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Al-Shaarani AAQA, Pecoraro L. A review of pathogenic airborne fungi and bacteria: unveiling occurrence, sources, and profound human health implication. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1428415. [PMID: 39364169 PMCID: PMC11446796 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1428415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Airborne fungi and bacteria have been extensively studied by researchers due to their significant effects on human health. We provided an overview of the distribution and sources of airborne pathogenic microbes, and a detailed description of the detrimental effects that these microorganisms cause to human health in both outdoor and indoor environments. By analyzing the large body of literature published in this field, we offered valuable insights into how airborne microbes influence our well-being. The findings highlight the harmful consequences associated with the exposure to airborne fungi and bacteria in a variety of natural and human-mediated environments. Certain demographic groups, including children and the elderly, immunocompromised individuals, and various categories of workers are particularly exposed and vulnerable to the detrimental effect on health of air microbial pollution. A number of studies performed up to date consistently identified Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium as the predominant fungal genera in various indoor and outdoor environments. Among bacteria, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas emerged as the dominant genera in air samples collected from numerous environments. All these findings contributed to expanding our knowledge on airborne microbe distribution, emphasizing the crucial need for further research and increased public awareness. Collectively, these efforts may play a vital role in safeguarding human health in the face of risks posed by airborne microbial contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amran A. Q. A. Al-Shaarani
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Moganshan Research Institute at Deqing County, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Moganshan Research Institute at Deqing County, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Non- Aspergillus Hyaline Molds: A Host-Based Perspective of Emerging Pathogenic Fungi Causing Sinopulmonary Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020212. [PMID: 36836326 PMCID: PMC9964096 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of invasive sino-pulmonary diseases due to non-Aspergillus hyaline molds is increasing due to an enlarging and evolving population of immunosuppressed hosts as well as improvements in the capabilities of molecular-based diagnostics. Herein, we review the following opportunistic pathogens known to cause sinopulmonary disease, the most common manifestation of hyalohyphomycosis: Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp., Lomentospora prolificans, Scopulariopsis spp., Trichoderma spp., Acremonium spp., Paecilomyces variotii, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Rasamsonia argillacea species complex, Arthrographis kalrae, and Penicillium species. To facilitate an understanding of the epidemiology and clinical features of sino-pulmonary hyalohyphomycoses in the context of host immune impairment, we utilized a host-based approach encompassing the following underlying conditions: neutropenia, hematologic malignancy, hematopoietic and solid organ transplantation, chronic granulomatous disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and healthy individuals who sustain burns, trauma, or iatrogenic exposures. We further summarize the pre-clinical and clinical data informing antifungal management for each pathogen and consider the role of adjunctive surgery and/or immunomodulatory treatments to optimize patient outcome.
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Ezeabara CA, Ihedimbu MC, Anyanele WC. Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte Ex O’rorke) Baill. PHARMACOPHORE 2023. [DOI: 10.51847/u7or0dujkm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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Bhavsar S, Sheikh A, Dekio F, Noor A. Invasive rhinosinusitis due to Penicillium chrysogenum in an adolescent man with new-onset leukaemia: a diagnostic dilemma. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e252265. [PMID: 36593629 PMCID: PMC9743282 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-252265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An adolescent boy with newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia developed right eye and facial pain, and a 1 cm × 2 cm area of black eschar over his hard palate. Initial differential diagnosis included rhinocerebral mucormycosis and aspergillosis, and he was started on liposomal amphotericin B. Later, he underwent nine surgical debridements of his sinus cavities, resection of a third of his palate and right orbital exenteration. While histological specimens exhibited features of both Aspergillus and Mucor, a PCR assay detected Penicillium chrysogenum He was successfully treated with amphotericin B and Posaconazole. P. chrysogenum has been reported in a rare case of endocarditis, a case of post-traumatic endophthalmitis, disseminated infection in a child with Henoch-Schonlein syndrome, and one fatal adult case of invasive rhinosinusitis. While infection from Penicillium species is rare, it should be considered as a cause of invasive rhinosinusitis in cases of unclear histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Bhavsar
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alina Sheikh
- Pediatrics, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Fumiko Dekio
- Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Asif Noor
- Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
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da Silva TH, Queres Gomes EC, Gonçalves VN, da Costa MC, Valério AD, de Assis Santos D, Johann S, Convey P, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Does maritime Antarctic permafrost harbor environmental fungi with pathogenic potential? Fungal Biol 2022; 126:488-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yahya Allawi M, Salim Al-Taie B, Hmoshi RM. Isolation and Identification of Penicillium rubens from the Local Strain in Mosul, Iraq, and Investigation of Potassium Phosphate Effect on its Growth. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2022; 77:421-427. [PMID: 35891733 PMCID: PMC9288601 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.356684.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Penicillium species is one of the most common microscopic filamentous fungi that have been isolated from widespread substrates. In this study, soil samples from different areas of Mosul, Iraq, were examined by morphological and molecular methods. Fungi were isolated and grown in diagnostic culture media, including Czapek Yeast Extract Agar, Malt Extract Agar, and 25% Glycerol nitrate agar at different temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. The growth rate of the fungus was also evaluated in the culture containing K2HPO4. In the molecular method, the obtained fragment was sequenced using the Internal Transcribed Spacer region primers after replication. Morphological evaluation of both macroscopic and microscopic features revealed that strains were Penicillium rubens, and molecular methods used have confirmed the isolated strain. The results of this study showed a decrease in the diameters of the colonies at different growth temperatures when doubling the amount of K2HPO4. In addition, the findings revealed that compared to growth inhibition in the control groups, the maximum growth inhibition was 16 and 29 mm on Czapek Dox Agar (modified) medium at incubation temperatures of 20°C and 25°C, respectively. As a result, K2HPO4 has an important role in inhibiting growth; therefore, it can be used as Fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yahya Allawi
- Environmental Science Department, College of Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - B Salim Al-Taie
- Environmental Science Department, College of Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - R M Hmoshi
- Environmental Science Department, College of Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Guo LN, Yu SY, Wang Y, Liu YL, Yuan Y, Duan SM, Yang WH, Jia XM, Zhao Y, Xiao M, Xie XL, Dou HT, Hsueh PR, Xu YC. Species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Penicillium and Talaromyces species in China. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 58:106349. [PMID: 33905861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Morphologically identified Penicillium (n = 103) and Talaromyces marneffei (n = 8) isolates were collected from various clinical sources between 2016 and 2017 at a medical centre in Beijing, China. Identification to species level was confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, β-tubulin gene (benA) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) gene. Of the 111 isolates, 56 (50.5%) were identified as Penicillium spp. and 55 (49.5%) as Talaromyces spp. Eleven species of Penicillium were detected, of which Penicillium oxalicum was the commonest, accounting for 51.8% (29/56), followed by Penicillium rubens (10.7%; 6/56) and Penicillium citrinum (10.7%; 6/56). Among the 55 Talaromyces isolates, nine species were identified, with Talaromyces funiculosus (36.4%; 20/55), Talaromyces stollii (27.3%; 15/55) and Talaromyces marneffei (14.5%; 8/55) being the most common. Of note, 89.3% (50/56) of the Penicillium isolates and 98.2% (54/55) of the Talaromyces isolates exhibited growth at 37°C. The isolates were mainly recovered from patients with pulmonary disorders (56.8%; 63/111), autoimmune disease (12.6%; 14/111) and AIDS (5.4%; 6/111). The azoles and amphotericin B exhibited potent activity against T. marneffei, while various levels of activity were observed against Penicillium and other Talaromyces species The echinocandins had the lowest MECs (MEC90, ≤0.12 mg/L) against most Penicillium and Talaromyces species, with the exception of T. marneffei whose MEC90 (4 mg/L) was five or more dilutions higher than that of the other species tested. These data on the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility expand the current clinical knowledge of Penicillium and Talaromyces species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Ying Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Si-Meng Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hang Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Miao Jia
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Tao Dou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases (BZ0447), Beijing, China.
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Igiehon OO, Adekoya AE, Idowu AT. A review on the consumption of vended fruits: microbial assessment, risk, and its control. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fruits are very beneficial to health and their consumption has been recommended in daily diets. However, when fresh fruits are harvested and processed into sliced ready-to-eat or vended forms for sale, hygienic procedures are neglected. Thus, they are easily infested by pathogens. In addition, uneducated vendors who sell these fruits often display or hawk them on the streets in contaminated containers, utensils, or dirty environments. This poses a great threat to the health of consumers. In the light of this realization, some microbial assessments have been carried out to ascertain the safety of these vended fruits, thus making it a necessity to exploit the outcomes of some of these microbial assessments on vended fruits in order to sensitize the consumers on the effect of their consumption and mitigate risk by improving their quality. This will assist to lower certain health concerns, an outbreak of diseases, and death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony Temitope Idowu
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and docking study of some novel 4-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)methylamino derivatives carrying biologically active sulfonamide moiety. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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The Dose of Fungal Aerosol Inhaled by Workers in a Waste-Sorting Plant in Poland: A Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010177. [PMID: 31881797 PMCID: PMC6982232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioaerosol monitoring is a rapidly emerging area in the context of work environments because microbial pollution is a key element of indoor air pollution and plays an important role in certain infectious diseases and allergies. However, as yet, relatively little is known about inhaled doses of microorganisms in workplaces. Today, the important issue of social concern is due to waste management, transport, sorting, and processing of wastes and their environmental impact and effects on public health. In fact, waste management activities can have numerous adverse effects on human wellbeing. Health effects are generally linked to exposure (EX), defined as the concentration of a contaminant and the length of time a person is exposed to this concentration. Dose is an effective tool for evaluating the quantity of a contaminant that actually crosses the body’s boundaries and influences the goal tissue. This document presents an analysis of the fungal waste-sorting plant EX dose (FWSPED) inhaled by workers in a waste-sorting plant (WSP) in Poland in March 2019. The main purpose of this research was to assess FWSPED inhaled by workers in two cabins at the WSP: the preliminary manual sorting cabin (PSP) and the purification manual sorting cabin (quality control; QSP). It was found that the FWSPED inhaled by workers was 193 CFU/kg in the PSP and 185 CFU/kg in the QSP. Fungal particles were quantitatively evaluated and qualitatively identified by the GEN III Biolog system. During the research, it was found that isolates belonging to the Aspergilus flavus and Penicillum chrysogenum strains were detected most frequently in the WSP. The total elimination of many anthropogenic sources is not possible, but the important findings of this research can be used to develop realistic management policies and methods to improve the biological air quality of WSPs for effective protection of WSP workers.
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Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 2-(((2-ether)amino)methylene)-dimedone derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. Microb Pathog 2018; 114:431-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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A Case of Fungus Ball-Type Maxillary Sinusitis Due to Penicillium Roqueforti. Mycopathologia 2017; 183:439-443. [PMID: 29075960 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Penicillium genera, encompassing about 225 different species of fungi, are naturally present in the environment. These genera are poorly linked to human disease, except for Penicillium marneffei causing septicemia in immunocompromised hosts. Thus, Penicillium species recovered from respiratory tract samples are often considered as inhaled contaminants in the clinical laboratory. However, we report here a case of fungal maxillary sinusitis due to Penicillium roqueforti diagnosed in a 40-year-old female, a teacher, complaining of moderate pain for months in the maxillary sinus and chronic posterior rhinorrhea. CT scanner and MRI enabled a preliminary diagnosis of left maxillary fungus ball-type sinusitis with calcified material seen on CT and marked very low signal in T2 weighted images seen on MRI. Anatomopathological and mycological examination of sinusal content showed septate hyphae. Direct sequencing of the sinusal content revealed P. roqueforti. P. roqueforti has been traditionally used in France for more than 200 years for cheese ripening. However, to our knowledge, this ascomycetous fungus has very rarely been associated in the literature with human disease. P. roqueforti is associated only with cheese worker's lung, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis affecting employees in blue cheese factories. Other species in the Penicillium genus are reported to cause various disorders such as invasive infection, superficial infection or allergic diseases. P. roqueforti has never previously been reported as a cause of human infection. Thus, we report the first case of fungus ball due to P. roqueforti in an immunocompetent patient.
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Holý O, Matoušková I, Kubátová A, Hamal P, Svobodová L, Jurásková E, Raida L. Monitoring of Microscopic Filamentous Fungi in Indoor Air of Transplant Unit. Cent Eur J Public Health 2016; 23:331-4. [PMID: 26841147 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to control the microbial contamination of indoor air monitored monthly at the Transplant Unit of the University Hospital Olomouc from August 2010 to July 2011. METHODS The unit is equipped with a three-stage air filtration system with HEPA filters. The MAS-100 air sampler (Merck, GER) was used. Twenty locations were singled out for the purposes of collecting a total of 720 samplings of the indoor air. Swabs of the HVAC diffusers at the sampling locations were always carried out after the sampling of the indoor air. RESULTS In total, 480 samples of the indoor air were taken for Sabouraud chloramphenicol agar. In 11 cases (2.29%) the cultivation verified the presence of microscopic filamentous fungi. Only two cases involved the sanitary facilities of a patient isolation box; the other positive findings were from the facilities. The most frequent established genus was Aspergillus spp. (4x), followed by Trichoderma spp. (2x) and Penicillium spp. (2x), Paecilomyces spp., Eurotium spp., and Chrysonilia spp. (1x each). In 2 cases the cultivation established sterile aerial mycelium, unfortunately no further identification was possible. A total of 726 swabs of HVAC diffusers were collected (2 positive-0.28%). The study results demonstrated the efficacy of the HVAC equipment. CONCLUSIONS With the continuing increase in the number of severely immunocompromised patients, hospitals are faced with the growing problem of invasive aspergillosis and other opportunistic infections. Preventive monitoring of microbial air contaminants is of major importance for the control of invasive aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Holý
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivanka Matoušková
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hamal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Svobodová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Jurásková
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Raida
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Shokouhi S, Tehrani S, Hemmatian M. Mixed Pulmonary Infection with Penicillium notatum and Pneumocystis jiroveci in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. TANAFFOS 2016; 15:53-6. [PMID: 27403180 PMCID: PMC4937763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Penicillium notatum is a fungus that widely exists in the environment and is often non-pathogenic to humans. However, in immunocompromised hosts it may be recognized as a cause of systemic mycosis. A 44-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was admitted to our hospital with fever and neutropenia. Due to no improvement after initial treatment, he underwent bronchoscopy. The patient was found to have P. notatum and Pneumocystis jiroveci infection, and therefore was given voriconazole, primaquine and clindamycin. The patient was successfully treated and suffered no complications. CONCLUSION This case highlights P. notatum as a cause of infection in immunocompromised patients. To the best of our knowledge, mixed lung infection with P. notatum and P. jiroveci in a patient with AML has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Shokouhi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Infectious Disease Ward, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Correspondence to: Shokouhi Sh, Address: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Infectious Disease Ward, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran, Email address:
| | - Shabnam Tehrani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Infectious Disease Ward, Labbafinejad Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Hemmatian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Monitoring of the environment at the transplant unit-hemato-oncology clinic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:9480-90. [PMID: 25222472 PMCID: PMC4199030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110909480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Aim of this study was to monitor the environment at the Transplant Unit—Hemato-Oncology Clinic, University Hospital Olomouc (Olomouc, Czech Republic) and identify risks for the patients. Methods and Results: Microorganisms were cultivated under standard aerobic conditions. Strains were biochemically identified using the BD Phoenix™ PID Panel (USA). Legionella pneumophila was identified by DNA sequencing. From the air, the most frequently isolated strains were coagulase-negative staphylococci (94.3%), Micrococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. No Gram-negative strains were isolated from the air. From the surfaces, the most frequently isolated Gram-positive strains were coagulase-negative staphylococci (67.4%), Bacillus spp., enterococci (5.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.3%) and Micrococcus spp. (1.7%). From the surfaces, the most frequently isolated Gram-negative strains were from genera Pseudomonas (28%), Enterobacter (28%), E. coli (6%), and Klebsiella spp. (5%). From the personnel, the most frequently isolated Gram-positive strains were coagulase-negative staphylococci (59.6%), Bacillus spp. (24.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (9.8%). From the personnel, the most frequently isolated Gram-negative strains were Enterobacter spp. (61%), Klebsiella oxytoca (18%), and E. coli (11%). Microscopic filamentous fungi were isolated in 13 cases (2.71%). Isolated strains were Aspergillus spp. (4), Trichoderma spp. (2), Penicillium spp. (2), one case of the strains Paecilomyces spp., Eurotium spp., Monilia spp. Conclusions: The study found no significant deviations in the microbial contamination of the cleanroom air. The personnel entrance of the Transplant Unit represent a high risk area, an extreme value (7270 CFU/m3) was recorded. Regime measures are fully effective, no other deficiencies were found. Significance and Impact of the Study: This epidemiological study, which was held for the duration of one year at the Transplant Unit—Hemato-Oncology Clinic, University Hospital Olomouc. The study monitored microbial contamination of the cleanroom air, surfaces, water, colonization of the personnel by bacterial strains of epidemiological consequence.
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Chowdhary A, Kathuria S, Agarwal K, Sachdeva N, Singh PK, Jain S, Meis JF. Voriconazole-Resistant Penicillium oxalicum: An Emerging Pathogen in Immunocompromised Hosts. Open Forum Infect Dis 2014; 1:ofu029. [PMID: 25734109 PMCID: PMC4281804 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofu029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium species are rarely reported agents of infections in immunocompromised patients. We report 3 cases of invasive mycosis caused by voriconazole-resistant Penicillium oxalicum in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while on voriconazole therapy. Penicillium oxalicum has not been previously recognized as a cause of invasive mycoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shallu Kathuria
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Kshitij Agarwal
- Rajan Babu Institute of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis , Delhi , India
| | - Neelam Sachdeva
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre , Delhi , India
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Sandeep Jain
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre , Delhi , India
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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Alwakeel SS. Molecular identification of isolated fungi from stored apples in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2013; 20:311-7. [PMID: 24235866 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi causes most plant disease. When fruits are stored at suboptimal conditions, fungi grows, and some produce mycotoxin which can be dangerous for human consumption. Studies have shown that the Penicillium and Monilinia species commonly cause spoilage of fruits, especially apples. Several other genera and species were reported to grow to spoil fruits. This study was conducted to isolate and identify fruit spoilage by fungi on apples collected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and conduct a molecular identification of the fungal isolates. Thus, we collected 30 samples of red delicious and Granny Smith apples with obvious spoilage from different supermarkets between February and March of 2012 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Each apple was placed in a sterile plastic bag in room temperature (25-30 °C) for six days or until fungal growth was evident all over the sample. Growth of fungal colonies on PDA was counted and sent for molecular confirmation by PCR. Six fruit spoilage fungi were isolated, including Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium adametzii, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium steckii, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Aspergillus oryzae. P. chrysogenum was the most frequent isolate which was seen in 14 of a total of 34 isolates (41.2%), followed by P. adametzii and A. oryzae with seven isolates each (20.6%) and the least was P. steckii with six isolates (17.6%). Penicillium species comprised 27 of the total 34 (79.4%) isolates. Sequence analysis of the ITS regions of the nuclear encoded rDNA showed significant alignments for P. chrysogenum, P. adametzii and A. oryzae. Most of these fungal isolates are useful and are rarely pathogenic; however they can still produce severe illness in immune-compromised individuals, and sometimes otherwise healthy people may also become infected. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the possible production of mycotoxins by these fungi to determine a potential danger and to establish its epidemiology in order to develop adequate methods of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suaad S Alwakeel
- University of Princess Nora Bent Abdul Rahman, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chen M, Houbraken J, Pan W, Zhang C, Peng H, Wu L, Xu D, Xiao Y, Wang Z, Liao W. Pulmonary fungus ball caused by Penicillium capsulatum in a patient with type 2 diabetes: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:496. [PMID: 24152579 PMCID: PMC3819729 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following the recent transfer of all accepted species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces (including Talaromyces marneffei, formerly Penicillium marneffei), Penicillium species are becoming increasingly rare causal agents of invasive infections. Herein, we present a report of a type 2 diabetes patient with a fungus ball in the respiratory tract caused by Penicillium capsulatum. Case presentation A 56-year-old Chinese female gardener with a 5-year history of type 2 diabetes presented at the Shanghai Changzheng Hospital with fever, a cough producing yellow-white sputum, and fatigue. The therapeutic effect of cefoxitin was poor. An HIV test was negative, but the β-D-glucan test was positive (459.3 pg/ml). Chest radiography revealed a cavitary lesion in the left upper lobe, and a CT scan showed globate cavities with a radiopaque, gravity-dependent ball. The histopathologic features of the tissue after haematoxylin-eosin staining showed septate hyphae. The fungus was isolated from the gravity-dependent ball and identified as Penicillium capsulatum based on the morphological analysis of microscopic and macroscopic features and on ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequencing. After surgery, the patient was cured with a sequential treatment of fluconazole 400 mg per day for 90 days and caspofungin 70 mg per day for 14 days. Conclusions Although the prognosis is often satisfactory, clinicians, mycologists and epidemiologists should be aware of the possibility of infection by this uncommon fungal pathogen in diabetes patients, since it may cause severe invasive infections in immunocompromised hosts such as diabetes and AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wanqing Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
Franklin disease, or gamma heavy-chain disease, in patients with autoimmune disorders is a challenge for clinicians to diagnose due to its rarity, and recurrent infection is one of its characteristics. Within the spectrum of infections in Franklin disease patients, various fungi should always be considered. In this study, the authors describe a 57-year-old non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected systemic lupus erythematosus patient later diagnosed with Franklin disease and then developed Penicillium pneumonia. Because of the unexpected combination of Franklin disease and Penicillium infection in a non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient, the diagnosis of common hospital-acquired pneumonia was initially made. The laboratory examinations and cultures helped confirm the correct diagnosis of Franklin disease and Penicillium pneumonia. This is the first report of Penicillium sp. infection in a patient with Franklin disease, and it emphasizes the importance of proper preparation for biopsy, complete hematologic investigation, culture preparation and early antifungal coverage to improve the outcome.
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Oyelana O, Durugbo E, Olukanni O, Ayodele E, Aikulola Z, Adewole A. Antimicrobial Activity of Ficus Leaf Extracts on Some Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens of Dioscorea rotundata from Southwest Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2011.359.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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