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Viana Dos Santos MB, Braga de Oliveira A, Veras Mourão RH. Brazilian plants with antimalarial activity: A review of the period from 2011 to 2022. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117595. [PMID: 38122914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria continues to be a serious global public health problem in subtropical and tropical countries of the world. The main drugs used in the treatment of human malaria, quinine and artemisinin, are isolates of medicinal plants, making the use of plants a widespread practice in countries where malaria is endemic. Over the years, due to the increased resistance of the parasite to chloroquine and artemisinin in certain regions, new strategies for combating malaria have been employed, including research with medicinal plants. AIM This review focuses on the scientific production regarding medicinal plants from Brazil whose antimalarial activity was evaluated during the period from 2011 to 2022. 2. METHODOLOGY For this review, four electronic databases were selected for research: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scielo and Periódicos CAPES. Searches were made for full texts published in the form of scientific articles written in Portuguese or English and in a digital format. In addition, prospects for new treatments as well as future research that encourages the search for natural products and antimalarial derivatives are also presented. RESULTS A total of 61 publications were encountered, which cited 36 botanical families and 92 species using different Plasmodium strains in in vitro and in vivo assays. The botanical families with the most expressive number of species found were Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae (14, 14, 9 and 6 species, respectively), and the most frequently cited species were of the genera Psychotria L. (8) and Aspidosperma Mart. (12), which belong to the families Rubiaceae and Apocynaceae. Altogether, 75 compounds were identified or isolated from 28 different species, 31 of which are alkaloids. In addition, the extracts of the analyzed species, including the isolated compounds, showed a significant reduction of parasitemia in P. falciparum and P. berghei, especially in the clones W2 CQ-R (in vitro) and ANKA (in vivo), respectively. The Brazilian regions with the highest number of species analyzed were those of the north, especially the states of Pará and Amazonas, and the southeast, especially the state of Minas Gerais. CONCLUSION Although many plant species with antimalarial potential have been identified in Brazil, studies of new antimalarial molecules are slow and have not evolved to the production of a phytotherapeutic medicine. Given this, investigations of plants of traditional use and biotechnological approaches are necessary for the discovery of natural antimalarial products that contribute to the treatment of the disease in the country and in other endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz Viana Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Alaíde Braga de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - PPGCF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rosa Helena Veras Mourão
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil
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2
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Fan M, Zou L, Tian K, Chen G, Cheng K, Li Y. Chemistry, bioactivity, biosynthesis, and total synthesis of stemmadenine alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1022-1044. [PMID: 36728407 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to July 2022Stemmadenine alkaloids are a restrictive sub-group of monoterpene indole alkaloids, represented by two congeners: stemmadenine and vallesamine. Their skeleton is defined by the cleavage of the C-3-C-7 bond of the Strychnos group's pentacyclic scaffold in monoterpene indole alkaloids. The parent alkaloid stemmadenine acts as a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of several major monoterpene indole alkaloid families, including regular Strychnos alkaloids, Aspidosperma alkaloids, and Iboga alkaloids. In this review, a complete coverage of the stemmadenine alkaloids, from the early reports till the present day at 2022, are presented, and their diverse biological activities are briefly described. Moreover, the biosynthetic proposal for stemmadenine and the proposed biogenetic conversion of stemmadenine-type alkaloids into vallesamine-type congeners are discussed in detail. Moreover, the successful synthetic strategies to access the strained stemmadenine scaffolds are fully reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Fan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangbang Zou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaidi Tian
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai Cheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, People's Republic of China.
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Uludag N, Üstün E, Serdaroğlu G. Strychnos alkaloids: total synthesis, characterization, DFT investigations, and molecular docking with AChE, BuChE, and HSA. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Antihypertensive Activity of the Alkaloid Aspidocarpine in Normotensive Wistar Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206895. [PMID: 36296487 PMCID: PMC9609921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkaloid Aspidocarpine was isolated from the bark of Aspidosperma desmanthum. Its structure was elucidated by the spectral data of 1H and 13C-NMR (1D and 2D) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). The antihypertensive activity was investigated by intravenous infusion in Wistar rats. This alkaloid significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the systolic, median, and diastolic blood pressures of rodents, without causing motor incoordination and imbalance in the rotarod test. The results indicate that the alkaloid Aspidocarpine exerts its antihypertensive activity without causing sedation or the impairment of motor functions.
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Nutritional and Phytochemical Variation of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) (Subspecies caffra and birrea) Fruit among Nine International Provenances Tested in Malawi. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:4686368. [PMID: 36268477 PMCID: PMC9578900 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4686368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) is one of the indigenous fruit trees that was selected for domestication in Malawi. This study was conducted to assess nutritional and phytochemical variation of Sclerocarya birrea (subspecies caffra and birrea) fruits planted in an international provenance trial in Malawi. Vitamin C, calcium, iron, zinc, fat, and fibre content ranged from 6 to 81 mg/100 g; 1.8 to 5.3 mg/100 g; 1.4 to 3.3 mg/100 g; 0.3 to 0.8 mg/100 g; 51.6 to 57.7%; and 4.1 to 6.9%, respectively. Phytochemical scores showed that all nine provenances contained weak (+) concentration of alkaloids. Kalimbeza (Namibia) and Magamba-Turiani (Tanzania) provenances showed moderate (++) concentrations of saponins. Chikhwawa (Malawi), Missira (Mali), and Moamba (Mozambique) provenances had moderate (++) concentrations of tannins. Missira (Mali) and Kalimbeza (Namibia) provenances showed weak (+) concentration of terpenoids. Variations observed in nutritional and phytochemical composition could be attributed to genetic make-up and origin of the genotypes, since all genotypes were planted in the same environment. Therefore, selection of Sclerocarya birrea for domestication purposes should consider the provenance (origin of genotypes) and subspecies levels. Further studies should investigate vegetative propagation and heritability of nutritional and phytochemical traits before the use of seed for propagation.
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Kaur P, Sharma P, Kumar V, Sahal D, Kumar R. Chitosan-supported FeCl3 catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline-indole hybrids with promising activity against chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Uludag N, Duran E. An Improved Approach to the Synthesis of (±)-Noruleine. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2021.2022923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nesimi Uludag
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Division, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Ebru Duran
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Division, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
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Kingston DGI, Cassera MB. Antimalarial Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 117:1-106. [PMID: 34977998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89873-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have made a crucial and unique contribution to human health, and this is especially true in the case of malaria, where the natural products quinine and artemisinin and their derivatives and analogues, have saved millions of lives. The need for new drugs to treat malaria is still urgent, since the most dangerous malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, has become resistant to quinine and most of its derivatives and is becoming resistant to artemisinin and its derivatives. This volume begins with a short history of malaria and follows this with a summary of its biology. It then traces the fascinating history of the discovery of quinine for malaria treatment and then describes quinine's biosynthesis, its mechanism of action, and its clinical use, concluding with a discussion of synthetic antimalarial agents based on quinine's structure. The volume then covers the discovery of artemisinin and its development as the source of the most effective current antimalarial drug, including summaries of its synthesis and biosynthesis, its mechanism of action, and its clinical use and resistance. A short discussion of other clinically used antimalarial natural products leads to a detailed treatment of other natural products with significant antiplasmodial activity, classified by compound type. Although the search for new antimalarial natural products from Nature's combinatorial library is challenging, it is very likely to yield new antimalarial drugs. The chapter thus ends by identifying over ten natural products with development potential as clinical antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G I Kingston
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Maria Belen Cassera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Santos AF, Santos Mota NSR, Schiefer EM, da Cunha RS, Junkert AM, Stinghen AEM, Pontarolo R, Crisma AR, Weffort-Santos AM, Pedrosa RC, de Souza WM, Felipe KB. The toxicity of Aspidosperma subincanum to MCF7 cells is related to modulation of oxidative status and proinflammatory pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114512. [PMID: 34384848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cancer is an inflammatory disease because carcinogenesis and tumor progression depend on intrinsic and extrinsic inflammatory pathways. Although species of the genus Aspidosperma are widely used to treat tumors, and there is ethnopharmacological evidence for traditional use of the species A. subincanum as an anti-inflammatory agent, its antineoplastic potential is unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate toxic effects of the indole alkaloid-rich fraction (IAF) of A. subincanum on the MCF7 cell line and identify some of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chromatographic analyses were performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of IAF were verified by MTT and clonogenic assays. Cell cycle alterations were analyzed by measuring DNA content, while propidium iodide and acridine orange staining was performed to determine the type of induced cell death. The expression of apoptosis markers and proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival pathways was analyzed by immunoblotting, RT-qPCR, and ELISAs. Interference with redox status was investigated using a DCFH-DA probe and by measuring catalase activity. RESULTS Chromatographic analyses showed that IAF is a complex mixture containing indole alkaloids. IAF selectively exerted toxic and antiproliferative effects, elevating the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and inducing apoptosis in MCF7 cells. IAF decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and increased catalase activity, while reducing the IL-8 level and suppressing COX-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS IAF induces apoptosis in MCF7 cells by suppressing COX-2 expression while reducing IL-8 levels and intracellular content of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa F Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nádia S R Santos Mota
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88037-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Elberth M Schiefer
- Postgraduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, 80230-901, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Regiane S da Cunha
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-000, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Allan M Junkert
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andréa E M Stinghen
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-000, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Amanda R Crisma
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Almeriane M Weffort-Santos
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rozangela C Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88037-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Wesley M de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Karina B Felipe
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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10
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Ceravolo IP, Aguiar AC, Adebayo JO, Krettli AU. Studies on Activities and Chemical Characterization of Medicinal Plants in Search for New Antimalarials: A Ten Year Review on Ethnopharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:734263. [PMID: 34630109 PMCID: PMC8493299 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an endemic disease that affected 229 million people and caused 409 thousand deaths, in 2019. Disease control is based on early diagnosis and specific treatment with antimalarial drugs since no effective vaccines are commercially available to prevent the disease. Drug chemotherapy has a strong historical link to the use of traditional plant infusions and other natural products in various cultures. The research based on such knowledge has yielded two drugs in medicine: the alkaloid quinine from Cinchona species, native in the Amazon highland rain forest in South America, and artemisinin from Artemisia annua, a species from the millenary Chinese medicine. The artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), proven to be highly effective against malaria parasites, and considered as “the last bullet to fight drug-resistant malaria parasites,” have limited use now due to the emergence of multidrug resistance. In addition, the limited number of therapeutic options makes urgent the development of new antimalarial drugs. This review focuses on the antimalarial activities of 90 plant species obtained from a search using Pubmed database with keywords “antimalarials,” “plants” and “natural products.” We selected only papers published in the last 10 years (2011–2020), with a further analysis of those which were tested experimentally in malaria infected mice. Most plant species studied were from the African continent, followed by Asia and South America; their antimalarial activities were evaluated against asexual blood parasites, and only one species was evaluated for transmission blocking activity. Only a few compounds isolated from these plants were active and had their mechanisms of action delineated, thereby limiting the contribution of these medicinal plants as sources of novel antimalarial pharmacophores, which are highly necessary for the development of effective drugs. Nevertheless, the search for bioactive compounds remains as a promising strategy for the development of new antimalarials and the validation of traditional treatments against malaria. One species native in South America, Ampelozyzyphus amazonicus, and is largely used against human malaria in Brazil has a prophylactic effect, interfering with the viability of sporozoites in in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela P Ceravolo
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anna C Aguiar
- Departamento de Biociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Joseph O Adebayo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Antoniana U Krettli
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Heravi MM, Abedian‐Dehaghani N, Zadsirjan V, Rangraz Y. Catalytic Function of Cu (I) and Cu (II) in Total Synthesis of Alkaloids. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Abedian‐Dehaghani
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
| | - Yalda Rangraz
- Department of Chemistry School of Physics and Chemistry Alzahra University, PO.Box 1993891176, Vanak Tehran Iran
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Jamieson CS, Misa J, Tang Y, Billingsley JM. Biosynthesis and synthetic biology of psychoactive natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6950-7008. [PMID: 33908526 PMCID: PMC8217322 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychoactive natural products play an integral role in the modern world. The tremendous structural complexity displayed by such molecules confers diverse biological activities of significant medicinal value and sociocultural impact. Accordingly, in the last two centuries, immense effort has been devoted towards establishing how plants, animals, and fungi synthesize complex natural products from simple metabolic precursors. The recent explosion of genomics data and molecular biology tools has enabled the identification of genes encoding proteins that catalyze individual biosynthetic steps. Once fully elucidated, the "biosynthetic pathways" are often comparable to organic syntheses in elegance and yield. Additionally, the discovery of biosynthetic enzymes provides powerful catalysts which may be repurposed for synthetic biology applications, or implemented with chemoenzymatic synthetic approaches. In this review, we discuss the progress that has been made toward biosynthetic pathway elucidation amongst four classes of psychoactive natural products: hallucinogens, stimulants, cannabinoids, and opioids. Compounds of diverse biosynthetic origin - terpene, amino acid, polyketide - are identified, and notable mechanisms of key scaffold transforming steps are highlighted. We also provide a description of subsequent applications of the biosynthetic machinery, with an emphasis placed on the synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies enabling heterologous production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cooper S Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Joshua Misa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - John M Billingsley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. and Invizyne Technologies, Inc., Monrovia, CA, USA
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Luczywo A, González LG, Aguiar ACC, Oliveira de Souza J, Souza GE, Oliva G, Aguilar LF, Casal JJ, Guido RVC, Asís SE, Mellado M. 3-aryl-indolinones derivatives as antiplasmodial agents: synthesis, biological activity and computational analysis. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3887-3893. [PMID: 33703954 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1895149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious illness, affecting vulnerable populations in Third World countries. Inspired by natural products, indole alkaloids have been used as a nucleus to design new antimalarial drugs. So, eighteen oxindole derivatives, aza analogues were obtained with moderate to excellent yields. Also, the saturated derivatives of oxindole and aza derivatives via H2/Pd/C reduction were obtained in good yields, leading to racemic mixtures of each compound. Next, the inhibitory activity against P. falciparum of 18 compounds were tested, founding six compounds with IC50 < 20 µM. The most active of these compounds was 8c; however, their unsaturated derivative 7c was inactive. Then, a structure-activity relationship analysis was done, founding that focused LUMO lobe on the specific molecular zone is related to inhibitory activity against P. falciparum. Finally, we found a potential inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase by oxindole derivatives, using molecular docking virtual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelen Luczywo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía G González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anna C C Aguiar
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brasil
| | | | - Guilherme E Souza
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brasil
| | - Glaucius Oliva
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brasil
| | - Luis F Aguilar
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan J Casal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael V C Guido
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brasil
| | - Silvia E Asís
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marco Mellado
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Parthasarathy A, Borrego EJ, Savka MA, Dobson RCJ, Hudson AO. Amino acid-derived defense metabolites from plants: A potential source to facilitate novel antimicrobial development. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100438. [PMID: 33610552 PMCID: PMC8024917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For millennia, humanity has relied on plants for its medicines, and modern pharmacology continues to reexamine and mine plant metabolites for novel compounds and to guide improvements in biological activity, bioavailability, and chemical stability. The critical problem of antibiotic resistance and increasing exposure to viral and parasitic diseases has spurred renewed interest into drug treatments for infectious diseases. In this context, an urgent revival of natural product discovery is globally underway with special attention directed toward the numerous and chemically diverse plant defensive compounds such as phytoalexins and phytoanticipins that combat herbivores, microbial pathogens, or competing plants. Moreover, advancements in “omics,” chemistry, and heterologous expression systems have facilitated the purification and characterization of plant metabolites and the identification of possible therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe several important amino acid–derived classes of plant defensive compounds, including antimicrobial peptides (e.g., defensins, thionins, and knottins), alkaloids, nonproteogenic amino acids, and phenylpropanoids as potential drug leads, examining their mechanisms of action, therapeutic targets, and structure–function relationships. Given their potent antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties, which can be superior to existing drugs, phytoalexins and phytoanticipins are an excellent resource to facilitate the rational design and development of antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutthaman Parthasarathy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eli J Borrego
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Michael A Savka
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - André O Hudson
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA.
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Role of Melatonin in the Synchronization of Asexual Forms in the Parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091243. [PMID: 32867164 PMCID: PMC7563138 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The indoleamine compound melatonin has been extensively studied in the regulation of the circadian rhythm in nearly all vertebrates. The effects of melatonin have also been studied in Protozoan parasites, especially in the synchronization of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum via a complex downstream signalling pathway. Melatonin activates protein kinase A (PfPKA) and requires the activation of protein kinase 7 (PfPK7), PLC-IP3, and a subset of genes from the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In other parasites, such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii, melatonin increases inflammatory components, thus amplifying the protective response of the host’s immune system and affecting parasite load. The development of melatonin-related indole compounds exhibiting antiparasitic properties clearly suggests this new and effective approach as an alternative treatment. Therefore, it is critical to understand how melatonin confers stimulatory functions in host–parasite biology.
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Li J, Sun X, Li J, Yu F, Zhang Y, Huang X, Jiang F. The antimalarial activity of indole alkaloids and hybrids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000131. [PMID: 32785974 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue‐Ying Li
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Sun
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jing‐Jing Li
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Fen Yu
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiu‐Juan Huang
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Feng‐Xia Jiang
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Rosales PF, Bordin GS, Gower AE, Moura S. Indole alkaloids: 2012 until now, highlighting the new chemical structures and biological activities. Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104558. [PMID: 32198108 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Indole alkaloids have attracted attention because of their therapeutic properties, being anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitumoural, antioxidant and antimicrobial. These compounds present a wide structural diversity, which is directly related to the genera of the producing plants, as well as the biological activities. Indole alkaloids have attracted attention over the last decade because of this combination of bioactivity and structural diversity. Therefore, this review presented recent (2012-2018) advances in alkaloids, focusing on new compounds, extraction methods and biological activities. As such, approximately 70 articles were identified, which showed 261 new compounds produced by plants of the families Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Annonaceae and Loganiaceae. In addition, different extraction methods were identified, and the structures of the new compounds were analysed. In addition to indole molecules, there were mono-indole-, di-indole-, vinblastine-, vimblastine-, gelsedine-, geissospermidine-, koumine-, geissospermidine-, iboga-, perakine-, corynanthe-, vincamine-, ajmaline-, aspidorpema-, strychnos-type, β-carboline alkaloids and indole alkaloid glucosides. The reported biological activities are mainly anticancer, antibacterial, antimalarial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral, as well as anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-butyrylcolinesterase properties. This review serves as a guide for those wishing to find the most recently identified alkaloid structures and their associated activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Fagundes Rosales
- LBIOP - Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil; IFRS -Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Sandri Bordin
- LBIOP - Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriana Escalona Gower
- LBIOP - Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- LBIOP - Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, Technology Department, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
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Ghobadi N, Nazari N, Gholamzadeh P. The Friedländer reaction: A powerful strategy for the synthesis of heterocycles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tajuddeen N, Van Heerden FR. Antiplasmodial natural products: an update. Malar J 2019; 18:404. [PMID: 31805944 PMCID: PMC6896759 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in regions of the world where it is endemic. An unprecedented decline in malaria incidences was recorded during the last decade due to the availability of effective control interventions, such as the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets. However, according to the World Health Organization, malaria is staging a comeback, in part due to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new anti-malarial drugs. This article reviews the literature on natural products with antiplasmodial activity that was reported between 2010 and 2017. Methods Relevant literature was sourced by searching the major scientific databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciFinder, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keyword combinations. Results and Discussion A total of 1524 compounds from 397 relevant references, assayed against at least one strain of Plasmodium, were reported in the period under review. Out of these, 39% were described as new natural products, and 29% of the compounds had IC50 ≤ 3.0 µM against at least one strain of Plasmodium. Several of these compounds have the potential to be developed into viable anti-malarial drugs. Also, some of these compounds could play a role in malaria eradication by targeting gametocytes. However, the research into natural products with potential for blocking the transmission of malaria is still in its infancy stage and needs to be vigorously pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Fanie R Van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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Ma X, Zhang X, Xie G, Awad JM, Zhang W. One-pot diastereoselective synthesis of tetrahydroepimino-benzo[b]azocines through sequential [3+2]-cycloaddition and Staudinger-aza-Wittig reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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de Almeida VL, Silva CG, Silva AF, Campana PRV, Foubert K, Lopes JCD, Pieters L. Aspidosperma species: A review of their chemistry and biological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:125-140. [PMID: 30395977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Species of Aspidosperma are known popularly as "peroba, guatambu, carapanaúba, pau-pereiro" and "quina". The genus can be found in the Americas, mainly between Mexico and Argentina. Many species of Aspidosperma are used by the population in treating cardiovascular diseases, malaria, fever, diabetes and rheumatism. The phytochemical aspects of the species of the genus Aspidosperma have been studied extensively. The monoterpene indole alkaloids are the main secondary metabolites in Aspidosperma species, and about 250 of them have been isolated showing a considerable structural diversity. Several of them have showed some important pharmacological activities. Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. and Aspidosperma tomentosum Mart. (Apocynaceae) are Brazilian species widely used by the population to treat diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia. The pharmacological activities of both species have been investigated and the biological properties described can be related to their isolated indole alkaloids. However, more pharmacological studies are needed in order to justify the use of these species in folk medicine. In this review, we present reports mainly focused on chemical and biological studies and their relationship with the ethnopharmacological use of both Aspidosperma species. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this review is to present their ethnopharmacological use as correlated to their biological activities as described for the extracts and isolated compounds from Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. and Aspidosperma tomentosum Mart. In addition, some aspects related to the biosynthetic pathways are discussed, also NMR assignments and some synthesis information about indole alkaloids from both Aspidosperma species are included. MATERIAL AND METHODS The bibliographic search was made in theses and dissertations using some databases such as NDLTD (Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations), OATD (Open Access Theses and Dissertations) and Google Scholar. More data were gathered from books, Brazilian journals and articles available on electronic databases such as, Google Scholar, PubChem, Scifinder, Web of Science, SciELO, PubMed and Science Direct. Additionally, the Google Patents and Espacenet Patent Search (EPO) were also consulted. The keywords Aspidosperma, A. subincanum, A. tomentosum, indole alkaloids were used in the research. The languages were restricted to Portuguese, English and Spanish and references were selected according to their relevance. RESULTS A. subincanum Mart. and A. tomentosum Mart. (Apocynaceae) are Brazilian species widely used by the population to treat a few diseases. Extracts and isolated compounds of both species have shown antitumor and antimalarial activities. The antitumor activity of isolated compounds has been extensively studied. However, the antiplasmodial activity needs to be investigated further as well as the anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic and anorexigenic activities. From A. subincanum twenty-one indole alkaloids were isolated and some of them have been extensively studied. From the leaves and bark of A. tomentosum four alkaloids and one flavonoid were isolated. Furthermore, CG-MS analysis of seeds, branches, leaves and arils identified nine indole alkaloids. Stemmadenine has been proposed as a precursor of indole alkaloids obtained from some species of Aspidosperma. Many of the biosynthetic steps have been characterized at the enzymatic level and appropriate genes have been identified, however, other steps have yet to be investigated and they are still controversial. Some isolated alkaloids from A. subincanum and A. tomentosum were identified only by mass spectrometry. In many cases, their NMR data was either not available or was incomplete. The described meta-analysis of the available NMR data revealed that the chemical shifts belonging to the indole ring might be used to characterize this class of alkaloids within complex matrices such as plant extracts. The biological activities and the structural complexity of these compounds have stimulated the interest of many groups into their synthesis. In this review, some information about the synthesis of indole alkaloids and their derivatives was presented. CONCLUSIONS A. subincanum and A. tomentosum are used by the population of Brazil to treat many diseases. A few biological activities described for the extracts and isolated compounds of both species are in agreement with the ethnopharmacological use for others species of Aspidosperma, such as, antimalarial, the treatment of diabetes and other illnesses. These species are sources of leading compounds which can be used for developing new drugs. In addition, other biological activities reported and suggested by ethnopharmacological data have yet to be investigated and could be an interesting area in the search for new bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lúcia de Almeida
- Serviço de Fitoquímica e Prospecção Farmacêutica, Divisão de Ciência e Inovação, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Gontijo Silva
- Serviço de Fitoquímica e Prospecção Farmacêutica, Divisão de Ciência e Inovação, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréia Fonseca Silva
- Herbário PAMG, Departamento de Pesquisa, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Júlio César Dias Lopes
- Chemoinformatics group (NEQUIM), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Rosales PF, Marinho FF, Gower A, Chiarello M, Canci B, Roesch-Ely M, Paula FR, Moura S. Bio-guided search of active indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana catharinensis: Antitumour activity, toxicity in silico and molecular modelling studies. Bioorg Chem 2018; 85:66-74. [PMID: 30599414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Active plant metabolites have been used as prototype drugs. In this context, Tabernaemontana catharinensis (Apocynaceae) has been highlighted because of the presence of active indole alkaloids. Thus, this study aims the bio-guided search of T. catharinensis cytotoxic alkaloids. The chemical composition was identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry, and fractionation was performed by open column and preparative thin-layer chromatography, from plant stems. The enriched fractions were tested in vitro in tumour cells A375 (melanoma cell line) and A549 (adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells), and non-tumour Vero cells (African green monkey kidney epithelial cells). The alkaloids identified as active were submitted to in silico toxicity prediction by ADME-Tox and OSIRIS programs and, also, to molecular docking, using topoisomerase I (PDB ID: 1SC7) by iGEMDOCK. As a result, six sub-fractions were obtained, which were identified as containing 16-epi-affinine, 12-methoxy-n-methyl-voachalotine, affinisine, voachalotine, coronaridine hydroxyindoline and ibogamine, respectively. The affinisine-containing sub-fraction showed selective toxicity against A375, with an IC50 of 11.73 µg mL-1, and no cytotoxicity against normal cells (Vero). From the in silico toxicity test results, all indole alkaloid compounds had a low toxicity risk. The molecular docking data provided structural models and binding affinities of the plant's indole alkaloids and topoisomerase I. In summary, this bio-guided search revealed that the indole alkaloids from T. catharinensis display selective cytotoxicity in A375 tumour cells and toxicity in silico. Particularly, affinisine might be a chemotherapeutic for A375 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Fagundes Rosales
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
| | - Flavio Ferreira Marinho
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gower
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marilda Chiarello
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bianca Canci
- Laboratory of Genomics, Proteomics and DNA Repair, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Roesch-Ely
- Laboratory of Genomics, Proteomics and DNA Repair, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
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Ceravolo IP, Zani CL, Figueiredo FJB, Kohlhoff M, Santana AEG, Krettli AU. Aspidosperma pyrifolium, a medicinal plant from the Brazilian caatinga, displays a high antiplasmodial activity and low cytotoxicity. Malar J 2018; 17:436. [PMID: 30477525 PMCID: PMC6257952 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several species of Aspidosperma plants are referred to as remedies for the treatment of malaria, especially Aspidosperma nitidum. Aspidosperma pyrifolium, also a medicinal plant, is used as a natural anti-inflammatory. Its fractionated extracts were assayed in vitro for activity against malaria parasites and for cytotoxicity. Methods Aspidosperma pyrifolium activity was evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum using extracts in vitro. Toxicity towards human hepatoma cells, monkey kidney cells or human monocytes freshly isolated from peripheral blood was also assessed. Anti-malarial activity of selected extracts and fractions that presented in vitro activity were tested in mice with a Plasmodium berghei blood-induced infection. Results The crude stem bark extract and the alkaloid-rich and ethyl acetate fractions from stem extract showed in vitro activity. None of the crude extracts or fractions was cytotoxic to normal monkey kidney and to a human hepatoma cell lines, or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; the MDL50 values of all the crude bark extracts and fractions were similar or better when tested on normal cells, with the exception of organic and alkaloidic-rich fractions from stem extract. Two extracts and two fractions tested in vivo caused a significant reduction of P. berghei parasitaemia in experimentally infected mice. Conclusion Considering the high therapeutic index of the alkaloidic-rich fraction from stem extract of A. pyrifolium, it makes the species a candidate for further investigation aiming to produce a new anti-malarial, especially considering that the active extract has no toxicity, i.e., no mutagenic effects in the genototoxicity assays, and that it has an in vivo anti-malarial effect. In its UPLC-HRMS analysis this fraction was shown to have two major components compatible with the bisindole alkaloid Leucoridine B, and a novel compound, which is likely to be responsible for the activity against malaria parasites demonstrated in in vitro tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela P Ceravolo
- Experimental and Human Malaria Section, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.190-009, Brazil
| | - Carlos L Zani
- Chemistry of Natural Products Section, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.190-009, Brazil
| | - Flávio J B Figueiredo
- Experimental and Human Malaria Section, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.190-009, Brazil
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Chemistry of Natural Products Section, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.190-009, Brazil
| | - Antônio E G Santana
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil.
| | - Antoniana U Krettli
- Experimental and Human Malaria Section, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.190-009, Brazil.
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Mishra DP, Khan MA, Yadav DK, Rawat AK, Singh RK, Ahamad T, Hussain MK, Saquib M, Khan MF. Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids from Anthocephalus cadamba
Fruits Exhibiting Anticancer Activity in Human Lung Cancer Cell Line H1299. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Pratap Mishra
- Department of Applied Sciences & Humanity Rajkiya Engineering College; Ambedkar nagar-224122, UP India
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Chairman Research; Research Unit; Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital; Lucknow-226003, UP India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry; Mohanlal Sukhadia University; Udaipur-313001, Rajasthan India
| | - Arun Kumar Rawat
- Department of Biochemistry; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi-221005, UP India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi-221005, UP India
| | - Tanveer Ahamad
- Department of Biotechnology; Era Medical College & Hospital; Era University, Sarfarazganj; Lucknow-226003, UP India
| | - Mohd Kamil Hussain
- Department of Chemistry; Government Raza Post graduate College; Rampur-244901 India
| | - Mohammad Saquib
- Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad-211002, UP India
| | - Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology; Era Medical College & Hospital; Era University, Sarfarazganj; Lucknow-226003, UP India
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de Araújo DP, Nogueira PCN, Santos ADC, Costa RDO, de Lucena JD, Jataí Gadelha-Filho CV, Lima FAV, Neves KRT, Leal LKAM, Silveira ER, Viana GSB. Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart: neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a Parkinson's disease model in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:787-796. [PMID: 29490425 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aspidosperma species are used for several diseases, especially for malaria in Brazil. Although the genus is object of pharmacological studies, almost none are found on Aspidosperma pyrifolium. We investigate neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the APSE-Aq fraction (benzoic acid glycosylated derivative) on Parkinson's disease model. METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to a 6-hydroxydopamine injection into the right striatum and treated or not with APSE-Aq (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.). The sham-operated group was injected with saline. Two weeks later, animals were subjected to behavioural, neurochemical and immunohistochemical evaluation. The data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey test. KEY FINDINGS The APSE-Aq-treated group shows a partial recovery of behavioural changes as compared with the untreated-6-hydroxydopamine group. A partial recovery was also observed in nitrite contents and lipid peroxidation. APSE-Aq treatments significantly reversed decreases in striatal dopamine and metabolites in the untreated 6-hydroxydopamine group. Immunostainings for markers as tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter decreased in the untreated 6-hydroxydopamine group and values recovered after APSE-Aq treatments. Similar data were seen for TNF-alpha. CONCLUSION APSE-Aq presents neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Considering that APSE-Aq is chemically related to salicylic acid, it may act on similar targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayane P de Araújo
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,State University of Rio Grande do Norte
| | - Patrícia C N Nogueira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alan Diego C Santos
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Edilberto R Silveira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Glauce S B Viana
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Estácio of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
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Kalhor HR, Ashrafian H. Identification of an aspidospermine derivative from borage extract as an anti-amyloid compound: A possible link between protein aggregation and antimalarial drugs. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 140:134-140. [PMID: 28499255 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of human diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's have been linked to amyloid formation. To search for an anti-amyloidogenic product, alkaloid enriched extract from borage leaves was examined for anti-amyloidogenic activity using Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) as a model protein. After isolation of the plant extract using rHPLC, only one fraction indicated a significant bioactivity. TEM analysis confirmed a remarkable reduction of amyloid fibrils in the presence of the bioactive fraction. To identify the effective substance in the fraction, mass spectrometry, FTIR, and NMR were performed. Our analyses determined that the bioactive compound as 1-acetyl-19,21-epoxy-15,16-dimethoxyaspidospermidine-17-ol, a derivative of aspidospermine. To investigate the mechanism of the inhibition, ANS binding, intrinsic fluorescence, and amide I content were performed in the presence of the bioactive compound. All the results confirmed the role of the compound in assisting the proper folding of the protein. In addition, molecular docking indicated the aspidospermine derivative binds the amyloidogenic region of the protein. Our results show that the alkaloid extracted from borage leaves reduces protein aggregation mediating through structural elements of the protein, promoting the correct folding of lysozyme. Since a number of aspidospermine compounds have been shown to possess potent antimalarial activities, the action of compound identified in the present study suggests a possible link between protein aggregation and aspidospermine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R Kalhor
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ashrafian
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Dey A, Mukherjee A, Chaudhury M. Alkaloids From Apocynaceae. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63931-8.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pandey DK, Radha, Dey A. A validated and densitometric HPTLC method for the simultaneous quantification of reserpine and ajmalicine in Rauvolfia serpentina and Rauvolfia tetraphylla. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tang F, Banwell MG, Willis AC. Palladium-Catalyzed Ullmann Cross-Coupling/Tandem Reductive Cyclization Route to Key Members of the Uleine Alkaloid Family. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2950-7. [PMID: 26914482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The trisubstituted cyclohexenone 12, generated through a palladium-catalyzed Ullmann cross-coupling reaction between o-iodonitrobenzene and a 4,5-trans-disubstituted 2-iodo-2-cyclohexen-1-one, engaged in a tandem reductive cyclization process upon exposure to hydrogen gas in the presence of Raney cobalt. As a result, the 1,5-methanoazocino[4,3-b]indole 13 was obtained and this could be readily elaborated to the racemic modifications of the alkaloids uleine, dasycarpidone, noruleine, and nordasycarpidone (1-4, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony C Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Abe T, Ishikura M. Palladium-catalyzed Cross-coupling Reaction of Indolylborates and its Application for the Syntheses of Indole Alkaloids. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2016. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.74.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Minoru Ishikura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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Dolabela MF, Póvoa MM, Brandão GC, Rocha FD, Soares LF, de Paula RC, de Oliveira AB. Aspidosperma species as sources of anti-malarials: uleine is the major anti-malarial indole alkaloid from Aspidosperma parvifolium (Apocynaceae). Malar J 2015; 13 Suppl 1:498. [PMID: 26655827 PMCID: PMC4676157 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several species of the genus Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae) are used for the treatment of human malaria in Brazil and other meso- and South American countries. METHODS Ethanol extract from Aspidosperma parvifolium trunk bark was submitted to acid-base extractions leading to alkaloid and neutral fractions. The alkaloid fraction was chromatographed over a silica gel column. Ethanol extract, fractions and uleine were analysed by HPLC-DAD, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and HPLC-ESI-MicroTOF-MS. The anti-malarial activity was assayed against resistant and sensitive chloroquine Plasmodium falciparum strains by microscopic, [(3)H]-hypoxanthine incorporation and HRPII techniques. Cytotoxicity (CC50) was evaluated against Vero and HepG2 cell lines by the MTT technique; selectivity indexes (SI = CC50/IC50) were calculated. RESULTS The major peak in the HPLC-DAD chromatograms of the ethanol extract, alkaloid and neutral fractions suggested the presence of uleine that was isolated from the alkaloid fraction by column chromatography and was characterized by spectroscopic methods. A total of 15 alkaloids, besides uleine, were identified in the alkaloid fraction by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and HPLC-ESI-MicroTOF-MS. The ethanol extract from Aspidosperma parvifolium and the neutral fraction were moderately active against P. falciparum strains. The alkaloid fraction and uleine disclosed high anti-malarial activity against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum strain (IC50 < 1 µg/mL). The ethanol extract, neutral fraction and uleine showed low cytotoxicity against Vero and HepG2 cell lines (CC50 > 300 µg/mL). The alkaloid fraction showed moderate cytotoxicity to HepG2 cell line (CC50 = 74.4 µg/mL). High SI values (>10) were determined for all samples. CONCLUSION Ethanol extract from Aspidosperma parvifolium trunk bark afforded uleine that is the major constituent of the alkaloid fraction and disclosed a good in vitro anti-malarial activity. Moreover, 15 other indole alkaloids have been identified along with uleine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fâni Dolabela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Marinete Marins Póvoa
- Laboratório de Malária, Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Br-316, Km 7, s/n, B. Levilândia, Ananindeua, PA, CEP 67030-000, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo Célio Brandão
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Dutra Rocha
- Faculdade de Farmácia e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 38036-900, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Ferreira Soares
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Renata Cristina de Paula
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Alaíde Braga de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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