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Daniel L, Karam A, Franco CHJ, Conde C, Sacramento de Morais A, Mosnier J, Fonta I, Villarreal W, Pradines B, Moreira DRM, Navarro M. Metal(triphenylphosphine)-atovaquone Complexes: Synthesis, Antimalarial Activity, and Suppression of Heme Detoxification. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:17087-17099. [PMID: 39185932 PMCID: PMC11409218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
To ascertain the bioinorganic chemistry of metals conjugated with quinones, the complexes [Ag(ATV)(PPh3)2] (1), [Au(ATV)(PPh3)]·2H2O (2), and [Cu(ATV)(PPh3)2] (3) were synthesized by the coordination of the antimalarial naphthoquinone atovaquone (ATV) to the starting materials [Ag(PPh3)2]NO3, [Au(PPh3)Cl], and [Cu(PPh3)2NO3], respectively. These complexes were characterized by analytical and spectroscopical techniques. X-ray diffraction of single crystals precisely confirmed the coordination mode of ATV to the metals, which was monodentate or bidentate, depending on the metal center. Both coordination modes showed high stability in the solid state and in solution. All three complexes showed negative log D values at pH 5, but at pH 7.4, while complex 2 continued to have a negative log D value, complexes 1 and 3 displayed positive values, indicating a more hydrophilic character. ATV and complexes 1-3 could bind to ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FePPIX); however, only complexes 1-3 could inhibit β-hematin crystal formation. Phenotype-based activity revealed that all three metal complexes are able to inhibit the growth of P. falciparum with potency and selectivity comparable to those of ATV, while the starting materials lack this activity. The outcomes of this chemical design may provide significant insights into structure-activity relationships for the development of new antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Daniel
- Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catalise, Departamento Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Arquímedes Karam
- Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catalise, Departamento Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Chris Hebert J Franco
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Camila Conde
- Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catalise, Departamento Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Joel Mosnier
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, 13005, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, SSA, AP-HM, RITMES, Marseille, 13005, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Isabelle Fonta
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, 13005, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, SSA, AP-HM, RITMES, Marseille, 13005, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, 13005, France
| | - Wilmer Villarreal
- Grupo de Química Inorgânica Medicinal e Reações Aplicadas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, 13005, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, SSA, AP-HM, RITMES, Marseille, 13005, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, 13005, France
| | | | - Maribel Navarro
- Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Catalise, Departamento Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-900, Brazil
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Lepère JF, Collet L, Idaroussi AB, Youssouf H, Soler M, Pradines B. A malaria elimination milestone reached on Mayotte Island. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104868. [PMID: 38401759 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lepère
- Centre Médical de Référence de Dzoumogné, Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, BP 04, 97600 Mamoudzou, France.
| | - Louis Collet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, BP 04, 97600 Mamoudzou, France
| | - Ambdoul-Bar Idaroussi
- Service de Lutte Antivectorielle, ARS de Mayotte, Centre Kinga, 97600 Mamoudzou, France
| | - Hassani Youssouf
- Santé Publique France Mayotte, Centre Kinga, 97600 Mamoudzou, France
| | - Marion Soler
- Santé Publique France Mayotte, Centre Kinga, 97600 Mamoudzou, France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité parasitologie et entomologie, Département Microbiologie et maladies infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, VITROME, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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Castañeda-Mogollón D, Toppings NB, Kamaliddin C, Lang R, Kuhn S, Pillai DR. Amplicon Deep Sequencing Reveals Multiple Genetic Events Lead to Treatment Failure with Atovaquone-Proguanil in Plasmodium falciparum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0170922. [PMID: 37154745 PMCID: PMC10269153 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01709-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atovaquone-proguanil (AP) is used as treatment for uncomplicated malaria, and as a chemoprophylactic agent against Plasmodium falciparum. Imported malaria remains one of the top causes of fever in Canadian returning travelers. Twelve sequential whole-blood samples before and after AP treatment failure were obtained from a patient diagnosed with P. falciparum malaria upon their return from Uganda and Sudan. Ultradeep sequencing was performed on the cytb, dhfr, and dhps markers of treatment resistance before and during the episode of recrudescence. Haplotyping profiles were generated using three different approaches: msp2-3D7 agarose and capillary electrophoresis, and cpmp using amplicon deep sequencing (ADS). A complexity of infection (COI) analysis was conducted. De novo cytb Y268C mutants strains were observed during an episode of recrudescence 17 days and 16 h after the initial malaria diagnosis and AP treatment initiation. No Y268C mutant reads were observed in any of the samples prior to the recrudescence. SNPs in the dhfr and dhps genes were observed upon initial presentation. The haplotyping profiles suggest multiple clones mutating under AP selection pressure (COI > 3). Significant differences in COI were observed by capillary electrophoresis and ADS compared to the agarose gel results. ADS using cpmp revealed the lowest haplotype variation across the longitudinal analysis. Our findings highlight the value of ultra-deep sequencing methods in the understanding of P. falciparum haplotype infection dynamics. Longitudinal samples should be analyzed in genotyping studies to increase the analytical sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castañeda-Mogollón
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Noah B. Toppings
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claire Kamaliddin
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raynell Lang
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Kuhn
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dylan R. Pillai
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe & Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Diagnostic & Scientific Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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De Laval F, Pommier De Santi V. [Epidemiology of malaria in the French Armed Forces]. MEDECINE TROPICALE ET SANTE INTERNATIONALE 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i1.2023.311. [PMID: 37525641 PMCID: PMC10387290 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i1.2023.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Because of the individual morbidity and lethality and the resulting collective incapacity, malaria has always been a risk for the Armed Forces in operation. The fight against malaria is a real public health plan carried out by the Armed Forces Health Service (SSA) for the benefit of the Forces. This plan has four main components: vector control, which targets larvae and adult mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles, personal vector protection, which limits human-vector contact, chemoprophylaxis, and early diagnosis and treatment of malaria.Since 2001, the epidemiology of malaria in the Armed Forces have suffered from large-scale epidemics during operational engagements in Côte d'Ivoire, Guyana and the Central African Republic. The start of a military operation is accompanied by strategic and logistical priorities that take precedence over prevention. In addition, the rigorous application of personal protection measures remains difficult and even more so in a combat situation.The development of urban malaria in Africa, the use of causal chemoprophylaxis, the alternative to "nothing but insecticides", and the development of efficient diagnostic tools allowing for early and adapted management are the challenges ahead for the SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck De Laval
- Service de surveillance épidémiologique et investigations, Centre d’épidémiologie et de santé publique des Armées (CESPA), BdD Marseille-Aubagne 111, avenue de la Corse, BP 40026, 13568 Marseille Cedex 02, France
| | - Vincent Pommier De Santi
- Service de prévention du risque vectoriel, Centre d’épidémiologie et de santé publique des Armées (CESPA), BdD Marseille-Aubagne 111, avenue de la Corse, BP 40026, 13568 Marseille Cedex 02, France
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Collins O, Duffy K. A mathematical model for the dynamics and control of malaria in Nigeria. Infect Dis Model 2022; 7:728-741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Massamba L, Madamet M, Benoit N, Chevalier A, Fonta I, Mondain V, Jeandel PY, Amalvict R, Delaunay P, Mosnier J, Marty P, Pomares C, Pradines B. Late clinical failure associated with cytochrome b codon 268 mutation during treatment of falciparum malaria with atovaquone-proguanil in traveller returning from Congo. Malar J 2020; 19:37. [PMID: 31964401 PMCID: PMC6975030 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-3126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The drug combination atovaquone–proguanil, is recommended for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in France. Despite high efficacy, atovaquone–proguanil treatment failures have been reported. Resistance to cycloguanil, the active metabolite of proguanil, is conferred by multiple mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) and resistance to atovaquone by single mutation on codon 268 of the cytochrome b gene (pfcytb). Case presentation A 47-year-old female, native from Congo and resident in France, was admitted in hospital for uncomplicated falciparum malaria with parasitaemia of 0.5%, after travelling in Congo (Brazzaville and Pointe Noire). She was treated with atovaquone–proguanil (250 mg/100 mg) 4 tablets daily for 3 consecutive days. On day 5 after admission she was released home. However, many weeks after this episode, without having left France, she again experienced fever and intense weakness. On day 39 after the beginning of treatment, she consulted for fever, arthralgia, myalgia, photophobia, and blurred vision. She was hospitalized for uncomplicated falciparum malaria with a parasitaemia of 0.375% and treated effectively by piperaquine–artenimol (320 mg/40 mg) 3 tablets daily for 3 consecutive days. Resistance to atovaquone–proguanil was suspected. The Y268C mutation was detected in all of the isolates tested (D39, D42, D47). The genotyping of the pfdhfr gene showed a triple mutation (N51I, C59R, S108N) involved in cycloguanil resistance. Conclusion This is the first observation of a late clinical failure of atovaquone–proguanil treatment of P. falciparum uncomplicated malaria associated with pfcytb 268 mutation in a traveller returning from Congo. These data confirm that the Y268C mutation is associated with delayed recrudescence 4 weeks or more after initial treatment. Although atovaquone–proguanil treatment failures remain rare, an increased surveillance is required. It is essential to declare and publish all well-documented cases of treatment failures because it is the only way to evaluate the level of resistance to atovaquone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurencie Massamba
- Parasitologie Mycologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Université de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Marylin Madamet
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Benoit
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Alicia Chevalier
- Parasitologie Mycologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Université de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Fonta
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Mondain
- Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Université de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Jeandel
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Rémy Amalvict
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Delaunay
- Parasitologie Mycologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Université de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joel Mosnier
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Marty
- Parasitologie Mycologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Université de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Virulence microbienne et signalisation inflammatoire, Nice, France
| | - Christelle Pomares
- Parasitologie Mycologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Université de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Virulence microbienne et signalisation inflammatoire, Nice, France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie et entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et de maladies infectieuses, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Marseille, France. .,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France. .,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. .,Centre national de référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France.
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Ingasia LA, Akala HM, Imbuga MO, Opot BH, Eyase FL, Johnson JD, Bulimo WD, Kamau E. Molecular characterization of the cytochrome b gene and in vitro atovaquone susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Kenya. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:1818-21. [PMID: 25583715 PMCID: PMC4325819 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03956-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of a genetic polymorphism(s) at codon 268 in the cytochrome b gene, which is associated with failure of atovaquone-proguanil treatment, was analyzed in 227 Plasmodium falciparum parasites from western Kenya. The prevalence of the wild-type allele was 63%, and that of the Y268S (denoting a Y-to-S change at position 268) mutant allele was 2%. There were no pure Y268C or Y268N mutant alleles, only mixtures of a mutant allele(s) with the wild type. There was a correlation between parasite 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and parasite genetic polymorphism; mutant alleles had higher IC50s than the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luicer A Ingasia
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Hoseah M Akala
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Mabel O Imbuga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Benjamin H Opot
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Fredrick L Eyase
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Jacob D Johnson
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Wallace D Bulimo
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Edwin Kamau
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DEID-GEIS) Program, U.S. Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya (USAMRU-K), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Walter Reed Project, Kisumu, Kenya
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Grynberg S, Lachish T, Kopel E, Meltzer E, Schwartz E. Artemether-lumefantrine compared to atovaquone-proguanil as a treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in travelers. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 92:13-7. [PMID: 25371188 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Atovaquone-proguanil (AP) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) are both treatments for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but comparative clinical trials are lacking. We performed a retrospective analysis, comparing treatment failure and fever clearance time in non-immune travelers with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, treated with AP or AL. Sixty-nine patients were included during 2001-2013: 44 in the AP group and 25 in the AL group. Treatment failure was observed in 6 of 44 (13.6%) and 1 of 25 (4.0%) patients in the AP and AL groups, respectively. Six treatment failures were observed in travelers from West Africa. Fever clearance time was 44 ± 23 h in AL group versus 77 ± 28 h in AP group, (P < 0.001). Hospitalization time was significantly shorter in the AL group; 3.8 + 1.3 versus 5.1 + 2.8 days in the AP group (P = 0.04) In conclusion, travelers with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria recover faster on AL than on AP. The AL should probably be the drug of choice for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirly Grynberg
- The Center of Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; The Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Lachish
- The Center of Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; The Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Kopel
- The Center of Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; The Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Meltzer
- The Center of Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; The Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Schwartz
- The Center of Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; The Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Plucinski MM, Huber CS, Akinyi S, Dalton W, Eschete M, Grady K, Silva-Flannery L, Mathison BA, Udhayakumar V, Arguin PM, Barnwell JW. Novel Mutation in Cytochrome B of Plasmodium falciparum in One of Two Atovaquone-Proguanil Treatment Failures in Travelers Returning From Same Site in Nigeria. Open Forum Infect Dis 2014; 1:ofu059. [PMID: 25734129 PMCID: PMC4281801 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atovaquone-proguanil (AP) is the most commonly used treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the United States. Apparent AP treatment failures were reported 7 months apart in 2 American travelers who stayed in the same compound for foreign workers in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods We analyzed pretreatment (day 0) and day of failure samples from both travelers for mutations in the P falciparum cytochrome B (pfcytb) and dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) genes associated with resistance to atovaquone and cycloguanil, the active metabolite of proguanil, respectively. We genotyped the parasites and sequenced their mitochondrial genomes. Results On day 0, both travelers had proguanil-resistant genotypes but atovaquone-sensitive cytb sequences. Day of failure samples exhibited mutations in cytb for both travelers. One traveler had the common Y268S mutation, whereas the other traveler had a previously unreported mutation, I258M. The travelers had unrelated parasite genotypes and different mitochondrial genomes. Conclusions Despite the infections likely having been contracted in the same site, there is no evidence that the cases were related. The mutations likely arose independently during the acute infection or treatment. Our results highlight the importance of genotyping parasites and sequencing the full cytb and dhfr genes in AP failures to rule out transmission of AP-resistant strains and identify novel mechanisms of AP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz M Plucinski
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health ; Epidemic Intelligence Service , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Curtis S Huber
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health
| | - Sheila Akinyi
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health
| | | | - Mary Eschete
- Terrebonne General Medical Center, Houma, Louisiana
| | - Katharine Grady
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health
| | | | - Blaine A Mathison
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health
| | | | - Paul M Arguin
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health
| | - John W Barnwell
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health
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