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Lu L, Chen Y. Association Between Suboptimal Health Status and Health-Related Productivity Loss in Primary Healthcare Workers in China: a Cross-Sectional Survey. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:1349-1359. [PMID: 38803623 PMCID: PMC11129702 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s456058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to clarify the association between suboptimal health status and health-related productivity loss among primary healthcare workers in China. Material and Methods A field questionnaire survey was conducted with a multistage sampling among primary healthcare workers. The data on sub-health and health-related productivity loss were collected using the Sub-health Measurement Scale Version 1.0 and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health, respectively. Ordinary least squares regression was used to evaluate the association of the suboptimal health and health-related productivity loss. Subgroup analyses were performed by occupation (physician and nurse). Results Front-line primary healthcare workers (N = 1709) from 31 provinces in China responded to the survey. Of all participants, 73.43% experienced suboptimal health. The status of being in physical suboptimal health (Coef. = 0.050, p < 0.001, 95% CI = [0.031,0.070]) and mental suboptimal health (Coef. = 0.040, p < 0.001, 95% CI = [0.020,0.059]) status exerted significant effect on the extent of health-related productivity loss among primary healthcare workers in China. Nurses in social adaptation suboptimal health status (Coef. = 0.030, p = 0.027, 95% CI = [0.003,0.057]) had significant effect on health-related productivity loss. Conclusion The prevalence of suboptimal health is high among the respondents. Providing support for primary healthcare workers from bio-psycho-social aspects is an effective measure to promote their occupational health and improve their productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lu
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfa Chen
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Wen T, Liu X, Pang T, Li M, Jiao G, Fan X, Tang J, Zhang C, Wang Z, Yue X, Chen W, Zhang F. The Efficacy of Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganjiang Decoction on Chronic Non-Atrophic Gastritis with Gallbladder Heat and Spleen Cold Syndrome and Its Metabolomic Analysis: An Observational Controlled Before-After Clinical Trial. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:881-897. [PMID: 38529263 PMCID: PMC10962469 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s446336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness and explore the mechanism of Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganjiang decoction (CGGD) in the treatment of chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CNAG) with gallbladder heat and spleen cold syndrome (GHSC) by metabolomics based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Patients and Methods An observational controlled before-after study was conducted to verify the effectiveness of CGGD in the treatment of CNAG with GHSC from January to June 2023, enrolling 27 patients, who took CGGD for 28 days. 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled as the controls. The efficacy was evaluated by comparing the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome and CNAG scores, and clinical parameters before and after treatment. The plasma levels of hormones related to gastrointestinal function were collected by ELISA. The mechanisms of CGGD in the treatment of CNAG with GHSC were explored using a metabolomic approach based on UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Results Patients treated with CGGD experienced a statistically significant improvement in TCM syndrome and CNAG scores (p < 0.01). CGGD treatment evoked the concentration alteration of 15 biomarkers, which were enriched in the glycerophospholipid metabolism, and branched-chain amino acids biosynthesis pathways. Moreover, CGGD treatment attenuated the abnormalities of the gastrointestinal hormone levels and significantly increased the pepsinogen level. Conclusion It was the first time that this clinical trial presented detailed data on the clinical parameters that demonstrated the effectiveness of CGGD in the treatment of CNAG with GHSC patients. This study also provided supportive evidence that CNAG with GHSC patients were associated with disturbed branched-chain amino acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid levels, suggesting that CNAG treatment based on TCM syndrome scores was reasonable and also provided a potential pharmacological mechanism of action of CGGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Oncology-Department, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyang Jiao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangcheng Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jigui Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ci’an Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Wang J, Wang Y, Guo Z, Lin Z, Jin X, Niu H, Wu Y, Tang L, Hou H. Influence of lifestyle on suboptimal health: Insights from a national cross-sectional survey in China. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04151. [PMID: 37974435 PMCID: PMC10654550 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a non-clinical or pre-disease state between optimal/ideal health and disease. While its etiology remains unclear, lifestyle is considered one of the most important risk factors. We aimed to examine the effects of lifestyles on SHS through a nationwide survey in China. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 148 cities across China between 20 June and 31 August 2022, on 30 505 participants from rural and urban communities gathered through stratified quota sampling. We measured SHS with the Short-Form Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire (SHSQ-SF). We gathered information on participants' lifestyles (ie, smoking, alcohol consumption, breakfast habits, weekly food delivery frequency, intermittent fasting, sleep duration and physical activities) through face-to-face interview. We determined the relationship between lifestyle and SHS logistic regression analysis by based on odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results We included 22 897 participants (female: 13 056, male: 9841), 12 108 (52.88%) of whom reported exposure to SHS. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, individuals who currently smoked (OR = 1.165; 95% CI = 1.058-1.283) and those who drank alcohol (OR = 1.483; 95% CI = 1.377.1.596) were at a higher risk of SHS than those who have never done either. In a dose-response way, takeaway food consumption was associated with a higher risk of SHS, while increased frequency of breakfast and mild-intensity exercise conversely reduced said risk. Individuals with shorter sleep duration had a higher risk of SHS when compared to those who slept for more than seven hours per day. Conclusions We observed a relatively high prevalence of SHS across China, highlighting the importance of lifestyle in health promotion. Specifically, adopting healthy dietary habits, engaging in regular physical activity, and ensuring high-quality sleep are key in preventing SHS. Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200061046).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Zi Lin
- Taian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Xiangqian Jin
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Niu
- Taian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Tang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, China
| | - Haifeng Hou
- School of Public Health and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
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Wang Y, Lou J, Li J, Shi Y, Jiang T, Tu L, Xu J. Relationship chains of subhealth physical examination indicators: a cross-sectional study using the PLS-SEM approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13640. [PMID: 37608032 PMCID: PMC10444823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Subhealth is a transitional state between health and disease, and it can be detected through routine physical check-ups. However, the complexity and diversity of physical examination items and the difficulty of quantifying subhealth manifestations are the main problems that hinder its treatment. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the physical examination performance of the subhealthy population and further explore the deeper relationships between indicators. Indicators were obtained for 878 subjects, including basic information, Western medicine indicators, inquiries of traditional Chinese medicine and sublingual vein (SV) characteristics. Statistical differences were analysed using R software. To explore the distribution of symptoms and symptom clusters in subhealth, partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to the subhealth physical examination index, and a structural model was developed to verify whether the relationship chain between the latent variables was reasonable. Finally, the reliability and validity of the PLS-SE model were assessed. The most common subclinical clinical symptoms were limb soreness (37.6%), fatigue (31.6%), shoulder and neck pain (30.5%) and dry eyes (29.2%). The redness of the SV in the subhealthy group was paler than that in the healthy group (p < 0.001). This study validates the establishment of the directed acyclic relationship chain in the subhealthy group: the path from routine blood tests to lipid metabolism (t = 7.878, p < 0.001), the path from lipid metabolism to obesity (t = 8.410, p < 0.001), the path from obesity to SV characteristics (t = 2.237, p = 0.025), and the path from liver function to SV characteristics (t = 2.215, p = 0.027). The innovative application of PLS-SEM to the study of subhealth has revealed the existence of a chain of relationships between physical examination indicators, which will provide a basis for further exploration of subhealth mechanisms and causal inference. This study has identified the typical symptoms of subhealth, and their early management will help to advance the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jindi Lou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Shi
- Experiment Center For Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Tu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiatuo Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
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Guo Z, Wen J, Zheng D, Yulu Z, Hou H, Wang W. Proposing an avenue for suboptimal health research through the lens of tourism. J Glob Health 2022; 12:03058. [PMID: 36065526 PMCID: PMC9445567 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Guo
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Jun Wen
- School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Danni Zheng
- Department of Tourism, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Yulu
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Haifeng Hou
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University &
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University &
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Xue Y, Huang Z, Liu G, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Xu M, Jiang L, Li W, Xu J. Associations of environment and lifestyle factors with suboptimal health status: a population-based cross-sectional study in urban China. Global Health 2021; 17:86. [PMID: 34321024 PMCID: PMC8320221 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suboptimal health status (SHS), an intermediate state between chronic disease and health, is characterized by chronic fatigue, non-specific pain, headaches, dizziness, anxiety, depression, and functional system disorders with a high prevalence worldwide. Although some lifestyle factors (e.g. smoking, alcohol consumption, physical exercise) and environmental factors (e.g. air quality, noise, living conditions) have already been studied, few studies can comprehensively illustrate the associations of lifestyle and environment factors with general, physical, mental, and social SHS. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 6750 urban residents aged 14 years or over in five random cities from September 2017 to September 2018 through face-to-face questionnaires. There were 5881 valid questionnaires with a response rate of 87%. A general linear model and structural equation model were developed to quantify the effects of lifestyle behaviors and environment factors on SHS. RESULTS The detection rates of general, physical, mental, and social SHS were 66.7, 67.0, 65.5, and 70.0%, respectively. Good lifestyle behaviors and favorable environment factors positively affected SHS (P < 0.001). Lifestyle behaviors had the largest effect on physical SHS (β = - 0.418), but the least on social SHS (β = - 0.274). Environment factors had the largest effect on mental SHS (β = 0.286), but the least on physical SHS (β = 0.225). CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle behaviors and environment factors were important influencing factors of SHS. Physical SHS was more associated with lifestyle. Lifestyle and environment were similarly associated with mental and social SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlian Xue
- Department of Operation Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, GD 20, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhuomin Huang
- Department of Operation Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, GD 20, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guihao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- Department of Operation Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, GD 20, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yefang Feng
- Department of Operation Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, GD 20, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Department of Operation Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, GD 20, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- Department of Operation Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, GD 20, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Health Services Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Hospital Administrative Office, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, GD 20, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Operation Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, GD 20, Guangdong Province, China.
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Jairoun AA, Al-Hemyari SS, El-Dahiyat F, Hassali MA, Shahwan M, Al Ani MR, Jabbar HA. Suboptimal Health, Dietary Supplementation, and Public Health Approaches to Regulatory Challenges in Dubai. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 11:2150132720911303. [PMID: 32111128 PMCID: PMC7052461 DOI: 10.1177/2150132720911303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Presently, limited data are available on dietary
supplements (DSs) and their associated effects on health status although the
consumption of DS continues to expand. This study is aimed to explore the
possible relationship between DSs consumption and suboptimal health status (SHS)
in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: This study was a
cross-sectional research held among a sample of citizens and residents in the
Emirate of Dubai in the UAE using a well-structured, self-administered,
anonymous survey. Frequency tables, odds ratios, and confidence intervals were
generated during the data analysis using SPSS version 23. Results:
A total of 618 participants were enrolled in this study and fully completed the
questionnaire. In this study, 317 participants (51.3%) (95% CI: 47.3%-55.3%)
reported the use of DS products. A significant association between DS
consumption and suboptimal health status was detected (P <
.001). DS consumers had a 1.5-fold increased odds of suboptimal health status
when compared with non-DS consumers (95% CI 1.4-1.7). Conclusion:
The findings of this study suggest a need to develop policies and programs that
will help minimize the risk of possible adverse events that are associated with
the utilization of DSs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamed Azmi Hassali
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
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Kung YY, Kuo TBJ, Lai CT, Shen YC, Su YC, Yang CCH. Disclosure of suboptimal health status through traditional Chinese medicine-based body constitution and pulse patterns. Complement Ther Med 2020; 56:102607. [PMID: 33220452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a dynamic state wherein people have not been diagnosed with a disease but tend to develop diseases. People with SHS often experience fatigue and other nonspecific symptoms, which are related to a deviated body constitution in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the correlation between TCM constitution and SHS has not been adequately investigated. Furthermore, no study has explored the radial pulse analysis-an assistive objective indicator of TCM constitution-in healthy people and people with SHS. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS/LOCATION Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan. SUBJECTS Sixty-six adults (27 healthy participants and 39 participants with SHS) who were aged 20-39 years. OUTCOME MEASURES The body constitution questionnaire (BCQ) scores, suboptimal health status questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25) scores, and radial pulse waves detected using sphygmography were recorded. Pulse wave analyses are presented as the ratio of frequency below 10 Hz to that above 10 Hz (SER10), which represent energy changes in organ blood flow. RESULTS Participants with SHS had significantly higher Yang-Xu, Yin-Xu, and stasis scores of BCQ compared with healthy participants. The SHSQ-25 scores of the participants with SHS were moderately correlated with their Yang-Xu, Yin-Xu, and stasis scores (r = 0.65, 0.66, and 0.72, respectively; all p < 0.001), but weak correlations were discovered for healthy participants. The participants with SHS had significantly higher SER10 at the left guan (the "liver" system in TCM) than did the healthy participants. CONCLUSIONS SHS is moderately correlated with TCM-based constitution and those with SHS had increased SER10 at the leftguan of the radial pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ying Kung
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Terry B J Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chun-Ting Lai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yi-Chang Su
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Cheryl C H Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Sleep Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Xue Y, Liu G, Feng Y, Xu M, Jiang L, Lin Y, Xu J. Mediating effect of health consciousness in the relationship of lifestyle and suboptimal health status: a cross-sectional study involving Chinese urban residents. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039701. [PMID: 33109672 PMCID: PMC7592276 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suboptimal health status (SHS), a third state between good health and disease, can easily develop into chronic diseases, and can be influenced by lifestyle and health consciousness. No study has surveyed the intermediation of health consciousness on the relationship between lifestyle and SHS. This study aimed to analyse the association of lifestyle and SHS, and intermediation of health consciousness in Chinese urban residents. DESIGN A cross-sectional face-to-face survey using a four-stage stratified sampling method. PARTICIPANTS We investigated 5803 Chinese urban residents aged 18 years and over. We measured SHS using the Sub-Health Measurement Scale V1.0. We adopted a structural equation model to analyse relationships among lifestyle, health consciousness and SHS. We applied a bootstrapping method to estimate the mediation effect of health consciousness. RESULTS Lifestyle had stronger indirect associations with physical (β -0.185, 95% CI -0.228 to -0.149), mental (β -0.224, 95% CI -0.265 to -0.186) and social SHS (β -0.216, 95% CI -0.257 to -0.179) via health consciousness than direct associations of physical (β -0.144, 95% CI -0.209 to -0.081), mental (β -0.146, 95% CI -0.201 to -0.094) and social SHS (β -0.130, 95% CI -0.181 to -0.077). Health consciousness has a strong direct association with physical (β 0.360, 95% CI 0.295 to 0.427), mental (β 0.452, 95% CI 0.392 to 0.510) and social SHS (β 0.434, 95% CI 0.376 to 0.490). Ratio of mediating effect of health consciousness to direct effect of lifestyle with physical, mental and social SHS was 1.28, 1.53 and 1.66, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Health consciousness was more important in preventing physical, mental and social SHS than lifestyle. Therefore, it might be useful in changing unhealthy lifestyle and reducing the influence of poor lifestyle on physical, mental and social SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlian Xue
- Department of Sanitation Economy Administration, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yefang Feng
- Department of Sanitation Economy Administration, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Department of Sanitation Economy Administration, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- Department of Sanitation Economy Administration, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi Lin
- Department of Sanitation Economy Administration, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Sanitation Economy Administration, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Prevalence of Suboptimal Health Status and the Relationships between Suboptimal Health Status and Lifestyle Factors among Chinese Adults Using a Multi-Level Generalized Estimating Equation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030763. [PMID: 31991741 PMCID: PMC7038125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of suboptimal health among Chinese adults based on a large-scale national survey and clarified the relationship between suboptimal health and lifestyle factors. We used multi-level generalized estimating equation models to examine the relationships between suboptimal health and lifestyle factors. Of the 48,978 respondents, 34,021 reported one or more suboptimal health symptoms, giving a suboptimal health status prevalence of 69.46%. After controlling for the cluster effect of living areas and confounding effect of demographic characteristics, factors associated with suboptimal health were: current smoking (odds ratio (OR) = 1.083, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.055-1.111), drinking alcohol (OR = 1.075, 95% CI: 1.025-1.127), family history of disease (OR = 1.203, 95% CI: 1.055-1.111), sleeping <6 h per day (OR = 1.235, 95% CI: 1.152-1.256), poor sleep quality (OR = 1.594, 95% CI: 1.515-1.676), stress (OR = 1.588, 95% CI: 1.496-1.686), negative life events (OR = 1.114, 95% CI: 1.045-1.187), unhealthy diet choices (OR = 1.093, 95% CI: 1.033-1.156), and not regularly having meals at fixed hours (OR = 1.231, 95% CI: 1.105-1.372). Respondents who exercised regularly had lower odds of having suboptimal health status (OR = 0.913, 95% CI: 0.849-0.983). Suboptimal health has become a serious public health challenge in China. The health status of the population could be effectively improved by improving lifestyle behaviors.
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Tian JS, Meng Y, Wu YF, Zhao L, Xiang H, Jia JP, Qin XM. A novel insight into the underlying mechanism of Baihe Dihuang Tang improving the state of psychological suboptimal health subjects obtained from plasma metabolic profiles and network analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 169:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Bi JL, Chen J, Sun XM, Nie XL, Liu YY, Luo R, Zhao XS. The development and evaluation of a sub-health self-rating scale for university students in China. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:330. [PMID: 30898160 PMCID: PMC6429791 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sub-health status is defined as declines in vitality, physiological function and capacity for adaptation, but without the presence of clinical or sub-clinical disease. We have developed and evaluated a comprehensive questionnaire, the Sub-Health Self-Rating Scale (SSS), to assess sub-health status in university students. Method The items for the draft questionnaire were discussed in focus groups. The WHOQOL-BREF was selected as the validity reference. From a professional perspective and large sample evaluation, the scale ultimately consisted of 58 items. The reliability and validity of the SSS was examined in undergraduate students and 1000 questionnaires were randomly selected from the samples for expert evaluation. Results Cronbach’s α of the total scale was 0.942. The dimensions of physiological, psychological and social had high reliability: 0.915, 0.856 and 0.850, respectively. Based on scree plot and related theories, there were 10 factors to be extracted. The correlation coefficient between the total scale and sub-scale was high. The dimensions of physiological, psychological and social had high correlations with the total scale: 0.929, 0.803 and 0.774, respectively. The sub-health cut-off point of the total scale was 72; for the physiological field, it was 72; for the psychological field, it was 60; and the social field, it was 56. The fit between the expert evaluation method and the scale method was 0.758. The lower the score, the worse the health condition. Conclusion We established and evaluated a valid instrument (SSS) that encompasses physiological, psychological and social factors to investigate sub-health status. It is short and easy to complete, and therefore suitable for use with undergraduate students. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6650-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lu Bi
- Endocrinology Department, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Hospital of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Min Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Li Nie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ren Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Ma C, Xu W, Zhou L, Ma S, Wang Y. Association between lifestyle factors and suboptimal health status among Chinese college freshmen: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:105. [PMID: 29304856 PMCID: PMC5755159 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-5002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suboptimal health status (SHS) is the third state between good health and disease. SHS is the clinical or pre-disease status of psychosomatic disease and a major global public health challenge. Although its underlying causes remain unclear, lifestyle is one of the most important factors affecting health status. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Renmin University of China in September of 2015. Data were collected from college freshmen using a questionnaire covering characteristics, lifestyle, nutrition status, and health status. A total of 6025 questionnaires were distributed during the study period, and 5344 completed responses were received. Results The prevalence rates for the “healthy,” “SHS,” and “disease” groups of college freshmen were 46.7% (2433), 51.2% (2667), and 2.1% (111), respectively. It is notable that health status was significantly positively correlated with lifestyle (Spearman’s r = 0.4435, p < 0.001). The multivariate Logistic regression results showed that students who were relatively younger and students from rural areas had a higher percentage of SHS. Good sleep quality (aOR = 0.650, 95%CI = 0.612–0.690), abundant physical exercise (aOR = 0.889, 95%CI = 0.845–0.933), and adequate nutrition intake (aOR = 0.868, 95%CI = 0.864–0.908) are negatively associated with SHS. Overuse of electronic devices (aOR = 1.066, 95%CI = 1.013–1.121), smoking (aOR = 1.824, 95%CI = 1.195–2.755), and weight loss (aOR = 1.255, 95%CI = 1.043–1.509) are positively associated with SHS. Conclusions Poor lifestyle behaviors are associated with SHS. In particular, the overuse of electronic devices is one of underlying causes of SHS. By altering lifestyle behaviors for the better, the health statuses of these college freshmen can be effectively improved. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-5002-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjin Ma
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wangli Xu
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Long Zhou
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangge Ma
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Applied Statistics and School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
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Dunstan RH, Sparkes DL, Macdonald MM, De Jonge XJ, Dascombe BJ, Gottfries J, Gottfries CG, Roberts TK. Diverse characteristics of the urinary excretion of amino acids in humans and the use of amino acid supplementation to reduce fatigue and sub-health in adults. Nutr J 2017; 16:19. [PMID: 28330481 PMCID: PMC5363000 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The excretion of amino acids in urine represents an important avenue for the loss of key nutrients. Some amino acids such as glycine and histidine are lost in higher abundance than others. These two amino acids perform important physiological functions and are required for the synthesis of key proteins such as haemoglobin and collagen. Methods Stage 1 of this study involved healthy subjects (n = 151) who provided first of the morning urine samples and completed symptom questionnaires. Urine was analysed for amino acid composition by gas chromatography. Stage 2 involved a subset of the initial cohort (n = 37) who completed a 30 day trial of an amino acid supplement and subsequent symptom profile evaluation. Results Analyses of urinary amino acid profiles revealed that three groups could be objectively defined from the 151 participants using k-means clustering. The amino acid profiles were significantly different between each of the clusters (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.13, p < 0.0001). Cluster 1 had the highest loss of amino acids with histidine being the most abundant component. Cluster 2 had glycine present as the most abundant urinary amino acid and cluster 3 had equivalent abundances of glycine and histidine. Strong associations were observed between urinary proline concentrations and fatigue/pain scores (r = .56 to .83) for females in cluster 1, with several other differential sets of associations observed for the other clusters. Conclusions Different phenotypic subsets exist in the population based on amino acid excretion characteristics found in urine. Provision of the supplement resulted in significant improvements in reported fatigue and sleep for 81% of the trial cohort with all females reporting improvements in fatigue. Trial registration The study was registered on the 18th April 2011 with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12611000403932).
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Dunstan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
| | - D L Sparkes
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - M M Macdonald
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - X Janse De Jonge
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
| | | | - J Gottfries
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C-G Gottfries
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T K Roberts
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Discovery, screening and evaluation of a plasma biomarker panel for subjects with psychological suboptimal health state using (1)H-NMR-based metabolomics profiles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33820. [PMID: 27650680 PMCID: PMC5030673 DOI: 10.1038/srep33820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals in the state of psychological suboptimal health keep increasing, only scales and questionnaires were used to diagnose in clinic under current conditions, and symptoms of high reliability and accuracy are destitute. Therefore, the noninvasive and precise laboratory diagnostic methods are needed. This study aimed to develop an objective method through screen potential biomarkers or a biomarker panel to facilitate the diagnosis in clinic using plasma metabolomics. Profiles were based on H-nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) metabolomics techniques combing with multivariate statistical analysis. Furthermore, methods of correlation analysis with Metaboanalyst 3.0 for selecting a biomarker panel, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) drug intervention for validating the close relations between the biomarker panel and the state and the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves) analysis for evaluation of clinical diagnosis ability were carried out. 9 endogenous metabolites containing trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), glutamine, N-acetyl-glycoproteins, citrate, tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine and glucose were identified and considered as potential biomarkers. Then a biomarker panel consisting of phenylalanine, glutamine, tyrosine, citrate, N-acetyl-glycoproteins and TMAO was selected, which exhibited the highest area under the curve (AUC = 0.971). This study provided critical insight into the pathological mechanism of psychological suboptimal health and would supply a novel and valuable diagnostic method.
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Dunstan R, Sparkes D, Dascombe B, Evans C, Macdonald M, Crompton M, Franks J, Murphy G, Gottfries J, Carlton B, Roberts T. Sweat facilitated losses of amino acids in Standardbred horses and the application of supplementation strategies to maintain condition during training. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/cep150027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the amino acid composition of horse sweat, but significant fluid losses can occur during exercise with the potential to facilitate substantial nutrient losses. Sweat and plasma amino acid compositions for Standardbred horses were assessed to determine losses during a standardised training regime. Two cohorts of horses 2013 (n=5) and 2014 (n=6) were assessed to determine baseline levels of plasma and sweat amino acids. An amino acid supplement designed to counter losses in sweat during exercise was provided after morning exercise daily for 5 weeks (2013, n=5; 2014, n=4). After the supplementation period, blood and sweat samples were collected to assess amino acid composition changes. From baseline assessments of sweat in both cohorts, it was found that serine, glutamic acid, histidine and phenylalanine were present at up to 9 times the corresponding plasma concentrations and aspartic acid at 0-2.2 μmol/l in plasma was measured at 154-262 μmol/l in sweat. In contrast, glutamine, asparagine, methionine and cystine were conserved in the plasma by having lower concentrations in the sweat. The predominant plasma amino acids were glycine, glutamine, alanine, valine, serine, lysine and leucine. As the sweat amino acid profile did not simply reflect plasma composition, it was proposed that mechanisms exist to generate high concentrations of certain amino acids in sweat whilst selectively preventing the loss of others. The estimated amino acid load in 16 l of circulating plasma was 3.8-4.3 g and the calculated loss via sweat during high intensity exercise was 1.6-3.0 g. Following supplementation, total plasma amino acid levels from both cohorts increased from initial levels of 2,293 and 2,044 µmol/l to post-supplementation levels of 2,674 and 2,663 µmol/l respectively (P<0.05). It was concluded that the strategy of providing free amino acids immediately after exercise resulted in raising resting plasma amino acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.H. Dunstan
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - D.L. Sparkes
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - B.J. Dascombe
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, 10 Chittaway Road, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
| | - C.A. Evans
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - M.M. Macdonald
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - M. Crompton
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - J. Franks
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - G. Murphy
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - J. Gottfries
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 100, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B. Carlton
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - T.K. Roberts
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University Dr, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Zhao R, Hao W, Ma B, Chen Z. Improvement effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on sub-health mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:1245-52. [PMID: 26877856 PMCID: PMC4744366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sub-health has been described as a chronic condition of unexplained deteriorated physiological function, which falls between health and illness. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a polysaccharide fraction purified from Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum) on the sub-health mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sub-health model mice were built through compound factors. The mice were given intragastric administration of LBP at low dose (50 mg•kg-1) and high dose (100 mg•kg-1), respectively. After LBP treatment for 4 weeks, the antioxidant ability, enhancing immune function and anti-fatigue activity were detected. RESULTS The results showed that LBP could enhance antioxidant ability in sub-health mice. LBP could effectively improve immunity of sub-health mice and protect the immune organs, such as thymus. In addition, LBP showed anti-fatigue ability in sub-health mice. CONCLUSION LBP could improve sub-health state caused from composite factor through three aspects, such as increasing antioxidant ability, promoting T lymphocyte proliferation, inhibiting thymus lymphocyte apoptosis, and alleviating fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, 163319, P.R. China,Corresponding author: Rui Zhao. Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, 163319, P. R. China. Tel/Fax: +86-459-6363933;
| | - Wenli Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Baoling Ma
- Department of physical education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, 360 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P.R. China
| | - Zhibao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, 163319, P.R. China
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Effects of TCMC on Transformation of Good Health Status to Suboptimal Health Status: A Nested Case-Control Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:259727. [PMID: 26346320 PMCID: PMC4543579 DOI: 10.1155/2015/259727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effects of traditional Chinese medicine constitution (TCMC) on transformation of good health status to suboptimal health status (SHS), we conducted a nested case-control study among college students in China. During the 18-month mean follow-up time, 543 cases of SHS (42.7%) occurred in 1273 healthy students. There was a significant (P = 0.000) and marked reduction in SHMS V1.0 total score in the case group at the 18-month follow-up (69.32 ± 5.45) compared with baseline (78.60 ± 4.70), but there was no significant change in the control group. Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that respondents reporting Yin-deficiency and Qi-deficiency were, respectively, 2.247 and 2.198 times more likely to develop SHS, while tendency to Yin-deficiency and tendency to Damp-heat were, respectively, 1.642 and 1.506 times more likely to develop SHS. However, the Balanced Constitution was a significant protective factor (OR 0.649; P < 0.05). Altogether, these findings demonstrate that Yin-deficiency, Qi-deficiency, tendency to Yin-deficiency, and tendency to Damp-heat appeared to induce a change in health status to SHS, while the Balanced Constitution seemed to restrain this change. We conclude that regulating the unbalanced TCMC (such as Yin-deficiency and Qi-deficiency) may prevent a healthy status developing into SHS or lead to the regression of SHS.
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Bi J, Huang Y, Xiao Y, Cheng J, Li F, Wang T, Chen J, Wu L, Liu Y, Luo R, Zhao X. Association of lifestyle factors and suboptimal health status: a cross-sectional study of Chinese students. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005156. [PMID: 24951109 PMCID: PMC4067885 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suboptimal health status (SHS) is considered to be an intermediate status between disease and health, and is characterised by a decline in vitality, in physiological function and in the capacity for adaptation. Although the incidence of SHS is high, the underlying causes remain unclear. Lifestyle is one of the most important factors affecting health status; however, the relationship between SHS and lifestyle has not been elucidated. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING A questionnaire, based on 'Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II)' and 'Sub-Health Measurement Scale V1.0 (SHMS V1.0)', was sent to four colleges in four districts (Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhanjiang and Shaoguan) of China between May and July 2013. PARTICIPANTS A total of 12 429 questionnaires were distributed during the study period, and 11 144 completed responses were received. RESULTS The prevalence rates for the 'healthy', 'SHS' and 'disease' groups of respondents (students) were 22.81% (2542), 55.9% (6234) and 21.25% (2368), respectively. Most of the students reported a 'moderate' or 'good' lifestyle. There were significant differences in lifestyle and health status between the two genders. It was notable that health status was significantly positively correlated with lifestyle (r=0.563). For every dimension of the HPLP-II model, the mean values were lower for those participants who reported as 'SHS' or 'disease' than for those who reported that they were 'healthy'. The individual dimensions of the HPLP-II model, including 'spiritual growth', 'health responsibility', 'physical activity', 'interpersonal relations' and 'stress management' were all related to SHS. CONCLUSIONS Health status is significantly positively correlated with lifestyle. Poor lifestyle is a risk factor for SHS. Conversely, adopting a healthier lifestyle can improve SHS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-OCH-12002317.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlu Bi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya Xiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingru Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieyu Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuguo Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Rheumatic diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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