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Long Q, Sebesta M, Sedova K, Haluza V, Alagia A, Liu Z, Stefl R, Gullerova M. The phosphorylated trimeric SOSS1 complex and RNA polymerase II trigger liquid-liquid phase separation at double-strand breaks. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113489. [PMID: 38039132 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most severe type of DNA damage. Previously, we demonstrated that RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) phosphorylated at the tyrosine 1 (Y1P) residue of its C-terminal domain (CTD) generates RNAs at DSBs. However, the regulation of transcription at DSBs remains enigmatic. Here, we show that the damage-activated tyrosine kinase c-Abl phosphorylates hSSB1, enabling its interaction with Y1P RNAPII at DSBs. Furthermore, the trimeric SOSS1 complex, consisting of hSSB1, INTS3, and c9orf80, binds to Y1P RNAPII in response to DNA damage in an R-loop-dependent manner. Specifically, hSSB1, as a part of the trimeric SOSS1 complex, exhibits a strong affinity for R-loops, even in the presence of replication protein A (RPA). Our in vitro and in vivo data reveal that the SOSS1 complex and RNAPII form dynamic liquid-like repair compartments at DSBs. Depletion of the SOSS1 complex impairs DNA repair, underscoring its biological role in the R-loop-dependent DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Long
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Marek Sebesta
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Sedova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Haluza
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adele Alagia
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Richard Stefl
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Gullerova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
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2
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Canoy RJ, Shmakova A, Karpukhina A, Lomov N, Tiukacheva E, Kozhevnikova Y, André F, Germini D, Vassetzky Y. Specificity of cancer-related chromosomal translocations is linked to proximity after the DNA double-strand break and subsequent selection. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad049. [PMID: 37750169 PMCID: PMC10518054 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer-related chromosomal translocations appear to be cell type specific. It is currently unknown why different chromosomal translocations occur in different cells. This can be due to either the occurrence of particular translocations in specific cell types or adaptive survival advantage conferred by translocations only in specific cells. We experimentally addressed this question by double-strand break (DSB) induction at MYC, IGH, AML and ETO loci in the same cell to generate chromosomal translocations in different cell lineages. Our results show that any translocation can potentially arise in any cell type. We have analyzed different factors that could affect the frequency of the translocations, and only the spatial proximity between gene loci after the DSB induction correlated with the resulting translocation frequency, supporting the 'breakage-first' model. Furthermore, upon long-term culture of cells with the generated chromosomal translocations, only oncogenic MYC-IGH and AML-ETO translocations persisted over a 60-day period. Overall, the results suggest that chromosomal translocation can be generated after DSB induction in any type of cell, but whether the cell with the translocation would persist in a cell population depends on the cell type-specific selective survival advantage that the chromosomal translocation confers to the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynand Jay Canoy
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, 1000 Manila, The Philippines
| | - Anna Shmakova
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Organization ‘National Cardiology Research Center’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 127994 Moscow, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 117334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Karpukhina
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 117334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Lomov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugenia Tiukacheva
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 117334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana Kozhevnikova
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Franck André
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Diego Germini
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- UMR 9018, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, 117334 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Yang JH, Brandão HB, Hansen AS. DNA double-strand break end synapsis by DNA loop extrusion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1913. [PMID: 37024496 PMCID: PMC10079674 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37583-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur every cell cycle and must be efficiently repaired. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the dominant pathway for DSB repair in G1-phase. The first step of NHEJ is to bring the two DSB ends back into proximity (synapsis). Although synapsis is generally assumed to occur through passive diffusion, we show that passive diffusion is unlikely to produce the synapsis speed observed in cells. Instead, we hypothesize that DNA loop extrusion facilitates synapsis. By combining experimentally constrained simulations and theory, we show that a simple loop extrusion model constrained by previous live-cell imaging data only modestly accelerates synapsis. Instead, an expanded loop extrusion model with targeted loading of loop extruding factors (LEFs), a small portion of long-lived LEFs, and LEF stabilization by boundary elements and DSB ends achieves fast synapsis with near 100% efficiency. We propose that loop extrusion contributes to DSB repair by mediating fast synapsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin H Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Hugo B Brandão
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, 92122, USA.
| | - Anders S Hansen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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4
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Viushkov VS, Lomov NA, Rubtsov MA, Vassetzky YS. Visualizing the Genome: Experimental Approaches for Live-Cell Chromatin Imaging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244086. [PMID: 36552850 PMCID: PMC9776900 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, our vision of the genome has changed from a linear molecule to that of a complex 3D structure that follows specific patterns and possesses a hierarchical organization. Currently, genomics is becoming "four-dimensional": our attention is increasingly focused on the study of chromatin dynamics over time, in the fourth dimension. Recent methods for visualizing the movements of chromatin loci in living cells by targeting fluorescent proteins can be divided into two groups. The first group requires the insertion of a special sequence into the locus of interest, to which proteins that recognize the sequence are recruited (e.g., FROS and ParB-INT methods). In the methods of the second approach, "programmed" proteins are targeted to the locus of interest (i.e., systems based on CRISPR/Cas, TALE, and zinc finger proteins). In the present review, we discuss these approaches, examine their strengths and weaknesses, and identify the key scientific problems that can be studied using these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Viushkov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai A. Lomov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Rubtsov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Industrial Technologies and Entrepreneurship, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor S. Vassetzky
- CNRS UMR9018, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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5
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Mehta S, Zhang J. Liquid-liquid phase separation drives cellular function and dysfunction in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:239-252. [PMID: 35149762 PMCID: PMC10036213 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of uncontrollably reproducing cells. It is governed by biochemical pathways that have escaped the regulatory bounds of normal homeostatic balance. This balance is maintained through precise spatiotemporal regulation of these pathways. The formation of biomolecular condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has recently emerged as a widespread mechanism underlying the spatiotemporal coordination of biological activities in cells. Biomolecular condensates are widely observed to directly regulate key cellular processes involved in cancer cell pathology, and the dysregulation of LLPS is increasingly implicated as a previously hidden driver of oncogenic activity. In this Perspective, we discuss how LLPS shapes the biochemical landscape of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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6
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Abstract
ABSTRACT In May 2020, the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors rucaparib and olaparib were Food and Drug Administration approved for the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers. Rucaparib was approved for tumors that harbor alterations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 following progression on chemotherapy and androgen receptor-directed therapy, whereas olaparib was approved for tumors that harbor alterations in a broader range of DNA damage repair genes following progression on androgen receptor-directed therapy. Loss-of-function mutations in genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase reliance on PARP-mediated mechanisms of DNA repair, and inhibition of this pathway results in the accumulation of lethal levels of DNA damage. This dependence is advantageous in the management of prostate cancer, as mutations in DNA damage repair genes are frequent. This review summarizes the role of PARP in cell homeostasis, methods of targeting PARP in cancer cells, and current clinical trials in the management of advanced prostate cancer with PARP inhibitors.
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7
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Atkin ND, Raimer HM, Wang Z, Zang C, Wang YH. Assessing acute myeloid leukemia susceptibility in rearrangement-driven patients by DNA breakage at topoisomerase II and CCCTC-binding factor/cohesin binding sites. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2021; 60:808-821. [PMID: 34405474 PMCID: PMC8511143 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An initiating DNA double strand break (DSB) event precedes the formation of cancer-driven chromosomal abnormalities, such as gene rearrangements. Therefore, measuring DNA breaks at rearrangement-participating regions can provide a unique tool to identify and characterize susceptible individuals. Here, we developed a highly sensitive and low-input DNA break mapping method, the first of its kind for patient samples. We then measured genome-wide DNA breakage in normal cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with KMT2A (previously MLL) rearrangements, compared to that of nonfusion AML individuals, as a means to evaluate individual susceptibility to gene rearrangements. DNA breakage at the KMT2A gene region was significantly greater in fusion-driven remission individuals, as compared to nonfusion individuals. Moreover, we identified select topoisomerase II (TOP2)-sensitive and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)/cohesin-binding sites with preferential DNA breakage in fusion-driven patients. Importantly, measuring DSBs at these sites, in addition to the KMT2A gene region, provided greater predictive power when assessing individual break susceptibility. We also demonstrated that low-dose etoposide exposure further elevated DNA breakage at these regions in fusion-driven AML patients, but not in nonfusion patients, indicating that these sites are preferentially sensitive to TOP2 activity in fusion-driven AML patients. These results support that mapping of DSBs in patients enables discovery of novel break-prone regions and monitoring of individuals susceptible to chromosomal abnormalities, and thus cancer. This will build the foundation for early detection of cancer-susceptible individuals, as well as those preferentially susceptible to therapy-related malignancies caused by treatment with TOP2 poisons.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites/genetics
- CCCTC-Binding Factor/blood
- CCCTC-Binding Factor/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/blood
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/blood
- Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/blood
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Chromosome Aberrations
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded/drug effects
- DNA Repair/genetics
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/blood
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/blood
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement/genetics
- Genome, Human/genetics
- HeLa Cells
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/blood
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/blood
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/blood
- Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins/genetics
- Cohesins
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi D. Atkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
| | - Heather M. Raimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
| | - Yuh-Hwa Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908-0733, USA
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8
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Chromosome Folding Promotes Intrachromosomal Aberrations under Radiation- and Nuclease-Induced DNA Breakage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212186. [PMID: 34830065 PMCID: PMC8618582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-standing question in radiation and cancer biology is how principles of chromosome organization impact the formation of chromosomal aberrations (CAs). To address this issue, we developed a physical modeling approach and analyzed high-throughput genomic data from chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) and translocation sequencing (HTGTS) methods. Combining modeling of chromosome structure and of chromosomal aberrations induced by ionizing radiation (IR) and nuclease we made predictions which quantitatively correlated with key experimental findings in mouse chromosomes: chromosome contact maps, high frequency of cis-translocation breakpoints far outside of the site of nuclease-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the distinct shape of breakpoint distribution in chromosomes with different 3D organizations. These correlations support the heteropolymer globule principle of chromosome organization in G1-arrested pro-B mouse cells. The joint analysis of Hi-C, HTGTS and physical modeling data offers mechanistic insight into how chromosome structure heterogeneity, globular folding and lesion dynamics drive IR-recurrent CAs. The results provide the biophysical and computational basis for the analysis of chromosome aberration landscape under IR and nuclease-induced DSBs.
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9
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Chen YK, Tan YY, Yao M, Lin HC, Tsai MH, Li YY, Hsu YJ, Huang TT, Chang CW, Cheng CM, Chuang CY. Bisphenol A-induced DNA damages promote to lymphoma progression in human lymphoblastoid cells through aberrant CTNNB1 signaling pathway. iScience 2021; 24:102888. [PMID: 34401669 PMCID: PMC8350018 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is a group of blood cancers that develop from the immune system, and one of the main risk factors is associated with exposure to environmental chemicals. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common chemical used in the manufacture of materials in polycarbonate and epoxy plastic products and can interfere with the immune system. BPA is considered to possibly induce lymphoma development by affecting the immune system, but its potential mechanisms have not been well established. This study performed a gene-network analysis of microarray data sets in human lymphoma tissues as well as in human cells with BPA exposure to explore module genes and construct the potential pathway for lymphomagenesis in response to BPA. This study provided evidence that BPA exposure resulted in disrupted cell cycle and DNA damage by activating CTNNB1, the initiator of the aberrant constructed CTNNB1-NFKB1-AR-IGF1-TWIST1 pathway, which may potentially lead to lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Kai Chen
- Department of Hematology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Yan Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Min Yao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chen Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Hsun Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yun Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Jen Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Tao Huang
- Biomedical Platform and Incubation Service Division, Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, 302, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Biomedical Platform and Incubation Service Division, Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, 302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Cheng
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, 310, Taiwan
- Mike & Clement TECH Co., Ltd., Changhua Country, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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10
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Falk M, Hausmann M. A Paradigm Revolution or Just Better Resolution-Will Newly Emerging Superresolution Techniques Identify Chromatin Architecture as a Key Factor in Radiation-Induced DNA Damage and Repair Regulation? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E18. [PMID: 33374540 PMCID: PMC7793109 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) have been recognized as the most serious lesions in irradiated cells. While several biochemical pathways capable of repairing these lesions have been identified, the mechanisms by which cells select a specific pathway for activation at a given DSB site remain poorly understood. Our knowledge of DSB induction and repair has increased dramatically since the discovery of ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIFs), initiating the possibility of spatiotemporally monitoring the assembly and disassembly of repair complexes in single cells. IRIF exploration revealed that all post-irradiation processes-DSB formation, repair and misrepair-are strongly dependent on the characteristics of DSB damage and the microarchitecture of the whole affected chromatin domain in addition to the cell status. The microscale features of IRIFs, such as their morphology, mobility, spatiotemporal distribution, and persistence kinetics, have been linked to repair mechanisms. However, the influence of various biochemical and structural factors and their specific combinations on IRIF architecture remains unknown, as does the hierarchy of these factors in the decision-making process for a particular repair mechanism at each individual DSB site. New insights into the relationship between the physical properties of the incident radiation, chromatin architecture, IRIF architecture, and DSB repair mechanisms and repair efficiency are expected from recent developments in optical superresolution microscopy (nanoscopy) techniques that have shifted our ability to analyze chromatin and IRIF architectures towards the nanoscale. In the present review, we discuss this relationship, attempt to correlate still rather isolated nanoscale studies with already better-understood aspects of DSB repair at the microscale, and consider whether newly emerging "correlated multiscale structuromics" can revolutionarily enhance our knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Falk
- Institute of Biophysics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
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11
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Gomez Godinez V, Kabbara S, Sherman A, Wu T, Cohen S, Kong X, Maravillas-Montero JL, Shi Z, Preece D, Yokomori K, Berns MW. DNA damage induced during mitosis undergoes DNA repair synthesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227849. [PMID: 32343690 PMCID: PMC7188217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mitotic DNA damage response (DDR) is critical to our comprehension of cancer, premature aging and developmental disorders which are marked by DNA repair deficiencies. In this study we use a micro-focused laser to induce DNA damage in selected mitotic chromosomes to study the subsequent repair response. Our findings demonstrate that (1) mitotic cells are capable of DNA repair as evidenced by DNA synthesis at damage sites, (2) Repair is attenuated when DNA-PKcs and ATM are simultaneously compromised, (3) Laser damage may permit the observation of previously undetected DDR proteins when damage is elicited by other methods in mitosis, and (4) Twenty five percent of mitotic DNA-damaged cells undergo a subsequent mitosis. Together these findings suggest that mitotic DDR is more complex than previously thought and may involve factors from multiple repair pathways that are better understood in interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gomez Godinez
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sami Kabbara
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Adria Sherman
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Tao Wu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Shirli Cohen
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Xiangduo Kong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | | | - Zhixia Shi
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Daryl Preece
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Kyoko Yokomori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Berns
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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12
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Guerreiro IM, Barros-Silva D, Lopes P, Cantante M, Cunha AL, Lobo J, Antunes L, Rodrigues A, Soares M, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. RAD51Bme Levels as a Potential Predictive Biomarker for PD-1 Blockade Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041000. [PMID: 32252414 PMCID: PMC7230458 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) cells frequently express high levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Although these levels grossly correlate with the likelihood of response to specific checkpoint inhibitors, the response prediction is rather imperfect, and more accurate predictive biomarkers are mandatory. We examined the methylation profile of RAD51B (RAD51Bme) as a candidate predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1 therapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), correlating with patients’ outcome. PD-L1 immunoexpression and RAD51Bme levels were analysed in NSCLC samples obtained from patients not treated with anti-PD-1 (Untreated Cohort (#1)) and patients treated with PD-1 blockade (Treated Cohort (#2)). Of a total of 127 patients assessed, 58.3% depicted PD-L1 positivity (PD-L1+). RAD51Bme levels were significantly associated with PD-L1 immunoexpression. Patients with PD-1 blockade clinical benefit disclosed higher RAD51Bme levels (p = 0.0390) and significantly lower risk of disease progression (HR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15–0.88; p = 0.025). Combining RAD51Bme+ with PD-L1+ improved the sensitivity of the test to predict immunotherapy response. PD-L1+ was also associated with lower risk of death (HR 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15–0.81; p = 0.014). Thus, RAD51Bme levels might be combined with validated predictive biomarker PD-L1 immunostaining to select patients who will most likely experience clinical benefit from PD-1 blockade. The predictive value of RAD51Bme should be confirmed in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Maria Guerreiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (I.M.G.); (C.J.); Tel.: +351-225-084-000 (I.M.G.); Fax: +351-225-084-001 (I.M.G.)
| | - Daniela Barros-Silva
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Paula Lopes
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Cantante
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Cunha
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Soares
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (A.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (D.B.-S.); (P.L.); (M.C.); (A.L.C.); (J.L.); (R.H.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (I.M.G.); (C.J.); Tel.: +351-225-084-000 (I.M.G.); Fax: +351-225-084-001 (I.M.G.)
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13
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Sall FB, El Amine R, Markozashvili D, Tsfasman T, Oksenhendler E, Lipinski M, Vassetzky Y, Germini D. HIV-1 Tat protein induces aberrant activation of AICDA in human B-lymphocytes from peripheral blood. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15678-15685. [PMID: 30701532 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for Burkitt lymphoma, a B-cell malignancy which occurs after a chromosomal translocation rearranging the MYC oncogene with an immunoglobulin gene locus, usually the IGH heavy chain gene locus. We have previously reported that the HIV protein Tat which circulates in all HIV-positive individuals whatever their immune status caused an increased rate of colocalization between IGH and MYC in B-cells nuclei. We here present in vitro evidence that Tat activates the expression of the AICDA gene that encodes the activation-induced cytidine deaminase whose physiological function is to create double-strand breaks for immunoglobulin gene maturation. In the presence of Tat, DNA damage was observed concomitantly in both MYC and IGH, followed by DNA repair by nonhomologous end joining. AICDA was further found overexpressed in vivo in peripheral blood B-cells from HIV-infected individuals. Thus, the capacity of Tat to spontaneously penetrate B-cells could be sufficient to favor the occurrence of MYC-IGH oncogenic rearrangements during erroneous repair, a plausible cause for the increased incidence of Burkitt lymphoma in the HIV-infected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimata Bintou Sall
- Department of UMR8126, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, France
| | - Rawan El Amine
- Department of UMR8126, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, France
| | - Diana Markozashvili
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana Tsfasman
- Department of UMR8126, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Oksenhendler
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lipinski
- Department of UMR8126, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, France
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- Department of UMR8126, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, France.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diego Germini
- Department of UMR8126, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, France
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14
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Kopa P, Macieja A, Galita G, Witczak ZJ, Poplawski T. DNA Double Strand Breaks Repair Inhibitors: Relevance as Potential New Anticancer Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1483-1493. [PMID: 29446719 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks are considered one of the most lethal forms of DNA damage. Many effective anticancer therapeutic approaches used chemical and physical methods to generate DNA double-strand breaks in the cancer cells. They include: IR and drugs which mimetic its action, topoisomerase poisons, some alkylating agents or drugs which affected DNA replication process. On the other hand, cancer cells are mostly characterized by highly effective systems of DNA damage repair. There are two main DNA repair pathways used to fix double-strand breaks: NHEJ and HRR. Their activity leads to a decreased effect of chemotherapy. Targeting directly or indirectly the DNA double-strand breaks response by inhibitors seems to be an exciting option for anticancer therapy and is a part of novel trends that arise after the clinical success of PARP inhibitors. These trends will provide great opportunities for the development of DNA repair inhibitors as new potential anticancer drugs. The main objective of this article is to address these new promising advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kopa
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland
| | - Anna Macieja
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Galita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Zbigniew J Witczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, United States
| | - Tomasz Poplawski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
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15
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Cabezas M, García-Quevedo L, Alonso C, Manubens M, Álvarez Y, Barquinero JF, Ramón Y Cajal S, Ortega M, Blanco A, Caballín MR, Armengol G. Polymorphisms in MDM2 and TP53 Genes and Risk of Developing Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:150. [PMID: 30655613 PMCID: PMC6336808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most severe complications after successful cancer therapy is the development of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN). Constitutional genetic variation is likely to impact on t-MN risk. We aimed to evaluate if polymorphisms in the p53 pathway can be useful for predicting t-MN susceptibility. First, an association study revealed that the Pro variant of the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and the G allele of the MDM2 SNP309 were associated with t-MN risk. The Arg variant of TP53 is more efficient at inducing apoptosis, whereas the Pro variant is a more potent inductor of cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. As regards MDM2 SNP309, the G allele is associated with attenuation of the p53 apoptotic response. Second, to evaluate the biological effect of the TP53 polymorphism, we established Jurkat isogenic cell lines expressing p53Arg or p53Pro. Jurkat p53Arg cells presented higher DNA damage and higher apoptotic potential than p53Pro cells, after treatment with chemotherapy agents. Only p53Pro cells presented t(15;17) translocation and del(5q). We suggest that failure to repair DNA lesions in p53Arg cells would lead them to apoptosis, whereas some p53Pro cells, prone to cell cycle arrest and DNA repair, could undergo misrepair, generating chromosomal abnormalities typical of t-MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cabezas
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lydia García-Quevedo
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cintia Alonso
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Manubens
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Álvarez
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Francesc Barquinero
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Margarita Ortega
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adoración Blanco
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Rosa Caballín
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
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16
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Arifulin EA, Sorokin DV, Tvorogova AV, Kurnaeva MA, Musinova YR, Zhironkina OA, Golyshev SA, Abramchuk SS, Vassetzky YS, Sheval EV. Heterochromatin restricts the mobility of nuclear bodies. Chromosoma 2018; 127:529-537. [PMID: 30291421 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-018-0683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear bodies are relatively immobile organelles. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying their movement using experimentally induced interphase prenucleolar bodies (iPNBs). Most iPNBs demonstrated constrained diffusion, exhibiting infrequent fusions with other iPNBs and nucleoli. Fusion events were actin-independent and appeared to be the consequence of stochastic collisions between iPNBs. Most iPNBs were surrounded by condensed chromatin, while fusing iPNBs were usually found in a single heterochromatin-delimited compartment ("cage"). The experimentally induced over-condensation of chromatin significantly decreased the frequency of iPNB fusion. Thus, the data obtained indicate that the mobility of nuclear bodies is restricted by heterochromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Arifulin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Sorokin
- Laboratory of Mathematical Methods of Image Processing, Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Tvorogova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita A Kurnaeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana R Musinova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 26, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana A Zhironkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Golyshev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S Abramchuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor S Vassetzky
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 26, 119334, Moscow, Russia.
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- UMR8126, CNRS, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, 94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
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17
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Arifulin EA, Musinova YR, Vassetzky YS, Sheval EV. Mobility of Nuclear Components and Genome Functioning. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:690-700. [PMID: 30195325 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918060068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell nucleus is characterized by strong compartmentalization of structural components in its three-dimensional space. Certain genomic functions are accompanied by changes in the localization of chromatin loci and nuclear bodies. Here we review recent data on the mobility of nuclear components and the role of this mobility in genome functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Arifulin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Y R Musinova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, 94805, France.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Y S Vassetzky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, 94805, France.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.,UMR8126, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, 94805, France
| | - E V Sheval
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, 94805, France
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18
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Fishman VS, Salnikov PA, Battulin NR. Interpreting Chromosomal Rearrangements in the Context of 3-Dimentional Genome Organization: A Practical Guide for Medical Genetics. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:393-401. [PMID: 29626926 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this exciting era of "next-gen cytogenetics", the use of novel molecular methods such as comparative genome hybridization and whole genome and whole exome sequencing becomes more and more common in clinics. This results in generation of large amounts of high-resolution patient-specific data and challenges the development of new approaches for interpretation of obtained information. Usually, interpretation of chromosomal rearrangements is focused on alterations of linear genome sequence, underestimating the role of spatial chromatin organization. In this article, we describe the main features of 3-dimentional genome organization, emphasizing their role in normal and pathological development. We highlight some tips to help physicians estimating the impact of chromosomal rearrangements on the patient phenotype. A separate section describes available tools that can be used to visualize and analyze human genome architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Fishman
- Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 63009, Russia.
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19
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Iarovaia OV, Ioudinkova ES, Razin SV, Vassetzky YS. Role of the Nucleolus in Rearrangements of the IGH Locus. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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In Silico Non-Homologous End Joining Following Ion Induced DNA Double Strand Breaks Predicts That Repair Fidelity Depends on Break Density. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2654. [PMID: 29422642 PMCID: PMC5805743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work uses Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the dependence of residual and misrepaired double strand breaks (DSBs) at 24 hours on the initial damage pattern created during ion therapy. We present results from a nanometric DNA damage simulation coupled to a mechanistic model of Non-Homologous End Joining, capable of predicting the position, complexity, and repair of DSBs. The initial damage pattern is scored by calculating the average number of DSBs within 70 nm from every DSB. We show that this local DSB density, referred to as the cluster density, can linearly predict misrepair regardless of ion species. The models predict that the fraction of residual DSBs is constant, with 7.3% of DSBs left unrepaired following 24 hours of repair. Through simulation over a range of doses and linear energy transfer (LET) we derive simple correlations capable of predicting residual and misrepaired DSBs. These equations are applicable to ion therapy treatment planning where both dose and LET are scored. This is demonstrated by applying the correlations to an example of a clinical proton spread out Bragg peak. Here we see a considerable biological effect past the distal edge, dominated by residual DSBs.
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21
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Lin CY, Shukla A, Grady JP, Fink JL, Dray E, Duijf PHG. Translocation Breakpoints Preferentially Occur in Euchromatin and Acrocentric Chromosomes. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10010013. [PMID: 29316705 PMCID: PMC5789363 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations drive the development of many hematological and some solid cancers. Several factors have been identified to explain the non-random occurrence of translocation breakpoints in the genome. These include chromatin density, gene density and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)/cohesin binding site density. However, such factors are at least partially interdependent. Using 13,844 and 1563 karyotypes from human blood and solid cancers, respectively, our multiple regression analysis only identified chromatin density as the primary statistically significant predictor. Specifically, translocation breakpoints preferentially occur in open chromatin. Also, blood and solid tumors show markedly distinct translocation signatures. Strikingly, translocation breakpoints occur significantly more frequently in acrocentric chromosomes than in non-acrocentric chromosomes. Thus, translocations are probably often generated around nucleoli in the inner nucleoplasm, away from the nuclear envelope. Importantly, our findings remain true both in multivariate analyses and after removal of highly recurrent translocations. Finally, we applied pairwise probabilistic co-occurrence modeling. In addition to well-known highly prevalent translocations, such as those resulting in BCR-ABL1 (BCR-ABL) and RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (AML1-ETO) fusion genes, we identified significantly underrepresented translocations with putative fusion genes, which are probably subject to strong negative selection during tumor evolution. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the generation and selection of translocations during cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Lin
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Ankit Shukla
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - John P Grady
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - J Lynn Fink
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Eloise Dray
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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22
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El-Amine R, Germini D, Zakharova VV, Tsfasman T, Sheval EV, Louzada RAN, Dupuy C, Bilhou-Nabera C, Hamade A, Najjar F, Oksenhendler E, Lipinski M, Chernyak BV, Vassetzky YS. HIV-1 Tat protein induces DNA damage in human peripheral blood B-lymphocytes via mitochondrial ROS production. Redox Biol 2017; 15:97-108. [PMID: 29220699 PMCID: PMC5725280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with B-cell malignancies in patients though HIV-1 is not able to infect B-cells. The rate of B-cell lymphomas in HIV-infected individuals remains high even under the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) that reconstitutes the immune function. Thus, the contribution of HIV-1 to B-cell oncogenesis remains enigmatic. HIV-1 induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in infected cells via multiple mechanisms, including viral Tat protein. We have detected elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in B-cells of HIV-infected individuals. As Tat is present in blood of infected individuals and is able to transduce cells, we hypothesized that it could induce oxidative DNA damage in B-cells promoting genetic instability and malignant transformation. Indeed, incubation of B-cells isolated from healthy donors with purified Tat protein led to oxidative stress, a decrease in the glutathione (GSH) levels, DNA damage and appearance of chromosomal aberrations. The effects of Tat relied on its transcriptional activity and were mediated by NF-κB activation. Tat stimulated oxidative stress in B-cells mostly via mitochondrial ROS production which depended on the reverse electron flow in Complex I of respiratory chain. We propose that Tat-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations are novel oncogenic factors favoring B-cell lymphomas in HIV-1 infected individuals. B-cells of HIV-infected individuals exhibit elevated levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Purified HIV-1 Tat protein reproduces this effect and induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in B-cells. HIV-1 Tat induces mitochondrial oxidative stress and activates NF-kB in B-cells. This condition increases the risk of developing chromosomal abnormalities and translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan El-Amine
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; Doctoral school of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon; Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II/Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Lebanese University, Jdeidet El Metn-Fanar, Lebanon; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II/EDST, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El Metn-Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Diego Germini
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vlada V Zakharova
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Tsfasman
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruy A N Louzada
- UMR 8200, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- UMR 8200, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Chrystèle Bilhou-Nabera
- Biological Hematology Service-U.F. of Onco-Hematology Cytogenetics-Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Aline Hamade
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II/Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Lebanese University, Jdeidet El Metn-Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Fadia Najjar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II/EDST, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El Metn-Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Eric Oksenhendler
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Marс Lipinski
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V Chernyak
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor S Vassetzky
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
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23
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O’Kane GM, Connor AA, Gallinger S. Characterization, Detection, and Treatment Approaches for Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:1121-1137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Bou Saada Y, Zakharova V, Chernyak B, Dib C, Carnac G, Dokudovskaya S, Vassetzky YS. Control of DNA integrity in skeletal muscle under physiological and pathological conditions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3439-3449. [PMID: 28444416 PMCID: PMC11107590 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly oxygen-consuming tissue that ensures body support and movement, as well as nutrient and temperature regulation. DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species is present in muscles and tends to accumulate with age. Here, we present a summary of data obtained on DNA damage and its implication in muscle homeostasis, myogenic differentiation and neuromuscular disorders. Controlled and transient DNA damage appears to be essential for muscular homeostasis and differentiation while uncontrolled and chronic DNA damage negatively affects muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Bou Saada
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Vlada Zakharova
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117334, Russia
| | - Boris Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117334, Russia
| | - Carla Dib
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Gilles Carnac
- PhyMedExp, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, University of Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Svetlana Dokudovskaya
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Yegor S Vassetzky
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 117334, Russia.
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, 117334, Russia.
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25
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Uranga LA, Reyes ED, Patidar PL, Redman LN, Lusetti SL. The cohesin-like RecN protein stimulates RecA-mediated recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15282. [PMID: 28513583 PMCID: PMC5442325 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RecN is a cohesin-like protein involved in DNA double-strand break repair in bacteria. The RecA recombinase functions to mediate repair via homologous DNA strand invasion to form D-loops. Here we provide evidence that the RecN protein stimulates the DNA strand invasion step of RecA-mediated recombinational DNA repair. The intermolecular DNA tethering activity of RecN protein described previously cannot fully explain this novel activity since stimulation of RecA function is species-specific and requires RecN ATP hydrolysis. Further, DNA-bound RecA protein increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis catalysed by RecN during the DNA pairing reaction. DNA-dependent RecN ATPase kinetics are affected by RecA protein in a manner suggesting a specific order of protein-DNA assembly, with RecN acting after RecA binds DNA. We present a model for RecN function that includes presynaptic stimulation of the bacterial repair pathway perhaps by contributing to the RecA homology search before ternary complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Uranga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, MSC 3C, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - Emigdio D. Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, MSC 3C, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - Praveen L. Patidar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, MSC 3C, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - Lindsay N. Redman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, MSC 3C, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - Shelley L. Lusetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, MSC 3C, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
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26
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HIV Tat induces a prolonged MYC relocalization next to IGH in circulating B-cells. Leukemia 2017; 31:2515-2522. [PMID: 28360415 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the risk for HIV-infected individuals to develop a non-Hodgkin lymphoma is diminished. However, the incidence of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) remains strikingly elevated. Most BL present a t(8;14) chromosomal translocation which must take place at a time of spatial proximity between the translocation partners. The two partner genes, MYC and IGH, were found colocalized only very rarely in the nuclei of normal peripheral blood B-cells examined using 3D-FISH while circulating B-cells from HIV-infected individuals whose exhibited consistently elevated levels of MYC-IGH colocalization. In vitro, incubating normal B-cells from healthy donors with a transcriptionally active form of the HIV-encoded Tat protein rapidly activated transcription of the nuclease-encoding RAG1 gene. This created DNA damage, including in the MYC gene locus which then moved towards the center of the nucleus where it sustainably colocalized with IGH up to 10-fold more frequently than in controls. In vivo, this could be sufficient to account for the elevated risk of BL-specific chromosomal translocations which would occur following DNA double strand breaks triggered by AID in secondary lymph nodes at the final stage of immunoglobulin gene maturation. New therapeutic attitudes can be envisioned to prevent BL in this high risk group.
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27
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Rimar KJ, Tran PT, Matulewicz RS, Hussain M, Meeks JJ. The emerging role of homologous recombination repair and PARP inhibitors in genitourinary malignancies. Cancer 2017; 123:1912-1924. [PMID: 28323334 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As cells age and are exposed to genotoxic stress, preservation of the genomic code requires multiple DNA repair pathways to remove single-strand or double-strand breaks. Loss of function somatic genomic aberrations or germline deficiency in genes involved in DNA repair can result in acute cell death or, after a latency period, cellular transformation. Therapeutic exploitation of DNA repair by inhibition of poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]) ribose polymerases (PARP), a family of enzymes involved in the repair of single-strand and in some cases double-strand breaks, has become a novel cancer treatment. Although the application of PARP inhibitors (PARPis) initially focused on tumors with BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiencies, synthetic susceptibilities to PARPis have been expanded due to the identification of tumors with mutations pathways involved in DNA damage repair, in particular those that repair double-strand breaks using homologous recombination (HR). There is an increasing appreciation that genitourinary (GU) malignancies, including bladder cancer and especially prostate cancer, contain subsets of patients with germline and somatic alterations in HR genes that may reflect an increased response to PARPis. In this review, the authors describe the mechanisms and rationale of the use of PARPis in patients with GU cancers, summarize previously reported preclinical and clinical trials, and identify ongoing trials to determine how PARPis and strategies targeted at HR repair can have widespread application in patients with GU cancers. Cancer 2017;123:1912-1924. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalen J Rimar
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard S Matulewicz
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maha Hussain
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua J Meeks
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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28
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Germini D, Bou Saada Y, Tsfasman T, Osina K, Robin C, Lomov N, Rubtsov M, Sjakste N, Lipinski M, Vassetzky Y. A One-Step PCR-Based Assay to Evaluate the Efficiency and Precision of Genomic DNA-Editing Tools. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 5:43-50. [PMID: 28480303 PMCID: PMC5415314 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite rapid progress, many problems and limitations persist and limit the applicability of gene-editing techniques. Making use of meganucleases, TALENs, or CRISPR/Cas9-based tools requires an initial step of pre-screening to determine the efficiency and specificity of the designed tools. This step remains time consuming and material consuming. Here we propose a simple, cheap, reliable, time-saving, and highly sensitive method to evaluate a given gene-editing tool based on its capacity to induce chromosomal translocations when combined with a reference engineered nuclease. In the proposed technique, designated engineered nuclease-induced translocations (ENIT), a plasmid coding for the DNA-editing tool to be tested is co-transfected into carefully chosen target cells along with that for an engineered nuclease of known specificity and efficiency. If the new enzyme efficiently cuts within the desired region, then specific chromosomal translocations will be generated between the two targeted genomic regions and be readily detectable by a one-step PCR or qPCR assay. The PCR product thus obtained can be directly sequenced, thereby determining the exact position of the double-strand breaks induced by the gene-editing tools. As a proof of concept, ENIT was successfully tested in different cell types and with different meganucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9-based editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Germini
- UMR8126, Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066, French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France.,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology, and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Yara Bou Saada
- UMR8126, Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066, French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Tatiana Tsfasman
- UMR8126, Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066, French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Kristina Osina
- UMR8126, Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.,University of Latvia, 1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Chloé Robin
- UMR8126, Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Nikolay Lomov
- UMR8126, Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066, French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France.,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail Rubtsov
- LIA 1066, French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France.,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry and Strategic Management Department, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | | | - Mar Lipinski
- UMR8126, Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066, French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Yegor Vassetzky
- UMR8126, Université Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.,LIA 1066, French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France.,M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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29
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Saada YB, Dib C, Lipinski M, Vassetzky YS. Genome- and Cell-Based Strategies in Therapy of Muscular Dystrophies. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:678-90. [PMID: 27449614 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791607004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass. Depending on the muscular dystrophy, the muscle weakness varies in degree of severity. The majority of myopathies are due to genetic events leading to a loss of function of key genes involved in muscle function. Although there is until now no curative treatment to stop the progression of most myopathies, a significant number of experimental gene- and cell-based strategies and approaches have been and are being tested in vitro and in animal models, aiming to restore gene function. Genome editing using programmable endonucleases is a powerful tool for modifying target genome sequences and has been extensively used over the last decade to correct in vitro genetic defects of many single-gene diseases. By inducing double-strand breaks (DSBs), the engineered endonucleases specifically target chosen sequences. These DSBs are spontaneously repaired either by homologous recombination in the presence of a sequence template, or by nonhomologous-end joining error prone repair. In this review, we highlight recent developments and challenges for genome-editing based strategies that hold great promise for muscular dystrophies and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bou Saada
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France.
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30
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Nelson KN, Peiris MN, Meyer AN, Siari A, Donoghue DJ. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Translocation Partners in Hematopoietic Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2016; 23:59-79. [PMID: 27988109 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activate various signaling pathways and regulate cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis. Malignant neoplasms often circumvent or subjugate these pathways by promoting RTK overactivation through mutation or chromosomal translocation. RTK translocations create a fusion protein containing a dimerizing partner fused to an RTK kinase domain, resulting in constitutive kinase domain activation, altered RTK cellular localization, upregulation of downstream signaling, and novel pathway activation. While RTK translocations in hematological malignancies are relatively rare, clinical evidence suggests that patients with these genetic abnormalities benefit from RTK-targeted inhibitors. Here, we present a timely review of an exciting field by examining RTK chromosomal translocations in hematological cancers, such as Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK), Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR), REarranged during Transfection (RET), Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R), and Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Type 3 (NTRK3) fusions, and discuss current therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn N Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Malalage N Peiris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - April N Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Asma Siari
- Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel J Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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31
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Stratigi K, Chatzidoukaki O, Garinis GA. DNA damage-induced inflammation and nuclear architecture. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 165:17-26. [PMID: 27702596 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear architecture and the chromatin state affect most-if not all- DNA-dependent transactions, including the ability of cells to sense DNA lesions and restore damaged DNA back to its native form. Recent evidence points to functional links between DNA damage sensors, DNA repair mechanisms and the innate immune responses. The latter raises the question of how such seemingly disparate processes operate within the intrinsically complex nuclear landscape and the chromatin environment. Here, we discuss how DNA damage-induced immune responses operate within chromatin and the distinct sub-nuclear compartments highlighting their relevance to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Stratigi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ourania Chatzidoukaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George A Garinis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, GR71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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32
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Collins JK, Jones KT. DNA damage responses in mammalian oocytes. Reproduction 2016; 152:R15-22. [PMID: 27069010 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage acquired during meiosis can lead to infertility and miscarriage. Hence, it should be important for an oocyte to be able to detect and respond to such events in order to make a healthy egg. Here, the strategies taken by oocytes during their stages of growth to respond to DNA damaging events are reviewed. In particular, recent evidence of a novel pathway in fully grown oocytes helps prevent the formation of mature eggs with DNA damage. It has been found that fully grown germinal vesicle stage oocytes that have been DNA damaged do not arrest at this point in meiosis, but instead undergo meiotic resumption and stall during the first meiotic division. The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint, which is a well-known mitotic pathway employed by somatic cells to monitor chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules, appears to be utilised by oocytes also to respond to DNA damage. As such maturing oocytes are arrested at metaphase I due to an active Spindle Assembly Checkpoint. This is surprising given this checkpoint has been previously studied in oocytes and considered to be weak and ineffectual because of its poor ability to be activated in response to microtubule attachment errors. Therefore, the involvement of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint in DNA damage responses of mature oocytes during meiosis I uncovers a novel second function for this ubiquitous cellular checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie K Collins
- Centre for Biological SciencesFaculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ;
| | - Keith T Jones
- Centre for Biological SciencesFaculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ;
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33
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Sklyar I, Iarovaia OV, Gavrilov AA, Pichugin A, Germini D, Tsfasman T, Caron G, Fest T, Lipinski M, Razin SV, Vassetzky YS. Distinct Patterns of Colocalization of theCCND1andCMYCGenes With Their Potential Translocation PartnerIGHat Successive Stages of B-Cell Differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1506-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Sklyar
- UMR8126, CNRS; Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
- LIA1066; Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie; Villejuif France
- Institute of Gene Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Olga V. Iarovaia
- UMR8126, CNRS; Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
- LIA1066; Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie; Villejuif France
- Institute of Gene Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Alexey A. Gavrilov
- LIA1066; Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie; Villejuif France
- Institute of Gene Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
| | - Andrey Pichugin
- UMR8126, CNRS; Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
- LIA1066; Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie; Villejuif France
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Diego Germini
- UMR8126, CNRS; Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
- LIA1066; Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie; Villejuif France
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Tatiana Tsfasman
- UMR8126, CNRS; Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
- LIA1066; Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie; Villejuif France
| | | | - Thierry Fest
- INSERM U917; Université de Rennes; Rennes France
| | - Marc Lipinski
- UMR8126, CNRS; Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
- LIA1066; Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie; Villejuif France
| | - Sergey V. Razin
- LIA1066; Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie; Villejuif France
- Institute of Gene Biology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Biology; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119992 Moscow Russia
| | - Yegor S. Vassetzky
- UMR8126, CNRS; Université Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
- LIA1066; Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie; Villejuif France
- Faculty of Biology; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; 119992 Moscow Russia
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Bou Saada Y, Dib C, Dmitriev P, Hamade A, Carnac G, Laoudj-Chenivesse D, Lipinski M, Vassetzky YS. Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy myoblasts efficiently repair moderate levels of oxidative DNA damage. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 145:475-83. [PMID: 26860865 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is a progressive muscular dystrophy linked to a deletion of a subset of D4Z4 macrosatellite repeats accompanied by a chromatin relaxation of the D4Z4 array on chromosome 4q. In vitro, FSHD primary myoblasts show altered expression of oxidative-related genes and are more susceptible to oxidative stress. Double homeobox 4 (DUX4) gene, encoded within each D4Z4 unit, is normally transcriptionally silenced but is found aberrantly expressed in skeletal muscles of FSHD patients. Its expression leads to a deregulation of DUX4 target genes including those implicated in redox balance. Here, we assessed DNA repair efficiency of oxidative DNA damage in FSHD myoblasts and DUX4-transfected myoblasts. We have shown that the DNA repair activity is altered neither in FSHD myoblasts nor in immortalized human myoblasts transiently expressing DUX4. DNA damage caused by moderate doses of an oxidant is efficiently repaired while FSHD myoblasts exposed for 24 h to high levels of oxidative stress accumulated more DNA damage than normal myoblasts, suggesting that FSHD myoblasts remain more vulnerable to oxidative stress at high doses of oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Bou Saada
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Carla Dib
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Petr Dmitriev
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Aline Hamade
- ER030-EDST, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gilles Carnac
- INSERM U-1046, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marc Lipinski
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Yegor S Vassetzky
- UMR 8126, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave-Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France. .,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, 117334, Russia.
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35
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Rodgers K, McVey M. Error-Prone Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:15-24. [PMID: 26033759 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preserving the integrity of the DNA double helix is crucial for the maintenance of genomic stability. Therefore, DNA double-strand breaks represent a serious threat to cells. In this review, we describe the two major strategies used to repair double strand breaks: non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination, emphasizing the mutagenic aspects of each. We focus on emerging evidence that homologous recombination, long thought to be an error-free repair process, can in fact be highly mutagenic, particularly in contexts requiring large amounts of DNA synthesis. Recent investigations have begun to illuminate the molecular mechanisms by which error-prone double-strand break repair can create major genomic changes, such as translocations and complex chromosome rearrangements. We highlight these studies and discuss proposed models that may explain some of the more extreme genetic changes observed in human cancers and congenital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Rodgers
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Mitch McVey
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
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36
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Sklyar IV, Pichugin AM, Razin SV, Vassetzky ES, Iarovaia OV. Nuclear localization of translocation partners in differentiating B-cells. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2015; 464:312-4. [PMID: 26518556 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672915050129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We studied the nuclear localization and relative position in the nuclear space of malignant translocation partner genes c-Myc, CCND1, and IGH locus in naive and differentiating B cells. We have shown that, during B-cell maturation, c-Myc and IGH loci become closer to each other. In differentiating lymphocytes, those alleles of c-Myc and IGH that are in close spatial proximity to each other are closer to the nucleolus. For the CCND1 locus, no correlation between the proximity of loci and nuclear localization was found. These data suggest that the close spatial proximity of c-Myc and IGH loci during B-cell maturation increase the probability of malignant translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Sklyar
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, Villejuif, France.,Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie (LIA1066), Paris, France
| | - A M Pichugin
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, Villejuif, France.,Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie (LIA1066), Paris, France.,St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, ul. Politekhnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg, 195521, Russia
| | - S V Razin
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia. .,Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - E S Vassetzky
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, Villejuif, France
| | - O V Iarovaia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.,Laboratoire Franco-Russe de Recherche en Oncologie (LIA1066), Paris, France
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37
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Nicot C. HTLV-I Tax-Mediated Inactivation of Cell Cycle Checkpoints and DNA Repair Pathways Contribute to Cellular Transformation: "A Random Mutagenesis Model". ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2. [PMID: 26835512 DOI: 10.13188/2377-9292.1000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To achieve cellular transformation, most oncogenic retroviruses use transduction by proto-oncogene capture or insertional mutagenesis, whereby provirus integration disrupts expression of tumor suppressors or proto-oncogenes. In contrast, the Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-I) has been classified in a separate class referred to as "transactivating retroviruses". Current views suggest that the viral encoded Tax protein transactivates expression of cellular genes leading to deregulated growth and transformation. However, if Tax-mediated transactivation was indeed sufficient for cellular transformation, a fairly high frequency of infected cells would eventually become transformed. In contrast, the frequency of transformation by HTLV-I is very low, likely less than 5%. This review will discuss the current understanding and recent discoveries highlighting critical functions of Tax in cellular transformation. HTLV-I Tax carries out essential functions in order to override cell cycle checkpoints and deregulate cellular division. In addition, Tax expression is associated with increased DNA damage and genome instability. Since Tax can inhibit multiple DNA repair pathways and stimulate unfaithful DNA repair or bypass checkpoints, these processes allow accumulation of genetic mutations in the host genome. Given this, a "Random Mutagenesis" transformation model seems more suitable to characterize the oncogenic activities of HTLV-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Nicot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Viral Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, USA
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