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Wu X, Mi T, Jin L, Ren C, Wang J, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wang Z, Guo P, He D. Tumoral EIF4EBP1 regulates the crosstalk between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells in MRTK. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176787. [PMID: 38944176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Malignant renal rhabdoid tumor (MRTK) is an aggressive and rare malignancy primarily affecting infants and young children. The intricate interactions within the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) are crucial in shaping MRTK's progression. This study elucidates the significance of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) within this milieu and their interplay with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1) in tumor cells, collectively contributing to MRTK's malignant advancement. Through comprehensive analysis of clinical samples and the TARGET database, EIF4EBP1 emerges as a central macrophage-associated gene with robust prognostic implications. Elevated EIF4EBP1 expression correlates with poor prognosis and heightened infiltration of TAMs. Functional validation demonstrates that EIF4EBP1 knockdown in G401 cells significantly attenuates self-proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, EIF4EBP1 regulates macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization through the ERK/P38 MAPK-MIF axis. Notably, M2 macrophages reciprocally foster the malignant behavior of MRTK tumor cells. This study unveils the pivotal role of EIF4EBP1 in propelling MRTK's malignant progression, unraveling a complex regulatory network involving EIF4EBP1 and TAMs. These findings underscore EIF4EBP1 as a promising biomarker and highlight its therapeutic potential in MRTK management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China; Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan, 650000, China
| | - Tao Mi
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Liming Jin
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Chunnian Ren
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jinkui Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Zhaoyin Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Dawei He
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Structural Birth Defect and Reconstruction, Chongqing 400014, China.
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2
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Chow Z, Johnson J, Chauhan A, Jeong JC, Castle JT, Izumi T, Weiss H, Townsend CM, Schrader J, Anthony L, Yang ES, Evers BM, Rychahou P. Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 enhances the radiosensitivity of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Cancer Lett 2024; 596:216993. [PMID: 38801884 PMCID: PMC11299177 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ribonucleotide Reductase (RNR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), which are essential substrates for DNA repair after radiation damage. We explored the radiosensitization property of RNR and investigated a selective RRM2 inhibitor, 3-AP, as a radiosensitizer in the treatment of metastatic pNETs. We investigated the role of RNR subunit, RRM2, in pancreatic neuroendocrine (pNET) cells and responses to radiation in vitro. We also evaluated the selective RRM2 subunit inhibitor, 3-AP, as a radiosensitizer to treat pNET metastases in vivo. Knockdown of RNR subunits demonstrated that RRM1 and RRM2 subunits, but not p53R3, play significant roles in cell proliferation. RRM2 inhibition activated DDR pathways through phosphorylation of ATM and DNA-PK protein kinases but not ATR. RRM2 inhibition also induced Chk1 and Chk2 phosphorylation, resulting in G1/S phase cell cycle arrest. RRM2 inhibition sensitized pNET cells to radiotherapy and induced apoptosis in vitro. In vivo, we utilized pNET subcutaneous and lung metastasis models to examine the rationale for RNR-targeted therapy and 3-AP as a radiosensitizer in treating pNETs. Combination treatment significantly increased apoptosis of BON (human pNET) xenografts and significantly reduced the burden of lung metastases. Together, our results demonstrate that selective RRM2 inhibition induced radiosensitivity of metastatic pNETs both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, treatment with the selective RRM2 inhibitor, 3-AP, is a promising radiosensitizer in the therapeutic armamentarium for metastatic pNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeta Chow
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Aman Chauhan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jong Cheol Jeong
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jennifer T Castle
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tadahide Izumi
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Heidi Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Courtney M Townsend
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jörg Schrader
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lowell Anthony
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Cencic R, Im YK, Naineni SK, Moustafa-Kamal M, Jovanovic P, Sabourin V, Annis MG, Robert F, Schmeing TM, Koromilas A, Paquet M, Teodoro JG, Huang S, Siegel PM, Topisirovic I, Ursini-Siegel J, Pelletier J. A second-generation eIF4A RNA helicase inhibitor exploits translational reprogramming as a vulnerability in triple-negative breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318093121. [PMID: 38232291 PMCID: PMC10823175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318093121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to address the current limitations of therapies for macro-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and provide a therapeutic lead that overcomes the high degree of heterogeneity associated with this disease. Specifically, we focused on well-documented but clinically underexploited cancer-fueling perturbations in mRNA translation as a potential therapeutic vulnerability. We therefore developed an orally bioavailable rocaglate-based molecule, MG-002, which hinders ribosome recruitment and scanning via unscheduled and non-productive RNA clamping by the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4A RNA helicase. We demonstrate that MG-002 potently inhibits mRNA translation and primary TNBC tumor growth without causing overt toxicity in mice. Importantly, given that metastatic spread is a major cause of mortality in TNBC, we show that MG-002 attenuates metastasis in pre-clinical models. We report on MG-002, a rocaglate that shows superior properties relative to existing eIF4A inhibitors in pre-clinical models. Our study also paves the way for future clinical trials exploring the potential of MG-002 in TNBC and other oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Cencic
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Young K. Im
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QCH3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sai Kiran Naineni
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Mohamed Moustafa-Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Predrag Jovanovic
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QCH3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Valerie Sabourin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QCH3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Matthew G. Annis
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Francis Robert
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - T. Martin Schmeing
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Antonis Koromilas
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QCH3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Département de pathologie et de microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QCH3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jose G. Teodoro
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Peter M. Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3T2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QCH3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QCH3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3T2, Canada
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4
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Seo J, Lee DE, Kim SM, Kim E, Kim JK. Licochalcone A Exerts Anti-Cancer Activity by Inhibiting STAT3 in SKOV3 Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051264. [PMID: 37238935 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LicA), a major active component of licorice, has been reported to exhibit various pharmacological actions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anticancer activity of LicA and detail its molecular mechanisms against ovarian cancer. SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells were used in this study. Cell viability was measured using a cell counting kit-8 assay. The percentages of apoptotic cells and cell cycle arrest were determined by flow cytometry and Muse flow cytometry. The expression levels of proteins regulating cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways were examined using Western blotting analysis. The results indicated that LicA treatment inhibited the cell viability of SKOV3 cells and induced G2/M phase arrest. Furthermore, LicA induced an increase in ROS levels, a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis accompanied by an increase in cleaved caspases and cytoplasmic cytochrome c. Additionally, LicA caused a dramatic decrease in STAT3 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, in SKOV3 cells. Treatment with LicA also reduced phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein in SKOV3 cells. The anti-cancer effects of LicA on SKOV3 cells might be mediated by reduced STAT3 translation and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyeon Seo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Mi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si 38430, Republic of Korea
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5
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Voutsadakis IA. Biomarkers of everolimus efficacy in breast cancer therapy. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2022; 28:945-959. [PMID: 35018844 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211073673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Everolimus is an inhibitor of serine/ threonine kinase mTOR. The drug is approved for the treatment of metastatic ER positive, HER2 negative breast cancers and benefits a subset of patients with these breast cancers in combination with hormonal therapies. Despite extensive efforts, no additional predictive biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions for everolimus have been introduced in clinical practice. DATA SOURCES This paper discusses predictive biomarkers for everolimus efficacy in breast cancer. A search of the medline and web of science databases was performed using the words "everolimus" and "biomarkers". References of retrieved articles were manually scanned for additional relevant articles. DATA SUMMARY Everolimus benefits a subset of patients with metastatic ER positive, HER2 negative breast cancers in combination with hormonal therapies. Despite extensive efforts no additional predictive biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions for everolimus therapy have been confirmed for use in clinical practice. However, promising biomarker leads for everolimus efficacy in breast cancer have been suggested and include expression of proteins in the mTOR pathway in ER positive, HER2 negative breast cancers. In HER2 positive cancers PIK3CA mutations, and PTEN expression loss are prognostic. Other clinical predictive biomarkers with more limited data include characteristics derived from whole genome sequencing, subsets of circulating leukocytes and changes in Standardized Uptake Values (SUV) of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans. CONCLUSIONS Putative predictive biomarkers for everolimus efficacy in breast cancer patients, both genomic and clinical, deserve further study and could lead to a better selection of responsive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, 10066Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada, and Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Bayani J, Kornaga EN, Crozier C, Jang GH, Bathurst L, Kalatskaya I, Trinh QM, Yao CQ, Livingstone J, Boutros PC, Spears M, McPherson JD, Stein LD, Rea D, Bartlett JM. Identification of Distinct Prognostic Groups: Implications for Patient Selection to Targeted Therapies Among Anti-Endocrine Therapy–Resistant Early Breast Cancers. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:1-13. [DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hormone receptor–positive breast cancer remains an ongoing therapeutic challenge, despite optimal anti-endocrine therapies. In this study, we assessed the prognostic ability of genomic signatures to identify patients at risk for recurrence after endocrine therapy. Analysis was performed on the basis of an a priori hypothesis related to molecular pathways, which might predict response to existing targeted therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS A subset of patients from the Tamoxifen Versus Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00279448 and NCT00032136, and NCT00036270) pathology cohort were analyzed to determine the prognostic ability of mutational and copy number aberration biomarkers that represent the cyclin D/cyclin-dependent kinase (CCND/CDK), fibroblast growth factor receptor/fibroblast growth factor (FGFR/FGF), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/ATK) pathways to inform the potential choice of additional therapies to standard endocrine treatment. Copy number analysis and targeted sequencing was performed. Pathways were identified as aberrant if there were copy number aberrations and/or mutations in any of the predetermined pathway genes: CCND1/CCND2/CCND3/CDK4/CDK6, FGFR1/FGFR2/FGFR2/FGFR4, and AKT1/AKT2/PIK3CA/PTEN. RESULTS The 390 of 420 samples that passed quality control were analyzed for distant metastasis–free survival between groups. Patients with no changes in the CCND/CDK pathway experienced a better distant metastasis–free survival (hazard ratio, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.45 to 2.61; P < .001) than those who possessed aberrations. In the FGFR/FGF and PI3K/AKT pathways, a similar outcome was observed (hazard ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.92; P = .017] and 1.34 [95% CI, 1.00 to 1.81; P = .053], respectively). CONCLUSION We show that aberrations of genes in these pathways are independently linked to a higher risk of relapse after endocrine treatment. Improvement of the clinical management of early breast cancers could be made by identifying those for whom current endocrine therapies are sufficient, thus reducing unnecessary treatment, and secondly, by identifying those who are at high risk for recurrence and linking molecular features that drive these cancers to treatment with targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Bayani
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth N. Kornaga
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cheryl Crozier
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gun Ho Jang
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Bathurst
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irina Kalatskaya
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA
| | - Quang M. Trinh
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cindy Q. Yao
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paul C. Boutros
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Spears
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lincoln D. Stein
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Rea
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - John M.S. Bartlett
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Kuo CT, Chen CL, Li CC, Huang GS, Ma WY, Hsu WF, Lin CH, Lu YS, Wo AM. Immunofluorescence can assess the efficacy of mTOR pathway therapeutic agent Everolimus in breast cancer models. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10898. [PMID: 31358767 PMCID: PMC6662705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
When breast cancer patients start to exhibit resistance to hormonal therapy or chemotherapy, the mTOR inhibitor everolimus can be considered as an alternative therapeutic agent. Everolimus can deregulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and affect a range of cellular functions. In some patients, the agent does not exhibit the desired efficacy and, even worse, not without the associated side effects. This study assessed the use of immunofluorescence (IF) as a modality to fill this unmet need of predicting the efficacy of everolimus prior to administration. Cell viability and MTT assays based on IF intensities of pho-4EBP1 Thr37/46 and pho-S6K1 Ser424 on breast cancer cells (Hs578T, MCF7, BT474, MDA-MB-231) and patient-derived cell culture from metastatic sites (ABC-82T and ABC-16TX1) were interrogated. Results show that independent pho-4EBP1 Thr37/46 and pho-S6K1 Ser424 IF expressions can classify data into different groups: everolimus sensitive and resistant. The combined IF baseline intensity of these proteins is predictive of the efficacy of everolimus, and their intensities change dynamically when cells are resistant to everolimus. Furthermore, mTOR resistance is not only consequence of the AKT/mTOR pathway but also through the LKB1 or MAPK/ERK pathway. The LKB1 and pho-GSK3β may also be potential predictive markers for everolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Kuo
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Lin Chen
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Li
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yuan Ma
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Hsu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Andrew M Wo
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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8
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Thorne JL, Battaglia S, Baxter DE, Hayes JL, Hutchinson SA, Jana S, Millican-Slater RA, Smith L, Teske MC, Wastall LM, Hughes TA. MiR-19b non-canonical binding is directed by HuR and confers chemosensitivity through regulation of P-glycoprotein in breast cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:996-1006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Humphries MP, Sundara Rajan S, Droop A, Suleman CAB, Carbone C, Nilsson C, Honarpisheh H, Cserni G, Dent J, Fulford L, Jordan LB, Jones JL, Kanthan R, Litwiniuk M, Di Benedetto A, Mottolese M, Provenzano E, Shousha S, Stephens M, Walker RA, Kulka J, Ellis IO, Jeffery M, Thygesen HH, Cappelletti V, Daidone MG, Hedenfalk IA, Fjällskog ML, Melisi D, Stead LF, Shaaban AM, Speirs V. A Case-Matched Gender Comparison Transcriptomic Screen Identifies eIF4E and eIF5 as Potential Prognostic Markers in Male Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2575-2583. [PMID: 27986751 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer affects both genders, but is understudied in men. Although still rare, male breast cancer (MBC) is being diagnosed more frequently. Treatments are wholly informed by clinical studies conducted in women, based on assumptions that underlying biology is similar.Experimental Design: A transcriptomic investigation of male and female breast cancer was performed, confirming transcriptomic data in silico Biomarkers were immunohistochemically assessed in 697 MBCs (n = 477, training; n = 220, validation set) and quantified in pre- and posttreatment samples from an MBC patient receiving everolimus and PI3K/mTOR inhibitor.Results: Gender-specific gene expression patterns were identified. eIF transcripts were upregulated in MBC. eIF4E and eIF5 were negatively prognostic for overall survival alone (log-rank P = 0.013; HR = 1.77, 1.12-2.8 and P = 0.035; HR = 1.68, 1.03-2.74, respectively), or when coexpressed (P = 0.01; HR = 2.66, 1.26-5.63), confirmed in the validation set. This remained upon multivariate Cox regression analysis [eIF4E P = 0.016; HR = 2.38 (1.18-4.8), eIF5 P = 0.022; HR = 2.55 (1.14-5.7); coexpression P = 0.001; HR = 7.04 (2.22-22.26)]. Marked reduction in eIF4E and eIF5 expression was seen post BEZ235/everolimus, with extended survival.Conclusions: Translational initiation pathway inhibition could be of clinical utility in MBC patients overexpressing eIF4E and eIF5. With mTOR inhibitors that target this pathway now in the clinic, these biomarkers may represent new targets for therapeutic intervention, although further independent validation is required. Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2575-83. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Humphries
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alastair Droop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carmine Carbone
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nilsson
- Center for Clinical Research, Västmanland County Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
- Department Medical Sciences. University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Gabor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Jo Dent
- Calderdale Hospital, Halifax, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lee B Jordan
- University of Dundee/NHS Tayside, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rani Kanthan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Maria Litwiniuk
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Di Benedetto
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Provenzano
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Shousha
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Stephens
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary A Walker
- Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine. University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Janina Kulka
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Jeffery
- Department of Histopathology, The Pathology Centre, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Helene H Thygesen
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Cappelletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria G Daidone
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ingrid A Hedenfalk
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Davide Melisi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucy F Stead
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Abeer M Shaaban
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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10
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Wang D, Ma J, Ji X, Xu F, Wei Y. miR-141 regulation of EIF4E expression affects docetaxel chemoresistance of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:608-616. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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11
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Millican-Slater RA, Sayers CD, Hanby AM, Hughes TA. Expression of phosphorylated eIF4E-binding protein 1, but not of eIF4E itself, predicts survival in male breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:339-45. [PMID: 27280636 PMCID: PMC4973151 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Male breast cancer is rare and treatment is based on data from females. High expression/activity of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) denotes a poor prognosis in female breast cancer, and the eIF4E pathway has been targeted therapeutically. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E activity in female breast cancer is deregulated by eIF4E overexpression and by phosphorylation of its binding protein, 4E-BP1, which relieves inhibitory association between eIF4E and 4E-BP1. The relevance of the eIF4E pathway in male breast cancer is unknown. Methods: We have assessed expression levels of eIF4E, 4E-BP1, 4E-BP2 and phosphorylated 4E-BP1 (p4E-BP1) using immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of male breast cancers (n=337) and have examined correlations with prognostic factors and survival. Results: Neither eIF4E expression nor estimated eIF4E activity were associated with prognosis. However, a highly significant correlation was found between p4E-BP1 expression and disease-free survival (DFS), linking any detectable p4E-BP1 with poor survival (univariate log rank P=0.001; multivariate HR 8.8, P=0.0001). Conclusions: Our data provide no support for direct therapeutic targeting of eIF4E in male breast cancer, unlike in females. However, as p4E-BP1 gives powerful prognostic insights that are unrelated to eIF4E function, p4E-BP1 may identify male breast cancers potentially suitable for therapies directed at the upstream kinase, mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Millican-Slater
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Craig D Sayers
- Histopathology Department, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Dewsbury WF13 4HS, UK
| | - Andrew M Hanby
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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12
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Niehr F, Weichert W, Stenzinger A, Budach V, Tinhofer I. CCI-779 (Temsirolimus) exhibits increased anti-tumor activity in low EGFR expressing HNSCC cell lines and is effective in cells with acquired resistance to cisplatin or cetuximab. J Transl Med 2015; 13:106. [PMID: 25890004 PMCID: PMC4389307 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in numerous cellular processes involving growth, proliferation and survival. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-tumoral effect of the mTOR inhibitor (mTORi) CCI-779 in HNSCC cell lines and its potency in cisplatin- and cetuximab-resistant cells. Methods A panel of 10 HNSCC cell lines with differences in TP53 mutational status and basal cisplatin sensitivity and two isogenic models of acquired resistance to cisplatin and cetuximab, respectively were studied. Cell survival after treatment with CCI-779, cisplatin and cetuximab alone or in combination was determined by MTT assays. Potential predictive biomarkers for tumor cell sensitivity to CCI-779 were evaluated. Results We observed considerable heterogeneity in sensitivity of HNSCC cell lines to CCI-779 monotherapy. Sensitivity was observed in TP53 mutated as well as wild-type cell lines. Total and p-EGFR expression levels but not the basal activity of the mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways were correlated with sensitivity to CCI-779. Resistant cells with increased EGFR activation could be sensitized by the combination of CCI-779 with cetuximab. Interestingly, cell lines with acquired resistance to cisplatin displayed a higher sensitivity to CCI-779 whereas cetuximab-resistant cells were less sensitive to the drug, but could be sensitized to CCI-779 by EGFR blockade. Conclusions Activity of CCI-779 in HNSCC cells harboring TP53 mutations and displaying a phenotype of cisplatin resistance suggests its clinical potential even in patients with dismal outcome after current standard treatment. Cetuximab/mTORi combinations might be useful for treatment of tumors with high expression of EGFR/p-EGFR and/or acquired cetuximab resistance. This combinatorial treatment modality needs further evaluation in future translational and clinical studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0456-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Niehr
- Translational Radiooncology Laboratory, Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Volker Budach
- Translational Radiooncology Laboratory, Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ingeborg Tinhofer
- Translational Radiooncology Laboratory, Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Translational Radiooncology Laboratory, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Abstract
Dysregulation of mRNA translation is a frequent feature of neoplasia. Many oncogenes and tumour suppressors affect the translation machinery, making aberrant translation a widespread characteristic of tumour cells, independent of the genetic make-up of the cancer. Therefore, therapeutic agents that target components of the protein synthesis apparatus hold promise as novel anticancer drugs that can overcome intra-tumour heterogeneity. In this Review, we discuss the role of translation in cancer, with a particular focus on the eIF4F (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F) complex, and provide an overview of recent efforts aiming to 'translate' these results to the clinic.
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14
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Sabine VS, Crozier C, Brookes CL, Drake C, Piper T, van de Velde CJH, Hasenburg A, Kieback DG, Markopoulos C, Dirix L, Seynaeve C, Rea DW, Bartlett JMS. Mutational analysis of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in tamoxifen exemestane adjuvant multinational pathology study. J Clin Oncol 2015; 32:2951-8. [PMID: 25071141 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.53.8272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Deregulation of key PI3K/AKT pathway genes may contribute to endocrine resistance in breast cancer (BC). PIK3CA is the most frequently mutated gene in luminal BC (35%); however, the effect of mutations in helical versus kinase domains remains controversial. We hypothesize that improved outcomes occur in patients with estrogen receptor–positive (ER positive) BC receiving endocrine therapy and possessing PIK3CA mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA was extracted from 4,540 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded BC samples from the Exemestane Versus Tamoxifen-Exemestane pathology study. Mutational analyses were performed for 25 mutations (PIK3CAx10, AKT1x1, KRASx5, HRASx3, NRASx2 and BRAFx4). RESULTS PIK3CA mutations were frequent (39.8%), whereas RAS/RAF mutations were rare (1%). In univariable analyses PIK3CA mutations were associated with significantly improved 5-year distant relapse-free survival (DRFS; HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.91; P = .003). However, a multivariable analysis correcting for known clinical and biologic prognostic factors failed to demonstrate that PIK3CA mutation status is an independent prognostic marker for DRFS (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.12; P = .4012). PIK3CA mutations were more frequent in low-risk luminal BCs (e.g., grade 1 nodev 3, node-negative v -positive), confounding the relationship between mutations and outcome. CONCLUSION PIK3CA mutations are present in approximately 40% of luminal BCs but are not an independent predictor of outcome in the context of endocrine therapy, whereas RAS/RAF mutations are rare inluminal BC. A complex relationship between low-risk cancers and PIK3CA mutations was identified. Although the PI3K/AKT pathway remains a viable therapeutic target as the result of ahigh mutation frequency, PIK3CA mutations do not seem to affect residual risk following treatment with endocrine therapy.
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15
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Teo T, Yu M, Yang Y, Gillam T, Lam F, Sykes MJ, Wang S. Pharmacologic co-inhibition of Mnks and mTORC1 synergistically suppresses proliferation and perturbs cell cycle progression in blast crisis-chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 357:612-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Abstract
The metabolic adaptations that support oncogenic growth can also render cancer cells dependent on certain nutrients. Along with the Warburg effect, increased utilization of glutamine is one of the metabolic hallmarks of the transformed state. Glutamine catabolism is positively regulated by multiple oncogenic signals, including those transmitted by the Rho family of GTPases and by c-Myc. The recent identification of mechanistically distinct inhibitors of glutaminase, which can selectively block cellular transformation, has revived interest in the possibility of targeting glutamine metabolism in cancer therapy. Here, we outline the regulation and roles of glutamine metabolism within cancer cells and discuss possible strategies for, and the consequences of, impacting these processes therapeutically.
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17
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Langlands FE, Dodwell D, Hanby AM, Horgan K, Millican-Slater RA, Speirs V, Verghese ET, Smith L, Hughes TA. PSMD9 expression predicts radiotherapy response in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:73. [PMID: 24673853 PMCID: PMC4230020 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More than 50% of cancer patients are recommended to receive radiotherapy. Recommendations are based mainly on clinical and pathological factors and not intrinsic tumour radio-sensitivity. Use of radiotherapy according to predictive markers would potentially reduce costly over-treatment, and improve the treatment risk-benefit ratio and cancer outcomes. Tumour expression of the 26S proteasome has been reported to predict radiotherapy response: low expression was associated with higher rates of local recurrence after radiotherapy, suggesting that low proteasome expression and activity was associated with radio-resistance. However, this conclusion is at odds with the emerging use of proteasome inhibitors as radio-sensitizers. Our aim was to further analyse the relevance of 26S proteasome expression, focussing specifically on the PSMD9 subunit, in the largest clinical cohort to date, and to investigate the functional role of PSMD9 in radio-sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines. Methods We examined expression of PSMD9 using immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 157 breast cancer patients, including 32 cases (20.4%) that subsequently developed local recurrences. The value of expression as a prognostic or radiotherapy predictive marker was tested using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. PSMD9 function was examined in breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 using siRNA knock-downs and colony forming assays after irradiation. Results Low tumour PSMD9 expression was significantly associated with a reduced incidence of local recurrence in patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy (univariate log rank p = 0.02; multivariate regression p = 0.009), but not in those treated without radiotherapy, suggesting that low PSMD9 expression was associated with relative tumour radio-sensitivity. In support of this, reduction of PSMD9 expression using siRNA in breast cancer cell lines in vitro sensitized cells to radiotherapy. Conclusions We conclude that PSMD9 expression may predict radiotherapy benefit, with low expression indicative of relative radio-sensitivity, the opposite of previous reports relating to 26S proteasome expression. Our conclusion is compatible with use of proteasome inhibitors as radio-sensitizers, and highlights PSMD9 as a potential target for radio-sensitizing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Smith
- Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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18
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Baldacchino S, Saliba C, Petroni V, Fenech AG, Borg N, Grech G. Deregulation of the phosphatase, PP2A is a common event in breast cancer, predicting sensitivity to FTY720. EPMA J 2014; 5:3. [PMID: 24460909 PMCID: PMC3913630 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The most commonly used biomarkers to predict the response of breast cancer patients to therapy are the oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Patients positive for these biomarkers are eligible for specific therapies such as endocrine treatment in the event of ER and PgR positivity, and the monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, in the case of HER2-positive patients. Patients who are negative for these three biomarkers, the so-called triple negatives, however, derive little benefit from such therapies and are associated with a worse prognosis. Deregulation of the protein serine/threonine phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) and its regulatory subunits is a common event in breast cancer, providing a possible target for therapy. Methods The data portal, cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics was used to investigate the incidence of conditions that are associated with low phosphatase activity. Four (4) adherent human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-436, Hs578T and BT-20 were cultured to assess their viability when exposed to various dosages of rapamycin or FTY720. In addition, RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesised to amplify the coding sequence of PPP2CA. Amplification was followed by high-resolution melting to identify variations. Results and conclusion The sequence of PPP2CA was found to be conserved across a diverse panel of solid tumour and haematological cell lines, suggesting that low expression of PPP2CA and differential binding of inhibitory PPP2CA regulators are the main mechanisms of PP2A deregulation. Interestingly, the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics shows that PP2A is deregulated in 59.6% of basal breast tumours. Viability assays performed to determine the sensitivity of a panel of breast cancer cell lines to FTY720, a PP2A activator, indicated that cell lines associated with ER loss are sensitive to lower doses of FTY720. The subset of patients with suppressed PP2A activity is potentially eligible for treatment using therapies which target the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, such as phosphatase activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Baldacchino
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Malta, Msida MSD2090, Malta
| | - Christian Saliba
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Malta, Msida MSD2090, Malta
| | - Vanessa Petroni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Malta, Msida MSD2090, Malta
| | - Anthony G Fenech
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Malta, Msida MSD2090, Malta
| | - Nigel Borg
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Malta, Msida MSD2090, Malta
| | - Godfrey Grech
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Malta, Msida MSD2090, Malta
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Alain T, Sonenberg N, Topisirovic I. mTOR inhibitor efficacy is determined by the eIF4E/4E-BP ratio. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1491-2. [PMID: 23455427 PMCID: PMC3681483 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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20
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eIF4E-Overexpression imparts perillyl alcohol and rapamycin-mediated regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2103-2112. [PMID: 23747720 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Translation is mediated partly by regulation of free eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) levels through PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling. Cancer cells treated with the plant-derived perillyl alcohol (POH) or the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin dephosphorylate eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP1) and attenuate cap-dependent translation. We previously showed in cancer cell lines with elevated eIF4E that POH and rapamycin regulate telomerase activity through this pathway. Here, immortalized Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) control cells and CHO cells with forced eIF4E expression (rb4E) were used to elucidate eIF4E's role in telomerase regulation by POH and rapamycin. Despite 5-fold higher eIF4E amounts in rb4E, telomerase activity, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mRNA, and TERT protein were nearly equivalent in control and rb4E cells. In control cells, telomerase activity, TERT mRNA and protein levels were unaffected by either compound. In contrast, telomerase activity and TERT protein were both attenuated by either agent in rb4E cells, but without corresponding TERT mRNA decreases indicating a translational/post-translational process. S6K, Akt, and 4E-BP1 were modulated by mTOR mediators only in the presence of increased eIF4E. Thus, eIF4E-overexpression in rb4E cells enables inhibitory effects of POH and rapamycin on telomerase and TERT protein. Importantly, eIF4E-overexpression modifies cellular protein synthetic processes and gene regulation.
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Grosso SHG, Katayama MLH, Roela RA, Nonogaki S, Soares FA, Brentani H, Lima L, Folgueira MAAK, Waitzberg AFL, Pasini FS, Góes JCGS, Brentani MM. Breast cancer tissue slices as a model for evaluation of response to rapamycin. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 352:671-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Cap-dependent mRNA translation and the ubiquitin-proteasome system cooperate to promote ERBB2-dependent esophageal cancer phenotype. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:609-18. [PMID: 22767218 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pathological post-transcriptional control of the proteome composition is a central feature of malignancy. Two steps in this pathway, eIF4F-driven cap-dependent mRNA translation and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), are deregulated in most if not all cancers. We tested a hypothesis that eIF4F is aberrantly activated in human esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and requires elevated rates of protein turnover and proteolysis and thereby activated UPS for its pro-neoplastic function. Here, we show that 80% of tumors and cell lines featuring amplified ERBB2 display an aberrantly activated eIF4F. Direct genetic targeting of the eIF4F in ERBB2-amplified EAC cells with a constitutively active form of the eIF4F repressor 4E-BP1 decreased colony formation and proliferation and triggered apoptosis. In contrast, suppression of m-TOR-kinase activity towards 4E-BP1with rapamycin only modestly inhibited eIF4F-driven cap-dependent translation and EAC malignant phenotype; and promoted feedback activation of other cancer pathways. Our data show that co-treatment with 2 FDA-approved agents, the m-TOR inhibitor rapamycin and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, leads to strong synergistic growth-inhibitory effects. Moreover, direct targeting of eIF4F with constitutively active 4E-BP1 is significantly more potent in collaboration with bortezomib than rapamycin. These data support the hypothesis that a finely tuned balance between eIF4F-driven protein synthesis and proteasome-mediated protein degradation is required for the maintenance of ERBB2-mediated EAC malignant phenotype. Altogether, our study supports the development of pharmaceuticals to directly target eIF4F as most efficient strategy; and provides a clear rationale for the clinical evaluation of combination therapy with m-TOR inhibitors and bortezomib for EAC treatment.
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Abstract
A defining feature of many cancers is deregulated translational control. Typically, this occurs at the level of recruitment of the 40S ribosomes to the 5'-cap of cellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs), the rate-limiting step of protein synthesis, which is controlled by the heterotrimeric eukaryotic initiation complex eIF4F. Thus, eIF4F in particular, and translation initiation in general, represent an exploitable vulnerability and unique opportunity for therapeutic intervention in many transformed cells. In this article, we discuss the development, mode of action and biological activity of a number of small-molecule inhibitors that interrupt PI3K/mTOR signaling control of eIF4F assembly, as well as compounds that more directly block eIF4F activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abba Malina
- Department of Biochemistry and McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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