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Jia F, Sun S, Li J, Wang W, Huang H, Hu X, Pan S, Chen W, Shen L, Yao Y, Zheng S, Chen H, Xia W, Yuan H, Zhou J, Yu X, Zhang T, Zhang B, Huang J, Ni C. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy-induced remodeling of human hormonal receptor-positive breast cancer revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Cancer Lett 2024; 585:216656. [PMID: 38266804 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (HR+ BC) is known to be relatively insensitive to chemotherapy, and since chemotherapy has remained the major neoadjuvant therapy for HR+ BC, the undetermined mechanism of chemoresistance and how chemotherapy reshapes the immune microenvironment need to be explored by high-throughput technology. By using single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplexed immunofluorescence staining analysis of HR+ BC samples (paired pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)), the levels of previously unrecognized immune cell subsets, including CD8+ T cells with pronounced expression of T-cell development (LMNA) and cytotoxicity (FGFBP2) markers, CD4+ T cells characterized by proliferation marker (ATP1B3) expression and macrophages characterized by CD52 expression, were found to be increased post-NAC, which were predictive of chemosensitivity and their antitumor function was also validated with in vitro experiments. In terms of immune checkpoint expression of CD8+ T cells, we found their changes were inconsistent post-NAC, that LAG3, VSIR were decreased, and PDCD1, HAVCR2, CTLA4, KLRC1 and BTLA were increased. In addition, we have identified novel genomic and transcriptional patterns of chemoresistant cancer cells, both innate and acquired, and have confirmed their prognostic value with TCGA cohorts. By shedding light on the ecosystem of HR+ BC reshaped by chemotherapy, our results uncover valuable candidates for predicting chemosensitivity and overcoming chemoresistance in HR+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wuzhen Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lesang Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Yuan
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyan Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chao Ni
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China.
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Song JJ, Chobrutskiy A, Chobrutskiy BI, Cios KJ, Huda TI, Eakins RA, Diaz MJ, Blanck G. Chemical Complementarity of Tumor Resident, Adaptive Immune Receptor CDR3s and Previously Defined Hepatitis C Virus Epitopes Correlates with Improved Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:669-677. [PMID: 38052065 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand how adaptive immune receptors (IRs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironments are related to disease outcomes, we employed a chemical complementarity scoring algorithm to quantify electrostatic complementarity between HCC tumor TRB or IGH complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) amino acid (AA) sequences and previously characterized hepatitis C virus (HCV) epitopes. High electrostatic complementarity between HCC-resident CDR3s and 12 HCV epitopes was associated with greater survival probabilities, as indicated by two distinct HCC IR CDR3 datasets. Two of the HCV epitopes, HCV*71871 (TRB) and HCV*13458 (IGH), were also determined to represent significantly larger electrostatic CDR3-HCV epitope complementarity in HCV-positive HCC cases, compared with HCV-negative HCC cases, with the CDR3s representing yet a third, independent HCC dataset. Overall, the results indicated the utility of CDR3 AA sequences as biomarkers for HCC patient stratification and as potential guides for the development of therapeutic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea Chobrutskiy
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Boris I Chobrutskiy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Konrad J Cios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Taha I Huda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel A Eakins
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Diaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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3
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Cabarcas-Petroski S, Olshefsky G, Schramm L. MAF1 is a predictive biomarker in HER2 positive breast cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291549. [PMID: 37801436 PMCID: PMC10558074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase III transcription is pivotal in regulating cellular growth and frequently deregulated in various cancers. MAF1 negatively regulates RNA polymerase III transcription. Currently, it is unclear if MAF1 is universally deregulated in human cancers. Recently, MAF1 expression has been demonstrated to be altered in colorectal and liver carcinomas and Luminal B breast cancers. In this study, we analyzed clinical breast cancer datasets to determine if MAF1 alterations correlate with clinical outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer. Using various bioinformatics tools, we screened breast cancer datasets for alterations in MAF1 expression. We report that MAF1 is amplified in 39% of all breast cancer sub-types, and the observed amplification co-occurs with MYC. MAF1 amplification correlated with increased methylation of the MAF1 promoter and MAF1 protein expression is significantly decreased in luminal, HER2-positive, and TNBC breast cancer subtypes. MAF1 protein expression is also significantly reduced in stage 2 and 3 breast cancer compared to normal and significantly decreased in all breast cancer patients, regardless of race and age. In SKBR3 and BT474 breast cancer cell lines treated with anti-HER2 therapies, MAF1 mRNA expression is significantly increased. In HER2-positive breast cancer patients, MAF1 expression significantly increases and correlates with five years of relapse-free survival in response to trastuzumab treatment, suggesting MAF1 is a predictive biomarker in breast cancer. These data suggest a role for MAF1 alterations in HER2-positive breast cancer. More extensive studies are warranted to determine if MAF1 serves as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Schramm
- Department of Biology, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States of America
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Li GZ, Meng GX, Pan GQ, Zhang X, Yan LJ, Li RZ, Ding ZN, Tan SY, Wang DX, Tian BW, Yan YC, Dong ZR, Hong JG, Li T. MALAT1/ mir-1-3p mediated BRF2 expression promotes HCC progression via inhibiting the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:188. [PMID: 37653482 PMCID: PMC10472681 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been reported to play a vital role in the occurrence and development of various tumors. However, the underlying mechanism of MALAT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been thoroughly elucidated. METHODS The expression levels of MALAT1 in HCC tissues and different cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO)-MALAT1 transfected cells were used to explore the biological effects of MALAT1 in HCC cells by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), colony formation, transwell, wound healing, and flow cytometry analysis. Western blotting was performed to measure AMPK and apoptosis-related protein levels. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the relationship between MALAT1 and its specific targets. RESULTS We found that MALAT1 was upregulated in HCC, and MALAT1 knockdown in HCC cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited apoptosis in vitro. Further studies demonstrated that MALAT1 positively regulated the expression of transcription factor II B‑related factor 2 (BRF2), which was associated with tumor recurrence, large tumor size, and poor prognosis in HCC. Mechanistically, MALAT1 was found to act as a competitive endogenous RNA to sponge has-miR-1-3p, which upregulated BRF2 expression. Knockdown of BRF2 inhibited the progression of HCC by activating the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Overexpression of BRF2 reversed the inhibitory effect of MALAT1 knockdown on HCC cell viability. Moreover, ASO targeting MALAT1 inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a novel MALAT1/miR-1-3p/BRF2/LKB1/AMPK regulatory axis in HCC, which may provide new molecular therapeutic targets for HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Li
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Guang-Xiao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lun-Jie Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Rui-Zhe Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zi-Niu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Si-Yu Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bao-Wen Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yu-Chuan Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jian-Guo Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 West Wen Hua Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
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5
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Song JJ, Chobrutskiy A, Chobrutskiy BI, Cios KJ, Huda TI, Eakins RA, Diaz MJ, Blanck G. TRB CDR3 chemical complementarity with HBV epitopes correlates with increased hepatocellular carcinoma, disease-free survival. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29043. [PMID: 37621059 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a site of immune privilege, compared with the bladder and skin, for example. To study this attenuation of the immune response in the cancer setting, we compared quantities and features of adaptive immune receptor (IR) recombination reads obtained from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and six other cancers. Of these cancers, HCC had the lowest numbers of IR recombination reads and was the only cancer with a greater number immunoglobulin rather than T-cell receptor recombination reads. To better understand the role of adaptive IRs obtained from the tumor microenvironment in shaping the outcome of HCC cases, we quantified the chemical complementarity between HCC tumor TRB and IGH complementarity determining region-3 (CDR3) amino acid (AA) sequences, and known hepatitis B virus (HBV) epitopes. High chemical complementarity between HCC-resident CDR3s and three HBV epitopes correlated with increased survival probabilities, for two sources of CDR3s representing different CDR3 recovery algorithms. These results suggest the potential of CDR3 AA sequences as biomarkers for HCC patient stratification and as guides for future development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea Chobrutskiy
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Boris I Chobrutskiy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University Hospital, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Konrad J Cios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Taha I Huda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel A Eakins
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Diaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Chang JH, Xu BW, Shen D, Zhao W, Wang Y, Liu JL, Meng GX, Li GZ, Zhang ZL. BRF2 is mediated by microRNA-409-3p and promotes invasion and metastasis of HCC through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:46. [PMID: 36927769 PMCID: PMC10018885 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Its invasiveness and ability to metastasize contributes to an extremely high patient mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the characteristics of HCC progression are not well understood. BRF2 has been shown to be an oncogene in a number of tumors; however, its role in HCC has not yet been thoroughly examined. In this study, we identified and validated BRF2 as an oncogene in HCC, providing a new insight into HCC pathogenesis and therapeutic possibilities. We showed that BRF2 expression was significantly upregulated in HCC cell lines and tissues, while BRF2 depletion suppressed HCC metastasis and invasion. We then examined the upstream regulation of BRF2 and identified miR-409-3p as being predicted to bind to the 3' UTR of BRF2. We used a luciferase activity assay and functional verification to show that BRF2 is downregulated by miR-409-3p. Finally, we used bioinformatic analysis to show that BRF2 may be related to early HCC development through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of General Surgery, Gansu Province Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, GanSu Province, China
| | - Bo-Wen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Di Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Liang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-Xiao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-Zhen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Zong-Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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7
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Cabarcas-Petroski S, Olshefsky G, Schramm L. BDP1 as a biomarker in serous ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:6401-6418. [PMID: 36305848 PMCID: PMC10028122 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TFIIIB, an RNA polymerase III specific transcription factor has been found to be deregulated in human cancers with much of the research focused on the TBP, BRF1, and BRF2 subunits. To date, the TFIIIB specific subunit BDP1 has not been investigated in ovarian cancer but has previously been shown to be deregulated in neuroblastoma, breast cancer, and Non-Hodgkins lymphoma. RESULTS Using in silico analysis of clinically derived platforms, we report a decreased BDP1 expression as a result of deletion in serous ovarian cancer and a correlation with higher and advanced ovarian stages. Further analysis in the context of TP53 mutations, a major contributor to ovarian tumorigenesis, suggests that high BDP1 expression is unfavorable for overall survival and high BDP1 expression occurs in stages 2, 3 and 4 serous ovarian cancer. Additionally, high BDP1 expression is disadvantageous and unfavorable for progression-free survival. Lastly, BDP1 expression significantly decreased in patients treated with first-line chemotherapy, platin and taxane, at twelve-month relapse-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Taken together with a ROC analysis, the data suggest BDP1 could be of clinical relevance as a predictive biomarker in serous ovarian cancer. Lastly, this study further demonstrates that both the over- and under expression of BDP1 warrants further investigation and suggests BDP1 may exhibit dual function in the context of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Schramm
- Biology Department, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA
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8
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Peng SQ, Zhu XR, Zhao MZ, Zhang YF, Wang AR, Chen MB, Ye ZY. Identification of matrix-remodeling associated 5 as a possible molecular oncotarget of pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:157. [PMID: 36828810 PMCID: PMC9958022 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has an extremely poor prognosis. Here we examined expression, potential functions and underlying mechanisms of MXRA5 (matrix remodeling associated 5) in pancreatic cancer. Bioinformatics studies revealed that MXRA5 transcripts are significantly elevated in pancreatic cancer tissues, correlating with the poor overall survival, high T-stage, N1 and pathologic stage of the patients. MXRA5 mRNA and protein expression is significantly elevated in microarray pancreatic cancer tissues and different pancreatic cancer cells. In primary and immortalized (BxPC-3 and PANC-1 lines) pancreatic cancer cells, shRNA-induced MXRA5 silencing or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MXRA5 knockout suppressed cell survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while provoking cell apoptosis. Conversely, forced overexpression of MXRA5 further promoted pancreatic cancer cell progression and EMT. Bioinformatics studies and the protein chip analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in MXRA5-overexpressed primary pancreatic cancer cells were enriched in the PI3K-Akt-mTOR cascade. Indeed, Akt-mTOR activation in primary human pancreatic cancer cells was inhibited by MXRA5 shRNA or knockout, but was augmented following MXRA5 overexpression. In vivo, the growth of MXRA5 KO PANC-1 xenografts was largely inhibited in nude mice. Moreover, intratumoral injection of adeno-associated virus-packed MXRA5 shRNA potently inhibited primary pancreatic cancer cell growth in nude mice. Akt-mTOR activation was also largely inhibited in the MXRA5-depleted pancreatic cancer xenografts. Contrarily MXRA5 overexpression promoted primary pancreatic cancer cell growth in nude mice. Together, overexpressed MXRA5 is important for pancreatic cancer cell growth possibly through promoting EMT and Akt-mTOR activation. MXRA5 could be a potential therapeutic oncotarget for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qing Peng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Xiao-Ren Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhao
- Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease and Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - An-Ran Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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9
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Lactobacillus for ribosome peptide editing cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:1522-1544. [PMID: 36694080 PMCID: PMC9873400 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study reviews newly discovered insect peptide point mutations as new possible cancer research targets. To interpret newly discovered peptide point mutations in insects as new possible cancer research targets, we focused on the numerous peptide changes found in the 'CSP' family on the sex pheromone gland of the female silkworm moth Bombyx mori. We predict that the Bombyx peptide modifications will have a significant effect on cancer CUP (cancers of unknown primary) therapy and that bacterial peptide editing techniques, specifically Lactobacillus combined to CRISPR, will be used to regulate ribosomes and treat cancer in humans.
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10
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Jacobs RQ, Fuller KB, Cooper SL, Carter ZI, Laiho M, Lucius AL, Schneider DA. RNA Polymerase I Is Uniquely Vulnerable to the Small-Molecule Inhibitor BMH-21. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5544. [PMID: 36428638 PMCID: PMC9688676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells require robust ribosome biogenesis to maintain rapid cell growth during tumorigenesis. Because RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is the first and rate-limiting step of ribosome biogenesis, it has emerged as a promising anti-cancer target. Over the last decade, novel cancer therapeutics targeting Pol I have progressed to clinical trials. BMH-21 is a first-in-class small molecule that inhibits Pol I transcription and represses cancer cell growth. Several recent studies have uncovered key mechanisms by which BMH-21 inhibits ribosome biosynthesis but the selectivity of BMH-21 for Pol I has not been directly measured. Here, we quantify the effects of BMH-21 on Pol I, RNA polymerase II (Pol II), and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) in vitro using purified components. We found that BMH-21 directly impairs nucleotide addition by Pol I, with no or modest effect on Pols II and III, respectively. Additionally, we found that BMH-21 does not affect the stability of any of the Pols' elongation complexes. These data demonstrate that BMH-21 directly exploits unique vulnerabilities of Pol I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Q. Jacobs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kaila B. Fuller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Marikki Laiho
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Aaron L. Lucius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David A. Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Wang J, Tan Y, Jia QY, Tang FQ. Transcriptional factor III A promotes colorectal cancer progression by upregulating cystatin A. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:1918-1932. [PMID: 36310710 PMCID: PMC9611429 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i10.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) generally has poor outcomes and high mortality rates. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC progression is necessary to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve CRC outcome and decrease mortality. Transcriptional factor III A (GTF3A), an RNA polymerase III transcriptional factor, is a critical driver of tumorgenesis and aggravates CRC cell growth.
AIM To confirm whether GTF3A promotes CRC progression by regulating the expression of cystatin A (Csta) gene and investigate whether GTF3A can serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with CRC.
METHODS Human tissue microarrays containing 90 pairs of CRC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues, and human tissue microarrays containing 20 pairs of CRC tissues, adjacent non-tumor tissues, and metastatic tissues were examined for GTF3A expression using immunohistochemistry. The survival rates of patients were analyzed. Short hairpin GTF3As and CSTAs were designed and packaged into the virus to block the expression of Gtf3a and Csta genes, respectively. In vivo tumor growth assays were performed to confirm whether GTF3A promotes CRC cell proliferation in vivo. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization assay were used to detect the interaction of GTF3A with Csta, whereas luciferase activity assay was used to evaluate the expression of the Gtf3a and Csta genes. RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) and data analyses were used to screen for target genes of GTF3A.
RESULTS The expression of GTF3A was higher in CRC tissues and lymph node metastatic tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. GTF3A was associated with CRC prognosis, and knockdown of the Gtf3a gene impaired CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and motility in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, RNA-Seq analysis revealed that GTF3A might upregulate the expression of Csta, whereas the luciferase activity assay showed that GTF3A bound to the promoter of Csta gene and increased Csta transcription. Furthermore, CSTA regulated the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers.
CONCLUSION GTF3A increases CSTA expression by binding to the Csta promoter, and increased CSTA level promotes CRC progression by regulating the EMT. Inhibition of GTF3A prevents CRC progression. Therefore, GTF3A is a potential novel therapeutic target and biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuan Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qun-Ying Jia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fa-Qin Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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BDP1 Alterations Correlate with Clinical Outcomes in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071658. [PMID: 35406430 PMCID: PMC8996959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer accounts for 30% of all new cancer diagnoses in the United States. The most common type of breast cancer is invasive breast cancer. A hallmark trait of breast cancer is uncontrolled cell growth due to genetic alterations. TFIIIB-mediated RNA polymerase III transcription is specifically deregulated in human cancers. The TFIIIB BDP1 subunit is not well characterized in human cancer. The objective of this study was to analyze publicly available clinical cancer datasets to determine if BDP1 alterations correlate with clinical outcomes in available breast cancer datasets. BDP1 copy number and expression negatively correlate with breast cancer outcomes, including stage, grade, and mortality. Abstract TFIIIB is deregulated in a variety of cancers. However, few studies investigate the TFIIIB subunit BDP1 in cancer. BDP1 has not been studied in breast cancer patients. Herein, we analyzed clinical breast cancer datasets to determine if BDP1 alterations correlate with clinical outcomes. BDP1 copy number (n = 1602; p = 8.03 × 10−9) and mRNA expression (n = 130; p = 0.002) are specifically decreased in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). In IDC, BDP1 copy number negatively correlates with high grade (n = 1992; p = 2.62 × 10−19) and advanced stage (n = 1992; p = 0.005). BDP1 mRNA expression also negatively correlated with high grade (n = 55; p = 6.81 × 10−4) and advanced stage (n = 593; p = 4.66 × 10−4) IDC. Decreased BDP1 expression correlated with poor clinical outcomes (n = 295 samples): a metastatic event at three years (p = 7.79 × 10−7) and cancer reoccurrence at three years (p = 4.81 × 10−7) in IDC. Decreased BDP1 mRNA correlates with patient death at three (p = 9.90 × 10−6) and five (p = 1.02 × 10−6) years. Both BDP1 copy number (n = 3785; p = 1.0 × 10−14) and mRNA expression (n = 2434; p = 5.23 × 10−6) are altered in triple-negative invasive breast cancer (TNBC). Together, these data suggest a role for BDP1 as potential biomarker in breast cancer and additional studies are warranted.
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Jia B, Gong T, Sun B, Zhang Z, Zhong D, Wang C. Identification of a DNA damage repair gene-related signature for lung squamous cell carcinoma prognosis. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:1143-1152. [PMID: 35293140 PMCID: PMC9013644 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage repair (DDR) plays a role in the tumorigenesis and progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), but the predictive value of DDR in LUSC has not been fully elucidated. METHODS The LUSC datasets were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas databases. Univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were integrated to identify critical genes and construct a DDR gene signature. We performed Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve to compare the overall survival (OS) between the two groups based on DDR signature and used the CIBERSORT tool to compare the immune cell composition. Further gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed on the differential expressed genes. RESULT We established the DDR-related gene signature on LUSC. KM curve showed the low-risk group had a better prognosis than the high-risk group in the training set (p = 0.022673) and the complete set (p = 0.003201). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve for OS was 0.98, 0.96, and 0.97 in the training dataset, testing dataset, and the complete dataset, respectively. The composition of immune cells was different between the high- and low-risk group. The GSEA result suggests that genes of the patients in low-risk group were mainly enriched in the DNA adducts; drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. CONCLUSION This study identified DDR-associated potential biomarkers related to overall survival of LUSC and establishes the DDR-associated gene signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jia
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingsheng Sun
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Diansheng Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Changli Wang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Rashidieh B, Molakarimi M, Mohseni A, Tria SM, Truong H, Srihari S, Adams RC, Jones M, Duijf PHG, Kalimutho M, Khanna KK. Targeting BRF2 in Cancer Using Repurposed Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153778. [PMID: 34359683 PMCID: PMC8345145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary BRF2, a subunit of the RNA polymerase III transcription complex, is upregulated in a wide variety of cancers and is a potential therapeutic target; however, no effective drugs are available to target BRF2. The upregulation of BRF2 in cancer cells confers survival via the prevention of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. In this manuscript, we report the identification of potential BRF2 inhibitors through in silico drug repurposing screening. We further characterized bexarotene as a hit compound for the development of selective BRF2 inhibitors and provide experimental validation to support the repurposing of this FDA-approved drug as an agent to reduce the cellular levels of ROS and consequent BRF2 expression in cancers with elevated levels of oxidative stress. Abstract The overexpression of BRF2, a selective subunit of RNA polymerase III, has been shown to be crucial in the development of several types of cancers, including breast cancer and lung squamous cell carcinoma. Predominantly, BRF2 acts as a central redox-sensing transcription factor (TF) and is involved in rescuing oxidative stress (OS)-induced apoptosis. Here, we showed a novel link between BRF2 and the DNA damage response. Due to the lack of BRF2-specific inhibitors, through virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation, we identified potential drug candidates that interfere with BRF2-TATA-binding Protein (TBP)-DNA complex interactions based on binding energy, intermolecular, and torsional energy parameters. We experimentally tested bexarotene as a potential BRF2 inhibitor. We found that bexarotene (Bex) treatment resulted in a dramatic decline in oxidative stress and Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ)-induced levels of BRF2 and consequently led to a decrease in the cellular proliferation of cancer cells which may in part be due to the drug pretreatment-induced reduction of ROS generated by the oxidizing agent. Our data thus provide the first experimental evidence that BRF2 is a novel player in the DNA damage response pathway and that bexarotene can be used as a potential inhibitor to treat cancers with the specific elevation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Rashidieh
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (K.K.K.)
| | - Maryam Molakarimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Nasr Bridge, Tehran 14115-154, Iran; (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Ammar Mohseni
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Nasr Bridge, Tehran 14115-154, Iran; (M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Simon Manuel Tria
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Hein Truong
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Sriganesh Srihari
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Rachael C. Adams
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Mathew Jones
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Pascal H. G. Duijf
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
- Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Murugan Kalimutho
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.M.T.); (H.T.); (S.S.); (R.C.A.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (K.K.K.)
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Li KW, Liang YY, Wang Q, Li Y, Zhou SJ, Wei HC, Zhou CZ, Wan XH. Brucea javanica: A review on anticancer of its pharmacological properties and clinical researches. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:153560. [PMID: 33858739 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dried fruits of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr (BJ) is being widely investigated, both in lab and in clinic, to explore its potential anticancer activity and molecular mechanism involved. PURPOSE We appraised the available literature and suggested the future research directions to improve the medicinal value of BJ. METHOD In this review, we have summarized the scientific findings from experimental and clinical studies regarding the anticancer activity and mechanisms. RESULTS Numerous studies have reported that BJ exerts anticancer effect on various types of cancer lines through inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting migration/invasion, inducing autophagy and restraining angiogenesis. Brucea javanica triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of cytochrome C, activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and regulation of a series of signal pathways and proteins related to cancer. The molecular mechanism involved are inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB and Nrf2-Notch1 pathways; up or down modulating the levels of p53, p62, p21, Bax, and Bcl-2 respectively, and inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Brucea javanica's efficacy in treating cancer patients either as a main or supportive treatment is also discussed in this review. CONCLUSION This review will serve as a comprehensive resource of BJ's potential as anticancer agent and its molecular pathways. The analysis of the literature suggests that BJ can serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Yi-Yu Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China
| | - Chang-Zheng Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
| | - Xin-Huan Wan
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan, 250355, China.
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Li Y, Dong R, Lu M, Cheng C, Feng Z, Zhao R, Liang J, Han J, Jiang J, Xu-Welliver M, Renaud S, Tian H. Let-7b-3p inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the BRF2-mediated MAPK/ERK pathway in human lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1841-1856. [PMID: 34012797 PMCID: PMC8107730 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, of which lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype. Overall, current treatments of LUAD are not satisfactory; therefore, novel targets need to be explored. Let-7b-3p is an important member of the let-7 family of microRNAs (miRNAs), and has not been studied separately in LUAD. This study aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of let-7b-3p in LUAD. Methods Herein, let-7b-3p expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays. MTT, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis, wound-healing, Transwell and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess let-7b-3p’s function in LUAD. The downstream target TFIIB-related factor 2 (BRF2) was predicted using bioinformatics analyses and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiments. Additionally, BRF2 was found to affect the MAPK/ERK pathway through transcriptome sequencing analysis and western blot (WB) assay. Results Let-7b-3p is downregulated in LUAD cells and tissue samples and low let-7b-3p expression is correlated with a poor prognosis in LUAD patients. Let-7b-3p suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of LUAD cells both in vivo and in vitro by directly targeting the BRF2-mediated MAPK/ERK pathway. Conclusions Let-7b-3p inhibits the development of LUAD and is an ideal novel therapeutic target for the treatment of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanle Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zitong Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Renchang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinghui Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Xu-Welliver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stéphane Renaud
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institut Lorrain Du Coeur Et Des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Qin C, Pan Y, Li Y, Li Y, Long W, Liu Q. Novel Molecular Hallmarks of Group 3 Medulloblastoma by Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Front Oncol 2021; 11:622430. [PMID: 33816256 PMCID: PMC8013995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.622430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly heterogeneous and one of the most malignant pediatric brain tumors, comprising four subgroups: Sonic Hedgehog, Wingless, Group 3, and Group 4. Group 3 MB has the worst prognosis of all MBs. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving the maintenance of malignancy are poorly understood. Here, we employed high-throughput single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing to identify novel molecular features of Group 3 MB, and found that a specific cell cluster displayed a highly malignant phenotype. Then, we identified the glutamate receptor metabotropic 8 (GRM8), and AP-1 complex subunit sigma-2 (AP1S2) genes as two critical markers of Group 3 MB, corresponding to its poor prognosis. Information on 33 clinical cases was further utilized for validation. Meanwhile, a global map of the molecular cascade downstream of the MYC oncogene in Group 3 MB was also delineated using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our data yields new insights into Group 3 MB molecular characteristics and provides novel therapeutic targets for this relentless disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoying Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yimin Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhe Li
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenyong Long
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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TFIIB-related factor 2 regulates glucose-regulated protein 78 expression in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 540:95-100. [PMID: 33453679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acquired middle ear cholesteatoma leads to hearing loss, ear discharge, ear pain, and more serious intracranial complications. However, there is still no effective treatment other than surgery. TFIIB-related factor 2 (BRF2) acted as a redox sensor overexpressing in oxidative stress which linked endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, while glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was a biomarker of ER stress in cancer, atherosclerosis and inflammation. In our study, we investigated the roles of BRF2 and GRP78 in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. Our results revealed that the expression of BRF2 was significant increased in acquired middle ear cholesteatoma, and which was positively correlated with the expression of GRP78. In addition, BRF2 and GRP78 showed colocalization in epithelium of acquired middle ear cholesteatomas and HaCaT cells. Prolongation of LPS stimulation in HaCaT cells escalated the expression of BRF2 and GRP78. To confirm the role of BRF2 and GRP78, we transfected si-BRF2 into HaCaT cells. All results indicated that BRF2 expression positively regulates the expression of GRP78 and may participate in the pathogenesis of acquire middle ear cholesteatoma.
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Cabarcas-Petroski S, Meneses PI, Schramm L. A meta-analysis of BRF2 as a prognostic biomarker in invasive breast carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1093. [PMID: 33176745 PMCID: PMC7659115 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulation of the RNA polymerase III specific TFIIIB subunit BRF2 occurs in subtypes of human cancers. However, correlations between BRF2 alterations and clinical outcomes in breast cancer are limited. We conducted this review to analyze BRF2 alterations in genomic data sets housed in Oncomine and cBioPortal to identify potential correlations between BRF2 alterations and clinical outcomes. METHODS The authors queried both Oncomine and cBioPortal for alterations in BRF2 in human cancers and performed meta-analyses identifying significant correlations between BRF2 and clinical outcomes in invasive breast cancer (IBC). RESULTS A meta cancer outlier profile analysis (COPA) of 715 data sets (86,733 samples) in Oncomine identified BRF2 as overexpressed in 60% of breast cancer data sets. COPA scores in IBC data sets (3594 patients) are comparable for HER2 (24.211, median gene rank 60) and BRF2 (29.656, median gene rank 36.5). Overall survival in IBC patients with BRF2 alterations (21%) is significantly decreased (p = 9.332e-3). IBC patients with BRF2 alterations aged 46 to 50 have a significantly poor survival outcome (p = 7.093e-3). Strikingly, in metastatic breast cancer, BRF2 is altered in 33% of women aged 45-50. BRF2 deletions are predominant in this age group. CONCLUSION This study suggests BRF2 may be an prognostic biomarker in invasive breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Schramm
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
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Kour A, Sambyal V, Guleria K, Singh NR, Uppal MS, Manjari M, Sudan M. In silico pathway analysis based on chromosomal instability in breast cancer patients. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:168. [PMID: 33167967 PMCID: PMC7653868 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex genomic changes that arise in tumors are a consequence of chromosomal instability. In tumor cells genomic aberrations disrupt core signaling pathways involving various genes, thus delineating of signaling pathways can help understand the pathogenesis of cancer. The bioinformatics tools can further help in identifying networks of interactions between the genes to get a greater biological context of all genes affected by chromosomal instability. METHODS Karyotypic analyses was done in 150 clinically confirmed breast cancer patients and 150 age and gender matched healthy controls after 72 h Peripheral lymphocyte culturing and GTG-banding. Reactome database from Cytoscape software version 3.7.1 was used to perform in-silico analysis (functional interaction and gene enrichment). RESULTS Frequency of chromosomal aberrations (structural and numerical) was found to be significantly higher in patients as compared to controls. The genes harbored by chromosomal regions showing increased aberration frequency in patients were further analyzed in-silico. Pathway analysis on a set of genes that were not linked together revealed that genes HDAC3, NCOA1, NLRC4, COL1A1, RARA, WWTR1, and BRCA1 were enriched in the RNA Polymerase II Transcription pathway which is involved in recruitment, initiation, elongation and dissociation during transcription. CONCLUSION The current study employs the information inferred from chromosomal instability analysis in a non-target tissue for determining the genes and the pathways associated with breast cancer. These results can be further extrapolated by performing either mutation analysis in the genes/pathways deduced or expression analysis which can pinpoint the relevant functional impact of chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeen Kour
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Vasudha Sambyal
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Kamlesh Guleria
- Human Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Neeti Rajan Singh
- Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manjit Singh Uppal
- Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mridu Manjari
- Department of Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Meena Sudan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Abstract
In this review, Yeganeh et al. summarize different human diseases that have been linked to defects in the Pol III transcription apparatus or to Pol III products imbalance and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms. RNA polymerase (Pol) III is responsible for transcription of different noncoding genes in eukaryotic cells, whose RNA products have well-defined functions in translation and other biological processes for some, and functions that remain to be defined for others. For all of them, however, new functions are being described. For example, Pol III products have been reported to regulate certain proteins such as protein kinase R (PKR) by direct association, to constitute the source of very short RNAs with regulatory roles in gene expression, or to control microRNA levels by sequestration. Consistent with these many functions, deregulation of Pol III transcribed genes is associated with a large variety of human disorders. Here we review different human diseases that have been linked to defects in the Pol III transcription apparatus or to Pol III products imbalance and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Yeganeh
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nouria Hernandez
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Yu X, Zheng H, Sun R, Qian X, Jiang P, Yang B, Liu J, Li X. MicroRNA-425-5p Inhibits Lung Cancer Cell Growth in Vitro and in Vivo by Downregulating TFIIB-Related Factor 2. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033819901115. [PMID: 31964245 PMCID: PMC6978817 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819901115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer type with increasingly high incidence. MicroRNAs
provide the potential biomarkers for lung cancer treatment. Thus, we aimed to investigate
the function of microRNA-425-5p in lung cancer development and the underlying mechanisms.
MicroRNA-425-5p overexpression inhibited A549 lung cancer cell proliferation in
vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, microRNA-425-5p
inhibition increased A549 proliferation. Mechanistically, the underlying mechanism by
which microRNA-425-5p inhibits lung cancer cell growth was mediated through its ability in
targeting and downregulating the TFIIB-related factor 2. Our results for the first time
identified microRNA-425-5p as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer. Thus, microRNA-425-5p may
serve as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongfei Sun
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejiao Qian
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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23
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Valenzuela I, Codina M, Fernández-Álvarez P, Mur P, Valle L, Tizzano EF, Cuscó I. Expanding the phenotype of cerebellar-facial-dental syndrome: Two siblings with a novel variant in BRF1. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2742-2745. [PMID: 32896090 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellofaciodental syndrome (MIM #616202) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, dysmorphic features, and short stature. To date, eight patients carrying biallelic BRF1 variants have been reported. Here, we describe two siblings with congenital microcephaly and corpus callosum hypoplasia, pre and postnatal growth retardation, congenital heart defect and severe global developmental delay. We also detected additional findings not previously reported in this syndrome, including bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment and inner ear malformation. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense variant (c.654G>C, p.[Trp218Cys]) in BRF1, predicted to affect the protein structure. Expression assessment showed extremely low BRF1 protein expression caused by the identified variant, supporting its causal involvement. The description of new patients with cerebellofaciodental syndrome is essential to better delineate the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Valenzuela
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Codina
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández-Álvarez
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Mur
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo F Tizzano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivon Cuscó
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Son HJ, Mo HY, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Somatic mutations of cancer-related genes PELP1 and BDP1 in colorectal cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153107. [PMID: 32853945 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Son
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Ha Yoon Mo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea; Department of Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
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25
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Bian Y, Li Q, Li Q, Pan R. Silencing of BRF2 inhibits the growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1767-1774. [PMID: 32705258 PMCID: PMC7411291 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor II B (TFIIB)‑related factor 2 (BRF2) is involved in the development of cancer, but its role in lung cancer is underreported. The present study aimed to explore the role of BRF2 in the regulation of lung cancer cells. Immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect BRF2 protein expression in human lung cancer cells and tissues. Following cell transfection with small interfering RNA for silencing BRF2, the cell proliferation was examined by Cell Counting Kit‑8 and MTT assays. Cell apoptosis, migration and invasion were determined by flow cytometry, wound‑healing and Transwell assay. The expression levels of Akt, phosphorylated (p)‑Akt, Bax, E‑cadherin, Bcl‑2, N‑cadherin, Snail and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in human lung cancer A549 cells were detected by western blotting. The results demonstrated that BRF2 expression was increased in human lung cancer cells and tissues, and that silencing of BRF2 promoted cell apoptosis but inhibited cell proliferation and migration. The protein expression levels of Akt, E‑cadherin, p‑Akt, Bcl‑2, N‑cadherin, Snail and EGFR in A549 cells were inhibited by silencing of BRF2, while expression levels of Bax and E‑cadherin were increased by silencing BRF2. In conclusion, BRF2 demonstrates high expression in lung cancer and silencing of BRF2 inhibits the growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells. The current findings provide a novel approach for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Qiaolian Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
| | - Ruigen Pan
- Department of Radiology, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, P.R. China
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26
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Peng F, Zhou Y, Wang J, Guo B, Wei Y, Deng H, Wu Z, Zhang C, Shi K, Li Y, Wang X, Shore P, Zhao S, Deng W. The transcription factor Sp1 modulates RNA polymerase III gene transcription by controlling BRF1 and GTF3C2 expression in human cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4617-4630. [PMID: 32115405 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) is an important transcription factor implicated in numerous cellular processes. However, whether Sp1 is involved in the regulation of RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-directed gene transcription in human cells remains unknown. Here, we first show that filamin A (FLNA) represses Sp1 expression as well as expression of TFIIB-related factor 1 (BRF1) and general transcription factor III C subunit 2 (GTF3C2) in HeLa, 293T, and SaOS2 cell lines stably expressing FLNA-silencing shRNAs. Both BRF1 promoter 4 (BRF1P4) and GTF3C2 promoter 2 (GTF3C2P2) contain putative Sp1-binding sites, suggesting that Sp1 affects Pol III gene transcription by regulating BRF1 and GTF3C2 expression. We demonstrate that Sp1 knockdown inhibits Pol III gene transcription, BRF1 and GTF3C2 expression, and the proliferation of 293T and HeLa cells, whereas Sp1 overexpression enhances these activities. We obtained a comparable result in a cell line in which both FLNA and Sp1 were depleted. These results indicate that Sp1 is involved in the regulation of Pol III gene transcription independently of FLNA expression. Reporter gene assays showed that alteration of Sp1 expression affects BRF1P4 and GTF3C2P2 activation, suggesting that Sp1 modulates Pol III-mediated gene transcription by controlling BRF1 and GTF3C2 gene expression. Further analysis revealed that Sp1 interacts with and thereby promotes the occupancies of TATA box-binding protein, TFIIAα, and p300 at both BRF1P4 and GTF3C2P2. These findings indicate that Sp1 controls Pol III-directed transcription and shed light on how Sp1 regulates cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixia Peng
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - Yun Wei
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huan Deng
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zihui Wu
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Kaituo Shi
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Shore
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Shasha Zhao
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Wensheng Deng
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
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27
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Aberrant activation of RPB1 is critical for cell overgrowth in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Liu H, Han L, Liu Z, Gao N. Long noncoding RNA MNX1‐AS1 contributes to lung cancer progression through the miR‐527/BRF2 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13843-13850. [PMID: 30618167 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Department of Emergency Part 2 of the First Hospital, Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Oncology and Hematology China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Zhengjia Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
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29
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Greber BJ, Nogales E. The Structures of Eukaryotic Transcription Pre-initiation Complexes and Their Functional Implications. Subcell Biochem 2019; 93:143-192. [PMID: 31939151 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28151-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transcription is a highly regulated process that supplies living cells with coding and non-coding RNA molecules. Failure to properly regulate transcription is associated with human pathologies, including cancers. RNA polymerase II is the enzyme complex that synthesizes messenger RNAs that are then translated into proteins. In spite of its complexity, RNA polymerase requires a plethora of general transcription factors to be recruited to the transcription start site as part of a large transcription pre-initiation complex, and to help it gain access to the transcribed strand of the DNA. This chapter reviews the structure and function of these eukaryotic transcription pre-initiation complexes, with a particular emphasis on two of its constituents, the multisubunit complexes TFIID and TFIIH. We also compare the overall architecture of the RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complex with those of RNA polymerases I and III, involved in transcription of ribosomal RNA and non-coding RNAs such as tRNAs and snRNAs, and discuss the general, conserved features that are applicable to all eukaryotic RNA polymerase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil J Greber
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bio-Imaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Eva Nogales
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bio-Imaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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30
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Grafanaki K, Anastasakis D, Kyriakopoulos G, Skeparnias I, Georgiou S, Stathopoulos C. Translation regulation in skin cancer from a tRNA point of view. Epigenomics 2018; 11:215-245. [PMID: 30565492 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is a central and dynamic process, frequently deregulated in cancer through aberrant activation or expression of translation initiation factors and tRNAs. The discovery of tRNA-derived fragments, a new class of abundant and, in some cases stress-induced, small Noncoding RNAs has perplexed the epigenomics landscape and highlights the emerging regulatory role of tRNAs in translation and beyond. Skin is the biggest organ in human body, which maintains homeostasis of its multilayers through regulatory networks that induce translational reprogramming, and modulate tRNA transcription, modification and fragmentation, in response to various stress signals, like UV irradiation. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on the role of translation regulation and tRNA biology in the alarming prevalence of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Grafanaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Anastasakis
- National Institute of Musculoskeletal & Arthritis & Skin, NIH, 50 South Drive, Room 1152, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George Kyriakopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ilias Skeparnias
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Sophia Georgiou
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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31
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BRF2 as a promising indicator for radical lymph-node dissection surgery in patients with cN0 squamous cell carcinoma of the middle thoracic esophagus. Surg Today 2018; 49:158-169. [PMID: 30182305 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-018-1711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radical lymph-node dissection surgery in patients with cN0 middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains controversial. We sought a novel biomarker that could be used for decision-making in relation to radical lymph-node dissection. METHODS One hundred and nineteen patients with cN0 middle thoracic ESCC undergoing three-field lymph-node dissection (3FLND) or two-field lymph-node dissection (Ivor Lewis) esophagectomy were reviewed. A survival analysis, and Chi-square and parametric tests were performed. RESULTS A Cox regression analysis revealed that the expression of BRF2 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.014) and progression-free survival (P = 0.014). The survival of patients who underwent 3FLND was better than that of patients who underwent Ivor Lewis esophagectomy in the BRF2 overexpression group (P = 0.002), but not in the BRF2 nonoverexpression group (P = 0.386). The risk of lymph-node recurrence and the number of recurrent lymph nodes in patients with the overexpression of BRF2 were increased in the Ivor Lewis group in comparison to the 3FLND group (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001). The risk of cervical and superior mediastinal lymph-node recurrence was positively correlated with the overexpression of BRF2 (P = 0.027). Furthermore, in the Ivor Lewis group, a significant correlation was found between the risk of lymph-node recurrence or the number of recurrent lymph nodes and the expression of BRF2 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.004), but not in the 3FLND group (P = 0.193 and P = 0.694). CONCLUSIONS 3FLND generated better survival outcomes and reduced the rate of lymph-node recurrence in comparison to Ivor Lewis in patients with the overexpression of BRF2. BRF2 can be used as an indicator for radical lymph-node dissection surgery in cN0 ESCC patients.
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32
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Durrieu-Gaillard S, Dumay-Odelot H, Boldina G, Tourasse NJ, Allard D, André F, Macari F, Choquet A, Lagarde P, Drutel G, Leste-Lasserre T, Petitet M, Lesluyes T, Lartigue-Faustin L, Dupuy JW, Chibon F, Roeder RG, Joubert D, Vagner S, Teichmann M. Regulation of RNA polymerase III transcription during transformation of human IMR90 fibroblasts with defined genetic elements. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:605-615. [PMID: 29171785 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1405881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase (Pol) III transcribes small untranslated RNAs that are essential for cellular homeostasis and growth. Its activity is regulated by inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins and overexpression of the oncogene c-MYC, but the concerted action of these tumor-promoting factors on Pol III transcription has not yet been assessed. In order to comprehensively analyse the regulation of Pol III transcription during tumorigenesis we employ a model system that relies on the expression of five genetic elements to achieve cellular transformation. Expression of these elements in six distinct transformation intermediate cell lines leads to the inactivation of TP53, RB1, and protein phosphatase 2A, as well as the activation of RAS and the protection of telomeres by TERT, thereby conducting to full tumoral transformation of IMR90 fibroblasts. Transformation is accompanied by moderately enhanced levels of a subset of Pol III-transcribed RNAs (7SK; MRP; H1). In addition, mRNA and/or protein levels of several Pol III subunits and transcription factors are upregulated, including increased protein levels of TFIIIB and TFIIIC subunits, of SNAPC1 and of Pol III subunits. Strikingly, the expression of POLR3G and of SNAPC1 is strongly enhanced during transformation in this cellular transformation model. Collectively, our data indicate that increased expression of several components of the Pol III transcription system accompanied by a 2-fold increase in steady state levels of a subset of Pol III RNAs is sufficient for sustaining tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Durrieu-Gaillard
- a Université de Bordeaux , ARNA Laboratory , F-33076 Bordeaux , France.,b INSERM, U1212 - CNRS UMR 5320 , ARNA Laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux , France
| | - Hélène Dumay-Odelot
- a Université de Bordeaux , ARNA Laboratory , F-33076 Bordeaux , France.,b INSERM, U1212 - CNRS UMR 5320 , ARNA Laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux , France
| | - Galina Boldina
- a Université de Bordeaux , ARNA Laboratory , F-33076 Bordeaux , France.,b INSERM, U1212 - CNRS UMR 5320 , ARNA Laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux , France.,c Institut Gustave Roussy , INSERM U981 , F-94805 Villejuif , France
| | - Nicolas J Tourasse
- a Université de Bordeaux , ARNA Laboratory , F-33076 Bordeaux , France.,b INSERM, U1212 - CNRS UMR 5320 , ARNA Laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux , France
| | - Delphine Allard
- c Institut Gustave Roussy , INSERM U981 , F-94805 Villejuif , France
| | - Fabrice André
- c Institut Gustave Roussy , INSERM U981 , F-94805 Villejuif , France
| | - Françoise Macari
- d Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle , UMR 5203 CNRS , F-34000 Montpellier , France
| | - Armelle Choquet
- d Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle , UMR 5203 CNRS , F-34000 Montpellier , France
| | - Pauline Lagarde
- e Department of Biopathology , Institut Bergonié , Molecular Pathology Unit , F-33000 Bordeaux , France.,f Génétique et Biologie des Sarcomes- INSERM U916 , F- 33000 Bordeaux , France.,g Université de Bordeaux , F-33076 Bordeaux , France
| | - Guillaume Drutel
- h NeuroCentre François Magendie , INSERM U862 , F-33077 Bordeaux , France
| | | | - Marion Petitet
- a Université de Bordeaux , ARNA Laboratory , F-33076 Bordeaux , France
| | - Tom Lesluyes
- e Department of Biopathology , Institut Bergonié , Molecular Pathology Unit , F-33000 Bordeaux , France.,f Génétique et Biologie des Sarcomes- INSERM U916 , F- 33000 Bordeaux , France
| | - Lydia Lartigue-Faustin
- e Department of Biopathology , Institut Bergonié , Molecular Pathology Unit , F-33000 Bordeaux , France.,f Génétique et Biologie des Sarcomes- INSERM U916 , F- 33000 Bordeaux , France
| | - Jean-William Dupuy
- i Université de Bordeaux , Plateforme Protéome - Centre Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux , 33076 Bordeaux , France
| | - Frédéric Chibon
- e Department of Biopathology , Institut Bergonié , Molecular Pathology Unit , F-33000 Bordeaux , France.,f Génétique et Biologie des Sarcomes- INSERM U916 , F- 33000 Bordeaux , France
| | - Robert G Roeder
- j The Rockefeller University , 1230 York Avenue, New York , NY 10065 , USA
| | - Dominique Joubert
- d Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle , UMR 5203 CNRS , F-34000 Montpellier , France
| | - Stéphan Vagner
- c Institut Gustave Roussy , INSERM U981 , F-94805 Villejuif , France.,k Institut Curie , CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay , France
| | - Martin Teichmann
- a Université de Bordeaux , ARNA Laboratory , F-33076 Bordeaux , France.,b INSERM, U1212 - CNRS UMR 5320 , ARNA Laboratory , F-33000 Bordeaux , France
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33
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Bellido F, Sowada N, Mur P, Lázaro C, Pons T, Valdés-Mas R, Pineda M, Aiza G, Iglesias S, Soto JL, Urioste M, Caldés T, Balbín M, Blay P, Rueda D, Durán M, Valencia A, Moreno V, Brunet J, Blanco I, Navarro M, Calin GA, Borck G, Puente XS, Capellá G, Valle L. Association Between Germline Mutations in BRF1, a Subunit of the RNA Polymerase III Transcription Complex, and Hereditary Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2018; 154:181-194.e20. [PMID: 28912018 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although there is a genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC), few of the genes that affect risk have been identified. We performed whole-exome sequence analysis of individuals in a high-risk family without mutations in genes previously associated with CRC risk to identify variants associated with inherited CRC. METHODS We collected blood samples from 3 relatives with CRC in Spain (65, 62, and 40 years old at diagnosis) and performed whole-exome sequence analyses. Rare missense, truncating or splice-site variants shared by the 3 relatives were selected. We used targeted pooled DNA amplification followed by next generation sequencing to screen for mutations in candidate genes in 547 additional hereditary and/or early-onset CRC cases (502 additional families). We carried out protein-dependent yeast growth assays and transfection studies in the HT29 human CRC cell line to test the effects of the identified variants. RESULTS A total of 42 unique or rare (population minor allele frequency below 1%) nonsynonymous genetic variants in 38 genes were shared by all 3 relatives. We selected the BRF1 gene, which encodes an RNA polymerase III transcription initiation factor subunit for further analysis, based on the predicted effect of the identified variant and previous association of BRF1 with cancer. Previously unreported or rare germline variants in BRF1 were identified in 11 of 503 CRC families, a significantly greater proportion than in the control population (34 of 4300). Seven of the identified variants (1 detected in 2 families) affected BRF1 mRNA splicing, protein stability, or expression and/or function. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of families with a history of CRC, we associated germline mutations in BRF1 with predisposition to CRC. We associated deleterious BRF1 variants with 1.4% of familial CRC cases, in individuals without mutations in high-penetrance genes previously associated with CRC. Our findings add additional evidence to the link between defects in genes that regulate ribosome synthesis and risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bellido
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Sowada
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pilar Mur
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tirso Pons
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Valdés-Mas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Pineda
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aiza
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Iglesias
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luís Soto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Elche University Hospital, Elche, Spain; Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Foundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Urioste
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Balbín
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar Blay
- Familial Cancer Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel Rueda
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Durán
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, IBGM-UVA-CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Life Science Department, Barcelona; Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERESP, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBGi, Girona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde Navarro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xose S Puente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL and CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wang L, Qu J, Zhou L, Liao F, Wang J. MicroRNA-373 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Invasion via Targeting BRF2 in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cell Line. Cancer Res Treat 2017; 50:936-949. [PMID: 29025258 PMCID: PMC6056964 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological role and mechanism of miR-373 targeting of TFIIB-related factor 2 (BRF2) in the regulation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Materials and Methods miRNA microarray chip analysis of four paired NSCLC and adjacent non-tumor tissues was performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) andwestern blotting were used to detect the expression levels of miR-373 and BRF2 in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. The dual-luciferase reporter method was performed to determine if BRF2 is a target of miR-373. MTT, wound-healing, Transwell, and flow cytometric assays were conducted to examine the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression of NSCLC A549 cells, respectively; western blotting was used to detect the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)–related proteins. Results The miRNA microarray chip analysis demonstrated that miR-373 was down-regulated in NSCLC tissues, and this result was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Additionally, miR-373 was confirmed to target BRF2. Moreover, miR-373 expression was inversely correlated with BRF2 expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines; both miR-373 down-regulation and BRF2 up-regulation were strongly associated with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of NSCLC patients. In vitro, overexpression of miR-373 markedly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin; and down-regulated the expression of N-cadherin and Snail in A549 cell. Knockdown BRF2 by siRNA resulted in effects similar to those caused by overexpression of miR-373. Conclusion MiR-373 is decreased in NSCLC, and overexpression of miR-373 can suppress cell EMT, and inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC A549 cells by targeting BRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junfeng Qu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhou
- The Central Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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35
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Park JL, Lee YS, Kunkeaw N, Kim SY, Kim IH, Lee YS. Epigenetic regulation of noncoding RNA transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase III. Epigenomics 2017; 9:171-187. [PMID: 28112569 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase III (Pol III) synthesizes a range of medium-sized noncoding RNAs (collectively 'Pol III genes') whose early established biological roles were so essential that they were considered 'housekeeping genes'. Besides these fundamental functions, diverse unconventional roles of mammalian Pol III genes have recently been recognized and their expression must be exquisitely controlled. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic regulation of Pol III genes by chromatin structure, histone modification and CpG DNA methylation. We also recapitulate the association between dysregulation of Pol III genes and diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. Additionally, we will discuss why in-depth molecular studies of Pol III genes have not been attempted and how nc886, a Pol III gene, may resolve this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Lyul Park
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Yeon-Su Lee
- Cancer Genomics Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Nawapol Kunkeaw
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1072, USA.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 305-806, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - In-Hoo Kim
- Graduate School of Cancer Science & Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Yong Sun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1072, USA.,Graduate School of Cancer Science & Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
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36
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Gouge J, Vannini A. New tricks for an old dog: Brf2-dependent RNA Polymerase III transcription in oxidative stress and cancer. Transcription 2017; 9:61-66. [PMID: 28854119 PMCID: PMC5791813 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2017.1335269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we discuss the role of Brf2, an RNA Polymerase III core transcription factor, as a master switch of the oxidative stress response. We highlight the interplay of Brf2 with the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, as well as the role of Brf2 in cancer and other possible regulations.
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37
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Kim Y, Lee J, Shin H, Jang S, Kim SC, Lee Y. Biosynthesis of brain cytoplasmic 200 RNA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6884. [PMID: 28761139 PMCID: PMC5537265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cytoplasmic 200 RNA (BC200 RNA), a neuron-specific non-coding RNA, is also highly expressed in a number of tumors of non-neuronal origin. However, the biosynthesis of BC200 RNA remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that the efficient transcription of BC200 RNA requires both internal and upstream promoter elements in cancer cells. The transcription complex seems to interact with a broad range of sequences within the upstream 100-bp region. The cellular levels and half-lives of BC200 RNA were found to differ across various cancer cell types, but there was no significant correlation between these parameters. Exogenously expressed BC200 RNA had a shorter half-life than that observed for the endogenous version in cancer cells, suggesting that BC200 RNA might be protected by some limiting factor(s) in cancer cells. Transient transfection experiments showed that the transcriptional activity of the exogenous BC200 RNA promoter element varied depending on the cancer cell type. However, the promoter activities together with the half-life data could not explain the differences in the levels of BC200 RNA among different cell types, suggesting that there is another level of transcriptional regulation beyond that detected by our transient transfection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Heegwon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Seonghui Jang
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Younghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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38
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Khattar E, Kumar P, Liu CY, Akıncılar SC, Raju A, Lakshmanan M, Maury JJP, Qiang Y, Li S, Tan EY, Hui KM, Shi M, Loh YH, Tergaonkar V. Telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes cancer cell proliferation by augmenting tRNA expression. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4045-4060. [PMID: 27643433 DOI: 10.1172/jci86042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional reactivation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) reconstitutes telomerase activity in the majority of human cancers. Here, we found that ectopic TERT expression increases cell proliferation, while acute reductions in TERT levels lead to a dramatic loss of proliferation without any change in telomere length, suggesting that the effects of TERT could be telomere independent. We observed that TERT determines the growth rate of cancer cells by directly regulating global protein synthesis independently of its catalytic activity. Genome-wide TERT binding across 5 cancer cell lines and 2 embryonic stem cell lines revealed that endogenous TERT, driven by mutant promoters or oncogenes, directly associates with the RNA polymerase III (pol III) subunit RPC32 and enhances its recruitment to chromatin, resulting in increased RNA pol III occupancy and tRNA expression in cancers. TERT-deficient mice displayed marked delays in polyomavirus middle T oncogene-induced (PyMT-induced) mammary tumorigenesis, increased survival, and reductions in tRNA levels. Ectopic expression of either RPC32 or TERT restored tRNA levels and proliferation defects in TERT-depleted cells. Finally, we determined that levels of TERT and tRNA correlated in breast and liver cancer samples. Together, these data suggest the existence of a unifying mechanism by which TERT enhances translation in cells to regulate cancer cell proliferation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- RNA Polymerase III/metabolism
- RNA, Transfer/genetics
- RNA, Transfer/metabolism
- Telomerase/physiology
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39
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Gouge J, Satia K, Guthertz N, Widya M, Thompson AJ, Cousin P, Dergai O, Hernandez N, Vannini A. Redox Signaling by the RNA Polymerase III TFIIB-Related Factor Brf2. Cell 2016; 163:1375-87. [PMID: 26638071 PMCID: PMC4671959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TFIIB-related factor 2 (Brf2) is a member of the family of TFIIB-like core transcription factors. Brf2 recruits RNA polymerase (Pol) III to type III gene-external promoters, including the U6 spliceosomal RNA and selenocysteine tRNA genes. Found only in vertebrates, Brf2 has been linked to tumorigenesis but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We have solved crystal structures of a human Brf2-TBP complex bound to natural promoters, obtaining a detailed view of the molecular interactions occurring at Brf2-dependent Pol III promoters and highlighting the general structural and functional conservation of human Pol II and Pol III pre-initiation complexes. Surprisingly, our structural and functional studies unravel a Brf2 redox-sensing module capable of specifically regulating Pol III transcriptional output in living cells. Furthermore, we establish Brf2 as a central redox-sensing transcription factor involved in the oxidative stress pathway and provide a mechanistic model for Brf2 genetic activation in lung and breast cancer. Architectural conservation of TFIIB and TFIIB-related factors Brf2 is a redox-sensing RNA polymerase III core transcription factor Brf2 regulates cellular responses to oxidative stress Brf2 amplification enables cancer cells to evade oxidative stress-induced apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Gouge
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Karishma Satia
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Nicolas Guthertz
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Marcella Widya
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Andrew James Thompson
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Pascal Cousin
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oleksandr Dergai
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nouria Hernandez
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Vannini
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK.
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40
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Srihari S, Kalimutho M, Lal S, Singla J, Patel D, Simpson PT, Khanna KK, Ragan MA. Understanding the functional impact of copy number alterations in breast cancer using a network modeling approach. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:963-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00655d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We apply a network approach to identify genes associated incisor intranswith copy-number alterations in breast cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriganesh Srihari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
| | | | - Samir Lal
- The University of Queensland
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Jitin Singla
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
| | - Peter T. Simpson
- The University of Queensland
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research
- Brisbane
- Australia
- The University of Queensland
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Mark A. Ragan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience
- The University of Queensland
- St. Lucia
- Australia
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41
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Koo J, Cabarcas-Petroski S, Petrie JL, Diette N, White RJ, Schramm L. Induction of proto-oncogene BRF2 in breast cancer cells by the dietary soybean isoflavone daidzein. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:905. [PMID: 26573593 PMCID: PMC4647806 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRF2 is a transcription factor required for synthesis of a small group of non-coding RNAs by RNA polymerase III. Overexpression of BRF2 can transform human mammary epithelial cells. In both breast and lung cancers, the BRF2 gene is amplified and overexpressed and may serve as an oncogenic driver. Furthermore, elevated BRF2 can be independently prognostic of unfavorable survival. Dietary soy isoflavones increase metastasis to lungs in a model of breast cancer and a recent study reported significantly increased cell proliferation in breast cancer patients who used soy supplementation. The soy isoflavone daidzein is a major food-derived phytoestrogen that is structurally similar to estrogen. The putative estrogenic effect of soy raises concern that high consumption of soy foods by breast cancer patients may increase tumor growth. METHODS Expression of BRF2 RNA and protein was assayed in ER-positive or -negative human breast cancer cells after exposure to daidzein. We also measured mRNA stability, promoter methylation and response to the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine. In addition, expression was compared between mice fed diets enriched or deprived of isoflavones. RESULTS We demonstrate that the soy isoflavone daidzein specifically stimulates expression of BRF2 in ER-positive breast cancer cells, as well as the related factor BRF1. Induction is accompanied by increased levels of non-coding RNAs that are regulated by BRF2 and BRF1. Daidzein treatment stabilizes BRF2 and BRF1 mRNAs and selectively decreases methylation of the BRF2 promoter. Functional significance of demethylation is supported by induction of BRF2 by the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine. None of these effects are observed in an ER-negative breast cancer line, when tested in parallel with ER-positive breast cancer cells. In vivo relevance is suggested by the significantly elevated levels of BRF2 mRNA detected in female mice fed a high-isoflavone commercial diet. In striking contrast, BRF2 and BRF1 mRNA levels are suppressed in matched male mice fed the same isoflavone-enriched diet. CONCLUSIONS The BRF2 gene that is implicated in cancer can be induced in human breast cancer cells by the isoflavone daidzein, through promoter demethylation and/or mRNA stabilization. Dietary isoflavones may also induce BRF2 in female mice, whereas the converse occurs in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Koo
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | | | - John L Petrie
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Nicole Diette
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Robert J White
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Laura Schramm
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA.
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42
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Sadeghifar F, Böhm S, Vintermist A, Östlund Farrants AK. The B-WICH chromatin-remodelling complex regulates RNA polymerase III transcription by promoting Max-dependent c-Myc binding. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4477-90. [PMID: 25883140 PMCID: PMC4482074 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromatin-remodelling complex B-WICH, comprised of William syndrome transcription factor, the ATPase SNF2h and nuclear myosin, specifically activates RNA polymerase III transcription of the 5S rRNA and 7SL genes. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Using high-resolution MN walking we demonstrate here that B-WICH changes the chromatin structure in the vicinity of the 5S rRNA and 7SL RNA genes during RNA polymerase III transcription. The action of B-WICH is required for the binding of the RNA polymerase machinery and the regulatory factors c-Myc at the 5S rRNA and 7SL RNA genes. In addition to the c-Myc binding site at the 5S genes, we have revealed a novel c-Myc and Max binding site in the intergenic spacer of the 5S rDNA. This region also contains a region remodelled by B-WICH. We demonstrate that c-Myc binds to both sites in a Max-dependent way, and thereby activate transcription by acetylating histone H3. The novel binding patterns of c-Myc and Max link transcription of 5S rRNA to the Myc/Max/Mxd network. Since B-WICH acts prior to c-Myc and other factors, we propose a model in which the B-WICH complex is required to maintain an open chromatin structure at these RNA polymerase III genes. This is a prerequisite for the binding of additional regulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadeghifar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Böhm
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Anna Vintermist
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
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43
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Borck G, Hög F, Dentici ML, Tan PL, Sowada N, Medeira A, Gueneau L, Thiele H, Kousi M, Lepri F, Wenzeck L, Blumenthal I, Radicioni A, Schwarzenberg TL, Mandriani B, Fischetto R, Morris-Rosendahl DJ, Altmüller J, Reymond A, Nürnberg P, Merla G, Dallapiccola B, Katsanis N, Cramer P, Kubisch C. BRF1 mutations alter RNA polymerase III-dependent transcription and cause neurodevelopmental anomalies. Genome Res 2015; 25:155-66. [PMID: 25561519 PMCID: PMC4315290 DOI: 10.1101/gr.176925.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA polymerase III (Pol III) synthesizes tRNAs and other small noncoding RNAs to regulate protein synthesis. Dysregulation of Pol III transcription has been linked to cancer, and germline mutations in genes encoding Pol III subunits or tRNA processing factors cause neurogenetic disorders in humans, such as hypomyelinating leukodystrophies and pontocerebellar hypoplasia. Here we describe an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cerebellar hypoplasia and intellectual disability, as well as facial dysmorphic features, short stature, microcephaly, and dental anomalies. Whole-exome sequencing revealed biallelic missense alterations of BRF1 in three families. In support of the pathogenic potential of the discovered alleles, suppression or CRISPR-mediated deletion of brf1 in zebrafish embryos recapitulated key neurodevelopmental phenotypes; in vivo complementation showed all four candidate mutations to be pathogenic in an apparent isoform-specific context. BRF1 associates with BDP1 and TBP to form the transcription factor IIIB (TFIIIB), which recruits Pol III to target genes. We show that disease-causing mutations reduce Brf1 occupancy at tRNA target genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and impair cell growth. Moreover, BRF1 mutations reduce Pol III-related transcription activity in vitro. Taken together, our data show that BRF1 mutations that reduce protein activity cause neurodevelopmental anomalies, suggesting that BRF1-mediated Pol III transcription is required for normal cerebellar and cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Friederike Hög
- Gene Center Munich and Department of Biochemistry, Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Perciliz L Tan
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Nadine Sowada
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ana Medeira
- Serviço de Genética, Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital S. Maria, CHLN, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lucie Gueneau
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Kousi
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | | | - Larissa Wenzeck
- Gene Center Munich and Department of Biochemistry, Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ian Blumenthal
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Antonio Radicioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Mandriani
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Medical Genetics Unit, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; PhD Program, Molecular Genetics applied to Medical Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Fischetto
- U.O. Malattie Metaboliche PO Giovanni XXIII, AOU Policlinico Consorziale, 70120 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute for Human Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Medical Genetics Unit, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Increased SOX2 gene copy number is associated with FGFR1 and PIK3CA gene gain in non-small cell lung cancer and predicts improved survival in early stage disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95303. [PMID: 24736592 PMCID: PMC3988173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate prevalence and prognostic role of SOX2, PIK3CA, FGFR1 and BRF2 gene gain in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods SOX2, PIK3CA, FGFR1 and BRF2 gene copy number was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in arrayed tissue cores from 447 resected NSCLCs. Results Increased gene copy number (FISH+) for SOX2, PIK3CA, FGFR1 and BRF2 was observed in 23.6%, 29.2%, 16.6% and 14.9% of cases, respectively. FISH+ status for each gene was significantly associated with smoking history, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histology, and increased copy number of the other studied genes. Multivariate analysis of overall survival indicated increased SOX2 gene copy number (P = 0.008), stage I-II (P<0.001), and adenocarcinoma or SCC histology (P = 0.016) as independent, favorable prognostic factors. A statistically significant interaction was observed between stage and SOX2 gene status (P = 0.021), indicating that the prognostic impact of SOX2 gene gain differs across stages and is limited to patients with stage I-II disease (HR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.77; P = 0.004, adjusted for histology). Conclusions Increased SOX2 gene copy number is an independent and favorable prognostic factor in surgically resected, early stage NSCLC, regardless of histology. SOX2, PIK3CA, FGFR1 and BRF2 gene gains are likely to occur concurrently, with potentially relevant implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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TFIIB-related factor 2 is associated with poor prognosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients through promoting tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:530786. [PMID: 24738062 PMCID: PMC3971564 DOI: 10.1155/2014/530786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found that increased BRF2 protein expression was prevalent in NSCLC. Overexpression of BRF2 correlated with abnormal expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and snail. Additionally, expression of BRF2 was found to be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, we showed that targeted knockdown of BRF2 expression could inhibit the migratory and invasive abilities of NSCLC cells and induced loss of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of NSCLC cells. These results suggested that BRF2 overexpression in tumor tissues is significantly associated with the poor prognosis of NSCLC patients through promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program.
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Villicaña C, Cruz G, Zurita M. The basal transcription machinery as a target for cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:18. [PMID: 24576043 PMCID: PMC3942515 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
General transcription is required for the growth and survival of all living cells. However, tumor cells require extraordinary levels of transcription, including the transcription of ribosomal RNA genes by RNA polymerase I (RNPI) and mRNA by RNA polymerase II (RNPII). In fact, cancer cells have mutations that directly enhance transcription and are frequently required for cancer transformation. For example, the recent discovery that MYC enhances the transcription of the majority genes in the genome correlates with the fact that several transcription interfering drugs preferentially kill cancer cells. In recent years, advances in the mechanistic studies of the basal transcription machinery and the discovery of drugs that interfere with multiple components of transcription are being used to combat cancer. For example, drugs such as triptolide that targets the general transcription factors TFIIH and JQ1 to inhibit BRD4 are administered to target the high proliferative rate of cancer cells. Given the importance of finding new strategies to preferentially sensitize tumor cells, this review primarily focuses on several transcription inhibitory drugs to demonstrate that the basal transcription machinery constitutes a potential target for the design of novel cancer drugs. We highlight the drugs’ mechanisms for interfering with tumor cell survival, their importance in cancer treatment and the challenges of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Zurita
- Departament of Developmental Genetics, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Mexico.
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TFIIB-related factor 2 over expression is a prognosis marker for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer correlated with tumor angiogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88032. [PMID: 24523874 PMCID: PMC3921153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to examine BRF2 expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore the relationship of BRF2 protein with clinicopathologic factors, tumor angiogenesis and prognosis. Methods Both BRF2 protein and intratumoral microvessels were examined by immunohistochemical staining in 107 non-small cell lung cancer patients. Intratumoral m icrovessel density (MVD) was measured by counting CD-34 positive immunostained endothelial cells. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses were utilized to investigate the BRF2 expression status in tissues Results A notably higher level of BRF2 expression was found in NSCLC tissues at protein levels. In addition, univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated that BRF2 protein over-expression and high MVD were significantly associated with tumor relapse. Although BRF2 overexpression and high MVD indicated poor 5-year overall survival (p = 0.004 and p = 0.019, respectively), multivariate analysis demonstrated that only BRF2 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for unfavorable overall survival (P = 0.021). Conclusions BRF2 is a promising biomarker to identify individuals with poor prognostic potential and a possible target for anti-angiogenic therapy for patients with early-stage NSCLC.
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Epigenetic regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2013; 1829:1015-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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49
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Bywater MJ, Pearson RB, McArthur GA, Hannan RD. Dysregulation of the basal RNA polymerase transcription apparatus in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13:299-314. [PMID: 23612459 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations that directly affect transcription by RNA polymerases rank among the most central mediators of malignant transformation, but the frequency of new anticancer drugs that selectively target defective transcription apparatus entering the clinic has been limited. This is because targeting the large protein-protein and protein-DNA interfaces that control both generic and selective aspects of RNA polymerase transcription has proved extremely difficult. However, recent technological advances have led to a 'quantum leap' in our comprehension of the structure and function of the core RNA polymerase components, how they are dysregulated in a broad range of cancers and how they may be targeted for 'transcription therapy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Bywater
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 8006, Victoria, Australia
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50
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Lu M, Tian H, Yue W, Li L, Li S, Qi L, Hu W, Gao C, Si L. Overexpression of TFIIB-related factor 2 is significantly correlated with tumor angiogenesis and poor survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer. Med Oncol 2013; 30:553. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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