1
|
Guan J, Zhang PP, Wang XH, Guo YT, Zhang ZJ, Li P, Lin LP. Structure-Guided Discovery of Diverse Cytotoxic Dimeric Xanthones/Chromanones from Penicillium chrysogenum C-7-2-1 and Their Interconversion Properties. J Nat Prod 2024; 87:238-251. [PMID: 38354306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Xanthone-chromanone homo- or heterodimers are regarded as a novel class of topoisomerase (Topo) inhibitors; however, limited information about these compounds is currently available. Here, 14 new (1-14) and 6 known tetrahydroxanthone chromanone homo- and heterodimers (15-20) are reported as isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum C-7-2-1. Their structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously demonstrated by a combination of spectroscopic data, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, modified Mosher's method, and electronic circular dichroism analyses. Plausible biosynthetic pathways are proposed. For the first time, it was discovered that tetrahydroxanthones can convert to chromanones in water, whereas chromone dimerization does not show this property. Among them, compounds 5, 7, 8, and 16 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against H23 cell line with IC50 values of 6.9, 6.4, 3.9, and 2.6 μM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tong Guo
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
El-Shora HM, El-Zawawy NA, El-Rheem MAA, Metwally MA. Purification and characterization of L-arginine deiminase from Penicillium chrysogenum. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:44. [PMID: 38297214 PMCID: PMC10829382 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
L-arginine deiminase (ADI, EC 3.5.3.6) hydrolyzes arginine to ammonia and citrulline which is a natural supplement in health care. ADI was purified from Penicillium chrysogenum using 85% ammonium sulfate, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G200. ADI was purified 17.2-fold and 4.6% yield with a specific activity of 50 Umg- 1 protein. The molecular weight was 49 kDa. ADI expressed maximum activity at 40oC and an optimum pH of 6.0. ADI thermostability was investigated and the values of both t0.5 and D were determined. Kd increased by temperature and the Z value was 38oC. ATP, ADP and AMP activated ADI up to 0.6 mM. Cysteine and dithiothreitol activated ADI up to 60 µmol whereas the activation by thioglycolate and reduced glutathione (GSH) prolonged to 80 µmol. EDTA, α,α-dipyridyl, and o-phenanthroline inactivated ADI indicating that ADI is a metalloenzyme. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), butanedione (BD), dansyl chloride (DC), diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) and N-acetyl-imidazole (NAI) inhibited ADI activity indicating the necessity of sulfhydryl, tryptophanyl, arginyl, lysyl, histidyl and tyrosyl groups, respectively for ADI catalysis. The obtained results show that ADI from P. chrysogenum could be a potential candidate for industrial and biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed M El-Shora
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nessma A El-Zawawy
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abo El-Ela FI, Hassan WH, Amer AM, El-Dek SI. Antifungal Activity of Chitosan Polymeric Nanoparticles and Correlation with Their pH Against Mucor circinelloides Causing Mucormycosis, Along with Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus Species. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:47. [PMID: 38135799 PMCID: PMC10746780 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Mucormycosis is uncommon, yet it is more prevalent among individuals with underlying health conditions and those who are immunocompromised. Chitosan is studied because of its appealing properties and diverse applications. The purpose of this work is to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) by ionic gelation method at various pH levels and test them against Mucor and other filamentous fungus. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Zeta sizer, Zeta potential, and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy were used to characterize CSNPs. Hydrodynamic size increased considerably with increasing pH. Our CSNPs were tested against fungal isolates of Aspergillus Flavus RCMB 02783, Aspergillus Fumigatus RCMB 02564, and Aspergillus Niger RCMB 02588, Penicillium Notatum (NCPF 2881) and (M. circinelloides CNRMA 03.894) causing mucromycosis. Antifungal activity was investigated using Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal concentration (MFC), Disc diffusion assay, and Antifungal inhibitory percentages methods. The best antifungal efficacy results were obtained through CSNPs prepared at pH = 4.4 at very low concentration for MIC (1.03 or 2.75 μg/mL) with 100% M. circinelloides inhibition followed by pH = 4.6 with MIC (73 or 208 μg/mL) and 93% M. cirecinelloides inhibition %. Future usage of these materials in masks or wound dressing to avoid fungal infections, including mucormycosis following COVID-19, penicillium, and aspergillosis toxicity and infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Walid Hamdy Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Amer
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - S I El-Dek
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li SY, Yang XQ, Chen JX, Wu YM, Yang YB, Ding ZT. The induced cryptic metabolites and antifungal activities from culture of Penicillium chrysogenum by supplementing with host Ziziphus jujuba extract. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113391. [PMID: 36007667 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The productions of cryptic metabolites including three undescribed drimane sesquiterpenoids, penicichrins A-C, and three known compounds from Penicillium chrysogenum were activated by the host Ziziphus jujuba medium. The structures were established by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data. The spiro β-lactone, and gem-dimethyl dihydroxylation in induced penicichrins A-C were rare in natural products. Cryptic metabolites, monaspurpurone was first found in Penicillium. 4-Methoxy-3-methylgoniothalamin, and 2-hydroxy-l-phenyl-l,4-pentanedione were second example of isolation. Penicichrin A, monaspurpurone, 4-methoxy-3-methylgoniothalamin, physcion, ergosterol, and ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol had antifungal activities against phytopathogens, P. chrysogenum, Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus with MICs ≤2 μg/mL, and 2-hydroxy-l-phenyl-l,4-pentanedione had flowering activity. So the chemical constituents from Z. jujuba could induce the productions of cryptic metabolites with plant growth-promoting activity from endophyte P. chrysogenum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Li
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Xue-Qiong Yang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Jing-Xin Chen
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ya-Mei Wu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Ya-Bin Yang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bello TS, Adebola MO, Asemoloye MD. Modified filters with Penicillium chrysogenum culture enhance removal of copper and iron contaminants in water. Environ Technol 2022; 43:3591-3599. [PMID: 33966612 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1928293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of a cost-effective and broad-based practical approach to wastewater treatment is of utmost importance, especially in developing countries. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of using Penicillium chrysogenum cells with sand filters for removal of heavy metals from contaminated water. This was done by designing three fungal-based sand filters (FSF) containing 30, 40, 50 spores/mL and sand filter (SF) without the fungus. These preparations were used to treat deionized water simulated with two concentrations of copper and iron (5 and 10 mg L-1 respectively). These simulations were prepared to create commonly observed contamination levels in many water sources. Effluent reductions relative to treatments effects were analysed using the standard protocol for eight days under aseptic conditions. On the eighth day, it was observed that the copper concentration (10 mg L-1) was reduced to 0.106 mg L-1 in the 30 spores/mL treatment as compared to 0.198 mg L-1 observed in SF. It was also observed that copper concentrations were significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) between FSF and the SF. There was also a significant reduction while comparing the metal removal in treatments after the second and eighth days. The general affinity range for iron in the four treatments was 30 > 40 > SF > 50, in that order has 94.26, 91.66, 87.98 and 85.48 as removal efficiency for iron (5 mg L-1) on the eighth day. P. chrysogenum is therefore a valuable biosorbent that can help improve the quality of wastewater by biosand filter treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tunde Sheriffdeen Bello
- Federal University of Technology Minna, School of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, Minna Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Matthew Omoniyi Adebola
- Federal University of Technology Minna, School of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, Minna Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Michael Dare Asemoloye
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Orfali R, Perveen S, AlAjmI MF, Ghaffar S, Rehman MT, AlanzI AR, Gamea SB, Essa Khwayri M. Antimicrobial Activity of Dihydroisocoumarin Isolated from Wadi Lajab Sediment-Derived Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum: In Vitro and In Silico Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113630. [PMID: 35684566 PMCID: PMC9182410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is considered a major health concern globally. It is a fact that the clinical need for new antibiotics was not achieved until now. One of the most commonly prescribed classes of antibiotics is β-Lactam antibiotics. However, most bacteria have developed resistance against β-Lactams by producing enzymes β-Lactamase or penicillinase. The discovery of new β-Lactamase inhibitors as new antibiotics or antibiotic adjuvants is essential to avoid future catastrophic pandemics. In this study, five dihydroisocoumarin: 6-methoxy mellein (1); 5,6-dihydroxymellein (2); 6-hydroxymellein (3); 4-chloro-6-hydroxymellein (4) and 4-chloro-5,6-di-hydroxymellein (5) were isolated from Wadi Lajab sediment-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum, located 15 km northwest of Jazan, KSA. The elucidation of the chemical structures of the isolated compounds was performed by analysis of their NMR, MS. Compounds 1–5 were tested for antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All of the compounds exhibited selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus licheniformis except compound 3. The chloro-dihydroisocoumarin derivative, compound 4, showed potential antimicrobial activities against all of the tested strains with the MIC value between 0.8–5.3 μg/mL followed by compound 5, which exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect. Molecular docking data showed good affinity with the isolated compounds to β-Lactamase enzymes of bacteria; NDM-1, CTX-M, OXA-48. This work provides an effective strategy for compounds to inhibit bacterial growth or overcome bacterial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (S.G.); (M.T.R.); (A.R.A.); (S.B.G.); (M.E.K.)
- Correspondence: (R.O.); or (S.P.)
| | - Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
- Correspondence: (R.O.); or (S.P.)
| | - Mohamed Fahad AlAjmI
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (S.G.); (M.T.R.); (A.R.A.); (S.B.G.); (M.E.K.)
| | - Safina Ghaffar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (S.G.); (M.T.R.); (A.R.A.); (S.B.G.); (M.E.K.)
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (S.G.); (M.T.R.); (A.R.A.); (S.B.G.); (M.E.K.)
| | - Abdullah R. AlanzI
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (S.G.); (M.T.R.); (A.R.A.); (S.B.G.); (M.E.K.)
| | - Saja Bane Gamea
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (S.G.); (M.T.R.); (A.R.A.); (S.B.G.); (M.E.K.)
| | - Mona Essa Khwayri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (S.G.); (M.T.R.); (A.R.A.); (S.B.G.); (M.E.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu K, Wang L, Jiang B, An J, Nian B, Wang D, Chen L, Ma Y, Wang X, Fan J, Luo H, Pan Y, Zhao M. Effect of inoculation with Penicillium chrysogenum on chemical components and fungal communities in fermentation of Pu-erh tea. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110748. [PMID: 34865766 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Developing an effective method to improve the quality of Pu-erh tea is of great scientific and commercial interest. In this work, Penicillium chrysogenum P1 isolated from Pu-erh tea was inoculated in sterilized or unsterilized sun-dreid green tea leaves to develop pure-culture fermentation (PF) and enhanced fermentation (EF) of Pu-erh tea. Spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography determined that contents of free amino acids (FAA), total tea polyphenols and eight polyphenolic compounds in PF were significantly lower than these in non-inoculation control test (CK) (P < 0.05), whereas the contents of soluble sugars and theabrownins (TB) in PF were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in CK. A total of 416 volatile compounds were detected by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Comparison to CK, 124 compounds in PF were degraded or decreased significantly [Variable importance in projection [(VIP) > 1.0, P < 0.05, fold change (FC) < 0.5], whereas 110 compounds in PF were formed or increased significantly (VIP > 1.0, P < 0.05, FC > 2). Compared with normal fermentation (NF), the levels of gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and 64 volatile compounds in EF were significantly lower (VIP > 1.0, P < 0.05, FC < 0.5), whereas the levels of FAA and 39 volatile compounds were significantly higher (VIP > 1.0, P < 0.05, FC > 2). Amplicon sequencing of fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) revealed that P. chrysogenum P1 didn't become the dominant fungus in EF; while the fungal communities in EF were different from those in NF, in that the relative abundances of Blastobotrys bambusae and P. chrysogenum in EF were higher, and the relative abundances of Aspergillus niger and Kluyveromyces marxianus in EF were lower. Overall, inoculation of P. chrysogenum in unsterilized sun-dreid green tea leaves changed the the fungal communities in fermentation of Pu-erh tea, and chemical compounds in fermented tea leaves, i.e., the levels of TB and the compounds responsible for the stale flavor, e.g., 2-amino-4-methoxybenzothiazole were increased, resulting in improvement of the sensory quality, including mellower taste and stronger stale flavor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunyi Liu
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering & College of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, Sichuan 644003, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering & College of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, Sichuan 644003, China
| | - Jiangshan An
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Bo Nian
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Daoping Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijiao Chen
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Tea Science Research Institute of Pu-erh City, Puer, Yunnan 665000, China
| | - Jiakun Fan
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Hui Luo
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yinghong Pan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Tea Science & College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan & The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province & National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Jiao M, Li Y, Zhong Y, Li X, Chen Z, Chen S, Wang J. Penicillium chrysogenum polypeptide extract protects tobacco plants from tobacco mosaic virus infection through modulation of ABA biosynthesis and callose priming. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:3526-3539. [PMID: 33687058 PMCID: PMC8096601 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The polypeptide extract of the dry mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum (PDMP) can protect tobacco plants from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), although the mechanism underlying PDMP-mediated TMV resistance remains unknown. In our study, we analysed a potential mechanism via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and found that the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway and β-1,3-glucanase, a callose-degrading enzyme, might play an important role in PDMP-induced priming of resistance to TMV. To test our hypothesis, we successfully generated a Nicotiana benthamiana ABA biosynthesis mutant and evaluated the role of the ABA pathway in PDMP-induced callose deposition during resistance to TMV infection. Our results suggested that PDMP can induce callose priming to defend against TMV movement. PDMP inhibited TMV movement by increasing callose deposition around plasmodesmata, but this phenomenon did not occur in the ABA biosynthesis mutant; moreover, these effects of PDMP on callose deposition could be rescued by treatment with exogenous ABA. Our results suggested that callose deposition around plasmodesmata in wild-type plants is mainly responsible for the restriction of TMV movement during the PDMP-induced defensive response to TMV infection, and that ABA biosynthesis apparently plays a crucial role in PDMP-induced callose priming for enhancing defence against TMV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Mengting Jiao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yingjuan Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Suiyun Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianguang Wang
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest of Yunnan Province, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soliman AM, Abdel-Latif W, Shehata IH, Fouda A, Abdo AM, Ahmed YM. Green Approach to Overcome the Resistance Pattern of Candida spp. Using Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated by Penicillium chrysogenum F9. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:800-811. [PMID: 32451695 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Candida species are the most common causative agents responsible for the majority of morbidity as well as mortality rates due to invasive fungal infections worldwide. In this study, a green approach was developed to control the pathogenic Candida spp. isolated from clinical samples, and prior data collections, ethics approval was obtained. Sixty candida isolates were obtained from the different device-associated infections and identified as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida glabrata with prevalence rates 41.6, 38.3, 8.3, 6.6, and 5%, respectively. On the other hand, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were extra-cellular synthesized by biomass filtrate of previously identified Penicillium chrysogenum strain F9. The physico-chemical characterizations of biosynthesized Ag-NPs were assessed by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DIS), and zeta potential (ζ) analysis. Data revealed successful synthesis of crystallographic spherical Ag-NPs with average size 18 to 60 nm at maximum absorption peak 415 nm. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups related to reduction, capping, and stabilizing Ag-NPs. The DLS analysis showed that NPs were homogenous and stable with poly-dispersity index (PDI) and ζ value 0.008 and - 21 mV, respectively. Susceptibility pattern analysis revealed that sixty Candida isolates (100%) were susceptible to Ag-NPs as compared to 25 isolates (41.6%), and 30 isolates (50%) were susceptible to fluconazole and amphotericin B, respectively. Interestingly, 30 Candida isolates (50%) were resistant to amphotericin B, which are more than those recorded for fluconazole (17 isolates with percent 28.3%), while 18 candida isolates (30%) were susceptible dose-dependent to fluconazole. The recorded minimum inhibitory concentration 50/90 (MIC50/90) was 62.5/125, 16/64, and 1/4 for Ag-NPs, fluconazole, and amphotericin B, respectively. However, green synthesized Ag-NPs can be used to overcome the resistance pattern of Candida spp., and recommended as an anti-candida agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Soliman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Abdel-Latif
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman H Shehata
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abdullah M Abdo
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Czajlik A, Holzknecht J, Galgóczy L, Tóth L, Poór P, Ördög A, Váradi G, Kühbacher A, Borics A, Tóth GK, Marx F, Batta G. Solution Structure, Dynamics, and New Antifungal Aspects of the Cysteine-Rich Miniprotein PAFC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1183. [PMID: 33504082 PMCID: PMC7865535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of Penicillium chrysogenum Q176 contains a gene coding for the 88-amino-acid (aa)-long glycine- and cysteine-rich P. chrysogenum antifungal protein C (PAFC). After maturation, the secreted antifungal miniprotein (MP) comprises 64 aa and shares 80% aa identity with the bubble protein (BP) from Penicillium brevicompactum, which has a published X-ray structure. Our team expressed isotope (15N, 13C)-labeled, recombinant PAFC in high yields, which allowed us to determine the solution structure and molecular dynamics by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. The primary structure of PAFC is dominated by 14 glycines, and therefore, whether the four disulfide bonds can stabilize the fold is challenging. Indeed, unlike the few published solution structures of other antifungal MPs from filamentous ascomycetes, the NMR data indicate that PAFC has shorter secondary structure elements and lacks the typical β-barrel structure, though it has a positively charged cavity and a hydrophobic core around the disulfide bonds. Some parts within the two putative γ-core motifs exhibited enhanced dynamics according to a new disorder index presentation of 15N-NMR relaxation data. Furthermore, we also provided a more detailed insight into the antifungal spectrum of PAFC, with specific emphasis on fungal plant pathogens. Our results suggest that PAFC could be an effective candidate for the development of new antifungal strategies in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Czajlik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Jeanett Holzknecht
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.H.); (A.K.)
| | - László Galgóczy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.G.); (L.T.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Liliána Tóth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (L.G.); (L.T.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (P.P.); (A.Ö.)
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (P.P.); (A.Ö.)
| | - Györgyi Váradi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.V.); (G.K.T.)
| | - Alexander Kühbacher
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Attila Borics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Gábor K. Tóth
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.V.); (G.K.T.)
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Florentine Marx
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Strycker BD, Han Z, Duan Z, Commer B, Wang K, Shaw BD, Sokolov AV, Scully MO. Identification of toxic mold species through Raman spectroscopy of fungal conidia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242361. [PMID: 33227000 PMCID: PMC7682877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We use a 785 nm shifted excitation Raman difference (SERDS) technique to measure the Raman spectra of the conidia of 10 mold species of especial toxicological, medical, and industrial importance, including Stachybotrys chartarum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, and others. We find that both the pure Raman and fluorescence signals support the hypothesis that for an excitation wavelength of 785 nm the Raman signal originates from the melanin pigments bound within the cell wall of the conidium. In addition, the major features of the pure Raman spectra group into profiles that we hypothesize may be due to differences in the complex melanin biosynthesis pathways. We then combine the Raman spectral data with neural network models to predict species classification with an accuracy above 99%. Finally, the Raman spectral data of all species investigated is made freely available for download and use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Strycker
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zehua Han
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zheng Duan
- Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, South China Academy of Advanced, Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Blake Commer
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Shaw
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alexei V. Sokolov
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marlan O. Scully
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nöh K, Niedenführ S, Beyß M, Wiechert W. A Pareto approach to resolve the conflict between information gain and experimental costs: Multiple-criteria design of carbon labeling experiments. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006533. [PMID: 30379837 PMCID: PMC6209137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Science revolves around the best way of conducting an experiment to obtain insightful results. Experiments with maximal information content can be found by computational experimental design (ED) strategies that identify optimal conditions under which to perform the experiment. Several criteria have been proposed to measure the information content, each emphasizing different aspects of the design goal, i.e., reduction of uncertainty. Where experiments are complex or expensive, second sight is at the budget governing the achievable amount of information. In this context, the design objectives cost and information gain are often incommensurable, though dependent. By casting the ED task into a multiple-criteria optimization problem, a set of trade-off designs is derived that approximates the Pareto-frontier which is instrumental for exploring preferable designs. In this work, we present a computational methodology for multiple-criteria ED of information-rich experiments that accounts for virtually any set of design criteria. The methodology is implemented for the case of 13C metabolic flux analysis (MFA), which is arguably the most expensive type among the ‘omics’ technologies, featuring dozens of design parameters (tracer composition, analytical platform, measurement selection etc.). Supported by an innovative visualization scheme, we demonstrate with two realistic showcases that the use of multiple criteria reveals deep insights into the conflicting interplay between information carriers and cost factors that are not amendable to single-objective ED. For instance, tandem mass spectrometry turns out as best-in-class with respect to information gain, while it delivers this information quality cheaper than the other, routinely applied analytical technologies. Therewith, our Pareto approach to ED offers the investigator great flexibilities in the conception phase of a study to balance costs and benefits. Designing experiments is obligatory in the biosciences to valorize their scientific outcome. When the experiments are expensive, unfortunately, in practice often the costs emerge to be showstoppers. In this situation the question arises: How to get the most out of the experiment for your invest in terms of time and money? We approach this question by formulating the design task as a multiple-criteria optimization problem. Its solution produces a set of Pareto-optimal design proposals that feature the trade-off between information gain, as measured by different metrics, and the costs. Then, exploration of the design proposals allows us to make the best decision on information-economic experiments under given circumstances. Implemented in the field of isotope-based metabolic flux analysis, practical application of the Pareto approach provides detailed insight into the tight interplay of plenty of information carriers and cost factors. Supported by an innovative tailored visual representation scheme, the investigator is enabled to explore the options before conducting the experiment. With a practical showcase at hand, our computational study highlights the benefits of incorporating multiple information criteria apart from the costs, balancing the shortcomings of conventional single-objective experimental design strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Nöh
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Sebastian Niedenführ
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Beyß
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Computational Systems Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang Y, Yang J, Liu J, Wang R, Liu L, Wang F, Yuan H. The composition of accessory enzymes of Penicillium chrysogenum P33 revealed by secretome and synergistic effects with commercial cellulase on lignocellulose hydrolysis. Bioresour Technol 2018; 257:54-61. [PMID: 29482166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the secretome of Penicillium chrysogenum P33 under induction of lignocellulose for the first time. A total of 356 proteins were identified, including complete cellulases and numerous hemicellulases. Supplementing a commercial cellulase with increasing dosage of P33 enzyme cocktail from 1 to 5 mg/g substrate increased the release of reducing sugars from delignified corn stover by 21.4% to 106.8%. When 50% cellulase was replaced by P33 enzyme cocktail, release of reducing sugars was 78.6% higher than with cellulase alone. Meanwhile, glucan and xylan conversion was increased by 37% and 106%, respectively. P33 enzyme cocktail also enhanced commercial cellulase hydrolysis against four different delignified lignocellulosic biomass. These findings demonstrate that mixing appropriate amount of P33 cocktail with cellulase improves polysaccharide hydrolysis, suggesting P33 enzymes have great potential for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang B, Cai C, Li G, Liu H. Assessing the stability in dry mycelial fertilizer of Penicillium chrysogenum as soil amendment via fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra: organic matter's transformation and maturity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:28258-28267. [PMID: 29027076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Utilization as dry mycelial fertilizer (DMF) produced from penicillin fermentation fungi mycelium (PFFM) with an acid-heating pretreatment is a potential way. To study the transformation and stability of water-extractable organic matter in DMF-amended soil via fluorescence regional integration (FRI) of fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM), a soil experiment in pot was carried out. The results showed that residual penicillin (about 32 mg/kg) was almost degraded in the first 5 days, indicating that the drug pollution was in control. The pH value, DOC, DON, and DOC/DON presented a classical profile, but germination index (GI) leveled off about 0.13 till day 13 in DMF-12% treatment due to the severe phytotoxicity. The addition of DMF significantly increased the soil microbial populations in contrast to the CON treatment. The EEM showed that the protein-like and microbial byproduct-like matters vanished on the 25th and 33rd days, whereas the fulvic-like substances appeared on the 7th day. The humic-like substances existed in original samples but their content greatly enhanced finally. The FRI results showed that P V, n/P III, n reached the highest value of 1.84 on the 25th day, suggesting that DMF maintained stable in amended soil. Because of its consistency with the results of GI and DOC/DON, the EEM-FRI has a potential to evaluate the stability of DMF in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Chen Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Guomin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dahlmann TA, Kück U. Dicer-Dependent Biogenesis of Small RNAs and Evidence for MicroRNA-Like RNAs in the Penicillin Producing Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125989. [PMID: 25955857 PMCID: PMC4425646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) that regulate gene expression in a wide range of eukaryotes. In this study, we analyzed regulatory sRNAs in Penicillium chrysogenum, the industrial producer of the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin. To identify sRNAs and microRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) on a global approach, two sRNA sequencing libraries were constructed. One library was created with pooled total RNA, obtained from twelve differently grown cultures (RNA Mix), and the other with total RNA from a single submerged cultivation (∆ku70FRT2). Illumina sequencing of both RNA libraries produced 84,322,825 mapped reads. To distinguish between Dicer-dependent and independent sRNA formation, we further constructed two single dicer gene mutants (∆dcl2 and ∆dcl1) and a dicer double mutant (∆dcl2∆dcl1) and analyzed an sRNA library from the Dicer-deficient double-mutant. We identified 661 Dicer-dependent loci and in silico prediction revealed 34 milRNAs. Northern blot hybridization of two milRNAs provided evidence for mature milRNAs that are processed either in a complete or partial Dicer-dependent manner from an RNA precursor. Identified milRNAs share typical characteristics of previously discovered fungal milRNAs, like a strong preference for a 5' uracil and the typical length distribution. The detection of potential milRNA target sites in the genome suggests that milRNAs might play a role in posttranscriptional gene regulation. Our data will further increase our knowledge of sRNA dependent gene regulation processes, which is an important prerequisite to develop more effective strategies for improving industrial fermentations with P. chrysogenum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim A. Dahlmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for “Fungal Biotechnology”, Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kück
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for “Fungal Biotechnology”, Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Naegele A, Reboux G, Scherer E, Roussel S, Millon L. Fungal food choices of Dermatophagoides farinae affect indoor fungi selection and dispersal. Int J Environ Health Res 2012; 23:91-95. [PMID: 22774849 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2012.699029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) feces and molds are the main allergens involved in allergic asthma. Differences exist between the housing fungal biome of allergic patients and standard or unhealthy housing. House dust mite (HDM) feed off spores and transport them on their bodies, but do they have fungal food preferences? We observed Dermatophagoïdes farinae in vitro with 16 mold menus and repeated the experiment 10 times. This observation led us to define Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, and Wallemia sebi as "tasty" molds and Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor, and Stachybotrys chartarum as "repulsive" molds. The food preferences of D. farinae may play a role in the following two phenomena: a decrease in spore numbers due to HDM consumption and a scattering of spores that stick to the bodies of HDMs. The extent of these two phenomena should be estimated in future studies for other common domestic HDM species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Naegele
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital J. Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu X, Xia L, Huang Q, Gu JD, Chen W. Biosorption of cadmium by a metal-resistant filamentous fungus isolated from chicken manure compost. Environ Technol 2012; 33:1661-70. [PMID: 22988626 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.641591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A fungus, XJ-1, isolated from chicken manure compost was phylogenetically related to Penicillium chrysogenum. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the fungus for Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Cr6+, Co2+ and Zn2+ were 300, 85, 55, 8, 25 and 70mM on plates and 200, 65, 30, 2, 30 and 48mM in liquid media, respectively. Biosorption of Cd2+ by XJ-1 was investigated as a function of initial pH, contact time, biomass loading and Cd+ concentration. According to the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption of Cd2+ was 100.41 mg g(-1) dry biomass. Analyses using FTIR, SEM and XPS showed that the functional groups -OH and -C=O on the XJ-1 cell wall are the dominant binding sites for Cd2+. The results indicate that XJ-1 biomass is an efficient biosorbent for Cd2+ and has great potential for the in situ remediation of environments contaminated with heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
CHAUHAN NM, RIVERS SM, WALTERS V. On the Relationship between the Effect of Phenol on the Oxygen Uptake and the Viability of Penicillium Notatum Spores. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 15:SUPPL 143-7. [PMID: 14101600 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1963.tb11202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
0·05 to 0·2 per cent phenol in Horowitz medium progressively reduces the oxygen uptake of Penicillium notatum spores. 0·08 per cent causes fungistasis and fungicidal action is evident at 0·15 per cent and higher concentrations. Exogenous respiration is less sensitive to phenol than spore germination. Measurement of oxygen uptake can not be used for quantitative evaluation of fungicidal action. The concentration exponent for the effect of phenol on oxygen uptake is −1·5.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Abstract
The mean Q10 value for the mortality of Penicillium notatum spores in water from 50 to 55° was 881. In 1 to 1.25 per cent solutions of phenol from 15 to 40° it was 3.4; higher values were obtained for 0.75 and 0.875 per cent phenol.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wettrell G. [70 years with penicillin in clinical use]. Lakartidningen 2011; 108:347-348. [PMID: 21539120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
|
21
|
Deng S, Ma R, Yu Q, Huang J, Yu G. Enhanced removal of pentachlorophenol and 2,4-D from aqueous solution by an aminated biosorbent. J Hazard Mater 2009; 165:408-414. [PMID: 19013710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The fungal biomasses of Penicillium chrysogenum were used as raw materials to prepare the aminated adsorbent through chemical grafting of polyethylenimine (PEI) on the biomass surface. Due to the protonation of amine groups, the PEI-modified biomass was found to possess the zero point of zeta potential at pH 10.2, higher than the pristine biomass at pH 3.8. The aminated biosorbent was effective in removing anionic pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from aqueous solution. The sorption was pH-dependent and the sorption kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. The sorption isotherms on the aminated biosorbent conformed to the Langmuir equation, with the maximum sorption capacity of 1.23 mmol/g for PCP and 1.22 mmol/g for 2,4-D. In the presence of Cu(2+) or Pb(2+), the sorption capacities for both PCP and 2,4-D were further enhanced, attributed to the formation of surface complex. FTIR and zeta potential analysis before and after the sorption revealed that the amine groups on the biomass surface played an important role in the sorption of PCP and 2,4-D, due to the electrostatic interaction between the positive protonated amine groups and the negative PCP/2,4-D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Deng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Szappanos H, Szigeti GP, Pál B, Rusznák Z, Szucs G, Rajnavölgyi E, Balla J, Balla G, Nagy E, Leiter E, Pócsi I, Marx F, Csernoch L. The Penicillium chrysogenum-derived antifungal peptide shows no toxic effects on mammalian cells in the intended therapeutic concentration. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2005; 371:122-32. [PMID: 15702351 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-004-1013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Certain filamentous fungi, such as the penicillin-producing strain Penicillium chrysogenum, secrete small, highly basic and cysteine-rich proteins with antifungal effects. Affected fungi include a number of important zoopathogens, including those infecting humans. Recent studies, however, have pointed to a membrane-perturbing effect of these antifungal compounds, apparent as a potassium efflux from affected fungal cells. If present on mammalian cells, this would severely hinder the potential therapeutic use of these molecules. Here we studied the effects of the P. chrysogenum-derived antifungal peptide (PAF) on a number of mammalian cells to establish whether the protein has any cytotoxic effects, alters transmembrane currents on excitable cells or activates the immune system. PAF, in a concentration range of 2-100 mug/ml, did not cause any cytotoxicity on human endothelial cells from the umbilical vein. Applied at 10 mug/ml, it also failed to modify voltage-gated potassium channels of neurones, skeletal muscle fibers, and astrocytes. PAF also left the hyperpolarization-activated non-specific cationic current (I(h)) and the L-type calcium current unaffected. Finally, up to 2 mug/ml, PAF did not induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha. These results suggest that PAF should have only minor, if any, effects on mammalian cells in the intended therapeutic concentration range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta Szappanos
- Department of Physiology, RCMM, MHSC, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 22, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Abstract
We report a case of Penicillium chrysogenum endophthalmitis after penetrating ocular trauma in a 9-year-old child, describing the initial management and the therapeutic adaptation after biopsy culture. After a review of endophthalmitis treatment, we discuss mycotic endophthalmitis treatment and recommend the use of intravitreal antibiotics. In this case, we used amphotericin B to treat the fungal disorder with success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Galland
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital de la Timone, 264, rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille 05.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
Imshenetsky AA, Lysenko SV, Kazakov GA, Ramkova NV. On micro-organisms of the stratosphere. Life Sci Space Res 2003; 14:359-62. [PMID: 12678121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The lower parts of the biosphere are well studied since various live beings are found in oceans and at the bottom of large hollows. Contrary to this, we have no data about the upper boundaries of the biosphere. Samples were obtained with the help of specially constructed analysers which were installed in meteorological rockets and reached an altitude of 100 km. With the help of methods completely excluding the possibility of contamination of analysers with outside microflora it became possible to prove that earth microbes carried by air currents are present in the stratosphere. At an altitude of 48-77 km Circinella muscae, Asp. niger, Penicillium notatum were found as well as mycobacterium and micrococcus. The correlation of these cultures with external factors is studied and the weight of one conidium or one cell in isolated micro-organisms is estimated. These investigations will continue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Imshenetsky
- Institute of Microbiology, USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sazykin IO, Egorov AM, Kuznetsova SM. [76 years since discovery of a penicillin-producing organism (1928-2003)]. Antibiot Khimioter 2003; 48:38-42. [PMID: 15106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
|
30
|
Botterel F, Cordonnier C, Barbier V, Wingerstmann L, Liance M, Coste A, Escudier E, Bretagne S. Aspergillus fumigatus causes in vitro electrophysiological and morphological modifications in human nasal epithelial cells. Histol Histopathol 2002; 17:1095-101. [PMID: 12371137 DOI: 10.14670/hh-17.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of the airway epithelium in the development of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts has rarely been studied although patients at risk for this infection frequently have epithelial damage. We developed an in vitro model of primary culture of human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) in air-liquid interface, which allows epithelial cell differentiation and mimics in vivo airway epithelium. We subsequently tested 7-day and 24-hour Aspergillus fumigatus filtrates on the apical side of HNEC to know whether A. fumigatus, the main species responsible for invasive aspergillosis, produces specific damage to the epithelial cells. The results were compared with those obtained with non-pathogenic filamentous fungi. Seven-day culture filtrates of A. fumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum induced electrophysiological modifications whatever the fungus tested. In contrast, only 24-hour A. fumigatus filtrates induced a specific decrease in transepithelial resistance, hyperpolarization of the epithelium, and cytoplasmic vacuolization of HNEC compared with both A. niger and Penicillium chrysogenum. The inhibition of the A. fumigatus effects with amiloride suggests that the 24-hour fungal filtrate acts through sodium channels of HNEC. These early modifications of the epithelial cells could facilitate colonization of the airways by A. fumigatus. To know whether the molecules involved are specific to A. fumigatus or simply produced more rapidly than by other filamentous fungi warrants further investigation. In this perspective, the primary culture of HNEC represents a suitable model to study the interactions between airway epithelial cells and A. fumigatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Botterel
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor (AP-HP) and UMR-BIPAR Université Paris XII, 94010, Créteil, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
|
34
|
|
35
|
Abdel-Gawad SM, El-Gaby MS, Ghorab MM. Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel pyrano[2',3':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines, pyrido[2',3':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines and pyrazolo[2',3':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines. Farmaco 2000; 55:287-92. [PMID: 10966160 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(00)00042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The starting materials thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines (5a,b) were obtained in one pot synthesis by treating octahydroquinazoline (2) with chloroacetic acid and aromatic aldehydes. Thiazoloquinazoline (5) was reacted with CH2(CN)2/piperidine and CH2(CN)2/NaOH (CH3OH), to furnish pyrano[2',3':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines (6a,b) and pyrido[2',3':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline (7), respectively. Refluxing of 5a with NH2CSNH2/KOH and hydrazines in ethanol furnished the corresponding, [1,3]thiazino[4'5':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazoline (10) and pyrazolo[3',4':4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines (11a,b), respectively. Antifungal activity was shown for some of the synthesized compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Abdel-Gawad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girl's), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The use of glass beads in a high-speed mixing device to rupture organisms was applied to molds. The use of a mixer in which the propellor shaft enters from the top into a metal mixing chamber made it possible to immerse the whole device in a salt water and ice mixture so that the temperature of the glass-bead slurry could be kept below 5 C without difficulty. Mycelia, glass beads, and buffer in a 1:2:3 (w/w) ratio gave above 95% breakage in 15 min with Penicillium chrysogenum cells and in 4 min with Rhizopus nigricans. Some of the factors influencing breakage are discussed.
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
|
39
|
BANGHAM AD, DAWSON RM. The physicochemical requirements for the action of Penicillium notatum phospholipase B on unimolecular films of lecithin. Biochem J 1998; 75:133-8. [PMID: 13796431 PMCID: PMC1204339 DOI: 10.1042/bj0750133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
40
|
ARNSTEIN HR, MORRIS D. The structure of a peptide, containing alpha-aminoadipic acid, cystine and valine, present in the mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum. Biochem J 1998; 76:357-61. [PMID: 13794420 PMCID: PMC1204717 DOI: 10.1042/bj0760357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
41
|
CHAUHAN NM, WALTERS V. Studies on the kinetics of fungicidal action. I. The effect of concentration and time on the viability of Penicillium notatum spores in solutions of phenol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 13:470-8. [PMID: 13692661 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1961.tb11854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
About 98 per cent of Penicillium notatum spores produced germ tubes in liquid nutrient media within 12 hr. Viability was unaffected by storage in distilled water for 20 days at 4°. The sporicidal activity of phenol was measured by determining the percentage of germinated spores before and after contact with phenol solution. Spores were separated on membrane filters from fungicide by rapid filtration, and incubated in Horowitz fluid medium. The rate of death in solutions containing 0.5 to 1.25 per cent phenol followed a first order reaction. The values of the concentration exponent for 50 and 100 per cent mortalities were 12 and 10.5 respectively
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
WOLFF EC, ARNSTEIN HR. The metabolism of 6-amino-penicillanic acid and related compounds by Penicillium chrysogenum and its possible significance for penicillin biosynthesis. Biochem J 1998; 76:375-81. [PMID: 13845690 PMCID: PMC1204720 DOI: 10.1042/bj0760375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
44
|
|
45
|
|
46
|
Abstract
We present an optical biosensor design that expands the utility of enzyme biosensors. These biosensors are fabricated by site-selective photodeposition of analyte-sensitive polymer matrices on optical imaging fibres. These dual-analyte arrays allow for the simultaneous, independent measurement of the analyte of interest and the transducing analyte. The first integrated optical-biosensors using this design have been prepared that allow both the dependent and independent analytes to be measured simultaneously, for example penicillin and pH (Healey & Walt, 1995) or glucose and O2 (Li & Walt, 1995). Independent measurement of the transducing analyte allows penicillin or glucose to be quantitated in the presence of a concurrent pH or O2 change, respectively. Penicillin can be measured in the range 0.25-10.0 mM in the pH range 6.2-7.5. Glucose can be measured in the range 0.6-20.0 mM in the O2 range 20-100%. The utility of the sensor design was demonstrated by using the penicillin-dual-analyte biosensor to quantitate penicillin produced during a Penicillium chrysogenum fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B G Healey
- Max Tishler Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
MACDONALD KD, HUTCHINSON JM, GILLETT WA. PROPERTIES OF HETEROZYGOUS DIPLOIDS BETWEEN STAINS OF PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM SELECTED FOR HIGH PENICILLIN YIELD. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1996; 30:209-24. [PMID: 14195251 DOI: 10.1007/bf02046727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- R F Miller
- Bristol Myers-Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hoffman M, Bash E, Berger SA, Burke M, Yust I. Fatal necrotizing esophagitis due to Penicillium chrysogenum in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1992; 11:1158-60. [PMID: 1291312 DOI: 10.1007/bf01961135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although blue-green molds of the genus Penicillium are ubiquitous in the human environment, invasive penicilliosis is uncommon and primarily encountered among immunosuppressed patients. A patient with HIV infection who died of severe necrotizing esophagitis caused by Penicillium chrysogenum is reported and the relevant English language literature on human penicilliosis is reviewed. Although infectious esophagitis is commonly associated with AIDS, Penicillium esophagitis has not been described in such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|