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García-Luna MA, Jimenez-Olmedo JM, Pueo B, Manchado C, Cortell-Tormo JM. Concurrent Validity of the Ergotex Device for Measuring Low Back Posture. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:98. [PMID: 38275578 PMCID: PMC10812927 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Highlighting the crucial role of monitoring and quantifying lumbopelvic rhythm for spinal curvature, the Ergotex IMU, a portable, lightweight, cost-effective, and energy-efficient technology, has been specifically designed for the pelvic and lumbar area. This study investigates the concurrent validity of the Ergotex device in measuring sagittal pelvic tilt angle. We utilized an observational, repeated measures design with healthy adult males (mean age: 39.3 ± 7.6 y, body mass: 82.2 ± 13.0 kg, body height: 179 ± 8 cm), comparing Ergotex with a 3D optical tracking system. Participants performed pelvic tilt movements in anterior, neutral, and posterior conditions. Statistical analysis included paired samples t-tests, Bland-Altman plots, and regression analysis. The findings show minimal systematic error (0.08° overall) and high agreement between the Ergotex and optical tracking, with most data points falling within limits of agreement of Bland-Altman plots (around ±2°). Significant differences were observed only in the anterior condition (0.35°, p < 0.05), with trivial effect sizes (ES = 0.08), indicating that these differences may not be clinically meaningful. The high Pearson's correlation coefficients across conditions underscore a robust linear relationship between devices (r > 0.9 for all conditions). Regression analysis showed a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 1.1° with small effect (standardized SEE < 0.26 for all conditions), meaning that the expected average deviation from the true value is around 1°. These findings validate the Ergotex as an effective, portable, and cost-efficient tool for assessing sagittal pelvic tilt, with practical implications in clinical and sports settings where traditional methods might be impractical or costly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. García-Luna
- Health, Physical Activity, and Sports Technology Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (M.A.G.-L.); (B.P.), (J.M.C.-T.)
| | - Jose M. Jimenez-Olmedo
- Health, Physical Activity, and Sports Technology Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (M.A.G.-L.); (B.P.), (J.M.C.-T.)
| | - Basilio Pueo
- Health, Physical Activity, and Sports Technology Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (M.A.G.-L.); (B.P.), (J.M.C.-T.)
| | - Carmen Manchado
- Sports Coaching and Performance Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain;
| | - Juan M. Cortell-Tormo
- Health, Physical Activity, and Sports Technology Research Group, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (M.A.G.-L.); (B.P.), (J.M.C.-T.)
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Patti A, Giustino V, Messina G, Figlioli F, Cataldi S, Poli L, Belmonte G, Valenza A, Amato A, Thomas E, Rutkowska I, Esteban-García P, Palma A, Bianco A. Effects of Cycling on Spine: A Case-Control Study Using a 3D Scanning Method. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:227. [PMID: 37999444 PMCID: PMC10675153 DOI: 10.3390/sports11110227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the effects of adopting a specific and prolonged posture on cyclists. This study aimed to evaluate the upright spine in a sample of recreational cyclists and compare it with a sample of non-cyclists, though still athletes, through a 3D scanning method. METHODS Forty-eight participants were enrolled in this observational study. The sample consisted of 25 cyclists for the cycling group and 23 non-cyclist athletes for the control group. The Spine3D device (Sensor Medica, Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy) was used to evaluate the spine of the participants in both groups. RESULTS The results showed significantly greater spine inclination in the cycling group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in lumbar lordosis in the cycling group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This case-control study raises the possibility that the onset of lower back pain in cyclists may be due to a reduction in lumbar lordosis. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the Spine3D device can be used in sports to monitor the spine of athletes to prevent and reduce musculoskeletal deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Patti
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (V.G.); (E.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Valerio Giustino
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (V.G.); (E.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Messina
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, 00133 Rome, Italy
- PLab Research Institute, 90131 Palermo, Italy
| | - Flavia Figlioli
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (V.G.); (E.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy (L.P.)
| | - Luca Poli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy (L.P.)
| | - Giacomo Belmonte
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (V.G.); (E.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Valenza
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (V.G.); (E.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (V.G.); (E.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Izabela Rutkowska
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paula Esteban-García
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, PerlaSport Group, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science, University of Castilla la Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Antonio Palma
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (V.G.); (E.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (V.G.); (E.T.); (A.B.)
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Ruiz-Malagón EJ, García-Pinillos F, Molina-Molina A, Soto-Hermoso VM, Ruiz-Alias SA. RunScribe Sacral Gait Lab™ Validation for Measuring Pelvic Kinematics during Human Locomotion at Different Speeds. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2604. [PMID: 36904808 PMCID: PMC10007442 DOI: 10.3390/s23052604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic motion capture systems are considered the gold standard for measuring walking and running kinematics parameters. However, these systems prerequisites are not feasible for practitioners as they entail a laboratory environment and time to process and calculate the data. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the validity of the three-sensor RunScribe Sacral Gait Lab™ inertial measurement unit (IMU) in measuring pelvic kinematics in terms of vertical oscillation, tilt, obliquity, rotational range of motion, and the maximum angular rates during walking and running on a treadmill. Pelvic kinematic parameters were measured simultaneously using an eight-camera motion analysis system (Qualisys Medical AB, GÖTEBORG, Sweden) and the three-sensor RunScribe Sacral Gait Lab™ (Scribe Lab. Inc. San Francisco, CA, USA) in a sample of 16 healthy young adults. An acceptable level of agreement was considered if the following criteria were met: low bias and SEE (<0.2 times the between-subject differences SD), almost perfect (r > 0.90), and good reliability (ICC > 0.81). The results obtained reveal that the three-sensor RunScribe Sacral Gait Lab™ IMU did not reach the validity criteria established for any of the variables and velocities tested. The results obtained therefore show significant differences between the systems for the pelvic kinematic parameters measured during both walking and running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J. Ruiz-Malagón
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Felipe García-Pinillos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | | | - Víctor M. Soto-Hermoso
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago A. Ruiz-Alias
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Perpiñá-Martínez S, Arguisuelas-Martínez MD, Pérez-Domínguez B, Nacher-Moltó I, Martínez-Gramage J. Differences between Sexes and Speed Levels in Pelvic 3D Kinematic Patterns during Running Using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3631. [PMID: 36834324 PMCID: PMC9961938 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the 3D kinematic pattern of the pelvis during running and establish differences between sexes using the IMU sensor for spatiotemporal outcomes, vertical acceleration symmetry index, and ranges of motion of the pelvis in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes of movement. The kinematic range in males was 5.92°-6.50°, according to tilt. The range of obliquity was between 7.84° and 9.27° and between 9.69° and 13.60°, according to pelvic rotation. In females, the results were 6.26°-7.36°, 7.81°-9.64°, and 13.2°-16.13°, respectively. Stride length increased proportionally to speed in males and females. The reliability of the inertial sensor according to tilt and gait symmetry showed good results, and the reliability levels were excellent for cadence parameters, stride length, stride time, obliquity, and pelvic rotation. The amplitude of pelvic tilt did not change at different speed levels between sexes. The range of pelvic obliquity increased in females at a medium speed level, and the pelvic rotation range increased during running, according to speed and sex. The inertial sensor has been proven to be a reliable tool for kinematic analysis during running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perpiñá-Martínez
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy Salus Infirmorum, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 37002 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ivan Nacher-Moltó
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Gramage
- Head of Human Motion & Biomechanics in DAWAKO Medtech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Lecci L, Dugan K, Zeiger K, Keith J, Taravath S, Tseh W, Williams M. Validation of an accelerometer-based gait assessment: Establishing test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and predictive validity for concussion symptom endorsement. JOURNAL OF CONCUSSION 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/20597002231157947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gait accelerometer (sensor) technology has proven effective in predicting several medical outcomes, but less is known regarding its prediction of concussion symptoms relative to conventional measures of gait and balance. Objective To establish the reliability and validity of gait accelerometer data. We first examine test-retest reliability and the impact of footwear and walking surfaces on gait. We then examine the convergent validity between gait accelerometer data and the NIH 4-meter gait test. Finally, we compare gait accelerometer data to gait speed and balance measures for predicting concussion symptoms. Methods Study 1 used a crossover study design with 60 participants to evaluate retest reliability and examine the effects of footwear (shoes/no-shoes) and walking surface (tile floor/grass) on gait accelerometer data. Study 2 employed a cross-sectional design with 1008 participants to assess gait accelerometer correlations with NIH 4-meter gait and the prediction of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) concussion symptoms relative to previously validated gait and balance measures. Results Retest reliability (4-day average retest interval) for the no shoes/tile surface condition ranged from .72-.91 (mean = .80). Significant effects of footwear and especially walking surface revealed by Analysis of Variances (ANOVAs) on gait accelerometer data for the power, stride, balance, and symmetry domains indicate the need to standardize these variables. Gait accelerometer data correlates significantly with NIH 4-meter gait scores. Regression analyses found that gait accelerometer data predicts CDC concussion symptom endorsement, outperforming the BESS and NIH 4-meter gait at least three-fold. Conclusions When standardized on footwear and walking surface, gait accelerometers achieve strong test-retest reliability, converge with established measures of gait speed, and are superior to established measures of gait speed and balance when predicting concussion symptoms. Gait accelerometers represent a rapid tool for collecting additional gait information to quantify the behavioral sequelae of concussion and potentially inform return-to-play decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Len Lecci
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW), Wilmington, USA
| | | | | | - Julian Keith
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW), Wilmington, USA
| | | | - Wayland Tseh
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW), Wilmington, USA
| | - Mark Williams
- New Hanover Regional Medical Center (now Novant), Wilmington, USA
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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Vayalapra S, Wang X, Qureshi A, Vepa A, Rahman U, Palit A, Williams MA, King R, Elliott MT. Repeatability of Inertial Measurement Units for Measuring Pelvic Mobility in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 23:s23010377. [PMID: 36616975 PMCID: PMC9823306 DOI: 10.3390/s23010377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Consideration of pelvic mobility when positioning implants for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been shown to reduce the risk of complications such as dislocation, squeaking and excessive wear. We aim to test the repeatability of pelvic tilt measurements taken between three positions (standing, flexed-seated and step-up) by an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and hence, evaluate their reliability in screening for high pelvic mobility in patients undergoing THA. The repeated IMU measurements of pelvic tilt were analysed for consistency and compared with measures taken by x-ray analysis. Our study showed greater variation in measures taken by the IMU particularly in the flexed-seated position. The patient's pelvic tilt in this position negatively correlated with their mid-back angle, suggesting the posture of the patient is a source of variation in the flexed-seated position if not kept consistent during assessments. IMUs were overall able to produce accurate and reliable measurements of pelvic tilt; however, protocols will need to be adjusted to factor in a patient's mid-back angle when taking future readings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushanth Vayalapra
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Xueyang Wang
- WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Arham Qureshi
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Abhinav Vepa
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Usama Rahman
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Arnab Palit
- WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Richard King
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
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Cerrito A, Milburn P, Alston-Knox C, Evans K. The influence of second-row players on lumbar spine kinematics of front-row players during rugby union scrummaging. Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Validity of Inertial Sensors for Assessing Balance Kinematics and Mobility during Treadmill-Based Perturbation and Dance Training. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093065. [PMID: 33924841 PMCID: PMC8125244 DOI: 10.3390/s21093065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inertial sensors (IS) enable the kinematic analysis of human motion with fewer logistical limitations than the silver standard optoelectronic motion capture (MOCAP) system. However, there are no data on the validity of IS for perturbation training and during the performance of dance. The aim of this present study was to determine the concurrent validity of IS in the analysis of kinematic data during slip and trip-like perturbations and during the performance of dance. Seven IS and the MOCAP system were simultaneously used to capture the reactive response and dance movements of fifteen healthy young participants (Age: 18-35 years). Bland Altman (BA) plots, root mean square errors (RMSE), Pearson's correlation coefficients (R), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to compare kinematic variables of interest between the two systems for absolute equivalency and accuracy. Limits of agreements (LOA) of the BA plots ranged from -0.23 to 0.56 and -0.21 to 0.43 for slip and trip stability variables, respectively. The RMSE for slip and trip stabilities were from 0.11 to 0.20 and 0.11 to 0.16, respectively. For the joint mobility in dance, LOA varied from -6.98-18.54, while RMSE ranged from 1.90 to 13.06. Comparison of IS and optoelectronic MOCAP system for reactive balance and body segmental kinematics revealed that R varied from 0.59 to 0.81 and from 0.47 to 0.85 while ICC was from 0.50 to 0.72 and 0.45 to 0.84 respectively for slip-trip perturbations and dance. Results of moderate to high concurrent validity of IS and MOCAP systems. These results were consistent with results from similar studies. This suggests that IS are valid tools to quantitatively analyze reactive balance and mobility kinematics during slip-trip perturbation and the performance of dance at any location outside, including the laboratory, clinical and home settings.
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Mendiguchia J, Gonzalez De la Flor A, Mendez-Villanueva A, Morin JB, Edouard P, Garrues MA. Training-induced changes in anterior pelvic tilt: potential implications for hamstring strain injuries management. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:760-767. [PMID: 33172346 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1845439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An association has been reported between dynamic anterior pelvic tilt (APT) and hamstring injuries; however, no research has examined if a training-based preventive intervention could alter APT. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine if a specific 6-week multimodal intervention, based on the theoretical influence of neighbouring joints and biomechanical interactions between muscles that are inserted to the pelvis, induced changes in APT, during walking gait, hamstring flexibility and trunk endurance. Thirty-five active healthy males volunteered for this single-blind controlled trial and were split into two groups based on baseline data: a control group (CG, n = 20, continued their normal physical activities), and an intervention group (IG, n = 15, performed the intervention programme for 18 sessions over 6 weeks). A significant (p = 0.001) decrease in the APT kinematics during gait, significant increase in the Active Knee Extension Test (p = 0.001), and a significant increase in trunk endurance performance for flexion (p = 0.001), extension (p = 0.001) and side bridge (p = 0.001) were observed, in IG after the 6-week programme, compared to CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurdan Mendiguchia
- Department of Physical Therapy, ZENTRUM Rehab and Performance Center, Barañain, Spain
| | - Angel Gonzalez De la Flor
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sport Medicine, Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea De Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Pascal Edouard
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France.,Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Mirian Aranzazu Garrues
- Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Physiology Department, University of the Basque Country, Biscay, Spain
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Lahti J, Mendiguchia J, Ahtiainen J, Anula L, Kononen T, Kujala M, Matinlauri A, Peltonen V, Thibault M, Toivonen RM, Edouard P, Morin JB. Multifactorial individualised programme for hamstring muscle injury risk reduction in professional football: protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionHamstring muscle injuries (HMI) continue to plague professional football. Several scientific publications have encouraged a multifactorial approach; however, no multifactorial HMI risk reduction studies have been conducted in professional football. Furthermore, individualisation of HMI management programmes has only been researched in a rehabilitation setting. Therefore, this study aims to determine if a specific multifactorial and individualised programme can reduce HMI occurrence in professional football.Methods and analysisWe conducted a prospective cohort study over two seasons within the Finnish Premier League and compare the amount of HMI sustained during a control season to an intervention season. Injury data and sport exposure were collected during the two seasons (2019–2020), and a multifactorial and individualised HMI risk reduction programme will be implemented during intervention season (2020). After a hamstring screening protocol is completed, individual training will be defined for each player within several categories: lumbo-pelvic control, range of motion, posterior chain strength, sprint mechanical output and an additional non-individualised ‘training for all players’ category. Screening and respective updates to training programmes were conducted three times during the season. The outcome will be to compare if there is a significant effect of the intervention on the HMI occurrence using Cox regression analysis.Ethics and disseminationApproval for the injury and sport exposure data collection was obtained by the Saint-Etienne University Hospital Ethics Committee (request number: IORG0007394; record number IRBN322016/CHUSTE). Approval for the intervention season was obtained from the Central Finland healthcare District (request and record number: U6/2019).
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Coordination Pattern of the Thigh, Pelvic, and Lumbar Movements during the Gait of Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2020; 2020:9545825. [PMID: 32774826 PMCID: PMC7396060 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9545825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There are limited reports on segment movement and their coordination pattern during gait in patients with hip osteoarthritis. To avoid the excessive stress toward the hip and relevant joints, it is important to investigate the coordination pattern between these segment movements, focusing on the time series data. This study aimed to quantify the coordination pattern of lumbar, pelvic, and thigh movements during gait in patients with hip osteoarthritis and in a control group. An inertial measurement unit was used to measure the lumbar, pelvic, and thigh angular velocities during gait of 11 patients with hip osteoarthritis and 11 controls. The vector coding technique was applied, and the coupling angle and the appearance rate of coordination pattern in each direction were calculated and compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, with respect to the lumbar/pelvic segment movements, the patients with hip osteoarthritis spent more rates in anti-phase and lower rates in in-phase lateral tilt movement. With respect to the pelvic/thigh segment movements, the patients with hip osteoarthritis spent more rates within the proximal- and in-phases for lateral tilt movement. Furthermore, patients with osteoarthritis spent lower rates in the distal-phase for anterior/posterior tilt and rotational movement. Patients with hip osteoarthritis could not move their pelvic and thigh segments separately, which indicates the stiffness of the hip joint. The rotational movement and lateral tilt movements, especially, were limited, which is known as Duchenne limp. To maintain the gait ability, it seems important to pay attention to these directional movements.
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Digo E, Pierro G, Pastorelli S, Gastaldi L. Evaluation of spinal posture during gait with inertial measurement units. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:1094-1105. [PMID: 32633209 DOI: 10.1177/0954411920940830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of postural disorders emphasizes the central role of the vertebral spine during gait. Indeed, clinicians need an accurate and non-invasive method to evaluate the effectiveness of a rehabilitation program on spinal kinematics. Accordingly, the aim of this work was the use of inertial sensors for the assessment of angles among vertebral segments during gait. The spine was partitioned into five segments and correspondingly five inertial measurement units were positioned. Articulations between two adjacent spine segments were modeled with spherical joints, and the tilt-twist method was adopted to evaluate flexion-extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. In total, 18 young healthy subjects (9 males and 9 females) walked barefoot in three different conditions. The spinal posture during gait was efficiently evaluated considering the patterns of planar angles of each spine segment. Some statistically significant differences highlighted the influence of gender, speed and imposed cadence. The proposed methodology proved the usability of inertial sensors for the assessment of spinal posture and it is expected to efficiently point out trunk compensatory pattern during gait in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Digo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pierro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Pastorelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Gastaldi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G.L. Lagrange," Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Sensor-to-Segment Calibration Methodologies for Lower-Body Kinematic Analysis with Inertial Sensors: A Systematic Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113322. [PMID: 32545227 PMCID: PMC7309059 DOI: 10.3390/s20113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Kinematic analysis is indispensable to understanding and characterizing human locomotion. Thanks to the development of inertial sensors based on microelectronics systems, human kinematic analysis in an ecological environment is made possible. An important issue in human kinematic analyses with inertial sensors is the necessity of defining the orientation of the inertial sensor coordinate system relative to its underlying segment coordinate system, which is referred to sensor-to-segment calibration. Over the last decade, we have seen an increase of proposals for this purpose. The aim of this review is to highlight the different proposals made for lower-body segments. Three different databases were screened: PubMed, Science Direct and IEEE Xplore. One reviewer performed the selection of the different studies and data extraction. Fifty-five studies were included. Four different types of calibration method could be identified in the articles: the manual, static, functional, and anatomical methods. The mathematical approach to obtain the segment axis and the calibration evaluation were extracted from the selected articles. Given the number of propositions and the diversity of references used to evaluate the methods, it is difficult today to form a conclusion about the most suitable. To conclude, comparative studies are required to validate calibration methods in different circumstances.
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14
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Fifteen Years of Wireless Sensors for Balance Assessment in Neurological Disorders. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113247. [PMID: 32517315 PMCID: PMC7308812 DOI: 10.3390/s20113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Balance impairment is a major mechanism behind falling along with environmental hazards. Under physiological conditions, ageing leads to a progressive decline in balance control per se. Moreover, various neurological disorders further increase the risk of falls by deteriorating specific nervous system functions contributing to balance. Over the last 15 years, significant advancements in technology have provided wearable solutions for balance evaluation and the management of postural instability in patients with neurological disorders. This narrative review aims to address the topic of balance and wireless sensors in several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and other neurodegenerative and acute clinical syndromes. The review discusses the physiological and pathophysiological bases of balance in neurological disorders as well as the traditional and innovative instruments currently available for balance assessment. The technical and clinical perspectives of wearable technologies, as well as current challenges in the field of teleneurology, are also examined.
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15
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Milosevic B, Leardini A, Farella E. Kinect and wearable inertial sensors for motor rehabilitation programs at home: state of the art and an experimental comparison. Biomed Eng Online 2020; 19:25. [PMID: 32326957 PMCID: PMC7178588 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-020-00762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging sensing and communication technologies are contributing to the development of many motor rehabilitation programs outside the standard healthcare facilities. Nowadays, motor rehabilitation exercises can be easily performed and monitored even at home by a variety of motion-tracking systems. These are cheap, reliable, easy-to-use, and allow also remote configuration and control of the rehabilitation programs. The two most promising technologies for home-based motor rehabilitation programs are inertial wearable sensors and video-based motion capture systems. Methods In this paper, after a thorough review of the relevant literature, an original experimental analysis is reported for two corresponding commercially available solutions, a wearable inertial measurement unit and the Kinect, respectively. For the former, a number of different algorithms for rigid body pose estimation from sensor data were also tested. Both systems were compared with the measurements obtained with state-of-the-art marker-based stereophotogrammetric motion analysis, taken as a gold-standard, and also evaluated outside the lab in a home environment. Results The results in the laboratory setting showed similarly good performance for the elementary large motion exercises, with both systems having errors in the 3–8 degree range. Usability and other possible limitations were also assessed during utilization at home, which revealed additional advantages and drawbacks for the two systems. Conclusions The two evaluated systems use different technology and algorithms, but have similar performance in terms of human motion tracking. Therefore, both can be adopted for monitoring home-based rehabilitation programs, taking adequate precautions however for operation, user instructions and interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Leardini
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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16
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The Warrior Athlete Part 2-Return to Duty in the US Military: Advancing ACL Rehabilitation in the Tactical Athlete. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2020; 27:e12-e24. [PMID: 31361718 DOI: 10.1097/jsa.0000000000000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitation following an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a crucial component of the healing and recovery process and full return to duty/play in the tactical modern-day warfighter. The burden of anterior cruciate ligament injuries and subsequent loss of readiness in these military warfighters highlights one of the most significant gaps in musculoskeletal injury care today. Emphasis must be placed on early weight-bearing and range of motion (ROM), namely in this athlete population, to best facilitate a timely care and recovery process. Preoperative rehabilitation should commence immediately following the diagnosis of an anterior cruciate ligament tear, because one of the best predictors of postoperative ROM is preoperative ROM. Recent advances in rehabilitation technology such as Alter-G treadmills, inertial measurement units, and blood flow restriction therapy systems, have demonstrated success in the early rehabilitation of tactical athletes. Alter-G treadmills allow for early weight-bearing with reduced impact and progression in ROM following operative management, while inertial measurement units have been applied to tailoring rehabilitation protocols specifically to an athlete's unique functional deficits. When used in conjunction with a fined tune rehabilitation protocol, implemented by a well versed clinical team, these treatment techniques can greatly expedite the return to duty process and limit long-term complications.
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17
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Carozzo S, Serra S, Pignolo L, Tonin P, Cerasa A. The assessment of trunk recovery in stroke patients using 3D kinematic measures. Med Eng Phys 2020; 78:98-105. [PMID: 32035812 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The kinematic analysis of trunk recovery in patients with stroke has sparsely been investigated. This study is aimed at evaluating the validity of a kinematic system for measuring trunk movements. Forty-five right-handed stroke patients in the post-acute phase were assessed in a within-subject design, before and after intensive conventional neurorehabilitation treatment. An eight-camera system was used to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of trunk during typical displacements (anterior/posterior and right/left lateral). Kinematic trunk measurements and clinical evaluations were performed immediately in a blind fashion before and after rehabilitation treatments. Of the 9 kinematic variables, 4 showed a significant relationship with the clinical measure of the trunk: Trunk Control Test (TCT). Among these, only the kinematic evaluation of the lateral pelvic was the best predictor (R2= 0.2; p-level< 0.006; beta= 0.41) of clinical recovery measured with TCT. Here, we present a 3D kinematic system for assessing trunk impairments in stroke patients. We found that different kinematic variables reflect motor recovery as assessed by conventional clinical scale. Further evaluations, including reliability analysis and application on patients with gait impairments, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Carozzo
- S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Serra
- S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Loris Pignolo
- S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Paolo Tonin
- S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Antonio Cerasa
- S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), 88900 Crotone, Italy; IRIB, National Research Council, 87050 Mangone, CS, Italy.
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18
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Rehman RZU, Del Din S, Shi JQ, Galna B, Lord S, Yarnall AJ, Guan Y, Rochester L. Comparison of Walking Protocols and Gait Assessment Systems for Machine Learning-Based Classification of Parkinson's Disease. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5363. [PMID: 31817393 PMCID: PMC6960714 DOI: 10.3390/s19245363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of Parkinson's diseases (PD) is challenging; applying machine learning (ML) models to gait characteristics may support the classification process. Comparing performance of ML models used in various studies can be problematic due to different walking protocols and gait assessment systems. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of walking protocols and gait assessment systems on the performance of a support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) for classification of PD. 93 PD and 103 controls performed two walking protocols at their normal pace: (i) four times along a 10 m walkway (intermittent walk-IW), (ii) walking for 2 minutes on a 25 m oval circuit (continuous walk-CW). 14 gait characteristics were extracted from two different systems (an instrumented walkway-GAITRite; and an accelerometer attached at the lower back-Axivity). SVM and RF were trained on normalized data (accounting for step velocity, gender, age and BMI) and evaluated using 10-fold cross validation with area under the curve (AUC). Overall performance was higher for both systems during CW compared to IW. SVM performed better than RF. With SVM, during CW Axivity significantly outperformed GAITRite (AUC: 87.83 ± 7.81% vs. 80.49 ± 9.85%); during IW systems performed similarly. These findings suggest that choice of testing protocol and sensing system may have a direct impact on ML PD classification results and highlight the need for standardization for wide scale implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Neuroscience/Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (R.Z.U.R.); (S.D.D.); (B.G.); (S.L.); (A.J.Y.)
| | - Silvia Del Din
- Institute of Neuroscience/Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (R.Z.U.R.); (S.D.D.); (B.G.); (S.L.); (A.J.Y.)
| | - Jian Qing Shi
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Brook Galna
- Institute of Neuroscience/Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (R.Z.U.R.); (S.D.D.); (B.G.); (S.L.); (A.J.Y.)
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Sue Lord
- Institute of Neuroscience/Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (R.Z.U.R.); (S.D.D.); (B.G.); (S.L.); (A.J.Y.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 92006, New Zealand
| | - Alison J. Yarnall
- Institute of Neuroscience/Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (R.Z.U.R.); (S.D.D.); (B.G.); (S.L.); (A.J.Y.)
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Yu Guan
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5TG, UK;
| | - Lynn Rochester
- Institute of Neuroscience/Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (R.Z.U.R.); (S.D.D.); (B.G.); (S.L.); (A.J.Y.)
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
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19
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Tatani I, Panagopoulos A, Diamantakos I, Sakellaropoulos G, Pantelakis S, Megas P. Comparison of two metaphyseal-fitting (short) femoral stems in primary total hip arthroplasty: study protocol for a prospective randomized clinical trial with additional biomechanical testing and finite element analysis. Trials 2019; 20:359. [PMID: 31208433 PMCID: PMC6580512 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total hip replacement has recently followed a progressive evolution towards principles of bone- and soft-tissue-sparing surgery. Regarding femoral implants, different stem designs have been developed as an alternative to conventional stems, and there is a renewed interest towards short versions of uncemented femoral implants. Based on both experimental testing and finite element modeling, the proposed study has been designed to compare the biomechanical properties and clinical performance of the newly introduced short-stem Minima S, for which clinical data are lacking with an older generation stem, the Trilock Bone Preservation Stem with an established performance record in short to midterm follow-up. METHODS/DESIGN In the experimental study, the transmission of forces as measured by cortical surface-strain distribution in the proximal femur will be evaluated using digital image correlation (DIC), first on the non-implanted femur and then on the implanted stems. Finite element parametric models of the bone, the stem and their interface will be also developed. Finite element predictions of surface strains in implanted composite femurs, after being validated against biomechanical testing measurements, will be used to assist the comparison of the stems by deriving important data on the developed stress and strain fields, which cannot be measured through biomechanical testing. Finally, a prospective randomized comparative clinical study between these two stems will be also conducted to determine (1) their clinical performance up to 2 years' follow-up using clinical scores and gait analysis (2) stem fixation and remodeling using a detailed radiographic analysis and (3) incidence and types of complications. DISCUSSION Our study would be the first that compares not only the clinical and radiological outcome but also the biomechanical properties of two differently designed femoral implants that are theoretically classified in the same main category of cervico-metaphyseal-diaphyseal short stems. We can hypothesize that even these subtle variations in geometric design between these two stems may create different loading characteristics and thus dissimilar biomechanical behaviors, which in turn could have an influence to their clinical performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number, ID: ISRCTN10096716 . Retrospectively registered on May 8 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tatani
- Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - A Panagopoulos
- Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - I Diamantakos
- Laboratory of Technology and Strength of Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - G Sakellaropoulos
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Sp Pantelakis
- Laboratory of Technology and Strength of Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - P Megas
- Orthopaedic Department, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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20
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Leijendekkers RA, Hoogeboom TJ, van Hinte G, Didden L, Anijs T, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, Verdonschot N. Reproducibility and discriminant validity of two clinically feasible measurement methods to obtain coronal plane gait kinematics in participants with a lower extremity amputation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217046. [PMID: 31112589 PMCID: PMC6528991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Measuring coronal plane gait kinematics of the pelvis and trunk during rehabilitation of participants with a lower extremity amputation is important to detect asymmetries in gait which are hypothesised as associated with secondary complaints. The aim of this study was to test the reproducibility and discriminant validity of a three-dimensional (3-D; inertial measurement units) and a two-dimensional (2-D; video-based) system. Methods We tested the test-retest and inter-rater reproducibility of both systems and the 2-D system, respectively, in participants with a lower extremity amputation (group 1) and healthy subjects (group 2). The discriminant validity was determined with a within-group comparison for the 3-D system and with a between-group comparison for both systems. Results Both system showed to be test-retest reliable, both in group 1 (2-D system: ICC3.1agreement 0.52–0.83; 3-D system: ICC3.1agreement 0.81–0.95) and in group 2 (3-D system: ICC3.1agreement 0.33–0.92; 2-D system: ICC3.1agreement 0.54–0.95). The 2-D system was also inter-rater reliable (group 1: ICC2.1agreement 0.80–0.92; group 2: ICC2.1agreement 0.39–0.90). The within-group comparison of the 3-D system revealed a statistically significant asymmetry of 0.4°-0.5° in group 1 and no statistically significant asymmetry in group 2. The between-group comparison revealed that the maximum amplitude towards the residual limb (MARL) in the low back (3-D system) and the (residual) limb—trunk angle (2-D system) were significantly larger with a mean difference of 1.2° and 6.4°, respectively, than the maximum amplitude of healthy subjects. However, these average differences were smaller than the smallest detectable change (SDC) of group 1 for both the MARL (SDCagreement: 1.5°) and the residual limb—trunk angle (SDCagreement: 6.7°-7.6°). Conclusion The 3-D and 2-D systems tested in this study were not sensitive enough to detect real differences within and between participants with a lower extremity amputation and healthy subjects although promising reproducibility parameters for some of the outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud A. Leijendekkers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Therapy, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas J. Hoogeboom
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben van Hinte
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Therapy, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lars Didden
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Anijs
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria W. G. Nijhuis-van der Sanden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Therapy, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nico Verdonschot
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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21
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Validity and Reliability of Wearable Sensors for Joint Angle Estimation: A Systematic Review. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19071555. [PMID: 30935116 PMCID: PMC6479822 DOI: 10.3390/s19071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Motion capture systems are recognized as the gold standard for joint angle calculation. However, studies using these systems are restricted to laboratory settings for technical reasons, which may lead to findings that are not representative of real-life context. Recently developed commercial and home-made inertial measurement sensors (M/IMU) are potentially good alternatives to the laboratory-based systems, and recent technology improvements required a synthesis of the current evidence. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the criterion validity and reliability of M/IMU for each body joint and for tasks of different levels of complexity. Five different databases were screened (Pubmed, Cinhal, Embase, Ergonomic abstract, and Compendex). Two evaluators performed independent selection, quality assessment (consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments [COSMIN] and quality appraisal tools), and data extraction. Forty-two studies were included. Reported validity varied according to task complexity (higher validity for simple tasks) and the joint evaluated (better validity for lower limb joints). More studies on reliability are needed to make stronger conclusions, as the number of studies addressing this psychometric property was limited. M/IMU should be considered as a valid tool to assess whole body range of motion, but further studies are needed to standardize technical procedures to obtain more accurate data.
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22
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Cimolin V, Capodaglio P, Cau N, Galli M, Santovito C, Patrizi A, Tringali G, Sartorio A. Computation of spatio-temporal parameters in level walking using a single inertial system in lean and obese adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 62:505-511. [PMID: 27898396 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2015-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the availability of low-cost equipment capable of recording kinematic data during walking has facilitated the outdoor assessment of gait parameters, thus overcoming the limitations of three-dimensional instrumented gait analysis (3D-GA). The aim of this study is twofold: firstly, to investigate whether a single sensor on the lower trunk could provide valid spatio-temporal parameters in level walking in normal-weight and obese adolescents compared to instrumented gait analysis (GA); secondly, to investigate whether the inertial sensor is capable of capturing the spatio-temporal features of obese adolescent gait. These were assessed in 10 obese and 8 non-obese adolescents using both a single inertial sensor on the lower trunk and an optoelectronic system. The parameters obtained were not statistically different in either normal-weight or obese participants between the two methods. Obese adolescents walked with longer stance and double support phase compared to normal-weight participants. The results showed that the inertial system is a valid means of evaluating spatio-temporal parameters in obese individuals.
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23
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Shanahan CJ, Boonstra FMC, Cofré Lizama LE, Strik M, Moffat BA, Khan F, Kilpatrick TJ, van der Walt A, Galea MP, Kolbe SC. Technologies for Advanced Gait and Balance Assessments in People with Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2018; 8:708. [PMID: 29449825 PMCID: PMC5799707 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtle gait and balance dysfunction is a precursor to loss of mobility in multiple sclerosis (MS). Biomechanical assessments using advanced gait and balance analysis technologies can identify these subtle changes and could be used to predict mobility loss early in the disease. This update critically evaluates advanced gait and balance analysis technologies and their applicability to identifying early lower limb dysfunction in people with MS. Non-wearable (motion capture systems, force platforms, and sensor-embedded walkways) and wearable (pressure and inertial sensors) biomechanical analysis systems have been developed to provide quantitative gait and balance assessments. Non-wearable systems are highly accurate, reliable and provide detailed outcomes, but require cumbersome and expensive equipment. Wearable systems provide less detail but can be used in community settings and can provide real-time feedback to patients and clinicians. Biomechanical analysis using advanced gait and balance analysis technologies can identify changes in gait and balance in early MS and consequently have the potential to significantly improve monitoring of mobility changes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille J Shanahan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - L Eduardo Cofré Lizama
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Myrte Strik
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bradford A Moffat
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fary Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor J Kilpatrick
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mary P Galea
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott C Kolbe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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24
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Bolink SAAN, Lenguerrand E, Brunton LR, Wylde V, Gooberman-Hill R, Heyligers IC, Blom AW, Grimm B. Assessment of physical function following total hip arthroplasty: Inertial sensor based gait analysis is supplementary to patient-reported outcome measures. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2016; 32:171-9. [PMID: 26706048 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional outcome assessment after total hip arthroplasty often involves subjective patient-reported outcome measures whereas analysis of gait is more objective. The study's aims were to compare subjective and objective functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty between patients with low and high self-reported levels of pre-operative physical function. METHODS Patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (n=36; m/f=18/18; mean age=63.9; SD=9.8 years; BMI=26.3; SD=3.5) were divided into a low and high function subgroup, and prospective measures of WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) function score and gait were compared at baseline and 3 and 12 months post-operatively. FINDINGS WOMAC function scores significantly improved in both low and high function subgroups at 3 months post-operatively whereas gait parameters only improved in patients with a low pre-operative function. Between 3 and 12 months post-operatively, WOMAC function scores had not significantly further improved whereas several gait parameters significantly improved in the low function group. WOMAC function scores and gait parameters were only moderately correlated (Spearman's r=0.33-0.51). INTERPRETATION In a cohort of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, pre-operative differences in mean WOMAC function scores and gait parameters between low and high function subgroups disappeared by 3 months post-operatively. Gait parameters only improved significantly during the first 3 post-operative months in patients with a low pre-operative function, highlighting the importance of investigating relative changes rather than the absolute changes and the need to consider patients with high and low functions separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A A N Bolink
- AHORSE Foundation, Dept Orthopaedics, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, The Netherlands.
| | - E Lenguerrand
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - L R Brunton
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - V Wylde
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - R Gooberman-Hill
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - I C Heyligers
- AHORSE Foundation, Dept Orthopaedics, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - A W Blom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - B Grimm
- AHORSE Foundation, Dept Orthopaedics, Atrium Medical Center Heerlen, The Netherlands
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25
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Bolink SAAN, Naisas H, Senden R, Essers H, Heyligers IC, Meijer K, Grimm B. Validity of an inertial measurement unit to assess pelvic orientation angles during gait, sit-stand transfers and step-up transfers: Comparison with an optoelectronic motion capture system. Med Eng Phys 2015; 38:225-31. [PMID: 26711470 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An inertial measurement unit (IMU) allows kinematic evaluation of human motion with fewer operational constraints than a gold standard optoelectronic motion capture (MOCAP) system. The study's aim was to compare IMU and MOCAP measurements of dynamic pelvic orientation angles during different activities of daily life (ADL): gait, sit-to-stand (STS) transfers and block step-up (BS) transfers. A single IMU was attached onto the lower back in seventeen healthy participants (8F/9 M, age 19-31 years; BMI < 25) and optical skin markers were attached onto anatomical pelvic landmarks for MOCAP measurements. Comparisons between IMU and MOCAP by Bland-Altman plots demonstrated that measurements were between 2SD of the absolute difference and Pearson's correlation coefficients were between 0.85 and 0.94. Frontal plane pelvic angle estimations achieved a RMSE in the range of [2.7°-4.5°] and sagittal plane measurements achieved a RMSE in the range of [2.7°-8.9°] which were both lowest in gait. Waveform peak detection times demonstrated ICCs between 0.96 and 1.00. These results are in accordance to other studies comparing IMU and MOCAP measurements with different applications and suggest that an IMU is a valid tool to measure dynamic pelvic angles during various activities of daily life which could be applied to monitor rehabilitation in a wide variety of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A A N Bolink
- AHORSE Foundation, Atrium Medical Centre, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
| | - H Naisas
- AHORSE Foundation, Atrium Medical Centre, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - R Senden
- AHORSE Foundation, Atrium Medical Centre, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - H Essers
- Maastricht University, Department of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - I C Heyligers
- AHORSE Foundation, Atrium Medical Centre, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - K Meijer
- Maastricht University, Department of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B Grimm
- AHORSE Foundation, Atrium Medical Centre, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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Macpherson TW, Taylor J, McBain T, Weston M, Spears IR. Real-time measurement of pelvis and trunk kinematics during treadmill locomotion using a low-cost depth-sensing camera: A concurrent validity study. J Biomech 2015; 49:474-8. [PMID: 26718063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no suitable kinematic system for a large-scale prospective trial assessing risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders. A practical kinematic system is described which involves the use of a single low-cost depth-sensing camera for the real-time measurement of 3-dimensional linear and angular pelvic and trunk range-of-movement (ROM). The method is based on the creation and processing of dynamic point clouds taken from the posterior surface of the pelvis and trunk. Nine healthy participants performed 3 trials of treadmill locomotion when walking at self-selected speed (3.6-5.6 km/h), running at 70% (10.9-14.0 km/h) and 90% of maximal speed (14.0-18.0 km/h). Stride-by-stride linear and angular ROM data were captured concurrently using the single depth-sensing camera running at 30 Hz (Kinect(TM) for Windows, Microsoft, USA) and a six-camera motion capture system at 100 Hz (Vicon MX13, Vicon Motion Systems, United Kingdom). Within subject correlation coefficients between the practical and criterion method ranged from very large to nearly perfect (r=0.87-1.00) for the linear ROM. Correlation coefficients for the angular ROM ranged from moderate to very large (r=0.41-0.80). The limits of agreement between the two systems for linear movements were ≤ 9.9 mm at all velocities of gait and ≤ 4.6° at all velocities of gait. The single camera system using depth-sensing technology is capable of capturing linear pelvic and trunk ROM during treadmill locomotion with reasonable precision when compared to the criterion method. Further improvements to the measurement of angles and validation across a wider population are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom W Macpherson
- School of Social Sciences Business and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
| | - Jonathan Taylor
- School of Social Sciences Business and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Thomas McBain
- School of Social Sciences Business and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Matthew Weston
- School of Social Sciences Business and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Iain R Spears
- School of Social Sciences Business and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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Sabatini AM, Ligorio G, Mannini A. Fourier-based integration of quasi-periodic gait accelerations for drift-free displacement estimation using inertial sensors. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14:106. [PMID: 26597696 PMCID: PMC4657361 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In biomechanical studies Optical Motion Capture Systems (OMCS) are considered the gold standard for determining the orientation and the position (pose) of an object in a global reference frame. However, the use of OMCS can be difficult, which has prompted research on alternative sensing technologies, such as body-worn inertial sensors. Methods We developed a drift-free method to estimate the three-dimensional (3D) displacement of a body part during cyclical motions using body-worn inertial sensors. We performed the Fourier analysis of the stride-by-stride estimates of the linear acceleration, which were obtained by transposing the specific forces measured by the tri-axial accelerometer into the global frame using a quaternion-based orientation estimation algorithm and detecting when each stride began using a gait-segmentation algorithm. The time integration was performed analytically using the Fourier series coefficients; the inverse Fourier series was then taken for reconstructing the displacement over each single stride. The displacement traces were concatenated and spline-interpolated to obtain the entire trace. Results The method was applied to estimate the motion of the lower trunk of healthy subjects that walked on a treadmill and it was validated using OMCS reference 3D displacement data; different approaches were tested for transposing the measured specific force into the global frame, segmenting the gait and performing time integration (numerically and analytically). The width of the limits of agreements were computed between each tested method and the OMCS reference method for each anatomical direction: Medio-Lateral (ML), VerTical (VT) and Antero-Posterior (AP); using the proposed method, it was observed that the vertical component of displacement (VT) was within ±4 mm (±1.96 standard deviation) of OMCS data and each component of horizontal displacement (ML and AP) was within ±9 mm of OMCS data. Conclusions Fourier harmonic analysis was applied to model stride-by-stride linear accelerations during walking and to perform their analytical integration. Our results showed that analytical integration based on Fourier series coefficients was a useful approach to accurately estimate 3D displacement from noisy acceleration data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Maria Sabatini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Ligorio
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mannini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
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