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Basco LK. Cultivation of Asexual Intraerythrocytic Stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Pathogens 2023; 12:900. [PMID: 37513747 PMCID: PMC10384318 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Successfully developed in 1976, the continuous in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum has many applications in the field of malaria research. It has become an important experimental model that directly uses a human pathogen responsible for a high prevalence of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world and is a major source of biological material for immunological, biochemical, molecular, and pharmacological studies. Until present, the basic techniques described by Trager and Jensen and Haynes et al. remain unchanged in many malaria research laboratories. Nonetheless, different factors, including culture media, buffers, serum substitutes and supplements, sources of erythrocytes, and conditions of incubation (especially oxygen concentration), have been modified by different investigators to adapt the original technique in their laboratories or enhance the in vitro growth of the parasites. The possible effects and benefits of these modifications for the continuous cultivation of asexual intraerythrocytic stages of P. falciparum, as well as future challenges in developing a serum-free cultivation system and axenic cultures, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo K Basco
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Santé des Armées (SSA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), 13005 Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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2
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Nkhoma SC, Ahmed AOA, Porier D, Rashid S, Bradford R, Molestina RE, Stedman TT. Dynamics of parasite growth in genetically diverse Plasmodium falciparum isolates. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 254:111552. [PMID: 36731750 PMCID: PMC10149587 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple parasite lineages with different proliferation rates or fitness may coexist within a clinical malaria isolate, resulting in complex growth interactions and variations in phenotype. To elucidate the dynamics of parasite growth in multiclonal isolates, we measured growth rates (GRs) of three Plasmodium falciparum Cambodian isolates, including IPC_3445 (MRA-1236), IPC_5202 (MRA-1240), IPC_6403 (MRA-1285), and parasite lineages previously cloned from each of these isolates by limiting dilution. Following synchronization, in vitro cultures of each parasite line were maintained over four consecutive asexual cycles (192 h), with thin smears prepared at each 48-h cycle to estimate GR and fold change in parasitemia (FCP). Cell cycle time (CCT), the duration it takes for ring-stage parasites to develop into mature schizonts, was measured by monitoring the development of 0-3-h post-invasion rings for up to 52 h post-incubation. Laboratory lines 3D7 (MRA-102) and Dd2 (MRA-150) were used as controls. Significant differences in GR, FCP, and CCT were observed between parasite isolates and clonal lineages from each isolate. The parasite lines studied here have well-defined growth phenotypes and will facilitate basic malaria research and development of novel malaria interventions. These lines are available to malaria researchers through the MR4 collection of NIAID's BEI Resources Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Standwell C Nkhoma
- BEI Resources, American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, VA 20110-2209, USA.
| | - Amel O A Ahmed
- BEI Resources, American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, VA 20110-2209, USA
| | - Danielle Porier
- BEI Resources, American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, VA 20110-2209, USA
| | - Sujatha Rashid
- BEI Resources, American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, VA 20110-2209, USA
| | - Rebecca Bradford
- BEI Resources, American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, VA 20110-2209, USA
| | - Robert E Molestina
- BEI Resources, American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, VA 20110-2209, USA
| | - Timothy T Stedman
- BEI Resources, American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, VA 20110-2209, USA
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Duffy S, Avery VM. Naturally Acquired Kelch13 Mutations in Plasmodium falciparum Strains Modulate In Vitro Ring-Stage Artemisinin-Based Drug Tolerance and Parasite Survival in Response to Hyperoxia. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0128221. [PMID: 36094220 PMCID: PMC9602862 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01282-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ring-stage survival assay was utilized to assess the impact of physiological hyperoxic stress on dihydroartemisinin (DHA) tolerance for a panel of Plasmodium falciparum strains with and without Kelch13 mutations. Strains without naturally acquired Kelch13 mutations or the postulated genetic background associated with delayed parasite clearance time demonstrated reduced proliferation under hyperoxic conditions in the subsequent proliferation cycle. Dihydroartemisinin tolerance in three isolates with naturally acquired Kelch13 mutations but not two genetically manipulated laboratory strains was modulated by in vitro hyperoxic stress exposure of early-ring-stage parasites in the cycle before drug exposure. Reduced parasite tolerance to additional derivatives, including artemisinin, artesunate, and OZ277, was observed within the second proliferation cycle. OZ439 and epoxomicin completely prevented parasite survival under both hyperoxia and normoxic in vitro culture conditions, highlighting the unique relationship between DHA tolerance and Kelch13 mutation-associated genetic background. IMPORTANCE Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for treating malaria is under intense scrutiny following treatment failures in the Greater Mekong subregion of Asia. This is further compounded by the potential for extensive loss of life if treatment failures extend to the African continent. Although Plasmodium falciparum has become resistant to all antimalarial drugs, artemisinin "resistance" does not present in the same way as resistance to other antimalarial drugs. Instead, a partial resistance or tolerance is demonstrated, associated with the parasite's genetic profile and linked to a molecular marker referred to as K13. It is suggested that parasites may have adapted to drug treatment, as well as the presence of underlying population health issues such as hemoglobinopathies, and/or environmental pressures, resulting in parasite tolerance to ACT. Understanding parasite evolution and control of artemisinin tolerance will provide innovative approaches to mitigate the development of artemisinin tolerance and thereby artemisinin-based drug treatment failure and loss of life globally to malaria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vicky M. Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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Dumetz F, Enright AJ, Zhao J, Kwok CK, Merrick CJ. The in vivo RNA structurome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan with an A/U-rich transcriptome. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270863. [PMID: 36048819 PMCID: PMC9436142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite and causative agent of human malaria, has one of the most A/T-biased genomes sequenced to date. This may give the genome and the transcriptome unusual structural features. Recent progress in sequencing techniques has made it possible to study the secondary structures of RNA molecules at the transcriptomic level. Thus, in this study we produced the in vivo RNA structurome of a protozoan parasite with a highly A/U-biased transcriptome. We showed that it is possible to probe the secondary structures of P. falciparum RNA molecules in vivo using two different chemical probes, and obtained structures for more than half of all transcripts in the transcriptome. These showed greater stability (lower free energy) than the same structures modelled in silico, and structural features appeared to influence translation efficiency and RNA decay. Finally, we compared the P. falciparum RNA structurome with the predicted RNA structurome of an A/U-balanced species, P. knowlesi, finding a bias towards lower overall transcript stability and more hairpins and multi-stem loops in P. falciparum. This unusual protozoan RNA structurome will provide a basis for similar studies in other protozoans and also in other unusual genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Dumetz
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anton J. Enright
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jieyu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Kit Kwok
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Crispim M, Verdaguer IB, Silva SF, Katzin AM. Suitability of methods for Plasmodium falciparum cultivation in atmospheric air. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210331. [PMID: 35857970 PMCID: PMC9296140 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most controversial factors about malaria parasite culture is the
gaseous composition used. The most commonly used one consists of a mixture
poor in O2 and rich in CO2. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to share standard methods from our research group
simplifying Plasmodium falciparum cultures by employing
atmospheric air (ATM) and reusable glass bottles under agitation. METHODS Here, it was compared the parasite viability, free oxygen in media, and drug
sensitivity between different strains and isolates maintained for long
periods under ATM or classic conditions. FINDINGS The oxygen concentration in media under ATM was slightly superior to that
observed in human blood and the media under the classic gaseous mixture.
However, ATM or the use of glass bottles did not affect parasitic
proliferation after several years of culture. Noticeably, the introduction
of ATM altered reversibly the efficacy of several antimalarials. This
influence was different between the strains and isolate. CONCLUSIONS ATM conditions and shaken flasks could be used as a standard method
condition for culture manutention since they do not differ greatly from
classical 5% O2 gas mixtures in terms of parasite proliferation
and do not impose non-reversible changes to P. falciparum
physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Crispim
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ignasi Bofill Verdaguer
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sofia Ferreira Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Alejandro Miguel Katzin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Lopez-Perez M, Seidu Z. Establishing and Maintaining In Vitro Cultures of Asexual Blood Stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2470:37-49. [PMID: 35881337 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In vitro culture of asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum is essential to study the parasite biology, and several aspects need to be addressed to successfully cultivate the parasites, including the requirements for red blood cells and specific nutrients. Since Trager and Jensen established the technique in 1976, some modifications have been introduced to improve the growth rate and yield. In brief, the method is based on the use of human red blood cells suspended in RPMI-1640 culture medium supplemented with a source of lipids and maintained at 37 °C in a low-oxygen atmosphere. In this protocol, a description of thawing, culturing, and cryopreservation of asexual blood stages of P. falciparum is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lopez-Perez
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Zakaria Seidu
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Aghaei M, Aghaei S, Sokhanvari F, Ansari N, Hosseini SM, Mohaghegh MA, Hejazi SH. The therapeutic effect of ozonated olive oil plus glucantime on human cutaneous leishmaniasis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:25-30. [PMID: 30944704 PMCID: PMC6437465 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.29232.7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leishmaniasis is one of the main health problems in developing countries, caused by intracellular protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus. Although research has been successful in discovering vaccines and anti-parasitic drugs like antimony compounds, their side effects like high toxicity, prolonged regeneration, etc., have raised the replacement importance of natural products with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. It can be said that an appropriate alternative to this is the ozonated olive oil. Ozone by introducing O2 in involved tissues and bloodstream could degrade parasite amastigotes and lead to cleared leishmaniasis infections. So, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ozonated olive oil in Iranian leishmaniasis patients compared to glucantime, a choice drug for the treatment of Leishmaniasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients with confirmed leishmaniasis lesions were included and divided into two groups, 15 cases as control and 15 cases as test with lesions of 30-50 mm2 in diameter. The control group received glucantime intralesionally and the test group ozonated olive oil plus glucantime, 2 times daily. RESULTS The mean of lesion size was (50.94±33.20) before and (15±14.34) after treatment in control (P<0.00) and (50.88±31.74) before and (9.93±14.18) after treatment in the test group (P<0.00). Moreover, the mean course of therapy was 10.4(±1.84) weeks and 8.93(±2.15) weeks in control and test groups, respectively (P=0.636). Significant differences were reported in lesion size after treatment between the two groups (P<0.00). CONCLUSION Data suggested ozonated olive oil can have synergistic effects with glucantime in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Aghaei
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Aghaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies,Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sokhanvari
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazli Ansari
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Mohaghegh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Duffy S, Avery VM. Plasmodium falciparum In Vitro Culture - The Highs and Lows. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:812-813. [PMID: 30126703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
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9
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Duffy S, Avery VM. Routine In Vitro Culture of Plasmodium falciparum: Experimental Consequences? Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:564-575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Duffy S, Avery VM. Plasmodium falciparum in vitro continuous culture conditions: A comparison of parasite susceptibility and tolerance to anti-malarial drugs throughout the asexual intra-erythrocytic life cycle. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2017; 7:295-302. [PMID: 28738214 PMCID: PMC5522918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The continuous culture of Plasmodium falciparum is often seen as a means to an end, that end being to probe the biology of the parasite in question, and ultimately for many in the malaria drug discovery arena, to identify means of killing the parasite in order to treat malaria. In vitro continuous culture of Plasmodium falciparum is a fundamental requirement when undertaking malaria research where the primary objectives utilise viable parasites of a desired lifecycle stage. This investigation, and resulting data, compared the impact culturing Plasmodium falciparum long term (4 months) in different environmental conditions had on experimental outcomes and thus conclusions. The example presented here focused specifically on the effect culture conditions had on the in vitro tolerance of Plasmodium falciparum to standard anti-malarial drugs, including artemisinin and lumefantrine. Historical data from an independent experiment for 3D7-ALB (5% O2) was also compared with that obtained from this study. We concluded that parasites cultured for several months in media supplemented with a serum substitute such as Albumax II® or within hyperoxic conditions (21% O2), demonstrate highly variable responses to artemisinin and lumefantrine but not all anti-malarial drugs, when compared to those cultured in human serum in combination with Albumax II® under normoxic conditions (5% O2) for the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Duffy
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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Siqueira-Batista R, Gomes AP, Mendonça EGD, Vitorino RR, Azevedo SFMD, Freitas RDB, Santana LA, Oliveira MGDA. Plasmodium falciparum malaria: proteomic studies. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2015; 24:394-400. [PMID: 23917939 PMCID: PMC4031808 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-507x2012000400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment and campaigns for prevention and control of malaria on
the various continents where it is still rampant, this disease remains significantly
relevant to the contemporary world. Plasmodium falciparum is the
organism that is mainly responsible for severe malaria, which is characterized by
disturbances in different organs and systems, with possibly fatal outcomes. Although
incipient, proteomic studies of malaria have yielded favorable prospects for
elucidating the biological aspects of Plasmodium as well as the
pathophysiological, diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic mechanisms of the
disease. Thus, the aim of the present article is to present a brief review of the
applications of proteomic analysis in P. falciparum malaria.
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12
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Shui W, Xiong Y, Xiao W, Qi X, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Ma Y. Understanding the Mechanism of Thermotolerance Distinct From Heat Shock Response Through Proteomic Analysis of Industrial Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1885-97. [PMID: 25926660 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.045781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been intensively studied in responses to different environmental stresses such as heat shock through global omic analysis. However, the S. cerevisiae industrial strains with superior thermotolerance have not been explored in any proteomic studies for elucidating the tolerance mechanism. Recently a new diploid strain was obtained through evolutionary engineering of a parental industrial strain, and it exhibited even higher resistance to prolonged thermal stress. Herein, we performed iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis on both the parental and evolved industrial strains to further understand the mechanism of thermotolerant adaptation. Out of ∼ 2600 quantifiable proteins from biological quadruplicates, 193 and 204 proteins were differentially regulated in the parental and evolved strains respectively during heat-stressed growth. The proteomic response of the industrial strains cultivated under prolonged thermal stress turned out to be substantially different from that of the laboratory strain exposed to sudden heat shock. Further analysis of transcription factors underlying the proteomic perturbation also indicated the distinct regulatory mechanism of thermotolerance. Finally, a cochaperone Mdj1 and a metabolic enzyme Adh1 were selected to investigate their roles in mediating heat-stressed growth and ethanol production of yeasts. Our proteomic characterization of the industrial strain led to comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of thermotolerance, which would facilitate future improvement in the industrially important trait of S. cerevisiae by rational engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Shui
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China;
| | - Yun Xiong
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Weidi Xiao
- §College of Life Sciences and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xianni Qi
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- §College of Life Sciences and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuping Lin
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhidan Zhang
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China;
| | - Yanhe Ma
- From the ‡Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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Westermaier Y, Barril X, Scapozza L. Virtual screening: an in silico tool for interlacing the chemical universe with the proteome. Methods 2014; 71:44-57. [PMID: 25193260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In silico screening both in the forward (traditional virtual screening) and reverse sense (inverse virtual screening (IVS)) are helpful techniques for interlacing the chemical universe of small molecules with the proteome. The former, which is using a protein structure and a large chemical database, is well-known by the scientific community. We have chosen here to provide an overview on the latter, focusing on validation and target prioritization strategies. By comparing it to complementary or alternative wet-lab approaches, we put IVS in the broader context of chemical genomics, target discovery and drug design. By giving examples from the literature and an own example on how to validate the approach, we provide guidance on the issues related to IVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Westermaier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Computational Biology & Drug Design Group, Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Barril
- Computational Biology & Drug Design Group, Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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14
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Bakshi RP, Nenortas E, Tripathi AK, Sullivan DJ, Shapiro TA. Model system to define pharmacokinetic requirements for antimalarial drug efficacy. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:205ra135. [PMID: 24089407 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Malaria presents a tremendous public health burden, and new therapies are needed. Massive compound libraries screened against Plasmodium falciparum have yielded thousands of lead compounds, resulting in an acute need for rational criteria to select the best candidates for development. We reasoned that, akin to antibacterials, antimalarials might have an essential pharmacokinetic requirement for efficacy: action governed either by total exposure or peak concentration (AUC/CMAX), or by duration above a defined minimum concentration [time above minimum inhibitory concentration (TMIC)]. We devised an in vitro system for P. falciparum, capable of mimicking the dynamic fluctuations of a drug in vivo. Using this apparatus, we find that chloroquine is TMIC-dependent, whereas the efficacy of artemisinin is driven by CMAX. The latter was confirmed in a mouse model of malaria. These characteristics can explain the clinical success of two antimalarial drugs with widely different kinetics in humans. Chloroquine, which persists for weeks, is ideally suited for its TMIC mechanism, whereas great efficacy despite short exposure (t1/2 in blood 3 hours or less) is attained by CMAX-driven artemisinins. This validated preclinical model system can be used to select those antimalarial lead compounds whose CMAX or TMIC requirement for efficacy matches pharmacokinetics obtained in vivo. The apparatus can also be used to explore the kinetic dependence of other pharmacodynamic endpoints in parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul P Bakshi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Fraisier C, Koraka P, Belghazi M, Bakli M, Granjeaud S, Pophillat M, Lim SM, Osterhaus A, Martina B, Camoin L, Almeras L. Kinetic analysis of mouse brain proteome alterations following Chikungunya virus infection before and after appearance of clinical symptoms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91397. [PMID: 24618821 PMCID: PMC3949995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection have been characterized by an increasing number of severe cases with atypical manifestations including neurological complications. In parallel, the risk map of CHIKV outbreaks has expanded because of improved vector competence. These features make CHIKV infection a major public health concern that requires a better understanding of the underlying physiopathological processes for the development of antiviral strategies to protect individuals from severe disease. To decipher the mechanisms of CHIKV infection in the nervous system, a kinetic analysis on the host proteome modifications in the brain of CHIKV-infected mice sampled before and after the onset of clinical symptoms was performed. The combination of 2D-DIGE and iTRAQ proteomic approaches, followed by mass spectrometry protein identification revealed 177 significantly differentially expressed proteins. This kinetic analysis revealed a dramatic down-regulation of proteins before the appearance of the clinical symptoms followed by the increased expression of most of these proteins in the acute symptomatic phase. Bioinformatic analyses of the protein datasets enabled the identification of the major biological processes that were altered during the time course of CHIKV infection, such as integrin signaling and cytoskeleton dynamics, endosome machinery and receptor recycling related to virus transport and synapse function, regulation of gene expression, and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. These results reveal the putative mechanisms associated with severe CHIKV infection-mediated neurological disease and highlight the potential markers or targets that can be used to develop diagnostic and/or antiviral tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Fraisier
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Penelope Koraka
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maya Belghazi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M UMR 7286, Marseille, France
| | - Mahfoud Bakli
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Granjeaud
- CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Pophillat
- CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Stephanie M. Lim
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Byron Martina
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Camoin
- CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France
- Unité de recherche en biologie et épidémiologie parasitaires (URBEP), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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16
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Fraisier C, Rodrigues R, Vu Hai V, Belghazi M, Bourdon S, Paranhos-Baccala G, Camoin L, Almeras L, Peyrefitte CN. Hepatocyte pathway alterations in response to in vitro Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection. Virus Res 2014; 179:187-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Ng S, March S, Galstian A, Hanson K, Carvalho T, Mota MM, Bhatia SN. Hypoxia promotes liver-stage malaria infection in primary human hepatocytes in vitro. Dis Model Mech 2013; 7:215-24. [PMID: 24291761 PMCID: PMC3917242 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.013490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of mammalian cell function strictly depends on balancing oxygen exposure to maintain energy metabolism without producing excessive reactive oxygen species. In vivo, cells in different tissues are exposed to a wide range of oxygen concentrations, and yet in vitro models almost exclusively expose cultured cells to higher, atmospheric oxygen levels. Existing models of liver-stage malaria that utilize primary human hepatocytes typically exhibit low in vitro infection efficiencies, possibly due to missing microenvironmental support signals. One cue that could influence the infection capacity of cultured human hepatocytes is the dissolved oxygen concentration. We developed a microscale human liver platform comprised of precisely patterned primary human hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells to model liver-stage malaria, but the oxygen concentrations are typically higher in the in vitro liver platform than anywhere along the hepatic sinusoid. Indeed, we observed that liver-stage Plasmodium parasite development in vivo correlates with hepatic sinusoidal oxygen gradients. Therefore, we hypothesized that in vitro liver-stage malaria infection efficiencies might improve under hypoxia. Using the infection of micropatterned co-cultures with Plasmodium berghei, Plasmodium yoelii or Plasmodium falciparum as a model, we observed that ambient hypoxia resulted in increased survival of exo-erythrocytic forms (EEFs) in hepatocytes and improved parasite development in a subset of surviving EEFs, based on EEF size. Further, the effective cell surface oxygen tensions (pO2) experienced by the hepatocytes, as predicted by a mathematical model, were systematically perturbed by varying culture parameters such as hepatocyte density and height of the medium, uncovering an optimal cell surface pO2 to maximize the number of mature EEFs. Initial mechanistic experiments revealed that treatment of primary human hepatocytes with the hypoxia mimetic, cobalt(II) chloride, as well as a HIF-1α activator, dimethyloxalylglycine, also enhance P. berghei infection, suggesting that the effect of hypoxia on infection is mediated in part by host-dependent HIF-1α mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Ng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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18
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Malaria proteomics: insights into the parasite-host interactions in the pathogenic space. J Proteomics 2013; 97:107-25. [PMID: 24140976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics is improving malaria research by providing global information on relevant protein sets from the parasite and the host in connection with its cellular structures and specific functions. In the last decade, reports have described biologically significant elements in the proteome of Plasmodium, which are selectively targeted and quantified, allowing for sensitive and high-throughput comparisons. The identification of molecules by which the parasite and the host react during the malaria infection is crucial to the understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Hence, proteomics is playing a major role by defining the elements within the pathogenic space between both organisms that change across the parasite life cycle in association with the host transformation and response. Proteomics has identified post-translational modifications in the parasite and the host that are discussed in terms of functional interactions in malaria parasitism. Furthermore, the contribution of proteomics to the investigation of immunogens for potential vaccine candidates is summarized. The malaria-specific technological advances in proteomics are particularly suited now for identifying host-parasite interactions that could lead to promising targets for therapy, diagnosis or prevention. In this review, we examine the knowledge gained on the biology, pathogenesis, immunity and diagnosis of Plasmodium infection from recent proteomic studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics.
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Vu Hai V, Pages F, Boulanger N, Audebert S, Parola P, Almeras L. Immunoproteomic identification of antigenic salivary biomarkers detected by Ixodes ricinus-exposed rabbit sera. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2013; 4:459-68. [PMID: 23890749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ixodes ricinus, the primary vector of tick-borne disease in Europe, is currently expanding its distribution area and its activity in many countries. Antibody responses to tick salivary antigens have been proposed as an alternative marker of exposure to tick bites. However, the identification of the I. ricinus corresponding antigens remains elusive. Using rabbits artificially exposed to I. ricinus and 2 other European tick species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor reticulatus) as controls, a cross-comparison of IgG profiles was performed against protein salivary gland extracts (pSGE) from these 3 tick species using immunoblots. Immunoblot analysis highlighted a singularity in the immune patterns according to tick species exposure and pSGE antigen source. Two protein bands were detected against I. ricinus pSGE only in rabbits exposed to I. ricinus bites. An immunoproteomic approach based on a fluorescence detection method was developed to unambiguously identify corresponding antigenic spots on 2-D gels. Among the unique I. ricinus salivary antigenic proteins detected by sera from rabbits exposed to this tick species, I. ricinus calreticulin was identified. Although tick calreticulin was previously proposed as a potential antigenic marker following exposure to ticks (particularly in North American tick species), the present study suggested that Ixodes calreticulin does not appear to be cross-recognized by the 2 other tick genera tested. Additional experiments are needed to confirm the use of I. ricinus calreticulin salivary protein as a potential discriminant antigenic biomarker to Ixodes tick exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Vu Hai
- Aix Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
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Altered protein networks and cellular pathways in severe west nile disease in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68318. [PMID: 23874584 PMCID: PMC3707916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The recent West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks in developed countries, including Europe and the United States, have been associated with significantly higher neuropathology incidence and mortality rate than previously documented. The changing epidemiology, the constant risk of (re-)emergence of more virulent WNV strains, and the lack of effective human antiviral therapy or vaccines makes understanding the pathogenesis of severe disease a priority. Thus, to gain insight into the pathophysiological processes in severe WNV infection, a kinetic analysis of protein expression profiles in the brain of WNV-infected mice was conducted using samples prior to and after the onset of clinical symptoms. Methodology/Principal Findings To this end, 2D-DIGE and gel-free iTRAQ labeling approaches were combined, followed by protein identification by mass spectrometry. Using these quantitative proteomic approaches, a set of 148 proteins with modified abundance was identified. The bioinformatics analysis (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) of each protein dataset originating from the different time-point comparisons revealed that four major functions were altered during the course of WNV-infection in mouse brain tissue: i) modification of cytoskeleton maintenance associated with virus circulation; ii) deregulation of the protein ubiquitination pathway; iii) modulation of the inflammatory response; and iv) alteration of neurological development and neuronal cell death. The differential regulation of selected host protein candidates as being representative of these biological processes were validated by western blotting using an original fluorescence-based method. Conclusion/Significance This study provides novel insights into the in vivo kinetic host reactions against WNV infection and the pathophysiologic processes involved, according to clinical symptoms. This work offers useful clues for anti-viral research and further evaluation of early biomarkers for the diagnosis and prevention of severe neurological disease caused by WNV.
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Vu Hai V, Almeras L, Audebert S, Pophillat M, Boulanger N, Parola P, Raoult D, Pages F. Identification of salivary antigenic markers discriminating host exposition between two European ticks: Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor reticulatus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 36:39-53. [PMID: 23040662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To succeed blood meal, ticks inject salivary proteins to mammalian hosts, eliciting an antibody response against these foreign antigens. Although this immune response has been proposed as a surrogate marker of exposure to tick bites, identification of the corresponding antigens remains elusive. For this aim, a comparison by immunoblots of the kinetic IgG responses to protein salivary gland extracts from two European tick species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus or Dermacentor reticulatus, in rabbits was performed. A singularity in the immune patterns was observed according to rabbit exposure status and depending on the antigen source. Six and five bands were found specifically associated to R. sanguineus and to D. reticulatus exposures, respectively. The identity of these salivary antigenic proteins was determined using an original immunoproteomic approach. The utilization of these tick salivary proteins as biomarker candidates to discriminate R. sanguineus and/or D. reticulatus tick exposure or to develop anti-tick vaccines is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Vu Hai
- Unité des Rickettsies, WHO Collaborative Center for Rickettsial and Other Arthropod-Borne Bacterial Diseases, Unité de Recherche des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergente, UMR CNRS IRD, IFR, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Marseille, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.
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Torrentino-Madamet M, Almeras L, Travaillé C, Sinou V, Pophillat M, Belghazi M, Fourquet P, Jammes Y, Parzy D. Proteomic analysis revealed alterations of the Plasmodium falciparum metabolism following salicylhydroxamic acid exposure. Res Rep Trop Med 2011; 2:109-119. [PMID: 30881184 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although human respiratory metabolism is characterized by the mitochondrial electron transport chain, some organisms present a "branched respiratory chain." This branched pathway includes both a classical and an alternative respiratory chain. The latter involves an alternative oxidase. Though the Plasmodium falciparum alternative oxidase is not yet identified, a specific inhibitor of this enzyme, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), showed a drug effect on P. falciparum respiratory function using oxygen consumption measurements. The present study aimed to highlight the metabolic pathways that are affected in P. falciparum following SHAM exposure. DESIGN A proteomic approach was used to analyze the P. falciparum proteome and determine the metabolic pathways altered following SHAM treatment. To evaluate the SHAM effect on parasite growth, the phenotypic alterations of P. falciparum after SHAM or/and hyperoxia exposure were observed. RESULTS After SHAM exposure, 26 proteins were significantly deregulated using a fluorescent two dimensional-differential gel electrophoresis. Among these deregulated proteins, some were particularly involved in energetic metabolism. And the combinatory effect of SHAM/hyperoxia seems deleterious for the growth of P. falciparum. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that SHAM appears to activate glycolysis and decrease stress defense systems. These data provide a better understanding of parasite biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie et Epidémiologie Parasitaires, Antenne IRBA de Marseille (IMTSSA, Le Pharo)
| | - Christelle Travaillé
- UMR-MD3, Université de la Méditerranée, Antenne IRBA de Marseille (IMTSSA, Le Pharo),
| | - Véronique Sinou
- UMR-MD3, Université de la Méditerranée, Antenne IRBA de Marseille (IMTSSA, Le Pharo),
| | - Matthieu Pophillat
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de la Méditerranée
| | - Maya Belghazi
- Centre d'Analyse Protéomique de Marseille, Institut Fédératif de Recherche Jean Roche, Faculté de Médecine Nord
| | - Patrick Fourquet
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de la Méditerranée
| | - Yves Jammes
- UMR-MD2, Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Conditions d'Oxygénations Extrêmes, Institut Fédératif de Recherche Jean Roche, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Parzy
- UMR-MD3, Université de la Méditerranée, Antenne IRBA de Marseille (IMTSSA, Le Pharo),
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Fontaine A, Bourdon S, Belghazi M, Pophillat M, Fourquet P, Granjeaud S, Torrentino-Madamet M, Rogier C, Fusai T, Almeras L. Plasmodium falciparum infection-induced changes in erythrocyte membrane proteins. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:545-56. [PMID: 21744020 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, advances in proteomic and mass spectrometry techniques and the sequencing of the Plasmodium falciparum genome have led to an increasing number of studies regarding the parasite proteome. However, these studies have focused principally on parasite protein expression, neglecting parasite-induced variations in the host proteome. Here, we investigated P. falciparum-induced modifications of the infected red blood cell (iRBC) membrane proteome, taking into account both host and parasite proteome alterations. Furthermore, we also determined if some protein changes were associated with genotypically distinct P. falciparum strains. Comparison of host membrane proteomes between iRBCs and uninfected red blood cells using fluorescence-based proteomic approaches, such as 2D difference gel electrophoresis revealed that more than 100 protein spots were highly up-represented (fold change increase greater than five) following P. falciparum infection for both strains (i.e. RP8 and Institut Pasteur Pregnancy Associated Malaria). The majority of spots identified by mass spectrometry corresponded to Homo sapiens proteins. However, infection-induced changes in host proteins did not appear to affect molecules located at the outer surface of the plasma membrane. The under-representation of parasite proteins could not be attributed to deficient parasite protein expression. Thus, this study describes for the first time that considerable host protein modifications were detected following P. falciparum infection at the erythrocyte membrane level. Further analysis of infection-induced host protein modifications will improve our knowledge of malaria pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Fontaine
- Unité de Parasitologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), antenne Marseille, IFR48, Allée du Médecin colonel Eugène Jamot, Parc du Pharo, BP 60 109, 13262, Marseille Cedex 07, France
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