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Bannwart F, Richter LF, Stifel S, Rueter J, Lode HN, Correia JDG, Kühn FE, Prokop A. A New Class of Gold(I) NHC Complexes with Proapoptotic and Resensitizing Properties towards Multidrug Resistant Leukemia Cells Overexpressing BCL-2. J Med Chem 2024; 67:15494-15508. [PMID: 39196554 PMCID: PMC11403678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
From previous studies, it is evident that metal-organic gold(I) complexes have antiproliferative activities. The aim of this study is not only to find new anticancer agents but also to overcome existing cytostatic resistance in cancer cells. The synthesis and medicinal evaluation of two cationic 1,3-disubstituted gold(I) bis-tetrazolylidene complexes 1 and 2 are reported. To determine apoptosis-inducing properties of the complexes, DNA fragmentation was measured using propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry. Gold(I) complex 1 targets explicitly malignant cells, effectively inhibiting their growth and selectively inducing apoptosis without signs of necrosis. Even in cells resistant to common treatments such as doxorubicin, it overcomes multidrug resistance and sensitizes existing drug-resistant cells to common cytostatic drugs. It is assumed that gold(I) complex 1 involves the mitochondrial pathway in apoptosis and targets members of the BCL-2 family, enhancing its potential as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Bannwart
- Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Kliniken Schwerin, Wismarsche Str. 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Leon F Richter
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Simon Stifel
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Johanna Rueter
- Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Kliniken Schwerin, Wismarsche Str. 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Holger N Lode
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela, Lisbon, LRS 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Kliniken Schwerin, Wismarsche Str. 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
- Experimental Oncology, Municipal Hospitals of Cologne, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109 Cologne, Germany
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Alfadul SM, Matnurov EM, Varakutin AE, Babak MV. Metal-Based Anticancer Complexes and p53: How Much Do We Know? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2834. [PMID: 37345171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
P53 plays a key role in protecting the human genome from DNA-related mutations; however, it is one of the most frequently mutated genes in cancer. The P53 family members p63 and p73 were also shown to play important roles in cancer development and progression. Currently, there are various organic molecules from different structural classes of compounds that could reactivate the function of wild-type p53, degrade or inhibit mutant p53, etc. It was shown that: (1) the function of the wild-type p53 protein was dependent on the presence of Zn atoms, and (2) Zn supplementation restored the altered conformation of the mutant p53 protein. This prompted us to question whether the dependence of p53 on Zn and other metals might be used as a cancer vulnerability. This review article focuses on the role of different metals in the structure and function of p53, as well as discusses the effects of metal complexes based on Zn, Cu, Fe, Ru, Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ir, V, Mo, Bi and Sn on the p53 protein and p53-associated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Mutasim Alfadul
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Egor M Matnurov
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Alexander E Varakutin
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Maria V Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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3
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Sahu P, Jena AB, Barik S, Kisan HK, Isab AA, Dandapat J, Dinda J. Gold(III) assisted C-N bond dissociation; Synthesis, structure, photoluminescence, and pharmacokinetic studies of 1,10/- phenanthroline-gold(III)-N-heterocyclic carbene. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Massai L, Messori L, Carpentieri A, Amoresano A, Melchiorre C, Fiaschi T, Modesti A, Gamberi T, Magherini F. The effects of two gold-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes in ovarian cancer cells: a redox proteomic study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:809-823. [PMID: 35543764 PMCID: PMC9135895 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Standard treatment consists of tumor debulking surgery followed by platinum and paclitaxel chemotherapy; yet, despite the initial response, about 70-75% of patients develop resistance to chemotherapy. Gold compounds represent a family of very promising anticancer drugs. Among them, we previously investigated the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic properties of Au(NHC) and Au(NHC)2PF6, i.e., a monocarbene gold(I) complex and the corresponding bis(carbene) complex. Gold compounds are known to alter the redox state of cells interacting with free cysteine and selenocysteine residues of several proteins. Herein, a redox proteomic study has been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms of cytotoxicity in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. METHODS A biotinylated iodoacetamide labeling method coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify oxidation-sensitive protein cysteines. RESULTS Gold carbene complexes cause extensive oxidation of several cellular proteins; many affected proteins belong to two major functional classes: carbohydrate metabolism, and cytoskeleton organization/cell adhesion. Among the affected proteins, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition was proved by enzymatic assays and by ESI-MS studies. We also found that Au(NHC)2PF6 inhibits mitochondrial respiration impairing complex I function. Concerning the oxidized cytoskeletal proteins, gold binding to the free cysteines of actin was demonstrated by ESI-MS analysis. Notably, both gold compounds affected cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we deepened the mode of action of Au(NHC) and Au(NHC)2PF6, identifying common cellular targets but confirming their different influence on the mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Massai
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Carpentieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Melchiorre
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Mario Serio" University of Florence Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Mario Serio" University of Florence Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Mario Serio" University of Florence Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesca Magherini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Mario Serio" University of Florence Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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6
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Reinhard GL, Jayaraman S, Prybil JW, Arambula JF, Arumugam K. Detailed structural and spectroscopic elucidation of ferrocenium coupled N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1533-1541. [PMID: 34989720 PMCID: PMC9069980 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Unambiguous assignment of redox sites on ferrocene coupled N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes [(Fc-NHC)2Au(I)]+ is critical to gain a greater mechanistic understanding of their activity in a cellular environment. Such information can be garnered with isolation and detailed characterization of the oxidized version of [(Fc-NHC)2Au(I)]+. Herein we disclose a study that unambiguously illustrates redox events pertaining to [(Fc-NHC)2Au(I)]+ that stem exclusively from ferrocene sites. This work also describes novel synthetic methodologies for isolating ferrocenium coupled N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett L Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | | | - Joshua W Prybil
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan F Arambula
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Goel N, Gajbhiye RL, Saha M, Nagendra C, Reddy AM, Ravichandiran V, Das Saha K, Jaisankar P. A comparative assessment of in vitro cytotoxic activity and phytochemical profiling of Andrographis nallamalayana J.L.Ellis and Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS approach. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35918-35936. [PMID: 35492784 PMCID: PMC9043227 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07496b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees and Andrographis nallamalayana J.L.Ellis have traditionally been used to treat various ailments such as mouth ulcers, intermittent fever, inflammation, snake bite. This study compares the comparative in vitro cytotoxic activity, and phytochemical profiling of methanol extract of A. nallamalayana (ANM) and A. paniculata (APM). UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis has been performed. The cytotoxic activity of crude methanol extracts were evaluated against three different cancer cell lines (HCT 116, HepG2, and A549 cell line). Both plants' extract exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against tested cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 of ANM and APM in HCT 116 cell was 11.71 ± 2.48 μg ml-1 and 45.32 ± 0.86 μg ml-1 and in HepG2 cell line was 15.65 ± 2.25 μg ml-1 and 60.32 ± 1.05 μg ml-1 respectively. Cytotoxicity of these two extracts was comparatively similar in A549 cells. ANM induced cytotoxicity involved programmed cell death, externalisation of phosphatidylserine, ROS generation, up-regulation and down-regulation of major apoptotic markers. HRMS analysis of ANM and APM resulted in the identification of 59 and 42 compounds, respectively. Further, using the MS/MS fragmentation approach, 20 compounds, of which 18 compounds were identified for the first time from ANM, which belongs to phenolic acids, flavonoids, and their glycosides. Three known compounds, echioidinin, skullcapflavone I and 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone 2'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, were isolated from A. nallamalayana and their crystal structures were reported for the first time. Subsequently, seven major compounds were identified in A. nallamalayana by direct comparison (retention time and UV-spectra) with authentic commercial standards and isolated compounds using HPLC-UV analysis. The cytotoxicity of phytochemicals from both the plants using in silico tools also justify their in vitro cytotoxic activity. It is the first report on the comparative characterisation of phytochemicals present in the methanolic extract of both the species of Andrographis, along with the cytotoxic activity of A. nallamalayana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Goel
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Kolkata) Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road 700054 Kolkata India
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata-700032 India +91-33-24995-790/774
| | - Rahul L Gajbhiye
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Kolkata) Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road 700054 Kolkata India
| | - Moumita Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 India
| | - Chennuru Nagendra
- Department of Botany, Yogi Vemana University Vemanapuram Kadapa Andhra Pradesh 516005 India
| | | | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Kolkata) Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road 700054 Kolkata India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata-700032 India
| | - Parasuraman Jaisankar
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata-700032 India +91-33-24995-790/774
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8
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Liu X, Li H, Cong X, Huo D, Cong L, Wu G. α-MSH-PE38KDEL Kills Melanoma Cells via Modulating Erk1/2/MITF/TYR Signaling in an MC1R-Dependent Manner. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12457-12469. [PMID: 33299329 PMCID: PMC7721307 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s268554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective The immunotoxin α-MSH-PE38KDEL consisting of α-MSH and PE38KDEL showed high cytotoxicity on MSH receptor-positive melanoma cells, suggesting that α-MSH-PE38KDEL might be a potent drug for the treatment of melanoma. Herein, we explored whether the Erk1/2/MITF/TYR signaling, a verified target of α-MSH/MC1R, was involved in α-MSH-PE38KDEL-mediated cytotoxicity. Methods Human melanoma cell line A375, mouse melanoma cell line B16-F10, human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and human primary epidermal melanocytes (HEMa) with different expression levels of MC1R were used in this study. Cell apoptosis and viability were determined by using flow cytometry and MTT assays. Protein expressions were tested by Western blotting. Results The expression levels of MC1R in A375 and B16-F10 cells were significantly higher than that of MDA-MB-231 and HEMa. α-MSH-PE38KDEL treatment induced a significant inhibition in cell viability in A375 and B16-F10 cells, while showed no obvious influence in the viability of MDA-MB-231 and HEMa cells. However, knockdown of MC1R abolished α-MSH-PE38KDEL role in promoting cell apoptosis in A375 and B16-F10 cells, and upregulation of MC1R endowed α-MSH-PE38KDEL function to promote cell apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and HEMa cells. Additionally, α-MSH-PE38KDEL treatment increased the phosphorylation levels of Erk1/2 and MITF (S73), and decreased MITF and TYR expressions in an MC1R-dependent manner. All of the treatments, including inhibition of Erk1/2 with PD98059, MC1R downregulation and MITF overexpression weakened the anti-tumor role of α-MSH-PE38KDEL in melanoma. Conclusion Collectively, this study indicates that α-MSH-PE38KDEL promotes melanoma cell apoptosis via modulating Erk1/2/MITF/TYR signaling in an MC1R-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Emergency Medical Department, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianling Cong
- Tissue Bank, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Huo
- Department of Hand Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Cong
- Department of Dermatology, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi Wu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130033, People's Republic of China
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Guarra F, Terenzi A, Pirker C, Passannante R, Baier D, Zangrando E, Gómez‐Vallejo V, Biver T, Gabbiani C, Berger W, Llop J, Salassa L. 124 I Radiolabeling of a Au III -NHC Complex for In Vivo Biodistribution Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17130-17136. [PMID: 32633820 PMCID: PMC7540067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
AuIII complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have shown remarkable potential as anticancer agents, yet their fate in vivo has not been thoroughly examined and understood. Reported herein is the synthesis of new AuIII -NHC complexes by direct oxidation with radioactive [124 I]I2 as a valuable strategy to monitor the in vivo biodistribution of this class of compounds using positron emission tomography (PET). While in vitro analyses provide direct evidence for the importance of AuIII -to-AuI reduction to achieve full anticancer activity, in vivo studies reveal that a fraction of the AuIII -NHC prodrug is not immediately reduced after administration but able to reach the major organs before metabolic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Guarra
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of PisaVia G. Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Donostia International Physics CenterPaseo M. Lardizabal 420018DonostiaSpain
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of PalermoViale delle Scienze, Ed. 1790128PalermoItaly
| | - Christine Pirker
- Department of Medicine IInstitute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University ViennaBorschkegasse 8a1090ViennaAustria
| | - Rossana Passannante
- CIC biomaGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Paseo de Miramón 18220014DonostiaSpain
| | - Dina Baier
- Department of Medicine IInstitute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University ViennaBorschkegasse 8a1090ViennaAustria
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry University of ViennaWaehringerstrasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Triestevia Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly
| | - Vanessa Gómez‐Vallejo
- CIC biomaGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Paseo de Miramón 18220014DonostiaSpain
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of PisaVia G. Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Pisavia Bonanno 656126PisaItaly
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of PisaVia G. Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine IInstitute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University ViennaBorschkegasse 8a1090ViennaAustria
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNEBasque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)Paseo de Miramón 18220014DonostiaSpain
| | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics CenterPaseo M. Lardizabal 420018DonostiaSpain
- Kimika FakultateaEuskal Herriko UnibertsitateaUPV/EHU20080DonostiaSpain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for Science48013BilbaoSpain
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Guarra F, Terenzi A, Pirker C, Passannante R, Baier D, Zangrando E, Gómez‐Vallejo V, Biver T, Gabbiani C, Berger W, Llop J, Salassa L. 124
I Radiolabeling of a Au
III
‐NHC Complex for In Vivo Biodistribution Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Guarra
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Donostia International Physics Center Paseo M. Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia Spain
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Christine Pirker
- Department of Medicine I Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Rossana Passannante
- CIC biomaGUNE Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 182 20014 Donostia Spain
| | - Dina Baier
- Department of Medicine I Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna Waehringerstrasse 42 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Trieste via Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Vanessa Gómez‐Vallejo
- CIC biomaGUNE Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 182 20014 Donostia Spain
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
- Department of Pharmacy University of Pisa via Bonanno 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine I Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 182 20014 Donostia Spain
| | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics Center Paseo M. Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU 20080 Donostia Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science 48013 Bilbao Spain
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Jhulki L, Purkait R, Kisan H, Bertolasi V, Isab A, Sinha C, Dinda J. A promising class of luminescent derivatives of Silver(I) and Gold(I)‐
N
‐heterocyclic carbene. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lalmohan Jhulki
- Department of Applied Science Haldia Institute of Technology Haldia West Bengal 721657 India
| | - Rakesh Purkait
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - HemantaK. Kisan
- Department of Chemistry Utkal University Vani Vihar Bhubaneswar Odisha 751004 India
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Centro di Strutturistica Diffrattometrica Universita' di Ferrara Via L.Borsari, 46 Italy
| | - AnvarhuseinA. Isab
- Department of Chemistry King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chittaranjan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University Kolkata West Bengal 700032 India
| | - Joydev Dinda
- Department of Chemistry Utkal University Vani Vihar Bhubaneswar Odisha 751004 India
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12
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Iacopetta D, Rosano C, Sirignano M, Mariconda A, Ceramella J, Ponassi M, Saturnino C, Sinicropi MS, Longo P. Is the Way to Fight Cancer Paved with Gold? Metal-Based Carbene Complexes with Multiple and Fascinating Biological Features. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13050091. [PMID: 32403274 PMCID: PMC7281280 DOI: 10.3390/ph13050091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and the multiple anti-tumor properties of new gold and silver carbene complexes. The chemical modifications, grounded on our previous studies, led us to identify a good lead complex, gold-based, whose biological features are very exciting and promising in the anti-cancer research and could be further developed. Indeed, the bis-[4,5-dichloro-(N-methyl-N’(2-hydroxy-2-phenyl)ethyl-imidazole-2-ylidene)gold(I)]+[dichloro-gold]− (AuL7) complex possesses the ability to interfere with at least three important and different intracellular targets, namely the human topoisomerases I and II and tubulin, which are able to modulate metabolic processes not directly correlated each other. We proved that the modifications of the ligands structure in AuL7, with respect to another already published complex, i.e., bis-[4,5-dichloro-(N-methyl-N’(cyclopentane-2ol)-imidazole-2-ylidine)gold(I)]+[dichloro-gold]− (AuL4), produce a different behavior toward tubulin-polymerization process, since AuL7 is a tubulin-polymerization inhibitor and AuL4 a stabilizer, with the final same result of hampering the tumor growth. Taken together, our outcomes designate AuL7 as a promising compound for the development of multi-targeted anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Biopolymers and Proteomics IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino–IST, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Sirignano
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Annaluisa Mariconda
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.C.); Tel.: +39-0971-202194 (A.M.); +39-0984-493200 (J.C.)
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (M.S.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (J.C.); Tel.: +39-0971-202194 (A.M.); +39-0984-493200 (J.C.)
| | - Marco Ponassi
- Biopolymers and Proteomics IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino–IST, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.S.); (P.L.)
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13
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Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity in vitro evaluation of novel dicyanoaurate (I)-based complexes. Life Sci 2020; 251:117635. [PMID: 32272179 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular structures containing gold, such as auranofin, have been extensively studied in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, including cancer treatment. The pharmacological properties of the newly synthesized unique gold-ligand structures have been reported for different cancer cell lines. However, findings on bishydeten-metal salt complexes with gold are rare. In this work, the synthesis of five novel cyanide-bridged coordination compounds having the closed formulae [Ni(bishydeten)][Au(CN)2]2 (1), [Cu(bishydeten)][Au(CN)2]2 (2), [Zn(bishydeten)2Au3(CN)4][Au2(CN)3] (3), [Cd(bishydeten)0,5]2[Au(CN)2]4.2H2O (4), and [Cd(bishydeten)2][Au(CN)2]2 (5) (where bisyhdeten = N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine), and their characterization by elemental, infrared, ESI-MS, X-ray (for 2) and thermic measurement methods were performed. Complexes 1 and 3 are thermally more stable than the other three complexes. For these, pharmacological adequacies were also tested. The nucleic acid and protein binding affinities of the Au (I) compounds were also estimated by spectroscopic and electrophoretic techniques. Au (I) complexes were identified as strong chemotherapeutic with mild cytotoxicity, and they demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition on the growth of cancer cells with IC50 at 0.11 to 0.47 μM. Investigation of mechanisms of action on cells revealed that Au (I) compounds managed to inhibit cell migration and led to a decrease in cytoskeletal proteins such as CK7 and CK20. However, Au (I) compounds failed to inhibit DNA topoisomerase I. Overall, and we suggest that potent antiproliferative activity, mild cytotoxicity, good solubility, and micromolar dosage of Au (I) compounds containing bisyhdeten-metal derivatives render them the potential focus of further studies as chemotherapeutic agents.
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14
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Synthesis, crystal structure, TD/DFT calculations and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1-(4-((Benzo)dioxol-5-ylmethyleneamino)phenyl)ethanone oxime. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Dabiri Y, Abu El Maaty MA, Chan HY, Wölker J, Ott I, Wölfl S, Cheng X. p53-Dependent Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of a Gold(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complex in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:438. [PMID: 31231607 PMCID: PMC6558413 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 has a diverse mutational profile in human malignancies, which is known to influence the potency of various chemotherapeutics, such as platins and anti-metabolites. However, the impact of the mutations in the TP53 gene (coding for p53) on the anti-cancer efficacy of gold complexes remains incompletely understood. We therefore investigated the anti-tumor properties of a gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex-termed MC3-in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines encompassing three different p53 variations: HCT116 wild-type (WT), HCT116 p53-/-, and HT-29 (mutant; R273H). MC3 treatment induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and p21 expression, leading to cell cycle arrest in all cell lines, regardless of their p53 status. The pro-apoptotic response, however, was found to occur in a p53-dependent manner, with WT p53 harboring cells showing the highest responsiveness. Additionally, p73, which was speculated to substitute p53 in p53-deficient cells, was found to be markedly reduced with MC3 treatment in all the cell lines and knocking down its levels did not impact MC3's anti-tumor effects in HCT116 p53-/- cells. Collectively, our results suggest that this small molecule has anti-cancer properties in the context of deficient or mutant p53 and may therefore have chemotherapeutic potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Dabiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Abu El Maaty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hoi Yin Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Wölker
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xinlai Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Karadağ A, Aydin A, Tekin Ş, Akbaş H, Dede S. Pharmacological properties of dicyanidoaurate(I)-based complexes: characterization and single crystal X-ray analysis. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1583333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Karadağ
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydin
- Ministry of Health, Tuzla State Hospital, Central Laboratory, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Şaban Tekin
- TÜBİTAK MRC Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Institute, Gebze, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Biology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Akbaş
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Süreyya Dede
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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17
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Abstract
Background:
Since the serendipitous discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin
there has been a continuous surge in studies aimed at the development of new cytotoxic
metal complexes. While the majority of these complexes have been designed to interact with
nuclear DNA, other targets for anticancer metallodrugs attract increasing interest. In cancer
cells the mitochondrial metabolism is deregulated. Impaired apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth
signals and unlimited proliferation have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It
is therefore not surprising that mitochondria have emerged as a major target for cancer therapy.
Mitochondria-targeting agents are able to bypass resistance mechanisms and to (re-) activate
cell-death programs.
Methods:
Web-based literature searching tools such as SciFinder were used to search for reports
on cytotoxic metal complexes that are taken up by the mitochondria and interact with
mitochondrial DNA or mitochondrial proteins, disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential,
facilitate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization or activate mitochondria-dependent celldeath
signaling by unbalancing the cellular redox state. Included in the search were publications
investigating strategies to selectively accumulate metallodrugs in the mitochondria.
Results:
This review includes 241 references on antimitochondrial metal complexes, the use
of mitochondria-targeting carrier ligands and the formation of lipophilic cationic complexes.
Conclusion:
Recent developments in the design, cytotoxic potency, and mechanistic understanding
of antimitochondrial metal complexes, in particular of cyclometalated Au, Ru, Ir and
Pt complexes, Ru polypyridine complexes and Au-N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine
complexes are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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18
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Sulaiman AAA, Kalia N, Bhatia G, Kaur M, Fettouhi M, Altaf M, Baig N, Kawde AN, Isab AA. Cytotoxic effects of gold(i) complexes against colon, cervical and osteo carcinoma cell lines: a mechanistic approach. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble gold(i) complexes, [Au(Ipr)(L)]PF6where L = thiourea (Tu)1andN,N′-dimethylthiourea (Me2Tu)2, were synthesized from the parent 1,3-bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidenechloridogold(i) [(Ipr)AuCl] (0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. A. Sulaiman
- Lab Technical Support Office (LTSO)
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Namarta Kalia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Gaurav Bhatia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar
- India
| | - Mohammed Fettouhi
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nadeem Baig
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Nasser Kawde
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
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19
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Dabiri Y, Schmid A, Theobald J, Blagojevic B, Streciwilk W, Ott I, Wölfl S, Cheng X. A Ruthenium(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complex with Naphthalimide Ligand Triggers Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Activating the ROS-p38 MAPK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123964. [PMID: 30544880 PMCID: PMC6320930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 MAPK pathway is known to influence the anti-tumor effects of several chemotherapeutics, including that of organometallic drugs. Previous studies have demonstrated the important role of p38 both as a regulator and a sensor of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Investigating the anti-cancer properties of novel 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives containing Rh(I) and Ru(II) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, we observed a profound induction of ROS by the complexes, which is most likely generated from mitochondria (mtROS). Further analyses revealed a rapid and consistent activation of p38 signaling by the naphthalimide-NHC conjugates, with the Ru(II) analogue—termed MC6—showing the strongest effect. In view of this, genetic as well as pharmacological inhibition of p38α, attenuated the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of MC6 in HCT116 colon cancer cells, highlighting the involvement of this signaling molecule in the compound’s toxicity. Furthermore, the influence of MC6 on p38 signaling appeared to be dependent on ROS levels as treatment with general- and mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidants abrogated p38 activation in response to MC6 as well as the molecule’s cytotoxic- and apoptogenic response in HCT116 cells. Altogether, our results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of naphthalimide-metal NHC analogues via the ROS-induced activation of p38 MAPK, which may have therapeutic interest for the treatment of various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Dabiri
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alice Schmid
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jannick Theobald
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Biljana Blagojevic
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Wojciech Streciwilk
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Xinlai Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Mondal A, Tripathy RK, Dutta P, Santra MK, Isab AA, Bielawski CW, Kisan HK, Chandra SK, Dinda J. Ru(II)-based antineoplastic: A “wingtip” N-heterocyclic carbene facilitates access to a new class of organometallics that are cytotoxic to common cancer cell lines. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ambarish Mondal
- Department of Chemistry; Utkal University; Vani Bihar Bhubaneswar 751004 Odisha India
| | - Rajat K. Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry; Utkal University; Vani Bihar Bhubaneswar 751004 Odisha India
| | - Parul Dutta
- National Centre for Cell Science; Pune 411007 Maharastra India
| | | | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of Chemistry; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals; Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM); Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST); Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering; Ulsan National Institute of Science and technology (UNIST); Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Hemanta K. Kisan
- Department of Chemistry; Utkal University; Vani Bihar Bhubaneswar 751004 Odisha India
| | - Swapan K. Chandra
- Department of Chemistry; Visva Bharati University; Santiniketan 731235 West Bengal India
| | - Joydev Dinda
- Department of Chemistry; Utkal University; Vani Bihar Bhubaneswar 751004 Odisha India
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21
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Banerji B, Chandrasekhar K, Sreenath K, Roy S, Nag S, Saha KD. Synthesis of Triazole-Substituted Quinazoline Hybrids for Anticancer Activity and a Lead Compound as the EGFR Blocker and ROS Inducer Agent. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16134-16142. [PMID: 30556027 PMCID: PMC6288807 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of triazole-substituted quinazoline hybrid compounds were designed and synthesized for anticancer activity targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. Most of the compounds showed moderate to good antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines (HepG2, HCT116, MCF-7, and PC-3). Compound 5b showed good antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 20.71 μM) against MCF-7 cell lines. Molecular docking results showed that compound 5b formed hydrogen bond with Met 769 and Lys 721 and π-sulfur interaction with Met 742 of EGFR tyrosine kinase (PDB ID: 1M17). Compound 5b decreases the expression of EGFR and p-EGFR. It also induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species generation, followed by the change in mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadip Banerji
- Organic
& Medicinal Chemistry Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), and Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kadaiahgari Chandrasekhar
- Organic
& Medicinal Chemistry Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), and Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kancham Sreenath
- National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Kolkata, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Saheli Roy
- Organic
& Medicinal Chemistry Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), and Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sayoni Nag
- Organic
& Medicinal Chemistry Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), and Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Organic
& Medicinal Chemistry Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative
Research (AcSIR), and Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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22
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Tan J, Sivaram H, Huynh HV. Gold(I) bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes: Metabolic stability, in vitro
inhibition, and genotoxicity. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Tan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Haresh Sivaram
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Han Vinh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
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23
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Zhang C, Hemmert C, Gornitzka H, Cuvillier O, Zhang M, Sun RWY. Cationic and Neutral N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Complexes: Cytotoxicity, NCI-60 Screening, Cellular Uptake, Inhibition of Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase, and Reactive Oxygen Species Formation. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1218-1229. [PMID: 29603648 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A structurally diverse library of 14 gold(I) cationic bis(NHC) and neutral mono(NHC) complexes (NHC: N-heterocyclic carbene) was synthesized and characterized in this work. Four of them were new cationic gold(I) complexes containing functionalized NHCs, and their X-ray crystal structures are presented herein. All of the complexes were investigated for their anticancer activities in four cancer cell lines, including a cisplatin-resistant variant, and a noncancerous cell line. Seven of the cationic gold(I) complexes were found to display high and specific cytotoxic activities toward cancer cells. Two of them were even able to overcome cisplatin resistance. Two highly potent cationic complexes (11 and 15) were also submitted to the NCI-60 cancer panel for further cytotoxicity evaluation. Complex 15 showed a surprisingly high potency toward leukemia among the nine examined cancer subtypes, particularly toward the CCRF-CEM leukemia cell line with a concentration for 50 % inhibition of growth down to 79.4 nm. In addition, cationic complex 13, which demonstrated a remarkable cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma, was selected to obtain insight into the mechanistic aspects in HepG2 cells. Cellular uptake measurements were indicative of good bioavailability. By various biochemical assays, this complex was found to effectively inhibit thioredoxin reductase and its cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells was found to be reactive oxygen species dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Heinz Gornitzka
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Cuvillier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Raymond Wai-Yin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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24
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Porchia M, Pellei M, Marinelli M, Tisato F, Del Bello F, Santini C. New insights in Au-NHCs complexes as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:709-746. [PMID: 29407992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Within the research field of antitumor metal-based agents alternative to platinum drugs, gold(I/III) coordination complexes have always been in the forefront due mainly to the familiarity of medicinal chemists with gold compounds, whose application in medicine goes back in the ancient times, and to the rich chemistry shown by this metal. In the last decade, N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC), a class of ligands that largely resembles the chemical properties of phosphines, became of interest for gold(I) medicinal applications, and since then, the research on NHC-gold(I/III) coordination complexes as potential antiproliferative agents boosted dramatically. Different classes of gold(I/III)-NHC complexes often showed an outstanding in vitro antiproliferative activity, however up to now very few in vivo data have been reported to corroborate the in vitro results. This review summarizes all achievements in the field of gold (I/III) complexes comprising NHC ligands proposed as potential antiproliferative agents in the period 2004-2016, and critically analyses biological data (mainly IC50 values) in relation to the chemical structures of Au compounds. The state of art of the in vivo studies so far described is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maura Pellei
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
| | - Marika Marinelli
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Carlo Santini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
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25
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Rana BK, Mishra S, Sarkar D, Mondal TK, Seth SK, Bertolasi V, Das Saha K, Bielawski CW, Isab AA, Dinda J. Isoelectronic Pt(ii)– and Au(iii)–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: a structural and biological comparison. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01562g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To differentiate the intrinsic biological activities displayed by Pt vs. Au reagents, a series of square planar carbene complexes were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Deblina Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | | | - Saikat K. Seth
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Strutturistica Diffrattometrica, Universita' di Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
| | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Joydev Dinda
- Department of Chemistry
- Utkal University
- Bhubaneswar-751004
- India
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26
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Jhulki L, Dutta P, Santra MK, Cardoso MH, Oshiro KGN, Franco OL, Bertolasi V, Isab AA, Bielawski CW, Dinda J. Synthesis and cytotoxic characteristics displayed by a series of Ag(i)-, Au(i)- and Au(iii)-complexes supported by a common N-heterocyclic carbene. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and anticancer properties of a series of Ag(i), Au(i) and Au(iii)–NHC complexes supported by pyridyl[1,2-a]{2-acetylylphenylimidazol}-3-ylidene are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalmohan Jhulki
- School of Applied Science
- Haldia Institute of Technology
- Haldia 721657
- India
| | - Parul Dutta
- National Centre for Cell Science
- Pune 411007
- India
| | | | - Marlon H. Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular
- Faculdade de Medicina
- Universidade de Brasília
- Brasília-DF
- Brazil
| | - Karen G. N. Oshiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular
- Faculdade de Medicina
- Universidade de Brasília
- Brasília-DF
- Brazil
| | - Octávio L. Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular
- Faculdade de Medicina
- Universidade de Brasília
- Brasília-DF
- Brazil
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Centro di Strutturistica Diffrattometrica
- Universita' di Ferrara
- Italy
| | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of Chemistry
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering
| | - Joydev Dinda
- Department of Chemistry
- Utkal University
- Bhubaneswar 751004
- India
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Bhanja P, Mishra S, Manna K, Mallick A, Das Saha K, Bhaumik A. Covalent Organic Framework Material Bearing Phloroglucinol Building Units as a Potent Anticancer Agent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31411-31423. [PMID: 28831795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) having periodicity in pores of nanoscale dimensions can be suitably designed for the organic building units bearing reactive functional groups at their surfaces. Thus, they are an attractive option as an anticancer agent to overcome the limitations of chemotherapy. Herein, we first report a new porous biodegradable nitrogen containing COF material, EDTFP-1 (ethylenedianiline-triformyl phloroglucinol), synthesized using 4,4'-ethylenedianiline and 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol via Schiff base condensation reaction. EDTFP-1 exhibited 3D-hexagonal porous structure with average pores of ca. 1.5 nm dimension. Here, we have explored the anticancer potentiality of EDTFP-1. Result demonstrated an enhanced cytotoxicity was observed against four cancer cells HCT 116, HepG2, A549, and MIA-Paca2 with significant lower IC50 on HCT116 cells. Additionally, EDTFP-1-induced cell death was associated with the characteristic apoptotic changes like cell membrane blebbing, nuclear DNA fragmentation, externalization of phosphatidylserine from the cell membrane followed by a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as modulation of pro and antiapoptotic proteins. Further, the result depicted a direct correlation between the generations of ROS with mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through the involvement of p53 phosphorylation upon EDTFP-1 induction, suggesting this COF material is a novel chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Bhanja
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Cancer & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arijit Mallick
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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28
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Nandi R, Mishra S, Maji TK, Manna K, Kar P, Banerjee S, Dutta S, Sharma SK, Lemmens P, Saha KD, Pal SK. A novel nanohybrid for cancer theranostics: folate sensitized Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles for colorectal cancer diagnosis and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3927-3939. [PMID: 32264254 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03292c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic nanohybrids are becoming popular for their potential biological applications, including diagnosis and treatment of cancerous cells. The motive of this study is to synthesise a nanohybrid for the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer. Here we have developed a facile and cost-effective synthesis of folic acid (FA) templated Fe2O3 nanoparticles with excellent colloidal stability in water using a hydrothermal method for the theranostics applications. The attachment of FA to Fe2O3 was confirmed using various spectroscopic techniques including FTIR and picosecond resolved fluorescence studies. The nanohybrid (FA-Fe2O3) is a combination of two nontoxic ingredients FA and Fe2O3, showing remarkable photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) activity in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (HCT 116) via generation of intracellular ROS. The light induced enhanced ROS activity of the nanohybrid causes significant nuclear DNA damage, as confirmed from the comet assay. Assessment of p53, Bax, Bcl2, cytochrome c (cyt c) protein expression and caspase 9/3 activity provides vivid evidence for cell death via an apoptotic pathway. In vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments in folate receptor (FR) overexpressed cancer cells (HCT 116) and FR deficient human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) reveal the target specificity of the nanohybrid towards cancer cells, and are thus pronounced MRI contrasting agents for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Nandi
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
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29
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Naskar B, Modak R, Maiti DK, Drew MGB, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Das Mukhopadhyay C, Mishra S, Das Saha K, Goswami S. A Schiff base platform: structures, sensing of Zn(ii) and PPi in aqueous medium and anticancer activity. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9498-9510. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01932g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A Schiff base platform was explored to present structural aspects of its Zn(ii) and Cd(ii) coordination compounds, sensing behavior towards Zn(ii) and PPi in aqueous medium and anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Naskar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Ritwik Modak
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Dilip K. Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata
- India
| | | | - Antonio Bauzá
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les IllesBalears
- Crta. deValldemossa km 7.5
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les IllesBalears
- Crta. deValldemossa km 7.5
- 07122 Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Chitrangada Das Mukhopadhyay
- Centre for Healthcare Science & Technology
- Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology
- Shibpur Howrah 711103
- India
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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30
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Liu W, Gust R. Update on metal N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as potential anti-tumor metallodrugs. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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31
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N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of silver and gold as novel tools against breast cancer progression. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:2213-2229. [PMID: 27874288 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Metal carbenic complexes have received considerable attention in both the catalysis and biological fields for their potential applications in cancer and antimicrobial therapies. RESULTS A small series of new silver and gold N-heterocyclic carbene complexes has been designed and synthesized. Among the tested complexes, one compound was particularly active in inhibiting anchorage-dependent and -independent breast cancer proliferation, and inducing cell apoptosis via a mitochondria-related process. The antitumor activity was associated to the transcriptional activation of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in an Sp1-dependent manner, as evidenced by biological and docking studies. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the importance and the versatility of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of gold and silver as useful tools against breast cancer progression.
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Climacostol reduces tumour progression in a mouse model of melanoma via the p53-dependent intrinsic apoptotic programme. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27281. [PMID: 27271364 PMCID: PMC4895139 DOI: 10.1038/srep27281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Climacostol, a compound produced by the ciliated protozoan Climacostomum virens, displayed cytotoxic properties in vitro. This study demonstrates that it has anti-tumour potential. Climacostol caused a reduction of viability/proliferation of B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells, a rapidly occurring DNA damage, and induced the intrinsic apoptotic pathway characterised by the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the translocation of Bax to the mitochondria, the release of Cytochrome c from the mitochondria, and the activation of Caspase 9-dependent cleavage of Caspase 3. The apoptotic mechanism of climacostol was found to rely on the up-regulation of p53 and its targets Noxa and Puma. In vivo analysis of B16-F10 allografts revealed a persistent inhibition of tumour growth rate when melanomas were treated with intra-tumoural injections of climacostol. In addition, it significantly improved the survival of transplanted mice, decreased tumour weight, induced a remarkable reduction of viable cells inside the tumour, activated apoptosis and up-regulated the p53 signalling network. Importantly, climacostol toxicity was more selective against tumour than non-tumour cells. The anti-tumour properties of climacostol and the molecular events associated with its action indicate that it is a powerful agent that may be considered for the design of pro-apoptotic drugs for melanoma therapy.
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33
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Mui YF, Fernández-Gallardo J, Elie BT, Gubran A, Maluenda I, Sanaú M, Navarro O, Contel M. Titanocene-Gold Complexes Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Inhibit Growth of Prostate, Renal, and Colon Cancers in Vitro. Organometallics 2016; 35:1218-1227. [PMID: 27182101 PMCID: PMC4863200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report on the synthesis, characterization,
and stability studies
of new titanocene complexes containing a methyl group and a carboxylate
ligand (mba = −OC(O)-p-C6H4-S−) bound to gold(I)–N-heterocyclic carbene
fragments through the thiolate group: [(η5-C5H5)2TiMe(μ-mba)Au(NHC)]. The cytotoxicities
of the heterometallic compounds along with those of novel monometallic
gold–N-heterocyclic carbene precursors [(NHC)Au(mbaH)] have
been evaluated against renal, prostate, colon, and breast cancer cell
lines. The highest activity and selectivity and a synergistic effect
of the resulting heterometallic species was found for the prostate
and colon cancer cell lines. The colocalization of both titanium and
gold metals (1:1 ratio) in PC3 prostate cancer cells was demonstrated
for the selected compound 5a, indicating the robustness
of the heterometallic compound in vitro. We describe here preliminary
mechanistic data involving studies on the interaction of selected
mono- and bimetallic compounds with plasmid (pBR322) used as a model
nucleic acid and the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase in PC3 prostate
cancer cells. The heterometallic compounds, which are highly apoptotic,
exhibit strong antimigratory effects on the prostate cancer cell line
PC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Fung Mui
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States; Chemistry and Biology Ph.D. Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jacob Fernández-Gallardo
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York , Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Benelita T Elie
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States; Chemistry and Biology Ph.D. Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ahmed Gubran
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York , Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Irene Maluenda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex , Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Mercedes Sanaú
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia , Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Oscar Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex , Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - María Contel
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States; Chemistry and Biology Ph.D. Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States; Chemistry and Biology Ph.D. Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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34
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Mihorianu M, Franz MH, Jones PG, Freytag M, Kelter G, Fiebig HH, Tamm M, Neda I. N-Heterocyclic carbenes derived from imidazo-[1,5-a]pyridines related to natural products: synthesis, structure and potential biological activity of some corresponding gold(I) and silver(I) complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mihorianu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Carola Wilhelmina; Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - M Heiko Franz
- InnoChemTech GmbH; Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Institutul National de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Electrochimie si Materie Condensata; Str. Dr A. Paunescu Podeanu Nr 144 Ro-300569 Timisoara Romania
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Carola Wilhelmina; Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Matthias Freytag
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Carola Wilhelmina; Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Gerhard Kelter
- Oncotest GmbH; Am Flughafen 12-14 D-79108 Freiburg Germany
| | | | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Carola Wilhelmina; Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ion Neda
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität Carola Wilhelmina; Hagenring 30 D-38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Institutul National de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Electrochimie si Materie Condensata; Str. Dr A. Paunescu Podeanu Nr 144 Ro-300569 Timisoara Romania
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35
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Nandy A, Samanta T, Mallick S, Mitra P, Seth SK, Saha KD, Al-Deyab SS, Dinda J. Synthesis of gold(iii) ← gold(i)–NHC through disproportionation: the role of gold(i)–NHC in the induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02979a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer activities of novel Au(i) and Au(iii)–NHC complexes based on 2-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)]imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-4-ylium hexafluorophosphate have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Nandy
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Tapastaru Samanta
- School of Applied Science
- Haldia Institute of Technology
- Purba Medinipur
- India
| | - Sumana Mallick
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Partha Mitra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | | | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Salem S. Al-Deyab
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Joydev Dinda
- Department of Chemistry
- Utkal University
- Bhubaneswar-751004
- India
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Farooq M, Taha NA, Butorac RR, Evans DA, Elzatahry AA, Elsayed EA, Wadaan MAM, Al-Deyab SS, Cowley AH. Biological Screening of Newly Synthesized BIAN N-Heterocyclic Gold Carbene Complexes in Zebrafish Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24718-31. [PMID: 26501273 PMCID: PMC4632773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes possess diverse biological activities but have yet to be extensively explored as potential chemotherapeutic agents. We have previously reported the synthesis of a new class of NHC metal complexes N-heterocyclic with acetate [IPr(BIAN)AuOAc] and chloride [IPr(BIAN)AuCl] ligands. In the experiments reported herein, the zebrafish embryos were exposed to serial dilutions of each of these complexes for 10-12 h. One hundred percent mortality was observed at concentrations≥50 µM. At sub-lethal concentrations (10-30 µM), both compounds influenced zebrafish embryonic development. However, quite diverse categories of abnormalities were found in exposed embryos with each compound. Severe brain deformation and notochord degeneration were evident in the case of [IPr(BIAN)AuOAc]. The zebrafish embryos treated with [IPr(BIAN)AuCl] exhibited stunted growth and consequently had smaller body sizes. A depletion of 30%-40% glutathione was detected in the treated embryos, which could account for one of the possible mechanism of neurotoxicity. The fact that these compounds are capable of both affecting the growth and also compromising antioxidant systems by elevating intracellular ROS production implies that they could play an important role as a new breed of therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nael Abu Taha
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rachel R Butorac
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Daniel Anthony Evans
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Ahmed A Elzatahry
- Materials Science and Technology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Elsayed Ahmed Elsayed
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad A M Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salem S Al-Deyab
- Petrochemical Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alan H Cowley
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Sharma S, Verma A, Pandey G, Mittapelly N, Mishra PR. Investigating the role of Pluronic-g-Cationic polyelectrolyte as functional stabilizer for nanocrystals: Impact on Paclitaxel oral bioavailability and tumor growth. Acta Biomater 2015; 26:169-83. [PMID: 26265061 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a potent anticancer drug which suffers limitations of extremely low oral bioavailability due to low solubility, rapid metabolism and efflux by P-gp transporters. The main objective of this study was to overcome the limitation of PTX by designing delivery systems that can enhance the absorption using multiple pathways. A novel Pluronic-grafted chitosan (Pl-g-CH) copolymer was developed and employed as a functional stabilizer for nanocrystals (NCs) and hypothesized that it would improve PTX absorption by several mechanisms and pathways. Pl-g-CH was synthesized and characterized using (1)H NMR and then used as a stabilizer during nanocrystal development. To establish our proof of concept the optimized formulation having a particle size 192.7 ± 9.2 nm and zeta potential (+) 38.8 ± 3.12 mV was studied extensively on in vitro Caco-2 model. It was observed that nanocrystals rendered higher PTX accumulation inside the cell than Taxol™. P-gp inhibitory potential of Pl-g-CH was proved by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy where the much enhanced fluorescence intensity of Rhodamine 123 (Rho-123, P-gp substrate) was observed in the presence of Pl-g-CH. In addition, a significant decrease in Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) of Caco-2 cell monolayers was observed with nanocrystals as well as with Taxol™ (in the presence of free Pl-g-CH compared to only Taxol™). This supports the role of the stabilizer in reversible opening of tight junctions between cells which can allow paracellular transport of drug. The in vivo results were in complete corroboration with in vitro results. Nanocrystals resulted in much enhanced absorption with 12.6-fold improvement in relative bioavailability to that of Taxol™. Concomitantly efficacy data in B16 F10 murine melanoma model also showed a significant reduction in tumor growth with nanocrystals compared to Taxol™ and control. Based on the results it can be suggested that nanocrystals with functional stabilizers can be a promising approach for the oral delivery of anticancer drugs which are P-gp substrates STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Nanocrystals are currently one of the most explored novel drug delivery systems especially for oral delivery of drugs because of ease in synthesis and high drug loading. But their use is still limited for oral delivery of anticancer drugs which are P-gp substrates. This particular study aims at widening the scope of nanocrystals by using a functional stabilizer which participates in enhancing the oral absorption of anticancer drugs and controlling the tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), B 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226031, India
| | - Ashwni Verma
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), B 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226031, India
| | - Gitu Pandey
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), B 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226031, India
| | - Naresh Mittapelly
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), B 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226031, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), B 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, U.P. 226031, India.
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38
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Samanta T, Munda RN, Roymahapatra G, Nandy A, Saha KD, Al-Deyab SS, Dinda J. Silver(I), Gold(I) and Gold(III)-N-Heterocyclic carbene complexes of naphthyl substituted annelated ligand: Synthesis, structure and cytotoxicity. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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39
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Ferreira E, Munyaneza A, Omondi B, Meijboom R, Cronjé MJ. The effect of 1:2 Ag(I) thiocyanate complexes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Biometals 2015; 28:765-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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40
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Ali M, Dondaine L, Adolle A, Sampaio C, Chotard F, Richard P, Denat F, Bettaieb A, Le Gendre P, Laurens V, Goze C, Paul C, Bodio E. Anticancer Agents: Does a Phosphonium Behave Like a Gold(I) Phosphine Complex? Let a “Smart” Probe Answer! J Med Chem 2015; 58:4521-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Ali
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon Cedex, 21078, France
| | - Lucile Dondaine
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, F-75014, France
- EA7269 EPHE-University of Burgundy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Anais Adolle
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, F-75014, France
- EA7269 EPHE-University of Burgundy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Carla Sampaio
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, F-75014, France
- EA7269 EPHE-University of Burgundy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Florian Chotard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon Cedex, 21078, France
| | - Philippe Richard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon Cedex, 21078, France
| | - Franck Denat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon Cedex, 21078, France
| | - Ali Bettaieb
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, F-75014, France
- EA7269 EPHE-University of Burgundy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Pierre Le Gendre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon Cedex, 21078, France
| | - Véronique Laurens
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, F-75014, France
- EA7269 EPHE-University of Burgundy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Christine Goze
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon Cedex, 21078, France
| | - Catherine Paul
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, F-75014, France
- EA7269 EPHE-University of Burgundy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Ewen Bodio
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, Dijon Cedex, 21078, France
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Gao X, Wang C, Bai FY, Guan QL, Wang JX, Wei SY, Zhang XX, Xu XT, Xing YH. Structure, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of a Series of Well-Established Covalent Heterojunction Coordination Polymers. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-015-0215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chatterjee S, Mallick S, Buzzetti F, Fiorillo G, Syeda TM, Lombardi P, Saha KD, Kumar GS. New 13-pyridinealkyl berberine analogues intercalate to DNA and induce apoptosis in HepG2 and MCF-7 cells through ROS mediated p53 dependent pathway: biophysical, biochemical and molecular modeling studies. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of 13-pyridinealkyl berberine analogues was synthesized and their DNA binding efficacy studied by employing spectroscopic, calorimetric and molecular modeling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Chatterjee
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Sumana Mallick
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | | | | | | | | | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
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43
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Serebryanskaya TV, Zolotarev AA, Ott I. A novel aminotriazole-based NHC complex for the design of gold(i) anti-cancer agents: synthesis and biological evaluation. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00185d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel gold(i) complex based on an aminotriazole N-heterocylic carbene ligand represents a promising scaffold for the design of anticancer bioorganometallics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. V. Serebryanskaya
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - A. A. Zolotarev
- Institute of Earth Sciences
- Saint Petersburg State University
- 199034 Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - I. Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
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44
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Apoptotic effects of dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine (dppz) Au(III) complex against diethylnitrosamine/phenobarbital induced experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5109-21. [PMID: 24756331 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of dipyrido [3,2-a:2',3'-c] phenazine (dppz) Au(III) complex ([Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl) on apoptosis during chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma. 48 male Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into six groups; group I (control), group II [Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)], group III ([Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl), group IV [diethylnitrosamine + Phenobabital (DEN + PB)], group V (DEN + PB + [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl (2nd week)), and group VI (DEN + PB + [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl (7th week). The rats in groups IV through VI were administrated with DEN in a single dose of intraperitoneal 175 mg/kg. After 2 weeks of DEN administration, these groups of rats were given daily PB in a dose of 500 ppm. In group V, after two weeks of DEN administration, [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl complex (2 mg/kg) was given once a week by intraperitoneal injection. In the group VI, the rats were given a dose of 2 mg/kg [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl complex once a week, 7 weeks after DEN administration. At the end of the study, blood and tissue samples were collected from the rats to determine levels of serum AST, ALT, and LDH, and caspase 3, p53, Bax, Bcl-2 and DNA fragmentation in liver. AST, ALT, LDH, and Bcl-2 levels were higher in group IV, compared to group I, but caspase 3 and p53 levels were lower. In group V, caspase 3, p53, Bax, and DNA fragmentation levels were higher than those of group IV. Caspase 3 and p53 levels increased in group VI compared with group IV. In conclusion, [Au(dppz)Cl2]Cl complex induced apoptosis by elevating levels of caspase 3, p53, Bax, and DNA fragmentation.
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Dinda J, Nandy A, Rana BK, Bertolasi V, Saha KD, Bielawski CW. Cytotoxicity of silver(i), gold(i) and gold(iii) complexes of a pyridine wingtip substituted annelated N-heterocyclic carbene. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09591j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cl–Ag(i)–NHC, Cl–Au(i)–NHC, and Cl3–Au(i)–NHC complexes based on the 1-methyl-2-pyridin-2-yl-2H-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-4-ylium chloride, were tested for their cytotoxicity towards different cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydev Dinda
- Department of Chemistry
- ITM University-Gwalior
- Gwalior-474001, India
- School of Applied Science
- Applied Synthetic Chemical Research Laboratory
| | - Abhishek Nandy
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Bidyut Kumar Rana
- School of Applied Science
- Applied Synthetic Chemical Research Laboratory
- Haldia Institute of Technology
- Haldia-721657, India
| | - Valerio Bertolasi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Strutturistica Diffrattometrica
- Universita' di Ferrara
- , Italy
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at Austin
- 1 University Station
- Austin, USA
- Department of Chemistry
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