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Downward GS, Vermeulen R. Ambient Air Pollution and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in an Analysis of Asian Cohorts. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2023; 2016:1-53. [PMID: 37424069 PMCID: PMC7266370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Much of what is currently known about the adverse effects of ambient air pollution comes from studies conducted in high-income regions, with relatively low air pollution levels. The aim of the current project is to examine the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution (as predicted from satellite-based models) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in several Asian cohorts. METHODS Cohorts were recruited from the Asia Cohort Consortium (ACC). The geocoded residences of participants were assigned levels of ambient particulate material with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) utilizing global satellite-derived models and assigned for the year of enrollment (or closest available year). The association between ambient exposure and mortality was established with Cox proportional hazard models, after adjustment for common confounders. Both single- and two-pollutant models were generated. Model robustness was evaluated, and hazard ratios were calculated for each cohort separately and combined via random effect meta-analysis for pooled risk estimates. RESULTS Six cohort studies from the ACC participated: the Community-based Cancer Screening Program (CBCSCP, Taiwan), the Golestan Cohort Study (Iran), the Health Effects for Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS, Bangladesh), the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC), the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort Study (KMCC), and the Mumbai Cohort Study (MCS, India). The cohorts represented over 340,000 participants. Mean exposures to PM2.5 ranged from 8 to 58 μg/m3. Mean exposures to NO2 ranged from 7 to 23 ppb. For PM2.5, a positive, borderline nonsignificant relationship was observed between PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality. Other relationships with PM2.5 tended toward the null in meta-analysis. For NO2, an overall positive relationship was observed between exposure to NO2 and all cancers and lung cancer. A borderline association between NO2 and nonmalignant lung disease was also observed. The findings within individual cohorts remained consistent across a variety of subgroups and alternative analyses, including two-pollutant models. CONCLUSIONS In a pooled examination of cohort studies across Asia, ambient PM2.5 exposure appears to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and ambient NO2 exposure is associated with an increased cancer (and lung cancer) mortality. This project has shown that satellite-derived models of pollution can be used in examinations of mortality risk in areas with either incomplete or missing air pollution monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Downward
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - R Vermeulen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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Xiao D, Li W, Zhang WH, Wen Z, Mo W, Lu C, Guo L, Yang L. Maternal periconceptional environmental exposure and offspring with congenital heart disease: a case-control study in Guangzhou, China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:57. [PMID: 36694158 PMCID: PMC9872400 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are a major global health problem, yet their crucial environmental risk factors are still unclear. We aimed to explore the associations between maternal periconceptional environmental exposures and all CHDs, isolated and multiple CHDs and CHDs subtypes. METHOD A case-control study including 675 infants with CHDs and 1545 healthy controls was conducted. Participating mothers who delivered in Guangzhou from October 2019 to November 2021 were recruited. To examine the independent associations between maternal periconceptional environmental exposure and offspring with CHDs, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS Maternal exposure to living near main roads [adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.06-3.56] and housing renovation (aOR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.03-3.67) during the periconceptional period were positively related to a greater risk of all CHDs, similar results were also found in isolated CHDs rather than multiple CHDs. Additionally, living near main roads was positively associated with secundum atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale (aOR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.03-6.81) and housing renovation was strongly positively associated with ventricular septal defect (aOR = 5.08, 95% CI = 2.05-12.60). However, no association was observed between incense burning and family relationships and all CHDs, isolated and multiple CHDs and CHDs subtypes. CONCLUSION Living near main roads and housing renovation during the periconceptional period are significantly associated with the increased risks for all CHDs and isolated CHDs. Further study is needed to extend sample size to explore the effects of time and frequency of burning incense and family relationships on CHDs in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xiao
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Department of Comprehensive Maternal and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623 China
| | - Weidong Li
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Department of Comprehensive Maternal and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623 China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Zihao Wen
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Department of Comprehensive Maternal and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623 China
| | - Weijian Mo
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Department of Comprehensive Maternal and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623 China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Lan Guo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Li Yang
- grid.413428.80000 0004 1757 8466Department of Comprehensive Maternal and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623 China
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Hochard J, Li Y, Abashidze N. Associations of hurricane exposure and forecasting with impaired birth outcomes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6746. [PMID: 36347839 PMCID: PMC9643368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Early forecasts give people in a storm's path time to prepare. Less is known about the cost to society when forecasts are incorrect. In this observational study, we examine over 700,000 births in the path of Hurricane Irene and find exposure was associated with impaired birth outcomes. Additional warning time was associated with decreased preterm birth rates for women who experienced intense storm exposures documenting a benefit of avoiding a type II forecasting error. A larger share of this at-risk population experienced a type I forecasting error where severe physical storm impacts were anticipated but not experienced. Disaster anticipation disrupted healthcare services by delaying and canceling prenatal care, which may contribute to storm-impacted birth outcomes. Recognizing storm damages depend on human responses to predicted storm paths is critical to supporting the next generation's developmental potential with judicious forecasts that ensure public warning systems mitigate rather than exacerbate climate damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hochard
- grid.135963.b0000 0001 2109 0381Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Bim Kendall House, 804 E Fremont Street, Laramie, WY 82072 USA
| | - Yuanhao Li
- SNF – Centre for Applied Research at NHH, Helleveien 30, N-5045, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nino Abashidze
- grid.135963.b0000 0001 2109 0381Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Bim Kendall House, 804 E Fremont Street, Laramie, WY 82072 USA
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Canto MV, Guxens M, Ramis R. Exposure to Traffic Density during Pregnancy and Birth Weight in a National Cohort, 2000-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8611. [PMID: 35886463 PMCID: PMC9318762 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The variation on birth weight is associated with several outcomes early on in life and low birth weight (LBW) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Some environmental exposures during pregnancy, such as particulate matters and other traffic-related pollutants can have a significant effect on pregnant women and fetuses. The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of exposure to traffic density during pregnancy over birth weight in Spain, from 2000-2017. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study using the information from Spain Birth Registry Statistics database. The traffic density was measured using the Annual average daily traffic. Multivariate linear regression models using birth weight and traffic density were performed, as well as a logistic regression model to estimated Odds ratios for LBW and GAM models to evaluate the non-linear effect. Our findings showed that increases in traffic density were associated with reduction of birth weight and increases of LBW risk. Moreover, exposure to high and very-high traffic-density during pregnancy were associated with reduction of birth weight and increase on LBW risk comparing with exposure to low number of cars trespassing the neighborhoods. The results of this study agree with previous literature and highlights the need of effective policies for reducing traffic density in residential neighborhoods of cities and towns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Live Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Diseases Department, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Gong X, Zhan FB. A method for identifying critical time windows of maternal air pollution exposures associated with low birth weight in offspring using massive geographic data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:33345-33360. [PMID: 35022967 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Associations between maternal exposures to air pollutants and low birth weight (LBW) in offspring varied when different exposure windows were considered. Methods used in previous studies lacked flexibility in delineating exposure windows and did not consider time periods before conception, which may restrict the discoveries of critical exposure windows. This study introduces a novel method to identify critical windows of maternal air pollution exposures associated with LBW in offspring using massive georeferenced data. Through a case-control study based on birth data (94,106 LBW cases and 376,424 controls) and air quality monitoring data (367 chemicals) in Texas during 1996-2008, this study used the average ambient concentration measured by the monitoring site closest to the residence location of a mother during a time window as the maternal exposure to a specific chemical during that exposure window. Binary logistic regression was utilized to estimate air pollutant-LBW associations in different exposure windows. The odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for child's sex, gestational weeks, maternal age, race/ethnicity, and education. The adjusted ORs were plotted against the exposure window series of different sizes for each chemical, aiming at interactively visualizing and exploring the critical exposure windows across multiple temporal scales. This study identifies ten chemicals and seventeen corresponding critical exposure windows where strong air pollutant-LBW associations are detected. The ten identified chemicals are benzaldehyde, sum of Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) target compounds, n-undecane, m-tolualdehyde, organic carbon fraction 2 (OC2), ethylene dibromide, valeraldehyde, propionaldehyde, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and zirconium. Nine critical exposure windows involving six chemicals start more than five months prior to conception, seven windows involving five chemicals commence in the second and/or third trimester of pregnancy, and the remaining one window is located in other time periods. The novel method reveals a number of critical time windows of maternal exposure to ten chemicals that are positively associated with LBW in offspring. These ten chemicals were identified as LBW risk factors for the first time. Additional studies with more data are needed to validate the results in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gong
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, UNM Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Franklin Benjamin Zhan
- Department of Geography, Texas Center for Geographic Information Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
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MoghaddamHosseini V, Dowlatabadi A, Najafi ML, Ghalenovi M, Pajohanfar NS, Ghezi S, Mehrabadi S, Estiri EH, Miri M. Association of traffic-related air pollution with Newborn's anthropometric indexes at birth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112000. [PMID: 34480947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An emerging body of evidence has associated exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) during pregnancy with birth outcomes. However, the evidence on the association of TRAP exposure and neonatal anthropometric measurements (NAPM) in low and middle-income countries is very scarce yet. Therefore, we investigate the association of prenatal exposure to indicators of traffic and ambient particulate matter (PM) with NAPM. This cross-sectional study was based on hospital medical records of 4053 mother-neonate pairs between May 16, 2016, and December 5, 2018. PMs were estimated at residential addresses based on validated spatiotemporal models. Moreover, total street length in 100, 300 and 500m buffers around the home, residential distance to the ring road, major roads, heavy-traffic lights, gas station, motorway junction, bank, square, bus terminal, public parking and industrial land-use were calculated as indicators of traffic. The head circumference (HC), birth weight (BW) and birth length (BL) of neonates were collected as NAPM. Multivariate regression models were applied to evaluate the relationship between PMs and indicators of traffic with NAPM, controlled for relevant covariates. The median (IQR) of BW, BL, and HC of newborns were 3250 (592) gr, 51.0 (3.5) cm, 35 (2) cm, respectively. The adjusted models revealed that higher exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was significantly related with lower BW and BL. Similar results were observed for total street length in a 100 m buffer around maternal home with BW and BL. Moreover, higher distance to heavy traffic lights was significantly associated with higher BW and BL. An IQR increase in PM10 was significantly related to lower HC (95% CI: 0.11, -0.01, P-value = 0.03). An increase in distance from residential address to heavy traffic lights, ring roads, bus terminal, and transportation land-use was associated with higher HC. Overall, our findings suggested that higher prenatal exposure to TRAP was related with lower BW, BL and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afshin Dowlatabadi
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Moslem Lari Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mina Ghalenovi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Nasim Sadat Pajohanfar
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saeede Ghezi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saide Mehrabadi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Elahe Hasannejad Estiri
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miri
- Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
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do Nascimento FP, de Almeida MF, Gouveia N. Individual and contextual socioeconomic status as effect modifier in the air pollution-birth outcome association. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149790. [PMID: 34481165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have examined whether air pollution is associated with adverse births outcomes, but it is not clear if socioeconomic status (SES) modifies this relationship. OBJECTIVES We investigated if maternal education and area-level socioeconomic status modified the relationship between ozone, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10) on preterm births (PTB; gestational age <37 weeks) and term low birth weight (TLBW; weight < 2500 g on term deliveries). METHODS Analyses were based on almost 1 million singleton live births in São Paulo municipality between 2011 and 2016. The final sample included 979,306 births for PTB analysis and 888,133 for TLBW analysis. Exposure to PM10, NO2 and O3 were based on date of birth and estimated for the entire gestation and for each trimester. Multilevel logistic regression models were conducted to examine the effect of air pollutants on both adverse birth outcomes and whether it was modified by individual and area-level SES. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, over the entire pregnancy, a 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 and PM10 was associated with increased chance of PTB (odds ratio; OR = 1.14 CI 1.13, 1.16 and 1.08 CI = 1.02, 1.15 respectively) and PM10 with TLBW (OR = 1.08 CI 1.03, 1.14). Associations were modified by maternal educational and area-level SES for both outcomes. Mothers of lower education had an additional chance of PTB and TLBW due to PM10 exposure (OR = 1.04 CI 1.04, 1.05 and 1.10 CI 1.08, 1.14 respectively), while mothers living in low SES areas have an additional chance for TLBW (OR = 1.05 CI 1.03, 1.06). Similar modification effects were found for O3 exposure. Trimester specific associations were weaker but followed a similar pattern. CONCLUSION Socioeconomic status modifies the effect of air pollution on adverse birth outcomes. Results indicate that mothers with lower SES may be more susceptible to air pollution effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nelson Gouveia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Costello JM, Steurer MA, Baer RJ, Witte JS, Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL. Residential particulate matter, proximity to major roads, traffic density and traffic volume as risk factors for preterm birth in California. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2022; 36:70-79. [PMID: 34797570 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While pollution from vehicle sources is an established risk factor for preterm birth, it is unclear whether distance of residence to the nearest major road or related measures like major road density represent useful measures for characterising risk. OBJECTIVE To determine whether major road proximity measures (including distance to major road, major road density and traffic volume) are more useful risk factors for preterm birth than other established vehicle-related measures (including particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5 ) and diesel particulate matter (diesel PM)). METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 2.7 million births across the state of California from 2011-2017; each address at delivery was geocoded. Geocoding was used to calculate distance to the nearest major road, major road density within a 500 m radius and major road density weighted by truck volume. We measured associations with preterm birth using risk ratios adjusted for target demographic, clinical, socioeconomic and environmental covariates (aRRs). We compared these to the associations between preterm birth and PM2.5 and diesel PM by census tract of residence. RESULTS Findings showed that whereas higher mean levels of PM2.5 and diesel PM by census tract were associated with a higher risk of preterm birth, living closer to roads or living in higher traffic density areas was not associated with higher risk. Residence in a census tract with a mean PM2.5 in the top quartile compared with the lowest quartile was associated with the highest observed risk of preterm birth (aRR 1.04, 95% CI 1.04, 1.05). CONCLUSIONS Over a large geographical region with a diverse population, PM2.5 and diesel PM were associated with preterm birth, while measures of distance to major road were not, suggesting that these distance measures do not serve as a proxy for measures of particulate matter in the context of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Costello
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Program in Biological and Medical Informatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martina A Steurer
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Baer
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura L Jelliffe-Pawlowski
- California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Kato N, Sauvaget C, Yoshida H, Yokoyama T, Yoshiike N. Factors associated with birthweight decline in Japan (1980-2004). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:337. [PMID: 33906616 PMCID: PMC8080357 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birthweight has been declining consistently for more than 30 years in Japan. This rapid rise in low birthweight is one of the worst among the countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. We examined potential determinants of birthweight decline in Japan. METHODS We used population-based birth certificate data from vital statistics records and retrieved 40,968,266 birth certificates of neonates born between 1980 and 2004. We analyzed time trends using linear regression analysis in examining whether the decline in birthweight could be explained by obstetrical variables such as gestational age and multiple gestations. RESULTS From 1980 to 2004, we observed a decline in mean birthweight with a yearly effect of - 8.07 g, which became steeper after 1985, persisted until 1999, and plateaued thereafter. After adjusting for gestational age, gender, birth order, multiple gestations, and fathers' age, the yearly effect between 1980 and 2004 persisted at - 5.13 g. CONCLUSION Recent decreases in birthweight among Japanese neonates were not fully explained by trends in gestational age, gender, birth order, multiple gestations, and fathers' age. Thus, additional factors such as pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) and maternal diet should be considered. Reducing the rate of induced deliveries and improving the BMI or diet of young women should be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kato
- Department of Early Child Care and Education, Jumonji University, Niiza, Japan.
| | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
| | - Honami Yoshida
- Center for Innovation Policy, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yoshiike
- Department of Nutrition, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan
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Santri IN, Jiang CB, Chen YH, Wu CD, Zou ML, Chien LC, Lo YC, Chao HJ. Associations of birth outcomes with air pollution and land use characteristics in the Greater Taipei Area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141579. [PMID: 32853937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the effects of environmental factors on birth outcomes is crucial for public health because newborns' birth size affects their likelihood of childhood survival, risk of perinatal morbidity, and subsequent health and growth. Therefore, we investigated the associations of birth outcomes with prenatal air pollutant exposure and residential land use characteristics in the Greater Taipei Area. METHODS Participants were selected from the Longitudinal Examination across Prenatal and Postpartum Health in Taiwan study, which is an ongoing prospective study launched in July 2011. Parental sociodemographic data and medical histories were collected using standardized questionnaires. Mean air pollutant levels during each trimester were estimated using the spatial interpolation technique (Ordinary Kriging). Land use types surrounding participants' homes were evaluated within a designated radius of their residential addresses. We used multiple regressions to examine relationships between birth outcomes (i.e., birth weight, height, and head circumference) and environmental factors after adjustment for parental characteristics. RESULTS A total of 436 pregnant women-infant pairs were included. Birth weight was negatively associated with commercial land and greenhouse areas near the residence. Living near greenhouse areas negatively affected birth height, but higher greenness level within 100 m of the residence had a positive effect. Birth head circumference was only associated with sociodemographic factors in the multivariate model. CONCLUSION Land use types near the homes of pregnant women, but not exposure to air pollutants, were significantly associated with birth weight and height in the Greater Taipei Area. Increased greenness level was positively associated with birth height, and living near commercial or greenhouse areas had adverse effects on birth outcomes. Living in a healthy neighborhood is critical for the birth outcomes of infants and presumably their health in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Zou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing Jasmine Chao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ganji A, Minet L, Weichenthal S, Hatzopoulou M. Predicting Traffic-Related Air Pollution Using Feature Extraction from Built Environment Images. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10688-10699. [PMID: 32786568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study develops a set of algorithms to extract built environment features from Google aerial and street view images, reflecting the microcharacteristics of an urban location as well as the different functions of buildings. These features were used to train a Bayesian regularized artificial neural network (BRANN) model to predict near-road air quality based on measurements of ultrafine particles (UFPs) and black carbon (BC) in Toronto, Canada. The resulting models [adjusted R2 of 75.87 and 79.10% for UFP and BC and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 21,800 part/cm3 and 1300 ng/m3 for UFP and BC] were compared with similar ANN models developed using the same predictors, but extracted from traditional geographic information system (GIS) databases [adjusted R2 of 58.74 and 64.21% for UFP and BC and RMSE values of 23,000 part/cm3 and 1600 ng/m3 for UFP and BC]. The models based on feature extraction exhibited higher predictive power, thus highlighting the greater accuracy of the proposed methods compared to GIS layers that are solely based on aerial images. A comparison with other neural network approaches as well as with a traditional land-use regression model demonstrates the strength of the BRANN model for spatial interpolation of air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Ganji
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Laura Minet
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Marianne Hatzopoulou
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
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Schraufnagel DE, Balmes JR, Cowl CT, De Matteis S, Jung SH, Mortimer K, Perez-Padilla R, Rice MB, Riojas-Rodriguez H, Sood A, Thurston GD, To T, Vanker A, Wuebbles DJ. Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases: A Review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies' Environmental Committee, Part 1: The Damaging Effects of Air Pollution. Chest 2018; 155:409-416. [PMID: 30419235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution poses a great environmental risk to health. Outdoor fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) exposure is the fifth leading risk factor for death in the world, accounting for 4.2 million deaths and > 103 million disability-adjusted life years lost according to the Global Burden of Disease Report. The World Health Organization attributes 3.8 million additional deaths to indoor air pollution. Air pollution can harm acutely, usually manifested by respiratory or cardiac symptoms, as well as chronically, potentially affecting every organ in the body. It can cause, complicate, or exacerbate many adverse health conditions. Tissue damage may result directly from pollutant toxicity because fine and ultrafine particles can gain access to organs, or indirectly through systemic inflammatory processes. Susceptibility is partly under genetic and epigenetic regulation. Although air pollution affects people of all regions, ages, and social groups, it is likely to cause greater illness in those with heavy exposure and greater susceptibility. Persons are more vulnerable to air pollution if they have other illnesses or less social support. Harmful effects occur on a continuum of dosage and even at levels below air quality standards previously considered to be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean E Schraufnagel
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - John R Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Clayton T Cowl
- Divisions of Preventive, Occupational, and Aerospace Medicine, and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sara De Matteis
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soon-Hee Jung
- Department of Pathology, Wonju Colleage of Medicine Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mary B Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Akshay Sood
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM
| | - George D Thurston
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Teresa To
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anessa Vanker
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health & MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Donald J Wuebbles
- School of Earth, Society, and Environment, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Gong X, Lin Y, Bell ML, Zhan FB. Associations between maternal residential proximity to air emissions from industrial facilities and low birth weight in Texas, USA. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:181-198. [PMID: 30096612 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most previous studies examining associations between maternal exposures to air pollutants during pregnancy and low birth weight (LBW) in offspring focused on criteria air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, CO, and Pb). The relationship between non-criteria air pollutants and LBW is understudied and requires greater coverage. OBJECTIVES This study investigated associations between maternal residential exposure to industrial air pollutants during pregnancy and LBW in offspring. METHODS This study used a case-control study design that included 94,106 term LBW cases and 376,424 controls. It covered 78 air pollutants common to both the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and ground air quality monitoring databases in Texas during 1996-2008. A modified version of the Emission Weighted Proximity Model (EWPM), calibrated with ground monitoring data, was used to estimate maternal residential exposure to industrial air pollutants during pregnancy. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) reflecting the associations of maternal exposure to industrial air pollutants and LBW in offspring, adjusted for child's sex, gestational weeks, maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, marital status, prenatal care, tobacco use during pregnancy, public health region of maternal residence, and year of birth. In addition, the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied to the results of logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Relative to the non-exposed reference group, maternal residential exposure to benzene (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 1.08), benzo(g,h,i)perylene (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02, 1.07), cumene (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03, 1.07), cyclohexane (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02, 1.07), dichloromethane (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.07), ethylbenzene (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03, 1.06), ethylene (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03, 1.09), mercury (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02, 1.07), naphthalene (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01, 1.05), n-hexane (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04, 1.08), propylene (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.03, 1.10), styrene (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04, 1.08), toluene (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03, 1.07), and zinc (fume or dust) (aOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06, 1.13) was found to have significantly higher odds of LBW in offspring. When the estimated exposures were categorized into four different groups (zero, low, medium, and high) in the analysis, eleven of the fourteen air pollutants, with the exception of benzo(g,h,i)perylene, ethylene, and propylene, remained as significant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that maternal residential proximity to industrial facilities emitting any of the fourteen pollutants identified by this study during pregnancy may be associated with LBW in offspring. With the exception of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and zinc, the rest of the fourteen air pollutants are identified as LBW risk factors for the first time by this study. Further epidemiological, biological, and toxicological studies are suggested to verify the findings from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gong
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - F Benjamin Zhan
- Texas Center for Geographic Information Science, Department of Geography, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
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Using a Clustering Approach to Investigate Socio-Environmental Inequality in Preterm Birth-A Study Conducted at Fine Spatial Scale in Paris (France). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091895. [PMID: 30200368 PMCID: PMC6163167 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Today, to support public policies aiming to tackle environmental and health inequality, identification and monitoring of the spatial pattern of adverse birth outcomes are crucial. Spatial identification of the more vulnerable population to air pollution may orient health interventions. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the geographical distribution of the risk of preterm birth (PTB, gestational age ≤36 weeks) at the census block level in in city of Paris, France. We also aimed to assess the implication of neighborhood characteristics including air pollution and socio-economic deprivation. Material & Methods: Newborn health data are available from the first birth certificate registered by the Maternal and Child Care department of Paris. All PTB from January 2008 to December 2011 were geocoded at the mother residential census block. Each census block was assigned a socioeconomic deprivation level and annual average ambient concentrations of NO2. A spatial clustering approach was used to investigate the spatial distribution of PTB. Results: Our results highlight that PTB is non-randomly spatially distributed, with a cluster of high risk in the northeastern area of Paris (RR = 1.15; p = 0.06). After adjustment for socio-economic deprivation and NO2 concentrations, this cluster becomes not statistically significant or shifts suggesting that these characteristics explain the spatial distribution of PTB; further, their combination shows an interaction in comparison with SES or NO2 levels alone. Conclusions: Our results may inform the decision makers about the areas where public health efforts should be strengthened to tackle the risk of PTB and to choose the most appropriate and specific community-oriented health interventions.
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Maternal Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Pediatric Embryonal Tumors in Offspring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018. [PMID: 29533992 PMCID: PMC5877050 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The environmental determinants of pediatric embryonal tumors remain unclear. Because of the growing concern over the impact of exposures to traffic-related air pollution on pediatric cancer, we conducted a population-based study evaluating the impact of maternal residential proximity to major roadways on the risk of pediatric embryonal tumors in offspring. We identified children diagnosed with neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, retinoblastoma, or hepatoblastoma at <5 years of age from the Texas Cancer Registry and selected unaffected controls from birth certificates. Two residential proximity measures were used: (1) distance to the nearest major roadway, and (2) within 500 m of a major roadway. Logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each proximity measure on pediatric embryonal tumors. The odds of an embryonal tumor were increased in children born to mothers living within 500 m of a major roadway (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.54). This was consistent for most tumor subtypes, with the strongest associations observed for unilateral retinoblastoma (aOR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.28, 5.15, for every kilometer closer the mother lived to the nearest major roadway). These findings contribute to the growing evidence that traffic-related air pollution may increase risk for certain pediatric tumors.
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Koman PD, Hogan KA, Sampson N, Mandell R, Coombe CM, Tetteh MM, Hill-Ashford YR, Wilkins D, Zlatnik MG, Loch-Caruso R, Schulz AJ, Woodruff TJ. Examining Joint Effects of Air Pollution Exposure and Social Determinants of Health in Defining "At-Risk" Populations Under the Clean Air Act: Susceptibility of Pregnant Women to Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2018; 10:7-54. [PMID: 30197817 PMCID: PMC6126379 DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women are uniquely susceptible to adverse effects of air pollution exposure due to vulnerabilities and health consequences during pregnancy (e.g., hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [HDP]) compared to the general population. Because the Clean Air Act (CAA) creates a duty to protect at-risk groups, the regulatory assessment of at-risk populations has both policy and scientific foundations. Previously, pregnant women have not been specially protected in establishing the margin of safety for the ozone and particulate matter (PM) standards. Due to physiological changes, pregnant women can be at greater risk of adverse effects of air pollution and should be considered an at-risk population. Women with preexisting conditions, women experiencing poverty, and groups that suffer systematic discrimination may be particularly susceptible to cardiac effects of air pollutants during pregnancy. We rigorously reviewed 11 studies of over 1.3 million pregnant women in the United States to characterize the relationship between ozone or PM exposure and HDP. Findings were generally mixed, with a few studies reporting a joint association between ozone or PM and social determinants or pre-existing chronic health conditions related to HDP. Adequate evidence associates exposure to PM with an adverse effect of HDP among pregnant women not evident among non-gravid populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia D Koman
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences Department in Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelly A Hogan
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences Department in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and presently a research fellow in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Natalie Sampson
- University of Michigan-Dearborn, Department of Health & Human Services in Dearborn, Michigan
| | - Rebecca Mandell
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health in Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chris M Coombe
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior & Health Education in Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Myra M Tetteh
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior & Health Education in Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Marya G Zlatnik
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences in San Francisco, California
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences Department and director of the Michigan Center on Lifestage Environmental Exposures and Disease and director of the Environmental Toxicology and Epidemiology Program in Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Amy J Schulz
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, associate director for the Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, and co-lead for the Community Engagement Core for the Michigan Center on Lifestage Environmental Exposures and Disease at the University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- University of California, San Francisco in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies and the director of the Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment in San Francisco, California
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A Systematic Review of the Interplay Between Social Determinants and Environmental Exposures for Early-Life Outcomes. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 3:287-301. [PMID: 27344145 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Early-life social and environmental exposures have independent effects on many child health outcomes. Increasingly, investigators have suggested that these exposures, which commonly co-occur, may have synergistic effects and have thus begun to evaluate if environmental and social factors jointly contribute to child health. This systematic review summarizes findings and methodological approaches across studies examining the interplay between environmental and social exposures in relation to commonly assessed childhood health outcomes: asthma, cognition and behavior, perinatal outcomes, and obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Forty-one studies met the search criteria and were reviewed. Of these, 37, 34, and 29 % of studies focused on asthma, cognition/behavior, and perinatal outcomes, respectively. No study focused on obesity. Across all studies reviewed, 72 % observed significant synergistic associations between social and environmental exposures. Air pollution was the most frequently studied environmental exposure, and socioeconomic status was the most commonly studied social factor. The emerging evidence suggests that social and environmental risks may jointly affect child health. Recommendations for future research are discussed, including enhancing characterization of the social environment and broadening the types of environmental risks assessed.
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Woods N, Gilliland J, Seabrook JA. The influence of the built environment on adverse birth outcomes. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2017; 10:233-248. [PMID: 28854508 DOI: 10.3233/npm-16112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adverse birth outcomes are associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality, and higher risk for coronary heart disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension in adulthood. Although there has been considerable research investigating the association between maternal and environmental factors on adverse birth outcomes, one risk factor, not fully understood, is the influence of the built environment. A search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane was conducted to find articles assessing the influence of the built environment on preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and small-for-gestational-age (SGA). In total, 41 studies met our inclusion criteria, and were organized into nine categories: Roadways, Greenness, Power Plants, Gas Stations/Wells, Waste Management, Power Lines, Neighborhood Conditions, Food Environment, and Industry. The most common built environmental variable was roads/traffic, encompassing 17/41 (41%) of the articles reviewed, of which 12/17 (71%) found a significant small to moderate association between high traffic exposure and adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Woods
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, ON, Canada
| | - J Gilliland
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - J A Seabrook
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 14:ijerph14010003. [PMID: 28025522 PMCID: PMC5295254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that higher levels of traffic-related pollution exposure increase the risk of diabetes, but the association between road proximity and diabetes risk remains unclear. To assess and quantify the association between residential proximity to major roadways and type 2 diabetes, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Embase, Medline, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies. Using a random-effects meta-analysis, the summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated. Bayesian meta-analysis was also performed. Eight studies (6 cohort and 2 cross-sectional) with 158,576 participants were finally included. The summary unadjusted RR for type 2 diabetes associated with residential proximity to major roadways was 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.44, p = 0.001, I2 = 48.1%). The summary adjusted RR of type 2 diabetes associated with residential proximity to major roadways was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.03–1.22, p = 0.01, I2 = 17.9%). After excluding two cross-sectional studies, the summary results suggested that residential proximity to major roadways could increase type 2 diabetes risk (Adjusted RR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.27, p = 0.025, I2 = 36.6%). Bayesian meta-analysis showed that the unadjusted RR and adjusted RR of type 2 diabetes associated with residential proximity to major roadways were 1.22 (95% credibility interval: 1.06–1.55) and 1.13 (95% credibility interval: 1.01–1.31), respectively. The meta-analysis suggested that residential proximity to major roadways could significantly increase risk of type 2 diabetes, and it is an independent risk factor of type 2 diabetes. More well-designed studies are needed to further strengthen the evidence.
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Johnson S, Bobb JF, Ito K, Savitz DA, Elston B, Shmool JL, Dominici F, Ross Z, Clougherty JE, Matte T. Ambient Fine Particulate Matter, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Preterm Birth in New York City. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1283-90. [PMID: 26862865 PMCID: PMC4977049 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested associations between air pollution and various birth outcomes, but the evidence for preterm birth is mixed. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the relationship between air pollution and preterm birth using 2008-2010 New York City (NYC) birth certificates linked to hospital records. METHODS We analyzed 258,294 singleton births with 22-42 completed weeks gestation to nonsmoking mothers. Exposures to ambient fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) during the first, second, and cumulative third trimesters within 300 m of maternal address were estimated using data from the NYC Community Air Survey and regulatory monitors. We estimated the odds ratio (OR) of spontaneous preterm (gestation < 37 weeks) births for the first- and second-trimester exposures in a logistic mixed model, and the third-trimester cumulative exposures in a discrete time survival model, adjusting for maternal characteristics and delivery hospital. Spatial and temporal components of estimated exposures were also separately analyzed. RESULTS PM2.5 was not significantly associated with spontaneous preterm birth. NO2 in the second trimester was negatively associated with spontaneous preterm birth in the adjusted model (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.97 per 20 ppb). Neither pollutant was significantly associated with spontaneous preterm birth based on adjusted models of temporal exposures, whereas the spatial exposures showed significantly reduced odds ratios (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.96 per 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 and 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98 per 20 ppb NO2). Without adjustment for hospital, these negative associations were stronger. CONCLUSION Neither PM2.5 nor NO2 was positively associated with spontaneous preterm delivery in NYC. Delivery hospital was an important spatial confounder. CITATION Johnson S, Bobb JF, Ito K, Savitz DA, Elston B, Shmool JL, Dominici F, Ross Z, Clougherty JE, Matte T. 2016. Ambient fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and preterm birth in New York City. Environ Health Perspect 124:1283-1290; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Johnson
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
- Address correspondence to S. Johnson, Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, CN 34E, 125 Worth St., New York, NY 10013 USA. Telephone: (646) 632-6543. E-mail:
| | - Jennifer F. Bobb
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Ito
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
| | - David A. Savitz
- Department of Epidemiology, and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Beth Elston
- Department of Epidemiology, and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jessie L.C. Shmool
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zev Ross
- ZevRoss Spatial Analysis, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jane E. Clougherty
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Matte
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA
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Inoue S, Naruse H, Yorifuji T, Kato T, Murakoshi T, Doi H, Subramanian S. Impact of maternal and paternal smoking on birth outcomes. J Public Health (Oxf) 2016; 39:1-10. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Inoue
- Department of Nursing Science , Okayama Prefectural University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Hiroo Naruse
- Department of Obstetrics , Kaba Memorial Hospital , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Takashi Yorifuji
- Department of Human Ecology , Okayama University Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama , Japan
| | - Tsuguhiko Kato
- Department of Social Medicine , National Center for Child Health and Development , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takeshi Murakoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Perinatal Care Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Doi
- Department of Epidemiology , Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama , Japan
| | - S.V. Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA
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Estarlich M, Ballester F, Davdand P, Llop S, Esplugues A, Fernández-Somoano A, Lertxundi A, Guxens M, Basterrechea M, Tardón A, Sunyer J, Iñiguez C. Exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy and preterm birth: A Spanish multicenter birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:50-8. [PMID: 26851724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Preterm birth is a major determinant of infant mortality and morbidity. Air pollution has been suggested as a risk factor for preterm delivery; however, the scientific evidence on this impact remains inconsistent. We assessed the association between residential exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and preterm birth (gestational age at delivery <37 weeks) in Spain. METHODS This study was based on 2409 pregnant women participating in the INMA birth cohorts in Asturias, Gipuzkoa, Sabadell and Valencia. Ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene were estimated for each woman's residence for each trimester and for the whole pregnancy, using temporally adjusted land-use regression models. The association between air pollution exposure and preterm birth was assessed for each cohort separately by means of logistic regression models controlling for potential confounders, under single- and two-pollutant models, for all the women in the study and for those spending more than 15h/day at home. Combined estimates of the association across cohorts were obtained through meta-analysis. RESULTS Throughout the whole sample, suggestive but no statistically significant associations were found between exposure and preterm birth. For pregnant women spending more time at home significant associations were found for both pollutants, under single- and two-pollutant models. Under the last ones, NO2 exposure during the second trimester and the whole pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery (OR=1.58, (95%CI: 1.04-2.42) per 10μg/m(3) increase). Benzene exposure during the third trimester was also associated with preterm birth in that subsample (OR=1.45, (95%CI: 1.00-2.09) per 1μg/m(3) increase). CONCLUSION We found suggestive associations between NO2 and benzene exposure during pregnancy and preterm birth. Estimates of the association were higher among women who spent more time at home, probably reflecting a better exposure assessment in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Estarlich
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Payam Davdand
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Esplugues
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández-Somoano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; University of the Basque Country, EHU/UPV, Spain; Health Research Institute (BIODONOSTIA), Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mikel Basterrechea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, San Sebastián, Spain; Health Research Institute (BIODONOSTIA), Spain
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Risk factors of different congenital heart defects in Guangdong, China. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:549-58. [PMID: 26679154 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have evaluated the risk factors for congenital heart defects (CHDs) in China and compared them for different types of CHDs. This study examined risk factors between isolated and multiple CHDs as well as among CHDs subtypes in Guangdong, Southern China. METHODS This population-based case-control study included 4,034 pairs of case and control infants enrolled in the Guangdong Registry of CHD study, 2004-2013. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compute adjusted odds ratios (ORs) while simultaneously controlling for confounders. RESULTS Multiple maternal environmental exposures, including living in newly renovated rooms, residential proximity to main traffic, paternal smoking, and maternal occupation as manual worker, were significantly associated with CHDs with ORs ranging 1.30-9.43. Maternal perinatal diseases (including maternal fever, diabetes, influenza, and threatened abortion), maternal medication use (antibiotic use), advanced maternal age, low socioeconomic status, and paternal alcohol intake were also significantly associated with CHDs, with ORs ranging 1.60-3.96. Isolated CHDs and multiple defects have different profiles of risk factors, while subtype of CHD shares common risk factors. CONCLUSION These results suggest that maternal environmental exposures/occupation and perinatal diseases/medication use were dominant risk factors associated with CHDs in Southern China. Isolated and multiple CHDs may have different etiologic factors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND For the past two decades, several studies have reported associations between elevated levels of ambient air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes, although with varying conclusions. OBJECTIVES To examine possible associations between the traffic pollution situation at the home address, for women who did not change address during pregnancy, and three types of pregnancy outcomes: spontaneous preterm delivery, children born small for gestational age (SGA) and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders. METHODS We used data for the Greater Stockholm Area from the Swedish Medical Birth Register to construct a cohort based on all pregnancies conceived between July 1997 and March 2006, n = 100 190. The pregnancy average nitrogen oxide, NOx, levels and annual mean daily vehicles at the home address were used as exposure variables. Mixed-model logistic regression was performed to assess any associations between exposure and outcome. RESULTS There was an association between elevated traffic pollution exposure during pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders. A 10 µg/m(3) increase in the pregnancy average NOx level at the home address resulted in an OR of 1.17 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.26). The 2nd to 4th quartiles of NOx were all associated with an increased risk of SGA, but there was no difference in the risk estimate among the higher quartiles. There was a tendency of a higher risk of spontaneous preterm delivery in relation to higher levels of NOx. There was no evidence of an association between vehicle flow, the cruder indicator of traffic pollution, and the studied outcomes in this study. CONCLUSIONS In this large cohort, there was a fairly strong association between vehicle exhaust levels at the home address and pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders, after adjustment for important risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Mogren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ogneva-Himmelberger Y, Dahlberg T, Kelly K, Simas TAM. Using Geographic Information Science to Explore Associations between Air Pollution, Environmental Amenities, and Preterm Births. AIMS Public Health 2015; 2:469-486. [PMID: 29546120 PMCID: PMC5690245 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2015.3.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study uses geographic information science (GIS) and statistics to find out if there are statistical differences between full term and preterm births to non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic mothers in their exposure to air pollution and access to environmental amenities (green space and vendors of healthy food) in the second largest city in New England, Worcester, Massachusetts. Proximity to a Toxic Release Inventory site has a statistically significant effect on preterm birth regardless of race. The air-pollution hazard score from the Risk Screening Environmental Indicators Model is also a statistically significant factor when preterm births are categorized into three groups based on the degree of prematurity. Proximity to green space and to a healthy food vendor did not have an effect on preterm births. The study also used cluster analysis and found statistically significant spatial clusters of high preterm birth volume for non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler Dahlberg
- Department of International Development, Community and Environment, Clark University, Worcester, MA,
| | - Kristen Kelly
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA,
| | - Tiffany A. Moore Simas
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School/UMass Memorial Health Care, Worcester, MA
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Habermann M, Gouveia N. Socioeconomic position and low birth weight among mothers exposed to traffic-related air pollution. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113900. [PMID: 25426640 PMCID: PMC4245223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atmospheric pollution is a major public health concern. It can affect placental function and restricts fetal growth. However, scientific knowledge remains too limited to make inferences regarding causal associations between maternal exposure to air pollution and adverse effects on pregnancy. This study evaluated the association between low birth weight (LBW) and maternal exposure during pregnancy to traffic related air pollutants (TRAP) in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods and findings Analysis included 5,772 cases of term-LBW (<2,500 g) and 5,814 controls matched by sex and month of birth selected from the birth registration system. Mothers’ addresses were geocoded to estimate exposure according to 3 indicators: distance from home to heavy traffic roads, distance-weighted traffic density (DWTD) and levels of particulate matter ≤10 µg/m3 estimated through land use regression (LUR-PM10). Final models were evaluated using multiple logistic regression adjusting for birth, maternal and pregnancy characteristics. We found decreased odds in the risk of LBW associated with DWTD and LUR-PM10 in the highest quartiles of exposure with a significant linear trend of decrease in risk. The analysis with distance from heavy traffic roads was less consistent. It was also observed that mothers with higher education and neighborhood-level income were potentially more exposed to TRAP. Conclusions This study found an unexpected decreased risk of LBW associated with traffic related air pollution. Mothers with advantaged socioeconomic position (SEP) although residing in areas of higher vehicular traffic might not in fact be more expose to air pollution. It can also be that the protection against LBW arising from a better SEP is stronger than the effect of exposure to air pollution, and this exposure may not be sufficient to increase the risk of LBW for these mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Habermann
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Nelson Gouveia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Amegah AK, Jaakkola JJ. Work as a street vendor, associated traffic-related air pollution exposures and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Accra, Ghana. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:354-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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