilakiyalakshmi M, Arumugam Napoleon A. Review on recent development of quinoline for anticancer activities. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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7
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Xu M, Yang L, Lin Y, Lu Y, Bi X, Jiang T, Deng W, Zhang L, Yi W, Xie Y, Li M. Emerging nanobiotechnology for precise theranostics of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:427. [PMID: 36175957 PMCID: PMC9524074 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer has become the second most fatal cancer in the world, and its five-year survival rate is only 10%. Most patients are in the middle and advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, losing the opportunity for radical treatment. Liver cancer is not sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. At present, conventional molecularly targeted drugs for liver cancer show some problems, such as short residence time, poor drug enrichment, and drug resistance. Therefore, developing new diagnosis and treatment methods to effectively improve the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term prognosis of liver cancer is urgent. As an emerging discipline, nanobiotechnology, based on safe, stable, and efficient nanomaterials, constructs highly targeted nanocarriers according to the unique characteristics of tumors and further derives a variety of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods based on this transport system, providing a new method for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. This paper aims to summarize the latest progress in this field according to existing research and the latest clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as clarify the role, application limitations, and prospects of research on nanomaterials and the development and application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yanjie Lin
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bi
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
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8
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The Impact of Oxidative Stress and AKT Pathway on Cancer Cell Functions and Its Application to Natural Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091845. [PMID: 36139919 PMCID: PMC9495789 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) are responsible for regulating several cell functions of cancer cells. Several natural products modulate both oxidative stress and AKT for anticancer effects. However, the impact of natural product-modulating oxidative stress and AKT on cell functions lacks systemic understanding. Notably, the contribution of regulating cell functions by AKT downstream effectors is not yet well integrated. This review explores the role of oxidative stress and AKT pathway (AKT/AKT effectors) on ten cell functions, including apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial morphogenesis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, DNA damage response, senescence, migration, and cell-cycle progression. The impact of oxidative stress and AKT are connected to these cell functions through cell function mediators. Moreover, the AKT effectors related to cell functions are integrated. Based on this rationale, natural products with the modulating abilities for oxidative stress and AKT pathway exhibit the potential to regulate these cell functions, but some were rarely reported, particularly for AKT effectors. This review sheds light on understanding the roles of oxidative stress and AKT pathway in regulating cell functions, providing future directions for natural products in cancer treatment.
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9
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Ogoke O, Yousef O, Ott C, Kalinousky A, Lin W, Shamul C, Ross S, Parashurama N. Modeling Liver Organogenesis by Recreating Three-Dimensional Collective Cell Migration: A Role for TGFβ Pathway. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:621286. [PMID: 34211963 PMCID: PMC8239196 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.621286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) collective cell migration (CCM) is critical for improving liver cell therapies, eliciting mechanisms of liver disease, and modeling human liver development and organogenesis. Mechanisms of CCM differ in 2D vs. 3D systems, and existing models are limited to 2D or transwell-based systems, suggesting there is a need for improved 3D models of CCM. To recreate liver 3D CCM, we engineered in vitro 3D models based upon a morphogenetic transition that occurs during liver organogenesis, which occurs rapidly between E8.5 and E9.5 (mouse). During this morphogenetic transition, 3D CCM exhibits co-migration (multiple cell types), thick-strand interactions with surrounding septum transversum mesenchyme (STM), branching morphogenesis, and 3D interstitial migration. Here, we engineer several 3D in vitro culture systems, each of which mimics one of these processes in vitro. In mixed spheroids bearing both liver cells and uniquely MRC-5 (fetal lung) fibroblasts, we observed evidence of co-migration, and a significant increase in length and number of liver spheroid protrusions, which was highly sensitive to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. In MRC-5-conditioned medium (M-CM) experiments, we observed dose-dependent branching morphogenesis associated with an upregulation of Twist1, which was inhibited by a broad TGFβ inhibitor. In models in which liver spheroids and MRC-5 spheroids were co-cultured, we observed complex strand morphogenesis, whereby thin, linear, 3D liver cell strands attach to the MRC-5 spheroid, anchor and thicken to form permanent and thick anchoring contacts between the two spheroids. In these spheroid co-culture models, we also observed spheroid fusion and strong evidence for interstitial migration. In conclusion, we present several novel cultivation systems that recreate distinct features of liver 3D CCM. These methodologies will greatly improve our molecular, cellular, and tissue-scale understanding of liver organogenesis, liver diseases like cancer, and liver cell therapy, and will also serve as a tool to bridge conventional 2D studies and preclinical in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogechi Ogoke
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Osama Yousef
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Cortney Ott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Allison Kalinousky
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Wayne Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Claire Shamul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Shatoni Ross
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Natesh Parashurama
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States.,Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
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10
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Habib S, Ariatti M, Singh M. Anti- c-myc RNAi-Based Onconanotherapeutics. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E612. [PMID: 33333729 PMCID: PMC7765184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the c-myc proto-oncogene features prominently in most human cancers. Early studies established that inhibiting the expression of oncogenic c-myc, produced potent anti-cancer effects. This gave rise to the notion that an appropriate c-myc silencing agent might provide a broadly applicable and more effective form of cancer treatment than is currently available. The endogenous mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi), through which small RNA molecules induce gene silencing by binding to complementary mRNA transcripts, represents an attractive avenue for c-myc inhibition. However, the development of a clinically viable, anti-c-myc RNAi-based platform is largely dependent upon the design of an appropriate carrier of the effector nucleic acids. To date, organic and inorganic nanoparticles were assessed both in vitro and in vivo, as carriers of small interfering RNA (siRNA), DICER-substrate siRNA (DsiRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression plasmids, directed against the c-myc oncogene. We review here the various anti-c-myc RNAi-based nanosystems that have come to the fore, especially between 2005 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag, Durban X54001, South Africa; (S.H.); (M.A.)
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11
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Zhong Y, Qi H, Li X, An M, Shi Q, Qi J. Tumor supernatant derived from hepatocellular carcinoma cells treated with vincristine sulfate have therapeutic activity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105557. [PMID: 32946955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vincristine sulfate (VCR), a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, kills cancer cells as well as the normal cells for its cytotoxicity. But it is still unclear whether it can exert therapeutic effect on untreated cancer cells by changing the supernatant of cancer cells. Here, we explored the subsequent cascade effects of the supernatant of cancer cells that were transiently treated with VCR on untreated tumor cells and its responsible mechanisms. VCR and three different hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines were used for an experiment. The experiment was conducted in vitro to eliminate the body's internal factors and the effects of the immune system. The results suggested that drug-free tumor supernatant (TSN) could promote the differentiation, repress the transcription of liver cancer stem cell's markers and the proliferation in SMMC-7721, Bel-7402 and Huh7 cells. Furthermore, we found that the TSN could abolish YAP1 transcriptional activity to inhibit the proliferation and increase the transcriptional activity of HNF4α to promote the differentiation in SMMC-7721 and Bel-7402 cells. In conclusion, the TSN could inhibit the proliferation and induce differentiation in different HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Huanli Qi
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Mengyang An
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Qingwen Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Jinsheng Qi
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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12
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Modulating the Crosstalk between the Tumor and Its Microenvironment Using RNA Interference: A Treatment Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155250. [PMID: 32722054 PMCID: PMC7432232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy with one of the highest mortality rates among solid cancers. It develops almost exclusively in the background of chronic liver inflammation, which can be caused by viral hepatitis, chronic alcohol consumption or an unhealthy diet. Chronic inflammation deregulates the innate and adaptive immune responses that contribute to the proliferation, survival and migration of tumor cells. The continuous communication between the tumor and its microenvironment components serves as the overriding force of the tumor against the body's defenses. The importance of this crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and immune cells in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis has been shown, and therapeutic strategies modulating this communication have improved the outcomes of patients with liver cancer. To target this communication, an RNA interference (RNAi)-based approach can be used, an innovative and promising strategy that can disrupt the crosstalk at the transcriptomic level. Moreover, RNAi offers the advantage of specificity in comparison to the treatments currently used for HCC in clinics. In this review, we will provide the recent data pertaining to the modulation of a tumor and its microenvironment by using RNAi and its potential for therapeutic intervention in HCC.
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Li Y, Kong CH, Feng L, Tang W, Chen M, Zheng Z. MYC Participates in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis via Promoting Cell Proliferation and Inhibiting Apoptosis. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:68-73. [PMID: 32779435 PMCID: PMC7481895 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of MYC proto-oncogene, BHLH Transcription Factor (MYC) gene, on sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, rat-derived H9C2 cardiomyocyte cells were cultured in vitro, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment with different concentration gradients. The cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) assay, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), cell transfection, Western blot and flow cytometry were used to observe the cellular apoptosis and proliferation of cells in both treated LPS groups and normal control group. RESULTS The result of CCK-8 assay showed that silencing MYC inhibited cellular proliferation of sepsis in absence or presence of LPS treatment. ELISA assay showed that the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were decreased in MYC silenced group, but they were increased after LPS treatment. Moreover, Flow cytometry assay showed that MYC silencing contributed to the apoptosis of sepsis cells. Furthermore, the expression of inflammatory factors showed that MYC silencing elevated the expression of inflammation factors. CONCLUSION MYC might take part in the process of LPS induced sepsis through suppressing apoptosis and inducing cell proliferation. Moreover, MYC might reduce inflammation during the progression of LPS induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Emergency Department of Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Yan'an Xi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - C Hengqi Kong
- Cardiovascular Department of Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Emergency Department of Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Yan'an Xi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenliang Tang
- Emergency Department of Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Yan'an Xi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengwei Chen
- Cardiovascular Department of Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic Address:
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Cardiovascular Department of Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic Address:
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Li B, Zhu F, He F, Huang Q, Liu X, Wu T, Zhao T, Qiu Y, Wu Z, Xue Y, Fang M. Synthesis and biological evaluations of N′-substituted methylene-4-(quinoline-4-amino) benzoylhydrazides as potential anti-hepatoma agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Min J, Hu J, Luo C, Zhu J, Zhao J, Zhu Z, Wu L, Yuan R. IFITM3 upregulates c-myc expression to promote hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation via the ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:523-529. [PMID: 31852866 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Min
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of General Surgery, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiefeng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhengming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linquan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rongfa Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Impaired mammary tumor formation and metastasis by the point mutation of a Smad3 linker phosphorylation site. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3664-3671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Hajiasgharzadeh K, Somi MH, Shanehbandi D, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baradaran B. Small interfering RNA-mediated gene suppression as a therapeutic intervention in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3263-3276. [PMID: 30362510 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the lethal and difficult-to-cure cancers worldwide. Owing to the late diagnosis and drug resistance of malignant hepatocytes, treatment of this cancer by conventional chemotherapy agents is challenging, and researchers are seeking new alternative treatment options to overcome therapy resistance in this neoplasm. RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent and specific approach in targeting gene expression and has emerged as a novel therapeutic tool for many diseases, including cancers. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a type of RNAi that is produced intracellularly from exogenous synthetic oligonucleotides and can selectively knock down target gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. Various factors play roles in the initiation and progression of HCC and provide multiple candidate targets for siRNA intervention. In addition, due to the liver's unique architecture and availability of some hepatic siRNA delivery methods, this organ has received much more attention as a target tissue for such oligonucleotide action. Recent advances in designing nanoparticle systems for the in vivo delivery of siRNAs have markedly enhanced the potency of siRNA-mediated gene silencing under clinical development for HCC therapy. The utility of siRNAs as anti-HCC agents is the subject of the current review. siRNA-based gene therapies could be one of the main feasible approaches for HCC therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Su Y, Pelz C, Huang T, Torkenczy K, Wang X, Cherry A, Daniel CJ, Liang J, Nan X, Dai MS, Adey A, Impey S, Sears RC. Post-translational modification localizes MYC to the nuclear pore basket to regulate a subset of target genes involved in cellular responses to environmental signals. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1398-1419. [PMID: 30366908 PMCID: PMC6217735 DOI: 10.1101/gad.314377.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Su et al. investigate how post-translational modifications of Myc that affect stability and oncogenic activity regulate its function. They show that Ser62 phosphorylation and PIN1-mediated isomerization of MYC dynamically regulate the spatial distribution of MYC in the nucleus, promoting its association with the inner basket of the nuclear pore in response to proliferative signals, where it recruits the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 to bind and regulate local gene acetylation and expression, thus providing new insights into how post-translational modification of MYC controls its spatial activity. The transcription factor MYC (also c-Myc) induces histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and the release of paused RNA polymerase to broadly regulate transcription. MYC is subject to a series of post-translational modifications that affect its stability and oncogenic activity, but how these control MYC's function on the genome is largely unknown. Recent work demonstrates an intimate connection between nuclear compartmentalization and gene regulation. Here, we report that Ser62 phosphorylation and PIN1-mediated isomerization of MYC dynamically regulate the spatial distribution of MYC in the nucleus, promoting its association with the inner basket of the nuclear pore in response to proliferative signals, where it recruits the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 to bind and regulate local gene acetylation and expression. We demonstrate that PIN1-mediated localization of MYC to the nuclear pore regulates MYC target genes responsive to mitogen stimulation that are involved in proliferation and migration pathways. These changes are also present at the chromatin level, with an increase in open regulatory elements in response to stimulation that is PIN1-dependent and associated with MYC chromatin binding. Taken together, our study indicates that post-translational modification of MYC controls its spatial activity to optimally regulate gene expression in response to extrinsic signals in normal and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Su
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Carl Pelz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA.,Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Kristof Torkenczy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Allison Cherry
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Colin J Daniel
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Juan Liang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Xiaolin Nan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Mu-Shui Dai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Andrew Adey
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Soren Impey
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon 97239, USA
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Mi L, Hu K, Wen X, Sun J, Wu A, Wang M, Zheng M, Zang L, Ji J. Upregulation of C/EBPα contributes to colorectal cancer growth, metastasis and indicates poor survival outcome. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1449-1465. [PMID: 30210916 PMCID: PMC6129490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The function and clinical implication of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) in colorectal cancer (CRC) still remains undefined. In fact, C/EBPα has long been considered as a tumor suppressor in hematopoietic system and also found lowly expressed in numerous solid tumors. However, our results here for the first time showed that C/EBPα was unexpectedly upregulated and was an independent prognostic marker for patients with CRC. We therefore aimed to explore the detailed role and mechanisms of C/EBPα in CRC. Our investigation demonstrated that C/EBPα promoted tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, suppression of C/EBPα inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G1 phase arrest and inducing apoptosis. Also, C/EBPα enhances CRC cells migration and invasion in vitro as well as metastasis in vivo through regulating EMT. Mechanistically, C/EBPα exerts its oncogenic role by targeting c-Myc/cyclin D1 mediated by β-catenin involved pathway and we provide evidence indicating that cytoplasmic exclusion of C/EBPα might contribute to its oncogenic function in tumor progression. In conclusion, C/EBPα acts as an oncogene in CRC and could be a potential biomarker of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing, China
| | - Kai Hu
- European Pancreas Centre/EPZ, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Xianzi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Aiwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Lu Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijing, China
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20
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Li S, Yang E, Shen L, Niu D, Breitzig M, Tan LC, Wu X, Huang M, Sun H, Wang F. The novel truncated isoform of human manganese superoxide dismutase has a differential role in promoting metastasis of lung cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1030-1040. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiguang Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Enze Yang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Lianghua Shen
- Institute of Genomic Medicine; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Dewei Niu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Mason Breitzig
- University of South Florida; 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 19 Tampa 33612 Florida
| | - Lee Charles Tan
- University of South Florida; 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC 19 Tampa 33612 Florida
| | - Xiaocong Wu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Meiyan Huang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- Institute of Genomic Medicine; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research; Jinan University; Guangzhou 510632 China
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YWHAE silencing induces cell proliferation, invasion and migration through the up-regulation of CDC25B and MYC in gastric cancer cells: new insights about YWHAE role in the tumor development and metastasis process. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85393-85410. [PMID: 27863420 PMCID: PMC5356744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously observed reduced YWHAE (14-3-3ε) protein expression in a small set of gastric cancer samples. YWHAE may act as a negative regulator of the cyclin CDC25B, which is a transcriptional target of MYC oncogene. The understanding of YWHAE role and its targets is important for the better knowledge of gastric carcinogenesis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the relationship among YWHAE, CDC25B, and MYC in vitro and in vivo. For this, we analyzed the YWHAE, CDC25B, and MYC expression in YWHA-silenced, CDC25B-silenced, and MYC-silenced gastric cancer cell lines, as well as in gastric cancer and non-neoplastic gastric samples. In gastric cancer cell lines, YWHAE was able to inhibit the cell proliferation, invasion and migration through the reduction of MYC and CDC25B expression. Conversely, MYC induced the cell proliferation, invasion and migration through the induction of CDC25B and the reduction of YWHAE. Most of the tumors presented reduced YWHAE and increased CDC25B expression, which seems to be important for tumor development. Increased MYC expression was a common finding in gastric cancer and has a role in poor prognosis. In the tumor initiation, the opposite role of YWHAE and CDC25B in gastric carcinogenesis seems to be independent of MYC expression. However, the inversely correlation between YWHAE and MYC expression seems to be important for gastric cancer cells invasion and migration. The interaction between YWHAE and MYC and the activation of the pathways related to this interaction play a role in the metastasis process.
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22
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Gao L, Wang KX, Zhou YZ, Fang JS, Qin XM, Du GH. Uncovering the anticancer mechanism of Compound Kushen Injection against HCC by integrating quantitative analysis, network analysis and experimental validation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:624. [PMID: 29330507 PMCID: PMC5766629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparation that has been clinically used in China to treat various types of solid tumours. Although several studies have revealed that CKI can inhibit the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, the active compounds, potential targets and pathways involved in these effects have not been systematically investigated. Here, we proposed a novel idea of “main active compound-based network pharmacology” to explore the anti-cancer mechanism of CKI. Our results showed that CKI significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of SMMC-7721 cells. Four main active compounds of CKI (matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine and N-methylcytisine) were confirmed by the integration of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) with cell proliferation assays. The potential targets and pathways involved in the anti-HCC effects of CKI were predicted by a network pharmacology approach, and some of the crucial proteins and pathways were further validated by western blotting and metabolomics approaches. Our results indicated that CKI exerted anti-HCC effects via the key targets MMP2, MYC, CASP3, and REG1A and the key pathways of glycometabolism and amino acid metabolism. These results provide insights into the mechanism of CKI by combining quantitative analysis of components, network pharmacology and experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yu-Zhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Jian-Song Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.,Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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Wang Y, Zhao X, Li G, Zheng J, Qiu W. Retracted
: MicroRNA‐184 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of human colon cancer SW480 and HCT116 cells by downregulating C‐MYC and BCL‐2. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1702-1715. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Bing Wang
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Pudong New Area People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Hui Zhao
- Department of NeurologyShanghai Pudong New Area People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Pudong New Area People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Jun‐Hua Zheng
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Pudong New Area People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of ProctologyShanghai Pudong New Area People's HospitalShanghaiChina
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A tumor suppressor role for C/EBPα in solid tumors: more than fat and blood. Oncogene 2017; 36:5221-5230. [PMID: 28504718 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) plays a critical role during embryogenesis and is thereafter required for homeostatic glucose metabolism, adipogenesis and myeloid development. Its ability to regulate the expression of lineage-specific genes and induce growth arrest contributes to the terminal differentiation of several cell types, including hepatocytes, adipocytes and granulocytes. CEBPA loss of-function mutations contribute to the development of ~10% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), stablishing a tumor suppressor role for C/EBPα. Deregulation of C/EBPα expression has also been reported in a variety of additional human neoplasias, including liver, breast and lung cancer. However, functional CEBPA mutations have not been found in solid tumors, suggesting that abrogation of C/EBPα function in non-hematopoietic tissues is regulated by alternative mechanisms. Here we review the function of C/EBPα in solid tumors and focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying its tumor suppressive role.
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25
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Cao Y, Lin M, Bu Y, Ling H, He Y, Huang C, Shen Y, Song B, Cao D. p53-inducible long non-coding RNA PICART1 mediates cancer cell proliferation and migration. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1671-1682. [PMID: 28339031 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) function in the development and progression of cancer, but only a small portion of lncRNAs have been characterized to date. A novel lncRNA transcript, 2.53 kb in length, was identified by transcriptome sequencing analysis, and was named p53-inducible cancer-associated RNA transcript 1 (PICART1). PICART1 was found to be upregulated by p53 through a p53-binding site at -1808 to -1783 bp. In breast and colorectal cancer cells and tissues, PICART1 expression was found to be decreased. Ectopic expression of PICART1 suppressed the growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and HCT116 cells whereas silencing of PICART1 stimulated cell growth and migration. In these cells, the expression of PICART1 suppressed levels of p-AKT (Thr308 and Ser473) and p-GSK3β (Ser9), and accordingly, β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression were decreased, while p21Waf/cip1 expression was increased. Together these data suggest that PICART1 is a novel p53-inducible tumor-suppressor lncRNA, functioning through the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Minglin Lin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Yiwen Bu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Hongyan Ling
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Yingchun He
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Chenfei Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Bob Song
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Deliang Cao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
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Varshosaz J, Farzan M. Nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutics and small interfering RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12022-12041. [PMID: 26576089 PMCID: PMC4641122 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5th most common malignancy which is responsible for more than half million annual mortalities; also, it is the third leading cause of cancer related death. Unfavorable systemic side-effects of chemotherapeutic agents and susceptibility to the degradation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which can knock down a specific gene involved in the disease, have hampered their clinical application. So, it could be beneficial to develop an efficient carrier for the stabilization and specific delivery of drugs and siRNA to cells. Targeted nanoparticles have gained considerable attention as an efficient drug and gene delivery system, which is due to their capability in achieving the highest accumulation of cytotoxic agents in tumor tissue, modifiable drug pharmacokinetic- and bio-distribution, improved effectiveness of treatment, and limited side-effects. Recent studies have shed more light on the advantages of novel drug loaded carrier systems vs free drugs. Most of the animal studies have reported improvement in treatment efficacy and survival rate using novel carrier systems. Targeted delivery may be achieved passively or actively. In passive targeting, no ligand as homing device is used, while targeting is achieved by incorporating the therapeutic agent into a macromolecule or nanoparticle that passively reaches the target organ. However, in active targeting, the therapeutic agent or carrier system is conjugated to a tissue or cell-specific receptor which is over-expressed in a special malignancy using a ligand called a homing device. This review covers a broad spectrum of targeted nanoparticles as therapeutic and non-viral siRNA delivery systems, which are developed for enhanced cellular uptake and targeted gene silencing in vitro and in vivo and their characteristics and opportunities for the clinical applications of drugs and therapeutic siRNA are discussed in this article. Asialoglycoprotein receptors, low-density lipoprotein, ganglioside GM1 cell surface ligand, epidermal growth factor receptor receptors, monoclonal antibodies, retinoic acid receptors, integrin receptors targeted by Arg-Gly-Asp peptide, folate, and transferrin receptors are the most widely studied cell surface receptors which are used for the site specific delivery of drugs and siRNA-based therapeutics in HCC and discussed in detail in this article.
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Doan CC, Doan NT, Nguyen QH, Nguyen MH, Do MS, Le VD. Downregulation of Kinesin spindle protein inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and increases chemosensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 19:1-16. [PMID: 25605484 PMCID: PMC4322227 DOI: 10.6091/ibj.1386.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) plays a critical role in mitosis. Inhibition of KSP function leads to cell cycle arrest at mitosis and ultimately to cell death. The aim of this study was to suppress KSP expression by specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA) in Hep3B cells and evaluate its anti-tumor activity. Methods: Three siRNA targeting KSP (KSP-siRNA #1-3) and one mismatched-siRNA (Cont-siRNA) were transfected into cells. Subsequently, KSP mRNA and protein levels, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were examined in both Hep3B cells and THLE-3 cells. In addition, the chemosensitivity of KSP-siRNA-treated Hep3B cells with doxorubicin was also investigated using cell proliferation and clonogenic survival assays. Results: The expression of endogenous KSP at both mRNA and protein levels in Hep3B cells was higher than in THLE-3 cells. In Hep3B cells, KSP-siRNA #2 showed a further downregulation of KSP as compared to KSP-siRNA #1 or KSP-siRNA #3. It also exhibited greater suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis than KSP-siRNA #1 or KSP-siRNA #3; this could be explained by the significant downregulation of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and survivin. In contrast, KSP-siRNAs had no or lower effects on KSP expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis in THLE-3 cells. We also noticed that KSP-siRNA transfection could increase chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in Hep3B cells, even at low doses compared to control. Conclusion: Reducing the expression level of KSP, combined with drug treatment, yields promising results for eradicating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro. This study opens a new direction for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinh Chung Doan
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Trung Doan
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang Huy Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Hoa Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh Si Do
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van Dong Le
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Dept. of Immunology, Vietnam Military Medical University,
160 Phung Hung Street, Ha Dong District, Ha Noi City, Vietnam
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Ramírez A, Boulaiz H, Morata-Tarifa C, Perán M, Jiménez G, Picon-Ruiz M, Agil A, Cruz-López O, Conejo-García A, Campos JM, Sánchez A, García MA, Marchal JA. HER2-signaling pathway, JNK and ERKs kinases, and cancer stem-like cells are targets of Bozepinib small compound. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3590-606. [PMID: 24946763 PMCID: PMC4116505 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel anticancer drugs presenting more than one molecular target and efficacy against cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) subpopulations represents a therapeutic need to combat the resistance and the high risk of relapse in patients. In the present work we show how Bozepinib [(RS)-2,6-dichloro-9-[1-(p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl]-9H-purine], a small anti-tumor compound, demonstrated selectivity on cancer cells and showed an inhibitory effect over kinases involved in carcinogenesis, proliferation and angiogenesis. The cytotoxic effects of Bozepinib were observed in both breast and colon cancer cells expressing different receptor patterns. Bozepinib inhibited HER-2 signaling pathway and JNK and ERKs kinases. In addition, Bozepinib has an inhibitory effect on AKT and VEGF together with anti-angiogenic and anti-migratory activities. Moreover, the modulation of pathways involved in tumorigenesis by Bozepinib was also evident in microarrays analysis. Interestingly, Bozepinib inhibited both mamo- and colono-spheres formation and eliminated ALDH+ CSCs subpopulations at a low micromolar range similar to Salinomycin. Bozepinib induced the down-regulation of c-MYC, β-CATENIN and SOX2 proteins and the up-regulation of the GLI-3 hedgehog-signaling repressor. Finally, Bozepinib shows in vivo anti-tumor and anti-metastatic efficacy in xenotransplanted nude mice without presenting sub-acute toxicity. These findings support further studies on the therapeutic potential of Bozepinib in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ramírez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - María A García
- Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Oncology, Virgen de las Nieves, University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Aravalli RN, Talbot NC, Steer CJ. Gene expression profiling of MYC-driven tumor signatures in porcine liver stem cells by transcriptome sequencing. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2011-2029. [PMID: 25717234 PMCID: PMC4326136 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i7.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify the genes induced and regulated by the MYC protein in generating tumors from liver stem cells.
METHODS: In this study, we have used an immortal porcine liver stem cell line, PICM-19, to study the role of c-MYC in hepatocarcinogenesis. PICM-19 cells were converted into cancer cells (PICM-19-CSCs) by overexpressing human MYC. To identify MYC-driven differential gene expression, transcriptome sequencing was carried out by RNA sequencing, and genes identified by this method were validated using real-time PCR. In vivo tumorigenicity studies were then conducted by injecting PICM-19-CSCs into the flanks of immunodeficient mice.
RESULTS: Our results showed that MYC-overexpressing PICM-19 stem cells formed tumors in immunodeficient mice demonstrating that a single oncogene was sufficient to convert them into cancer cells (PICM-19-CSCs). By using comparative bioinformatics analyses, we have determined that > 1000 genes were differentially expressed between PICM-19 and PICM-19-CSCs. Gene ontology analysis further showed that the MYC-induced, altered gene expression was primarily associated with various cellular processes, such as metabolism, cell adhesion, growth and proliferation, cell cycle, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Interestingly, six genes expressed by PICM-19 cells (CDO1, C22orf39, DKK2, ENPEP, GPX6, SRPX2) were completely silenced after MYC-induction in PICM-19-CSCs, suggesting that the absence of these genes may be critical for inducing tumorigenesis.
CONCLUSION: MYC-driven genes may serve as promising candidates for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutics that would not have deleterious effects on other cell types in the liver.
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Guo WQ, Li LZ, He ZY, Zhang Q, Liu J, Hu CY, Qin FJ, Wang TY. Anti-proliferative effects of Atractylis lancea (Thunb.) DC. via down-regulation of the c-myc/hTERT/telomerase pathway in Hep-G2 cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:6363-7. [PMID: 24377533 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylis lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL), an important medicinal herb in Asia, has been shown to have anti-tumor effects on cancer cells, but the involved mechanisms are poorly understood. This study focused on potential effects and molecular mechanisms of AL on the proliferation of the Hep-G2 liver cancer cell line in vitro. Cell viability was assessed by MTT test in Hep-G2 cells incubated with an ethanol extract of AL. Then, the effects of AL on apoptosis and cell cycle progression were determined by flow cytometry. Telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assays was performed to investigate telomerase activity. The mRNA and protein expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and c-myc were determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Our results show that AL effectively inhibits proliferation in Hep-G2 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. When Hep-G2 cells were treated with AL after 48h,the IC50 was about 72.1 μg/ mL. Apoptosis was induced by AL via arresting the cells in the G1 phase. Furthermore, AL effectively reduced telomerase activity through inhibition of mRNA and protein expression of hTERT and c-myc. Hence, these data demonstrate that AL exerts anti-proliferative effects in Hep-G2 cells via down-regulation of the c-myc/hTERT/ telomerase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Guo
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiang Su Province, China E-mail :
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Caputo E, Wang E, Valentino A, Crispi S, De Giorgi V, Fico A, Ficili B, Capone M, Anniciello A, Cavalcanti E, Botti G, Mozzillo N, Ascierto PA, Marincola FM, Travali S. Ran signaling in melanoma: implications for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Cancer Lett 2014; 357:286-296. [PMID: 25444926 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We performed a comparative study between two human metastatic melanoma cell lines (A375 and 526), and melanocytes (FOM78) by gene expression profiling and pathway analysis, using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Genes involved in Ran signaling were significantly over-represented (p ≤ 0.001) and up-regulated in melanoma cells. A melanoma-associated molecular pathway was identified, where Ran, Aurora Kinase A (AurkA) and TERT were up-regulated, while c-myc and PTEN were down-regulated. A consistent high Ran and AurkA gene expression was detected in about 48% and 53%, respectively, of 113 tissue samples from metastatic melanoma patients. AurkA down-regulation was observed in melanoma cells, by Ran knockdown, suggesting AurkA protein is a Ran downstream target. Furthermore, AurkA inhibition, by exposure of melanoma cells to MLN8054, a specific AurKA inhibitor, induced apoptosis in both melanoma cell lines and molecular alterations in the IPA-identified molecular pathway. These alterations differed between cell lines, with an up-regulation of c-myc protein level observed in 526 cells and a slight reduction seen in A375 cells. Moreover, Ran silencing did not affect the A375 invasive capability, while it was enhanced in 526 cells, suggesting that Ran knockdown, by AurkA down-regulation, resulted in a Ran-independent enhanced melanoma cell invasion. Finally, AurK A inhibition induced a PTEN up-regulation and its action was independent of B-RAF mutational status. These findings provide insights relevant for the development of novel therapeutic strategies as well as for a better understanding of mechanisms underlying therapy resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Caputo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics -I.G.B. A. Buzzati-Traverso- CNR, Naples I-80131, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania I-95124, Italy.
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine (DTM), Clinical Center (CC), Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States; Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anna Valentino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics -I.G.B. A. Buzzati-Traverso- CNR, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Stefania Crispi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics -I.G.B. A. Buzzati-Traverso- CNR, Naples I-80131, Italy; Institute of Biosciences and BioResources-IBB, CNR, Naples I-8013, Italy
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine (DTM), Clinical Center (CC), Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Annalisa Fico
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics -I.G.B. A. Buzzati-Traverso- CNR, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Bartolomea Ficili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania I-95124, Italy
| | - Mariaelena Capone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | | | | | - Gerardo Botti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Nicola Mozzillo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Paolo A Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine (DTM), Clinical Center (CC), Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States; Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salvatore Travali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania I-95124, Italy
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Ashour AA, Gurbuz N, Alpay SN, Abdel-Aziz AAH, Mansour AM, Huo L, Ozpolat B. Elongation factor-2 kinase regulates TG2/β1 integrin/Src/uPAR pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediating pancreatic cancer cells invasion. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2235-51. [PMID: 25215932 PMCID: PMC4224557 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the lethal cancers with extensive local tumour invasion, metastasis, early systemic dissemination and poorest prognosis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms regulating invasion/metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is the key for developing effective therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer (PaCa). Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF-2K) is an atypical kinase that we found to be highly up-regulated in PaCa cells. However, its role in PaCa invasion/progression remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of eEF-2K in cellular invasion, and we found that down-regulation of eEF-2K, by siRNA or rottlerin, displays impairment of PaCa cells invasion/migration, with significant decreases in the expression of tissue transglutaminase (TG2), the multifunctional enzyme implicated in regulation of cell attachment, motility and survival. These events were associated with reductions in β1 integrin/uPAR/MMP-2 expressions as well as decrease in Src activity. Furthermore, inhibition of eEF-2K/TG2 axis suppresses the EMT, as demonstrated by the modulation of the zinc finger transcription factors, ZEB1/Snail, and the tight junction proteins, claudins. Importantly, while eEF-2K silencing recapitulates the rottlerin-induced inhibition of invasion and correlated events, eEF-2K overexpression, by lentivirus-based expression system, suppresses such rottlerin effects and potentiates PaCa cells invasion/migration capability. Collectively, our results show, for the first time, that eEF-2K is involved in regulation of the invasive phenotype of PaCa cells through promoting a new signalling pathway, which is mediated by TG2/β1 integrin/Src/uPAR/MMP-2, and the induction of EMT biomarkers which enhance cancer cell motility and metastatic potential. Thus, eEF-2K could represent a novel potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Ashour
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Nilgun Gurbuz
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Sultan Neslihan Alpay
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Abdel-Aziz H Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar UniversityCairo, Egypt
| | - Longfei Huo
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX, USA
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Lu T, Yang W, Wang Z, Hu Z, Zeng X, Yang C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li F, Liu Z, Wang D, Ye Z. Knockdown of glucose-regulated protein 78/binding immunoglobulin heavy chain protein expression by asymmetric small interfering RNA induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells and attenuates migratory capability. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:249-56. [PMID: 25338653 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 [GRP78, also termed binding immunoglobulin heavy chain protein (Bip)] may be involved in cancer progression and metastasis. However, to date there has been minimal investigation into its potential role in human prostate cancer cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that asymmetric small interfering RNA (asiRNA)-mediated gene silencing is more effective and longer-lasting than conventional symmetric siRNA. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of GRP78-specific asiRNA on human prostate cancer cells. A series of asiRNAs was synthesized and their efficiency in silencing GRP78 expression in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells was evaluated. The effects of knockdown using asiRNAs were compared to those of knockdown using symmetric siRNAs. The effect of GRP78 silencing on PC-3 cell apoptosis and migration, and the possible mechanisms governing these biological processes were examined. Compared with the symmetric siRNA, transfection with the 15 base pair asiRNA (asiGRP78-3) resulted in greater downregulation of GRP78 expression. GRP78 depletion in PC-3 cells resulted in increased apoptosis and decreased migration of these cells. Experiments investigating the underlying mechanisms of these effects revealed that knockdown of GRP78 attenuated protein kinase B activation and decreased the expression of pro-caspase 9, pro-caspase 3 and vimentin. In conclusion, knockdown of GRP78/Bip expression with asymmetric siRNA led to increased prostate cancer cell apoptosis and reduced cellular migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhiquan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dongbiao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Koga C, Kobayashi S, Nagano H, Tomimaru Y, Hama N, Wada H, Kawamoto K, Eguchi H, Konno M, Ishii H, Umeshita K, Doki Y, Mori M. Reprogramming using microRNA-302 improves drug sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 Suppl 4:S591-600. [PMID: 24740829 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have shown that Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OKSM)-mediated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology sensitizes cancer cells to drugs, the potential risk of inserting c-Myc and random insertions of exogenous sequences into the genome persists. Several authors, including us, have presented microRNA (miRNA)-mediated reprogramming as an alternative approach. Herein, we evaluated the efficacy of miRNA-mediated reprogramming on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS Among three miRNAs (miR-200c, miR-302s, and miR-369s) that were previously presented for miRNA-mediated reprogramming, miR-302 was expressed at low levels in HCC cells. After transfecting three times with miR-302, the cells were incubated in ES medium for 3 weeks and then characterized. RESULTS iPSC-like spheres were obtained after the 3-week incubation. Spheres presented high NANOG and OCT4 expression, low proliferation, high apoptosis, low epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker expression (N-cadherin, TGFBR2), and sensitization to drugs. Several miRNAs were changed (e.g., low oncomiR miR-21, high miR-29b). cMyc was decreased, and methylation was elevated on histone 3 at lysine 4 (H3K4). Differentiated cells expressed markers of each germ layer (GFAP, FABP4, and ALB). AOF2 (also known as LSD1 or KDM1), one of the targets for miR-302, was repressed in iPSC-like-spheres. Silencing of AOF2 resulted in similar features of iPSC-like-spheres, including cMyc down-regulation and H3K4 methylation. In drug-resistant cells, sensitization was achieved through miR-302-mediated reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS miR-302-mediated iPSC technology reprogrammed HCC cells and improved drug sensitivity through AOF2 down-regulation, which caused H3K4 methylation and c-Myc repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikato Koga
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Li X, Bian Y, Takizawa Y, Hashimoto T, Ikoma T, Tanaka J, Kitamura N, Inagaki Y, Komada M, Tanaka T. ERK-Dependent Downregulation of Skp2 Reduces Myc Activity with HGF, Leading to Inhibition of Cell Proliferation through a Decrease in Id1 Expression. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:1437-47. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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TIAN YUAN, HUANG CHANGJUN, ZHANG HAI, NI QINGFENG, HAN SHENG, WANG DONG, HAN ZEGUANG, LI XIANGCHENG. CDCA7L promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating the cell cycle. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:2082-90. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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