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Böttger F, Radonic T, Bahce I, Monkhorst K, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Dingemans AC, Hillen LM, Santarpia M, Giovannetti E, Smit EF, Burgers SA, Jimenez CR. Identification of protein biomarkers for prediction of response to platinum-based treatment regimens in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1417-1436. [PMID: 38010703 PMCID: PMC11161729 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with resected stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are treated with platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in a one-size-fits-all approach. However, a significant number of patients do not derive clinical benefit, and no predictive patient selection biomarker is currently available. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we have profiled tumour resection material of 2 independent, multi-centre cohorts of in total 67 patients with NSCLC who underwent ACT. Unsupervised cluster analysis of both cohorts revealed a poor response/survival sub-cluster composed of ~ 25% of the patients, that displayed a strong epithelial-mesenchymal transition signature and stromal phenotype. Beyond this stromal sub-population, we identified and validated platinum response prediction biomarker candidates involved in pathways relevant to the mechanism of action of platinum drugs, such as DNA damage repair, as well as less anticipated processes such as those related to the regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Integration with pre-clinical proteomics data supported a role for several of these candidate proteins in platinum response prediction. Validation of one of the candidates (HMGB1) in a third independent patient cohort using immunohistochemistry highlights the potential of translating these proteomics results to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Böttger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Idris Bahce
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Division of PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sander R. Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Thang V. Pham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Anne‐Marie C. Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology & Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa M. Hillen
- Department of PathologyMaastricht University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”University of MessinaItaly
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology LabFondazione Pisana per la ScienzaPisaItaly
| | - Egbert F. Smit
- Division of Thoracic OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesLeiden University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Sjaak A. Burgers
- Division of Thoracic OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Connie R. Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
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2
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Ahmed M, Semreen AM, Giddey AD, Ramadan WS, El-Awady R, Soares NC, El-Huneidi W, Bustanji Y, Alqudah MAY, Alzoubi KH, Semreen MH. Proteomic and metabolomic signatures of U87 glioblastoma cells treated with cisplatin and/or paclitaxel. Ann Med 2024; 55:2305308. [PMID: 38253025 PMCID: PMC10810643 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2305308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary malignancy of the central nervous system and is classified as a grade IV astrocytoma by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although GBM rarely metastasizes, its prognosis remains poor. Moreover, the standard treatment for GBM, temozolomide (TMZ), is associated with chemoresistance, which is a major factor behind GBM-related deaths. Investigating drugs with repurposing potential in the context of GBM is worthwhile to bypass lengthy bench-to-bedside research. The field of omics has garnered significant interest in scientific research because of its potential to delineate the intricate regulatory network underlying tumor development. In particular, proteomic and metabolomic analyses are powerful approaches for the investigation of metabolic enzymes and intermediate metabolites since they represent the functional end of the cancer phenotype. METHODS We chose two of the most widely prescribed anticancer drugs, cisplatin and paclitaxel. To our knowledge, the current literature lacks studies examining their effects on metabolic and proteomic alterations in GBM. We employed the mass spectrometry technological platform 'UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS' to examine the changes in the proteome and metabolome profiles of the U87 cell line with defined concentrations of cisplatin and/or paclitaxel via an untargeted approach. RESULTS A total of 1,419 distinct proteins and 90 metabolites were generated, and subsequent analysis was performed. We observed that upon treatment with cisplatin (9.5 μM), U87 cells exhibited apparent efforts to cope with this exogenous stressor, understanding the effect of paclitaxel (5.3 μM) on altering the transport machinery of the cell, and how the combination of cisplatin and/or paclitaxel suggests potential interactions with promising benefits in GBM therapeutics. CONCLUSION Our research provides a detailed map of alterations in response to cisplatin and paclitaxel treatment, provides crucial insights into the molecular basis of their action, and paves the way for further research to identify molecular targets for this elusive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahlam M. Semreen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexander D. Giddey
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa S. Ramadan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A. Y. Alqudah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Umar H, Wahab HA, Attiq A, Amjad MW, Bukhari SNA, Ahmad W. Platinum-based targeted chemotherapies and reversal of cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mutat Res 2024; 828:111856. [PMID: 38520879 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2024.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the one of the most prevalent cancer in the world. It kills more people from cancer than any other cause and is especially common in underdeveloped nations. With 1.2 million instances, it is also the most prevalent cancer in men worldwide, making about 16.7% of the total cancer burden. Surgery is the main form of curative treatment for early-stage lung cancer. However, the majority of patients had incurable advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) recurrence after curative purpose surgery, which is indicative of the aggressiveness of the illness and the dismal outlook. The gold standard of treatment for NSCLC patients includes drug targeting of specific mutated genes drive in development of lung cancer. Furthermore, patients with advanced NSCLC and those with early-stage illness needing adjuvant therapy should use cisplatin as it is the more active platinum drug. So, this review encompasses the non-small cell lung cancer microenvironment, treatment approaches, and use of cisplatin as a first-line regimen for NSCLC, its mechanism of action, cisplatin resistance in NSCLC and also the prevention strategies to revert the drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassaan Umar
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Habibah A Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Ali Attiq
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Wahab Amjad
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia.
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Wu C, Spector SA, Theodoropoulos G, Nguyen DJM, Kim EY, Garcia A, Savaraj N, Lim DC, Paul A, Feun LG, Bickerdike M, Wangpaichitr M. Dual inhibition of IDO1/TDO2 enhances anti-tumor immunity in platinum-resistant non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:7. [PMID: 37226257 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metabolism on the immune microenvironment is not well understood within platinum resistance. We have identified crucial metabolic differences between cisplatin-resistant (CR) and cisplatin-sensitive (CS) NSCLC cells with elevated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) activity in CR, recognized by increased kynurenine (KYN) production. METHODS Co-culture, syngeneic, and humanize mice models were utilized. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with either Lewis lung carcinoma mouse cells (LLC) or their platinum-resistant counterpart (LLC-CR) cells. Humanized mice were inoculated with either A (human CS cells) or ALC (human CR cells). Mice were treated with either IDO1 inhibitor or TDO2 (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase-2) inhibitor at 200 mg/kg P.O. once a day for 15 days; or with a new-in-class, IDO1/TDO2 dual inhibitor AT-0174 at 170 mg/kg P.O. once a day for 15 days with and without anti-PD1 antibody (10 mg/kg, every 3 days). Immune profiles and KYN and tryptophan (TRP) production were evaluated. RESULTS CR tumors exhibited a more highly immunosuppressive environment that debilitated robust anti-tumor immune responses. IDO1-mediated KYN production from CR cells suppressed NKG2D on immune effector natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells and enhanced immunosuppressive populations of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Importantly, while selective IDO1 inhibition attenuated CR tumor growth, it concomitantly upregulated the TDO2 enzyme. To overcome the compensatory induction of TDO2 activity, we employed the IDO1/TDO2 dual inhibitor, AT-0174. Dual inhibition of IDO1/TDO2 in CR mice suppressed tumor growth to a greater degree than IDO1 inhibition alone. Significant enhancement in NKG2D frequency on NK and CD8+ T cells and a reduction in Tregs and MDSCs were observed following AT-1074 treatment. PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand-1) expression was increased in CR cells; therefore, we assessed dual inhibition + PD1 (programmed cell death protein-1) blocking and report profound anti-tumor growth and improved immunity in CR tumors which in turn extended overall survival in mice. CONCLUSION Our study reports the presence of platinum-resistant lung tumors that utilize both IDO1/TDO2 enzymes for survival, and to escape immune surveillance as a consequence of KYN metabolites. We also report early in vivo data in support of the potential therapeutic efficacy of the dual IDO1/TDO2 inhibitor AT-0174 as a part of immuno-therapeutic treatment that disrupts tumor metabolism and enhances anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Wu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sydney A Spector
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Dan J M Nguyen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emily Y Kim
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ashley Garcia
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diane C Lim
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ankita Paul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lynn G Feun
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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5
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Greenwell JC, Torres-Gonzalez E, Ritzenthaler JD, Roman J. Fibroblast-derived conditioned media promotes lung cancer progression. Am J Med Sci 2023; 365:189-197. [PMID: 36087640 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States. Recent studies have implicated the tumor microenvironment as a new chemotherapeutic target by demonstrating the importance of tumor cell-stromal interactions in cancer progression. However, the exact mechanisms by which tumor cell-stromal interactions drive lung cancer progression remain undefined, particularly in the lung. We suspect host fibroblasts represent an important component of the tumor microenvironment that drives tumor progression. We found that human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines show alterations in cell morphology, proliferation, migration, and colony formation on soft agar when exposed to fibroblast-conditioned media (FCM). Interestingly, FCM also promoted tumor cell resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. These effects varied depending on the cancer cell line used. Similar observations were made when exposing murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells to conditioned media harvested from primary murine lung fibroblasts. Certain effects of FCM, but not all, could be prevented by using a cMET inhibitor. In vivo, we observed enhanced growth of the primary tumors when treated with FCM, but no changes in metastatic behavior. Although the identity of the stimulating agent(s) in the fibroblast-conditioned media was not unveiled, further studies revealed that the activity is more than one factor with a high-molecular weight (over 100 kDa). These studies implicate lung fibroblast-derived factors in lung cancer progression. These data suggest that targeting the lung tumor stroma alone, or in combination with other interventions, is a promising concept that warrants further study in the setting of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Greenwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Edilson Torres-Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care and The Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Ritzenthaler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care and The Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care and The Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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6
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Choi SH, Do SK, Lee SY, Choi JE, Kang H, Hong MJ, Lee JH, Lee WK, Jeong JY, Shin KM, Do YW, Lee EB, Park JE, Lee YH, Seo H, Yoo SS, Lee J, Cha SI, Kim CH, Park JY. Genetic variants in LKB1/AMPK/mTOR pathway are associated with clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:3322-3330. [PMID: 36239337 PMCID: PMC9715851 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between genetic variants in LKB1/AMPK/mTOR pathway and treatment outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with chemotherapy. A total of 379 patients with NSCLC who underwent first-line paclitaxel-cisplatin chemotherapy was enrolled. The associations between 19 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR pathway and the chemotherapy response and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Among the SNVs analyzed, AKT1 rs2494750G>C and TSC1 rs2809244C>A were associated with clinical outcomes after chemotherapy in multivariate analyses. The AKT1 rs2494750G>C was significantly associated with a better response to chemotherapy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-3.62, p = 0.04). The TSC1 rs2809244C>A were significantly associated with better OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62-0.99, p = 0.04). When stratified by tumor histology, AKT1 rs2494750G>C exhibited a significant association with the chemotherapy response only in adenocarcinoma and TSC1 rs2809244C>A was also significantly associated with OS only in adenocarcinoma. This result suggests that the AKT1 rs2494750G>C and TSC1 rs2809244 C>A may be useful for predicting the clinical outcome of first-line paclitaxel-cisplatin chemotherapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ha Choi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea,Lung Cancer CenterKyungpook National University Chilgok HospitalDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Sook Kyung Do
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea,Lung Cancer CenterKyungpook National University Chilgok HospitalDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Hyo‐Gyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Jang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea,Medical Research Collaboration Center in Kyungpook National University Hospital and School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Kyung Min Shin
- Department of Radiology, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Young Woo Do
- Thoracic Surgery, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Eung Bae Lee
- Thoracic Surgery, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Hyewon Seo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea,Lung Cancer CenterKyungpook National University Chilgok HospitalDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Seung Ick Cha
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea,Lung Cancer CenterKyungpook National University Chilgok HospitalDaeguSouth Korea,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
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7
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Trivedi ND, Armstrong S, Wang H, Hartley M, Deeken J, Ruth He A, Subramaniam D, Melville H, Albanese C, Marshall JL, Hwang J, Pishvaian MJ. A phase I trial of the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in combination with capecitabine in patients with advanced malignancies. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1944-1954. [PMID: 33638305 PMCID: PMC7957175 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temsirolimus is an mTOR antagonist with proven anticancer efficacy. Preclinical data suggest greater anticancer effect when mTOR inhibitors are combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy. We performed a Phase I assessment of the combination of temsirolimus and capecitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors. METHODS Patients were enrolled in an alternating dose escalation of temsirolimus (at 15 or 25 mg IV weekly) and capecitabine (at 750, 1000, and 1250 mg/m2 twice daily) in separate Q2-week and Q3-week cohorts. At the recommended Phase II doses (RP2Ds) of temsirolimus and capecitabine (Q2), seven patients were also treated with oxaliplatin (85 mg/m2 , day 1) to determine triplet combination safety and efficacy. RESULTS Forty-five patients were enrolled and 41 were evaluable for dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). The most common adverse events (AEs) were mucositis, fatigue, and thrombocytopenia. The most common grade 3/4 AEs were hypophosphatemia and anemia. Five patients had DLTs, including hypophosphatemia, mucositis, and thrombocytopenia. The RP2Ds were temsirolimus 25 mg +capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 (Q2); and temsirolimus 25 mg +capecitabine 750 mg/m2 (Q3). Of the 38 patients evaluable for response, one had a partial response (PR) and 19 had stable disease (SD). The overall disease control rate was 52%. Five of the 20 patients with SD/PR maintained disease control for >6 months. CONCLUSIONS The combination of temsirolimus and capecitabine is safe on both a Q2-week and a Q3-week schedule. The combination demonstrated promising evidence of disease control in this highly refractory population and could be considered for testing in disease-specific phase II trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel D Trivedi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samantha Armstrong
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hongkun Wang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marion Hartley
- The Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Deeken
- Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - A Ruth He
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deepa Subramaniam
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Heather Melville
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chris Albanese
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John L Marshall
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jimmy Hwang
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Pishvaian
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, SKCC, Washington, DC, USA
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8
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Liao XZ, Gao Y, Zhao HW, Zhou M, Chen DL, Tao LT, Guo W, Sun LL, Gu CY, Chen HR, Xiao ZW, Zhang JX, He MF, Lin LZ. Cordycepin Reverses Cisplatin Resistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Activating AMPK and Inhibiting AKT Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:609285. [PMID: 33520990 PMCID: PMC7843937 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.609285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent against lung cancer. However, the therapeutic effect of DDP loses over time due to the acquired drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In recent years, the role of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cordycepin (Cor) in cancer treatment has been attracting attention. However, the effects of Cor on DDP resistance in NSCLC are unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Cor in combination with DDP on cell proliferation and apoptosis in NSCLC and explore possible underlying mechanisms. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed in NSCLC parental (A549) and DDP-resistant (A549DDP) cells treated with DDP alone or in combination with Cor both in vitro and in vivo. Different genes and signaling pathways were investigated between DDP-sensitive and DDP-resistant A549 cells by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. The perturbations of the MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Our data showed that Cor markedly enhanced DDP inhibition on cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis compared to the DDP-alone group in both A549 and A549DDP cells. The synergic actions were associated with activation of AMPK; inhibition of AKT, mTOR, and downstream P709S6K; and S6 phosphorylation in the AKT pathway compared with DDP alone. Collectively, combination of Cor and DDP has a synergistic effect in inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of NSCLC cells in the presence or absence of DDP resistance. The antitumor activity is associated with activation of AMPK and inhibition of the AKT pathway to enhance DDP inhibition on NSCLC. Our results suggested that Cor in combination with DDP could be an additional therapeutic option for the treatment of DDP-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhong Liao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Lei Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Ting Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chu-Ying Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Rui Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Fang He
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhu Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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9
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A highly annotated database of genes associated with platinum resistance in cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:6395-6405. [PMID: 34645978 PMCID: PMC8602037 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, is prescribed to 10-20% of all cancer patients. Unfortunately, platinum resistance develops in a significant number of patients and is a determinant of clinical outcome. Extensive research has been conducted to understand and overcome platinum resistance, and mechanisms of resistance can be categorized into several broad biological processes, including (1) regulation of drug entry, exit, accumulation, sequestration, and detoxification, (2) enhanced repair and tolerance of platinum-induced DNA damage, (3) alterations in cell survival pathways, (4) alterations in pleiotropic processes and pathways, and (5) changes in the tumor microenvironment. As a resource to the cancer research community, we provide a comprehensive overview accompanied by a manually curated database of the >900 genes/proteins that have been associated with platinum resistance over the last 30 years of literature. The database is annotated with possible pathways through which the curated genes are related to platinum resistance, types of evidence, and hyperlinks to literature sources. The searchable, downloadable database is available online at http://ptrc-ddr.cptac-data-view.org .
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10
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Hou Z, Wang Y, Xia N, Lv T, Yuan X, Song Y. Pseudogene KRT17P3 drives cisplatin resistance of human NSCLC cells by modulating miR-497-5p/mTOR. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:275-286. [PMID: 33179318 PMCID: PMC7780050 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major obstacle in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. The pseudogene keratin 17 pseudogene 3 (KRT17P3) has been previously shown to be upregulated in lung cancer tissues of patients with cisplatin resistance. In the present study, RT‐qPCR was performed to evaluate KRT17P3 levels in plasma samples collected from 30 cisplatin‐resistant and 32 cisplatin‐sensitive patients. We found that the plasma level of KRT17P3 is upregulated in cisplatin‐resistant patients, and the increased expression of plasma KRT17P3 is associated with poor chemotherapy response. Functional studies demonstrated that KRT17P3 overexpression in cultured NSCLC cells increases cell viability and decreases apoptosis upon cisplatin treatment in vitro and in vivo, while KRT17P3 knockdown has the opposite effect. Mechanistically, bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that KRT17P3 acts as a molecular sponge for miR‐497‐5p and relieves the binding of miR‐497‐5p to its target gene mTOR. Rescue experiments validated the functional interaction between KRT17P3, miR‐497‐5p, and mTOR. Taken together, our findings indicate that KRT17P3/miR‐497‐5p/mTOR regulates the chemosensitivity of NSCLC, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for cisplatin‐resistant NSCLC patients. KRT17P3 may be a potential peripheral blood marker of NSCLC patients resistant to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yuan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing University Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
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11
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Fu J, Zhou H, Chen J, Wang Y. Low expression of PRKCDBP promoted cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by DNMT1 and TNF‑α. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1616-1626. [PMID: 32945503 PMCID: PMC7448504 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism of protein kinase C delta binding protein (PRKCDBP) promoting cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD). The PRKCDBP expression level was herein detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We overexpressed PRKCDBP and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in A549/DDP cell line, DNMT1 in A549 cells and siRNA TNF-α in A549 cells with lentivirus-mediated technique, and then, analyzed their biological diversification. The results showed a significantly lower expression level of PRKCDBP was lowly expressed in the A549/DDP cell line and LAD tissues than that in A549 cells and adjacent cancer tissues (P<0.05 and P<0.01), while the DNMT1 mRNA level was remarkably increased (P=0.000) and the promoter of PRKCDBP was hypermethylated in the A549/DDP cell line. Additionally, DNMT1 mRNA level in cisplatin-insensitive group was markedly higher than that in cisplatin-sensitive group (t=7.233, P<0.0001), while PRKCDBP mRNA level in cisplatin insensitive group was notably lower than that in cisplatin-sensitive group (t=8.784, P<0.0001). The results showed that PRKCDBP mRNA level was significantly elevated following treatment with 5 µM decitabine for 24 h (P<0.0001), while the DNMT1 mRNA level was notably reduced (P=0.000). When PRKCDBP was overexpressed, the DNMT1 mRNA level was markedly decreased (P=0.007), the rate of proliferation (P<0.05 or P<0.01), IC50 of cisplatin (P<0.001), G2/M phase and S phase cells were obviously reduced (P<0.001), while G0/G1 phase cells, apoptosis (P<0.001) distinctly increased, but migration ability did not significantly change. TNF-α overexpression resulted in an increase of PRKCDBP mRNA level (P<0.001), while TNF-α siRNA led to PRKCDBP mRNA level distinctly reduced (P<0.001). Overexpression of DNMT1 improved IC50 in A549 cells. Thus, findings of the present study ascertained the promoter of PRKCDBP was hypermethylated in A549/DDP cells. In conclusion, low expression of PRKCDBP promoted cisplatin resistance in LAD by DNMT1 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Huixin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
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12
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lncRNA RP11-838N2.3 Promoted Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2806042. [PMID: 32626737 PMCID: PMC7312708 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2806042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of RP11-838N2.3 promoting cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) was unclear. The RP11-838N2.3 expression level in cells and LAD tissues was detected by qPCR. We constructed lentivirus-mediated GV303 overexpression and GV248 shRNA vector targeting RP11-838N2.3, then infected A549 and A549/DDP cell and furtherly analyzed cell biology. High-throughput gene chip analysis showed that RP11-838N2.3 was significantly upregulated in A549/DDP (change fold = 66.056595). The qPCR results showed that the expression level of RP11-838N2.3 in A549/DDP cell was significantly higher than that in A549 cells (P < 0.05), and the expression level of RP11-838N2.3 in LAD tissues was also significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). The expression level of RP11-838N2.3 in cisplatin-insensitive LAD tissues was also significantly higher than that in cisplatin-sensitive LAD tissues (P < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that OS (overall survival) and DFS (progression-free survival) of high RP11-838N2.3 expression in the cisplatin-sensitive or cisplatin-insensitive LAD group were lower (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) than those of low RP11-838N2.3 expression in the cisplatin-sensitive or cisplatin-insensitive LAD group. CCK8 showed that the OD450 value of RP11-838N2.3 overexpression increased significantly at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after transfection, while the knockdown of RP11-838N2.3 caused OD450 value at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after transfection significantly reduced, under the action of cisplatin that had the same trend (P < 0.05). The cell migration showed that the RP11-838N2.3 overexpression increased significantly migration activity and RP11-838N2.3 knockdown inhibited migration activity at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after transfection. The same trend was also observed under the action of cisplatin (P < 0.05). The cell invasion showed that the invasion rate of RP11-838N2.3 overexpression increased significantly, while the invasion rate of RP11-838N2.3 knockdown decreased significantly, and the same trend was observed under the action of cisplatin (P < 0.05). Apoptosis results showed that the apoptosis rate of RP11-838N2.3 overexpressed cells decreased significantly and the apoptosis rate of RP11-838N2.3 knockdown cells increased significantly, and the same trend was also observed under the action of cisplatin (P < 0.05). However, the results of cell cycle showed that there was no significant difference in the proportion of cells in each phase of the cell cycle after RP11-838N2.3 overexpression or knockdown (P > 0.05).RP11-838N2.3 was significantly upregulated in cisplatin-resistant cell and tissues of LAD. RP11-838N2.3 could enhance the proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibit apoptosis of LAD cisplatin-resistant cell. So RP11-838N2.3 could enhance the cisplatin resistance of LAD cells and was a resistant lncRNA molecule.
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13
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García-Guede Á, Vera O, Ibáñez-de-Caceres I. When Oxidative Stress Meets Epigenetics: Implications in Cancer Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060468. [PMID: 32492865 PMCID: PMC7346131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and it can affect any part of the organism. It arises as a consequence of the genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to the uncontrolled growth of the cells. The epigenetic machinery can regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, and it comprises methylation of the DNA, histones modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Alterations of these gene-expression regulatory elements can be produced by an imbalance of the intracellular environment, such as the one derived by oxidative stress, to promote cancer development, progression, and resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments. Here we review the current literature on the effect of oxidative stress in the epigenetic machinery, especially over the largely unknown ncRNAs and its consequences toward cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro García-Guede
- Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, Hospital La PAZ. 28046 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-G.); (I.I.-d.-C.)
- Experimental Therapies and Novel Biomarkers in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital La Paz. IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Vera
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Inmaculada Ibáñez-de-Caceres
- Epigenetics Laboratory, INGEMM, Hospital La PAZ. 28046 Madrid, Spain; (Á.G.-G.); (I.I.-d.-C.)
- Experimental Therapies and Novel Biomarkers in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital La Paz. IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Zhou H, Shen Q, Fu J, Jiang F, Wang L, Wang Y. Analysis of lncRNA UCA1-related downstream pathways and molecules of cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23312. [PMID: 32249461 PMCID: PMC7439354 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the lncRNA UCA1-related downstream pathways and molecules of cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS We constructed overexpression and siRNA vectors targeting UCA1 and TXNIP and then used next-generation sequencing to compare the UCA1 overexpression and negative control from A549 cell. RESULTS It shown that 647 upregulated mRNAs and 633 downregulated differentially expressed mRNAs-related UCA1, and the top ten upregulated mRNAs were CPD, AC007192.1, TGOLN2, LGR4, TFPI, CYP1B1, TOMM6, HLA-B, SLC35F6, and TOP2A, and top ten downregulated mRNAs were TXNIP, SESN2, STC2, HSPA1A, MMP10, CHAC1, DNAJB1, AC004922.1, ATF3, and GABARAPL1. We found TXNIP mRNA expression level was the most significantly downexpressed mRNA. TXNIP mRNA expression level of LAD tissues was clearly lower than the adjacent tissues. UCA1 expression level of cisplatin insensitive group was markedly higher than that of cisplatin-sensitive group, while TXNIP mRNA expression level of cisplatin insensitive group was clearly lower than that of cisplatin-sensitive group. Compared to the BEAS-2B, TXNIP mRNA expression level cut down in A549 and A549/DDP cell and that of A549/DDP cell was lower than A549 cell. After UCA1 overexpression, TXNIP mRNA obviously decreased, while proliferation ability and IC50 of A549 heightened. After knocking down UCA1, TXNIP mRNA was significantly increased, while proliferation ability and IC50 of A549/DDP lowered. PPI analysis result showed that TXNIP could interact with multiple proteins such as TXN, DDIT4, and NLRP3. CONCLUSION UCA1 promoted cisplatin resistance by downregulating TXNIP expression in LAD, and TXNIP could interact with multiple proteins. So, UCA1/TXNIP axis might affect cisplatin resistance in LAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiali Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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15
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Nguyen DJM, Theodoropoulos G, Li YY, Wu C, Sha W, Feun LG, Lampidis TJ, Savaraj N, Wangpaichitr M. Targeting the Kynurenine Pathway for the Treatment of Cisplatin-Resistant Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 18:105-117. [PMID: 31628200 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance is a major barrier in the effective treatment of lung cancer. Cisplatin-resistant (CR) lung cancer cells do not primarily use glucose but rather consume amino acids such as glutamine and tryptophan (Trp) for survival. CR cells activate the kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP) to cope with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintain homeostasis for growth and proliferation. Consequently, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) becomes an essential enzyme for CR cells' survival because it initiates and regulates the first step in the KP. Increased IDO1 activities and ROS levels are found in CR cells versus cisplatin-sensitive lung cancer. Importantly, significantly greater KYN/Trp ratio (P = 0.005) is detected in serum of patients who fail cisplatin when compared with naïve treatment. Knocking down IDO1 using shRNA or IDO1 inhibitors heightens ROS levels and results in a significant growth inhibitory effect only on CR cells and not on cisplatin-sensitive cells. Exposing CR cells to antioxidant (TIRON) results in suppression of IDO1 activity and confers resistance to IDO1 inhibition, indicating an interrelationship between ROS and IDO1. Because KYN plays a critical role in reprogramming naïve T cells to the immune-suppressive regulatory T-cell (T-reg) phenotype, we observed higher expression of TGFβ, FoxP3, and CD4+CD25+ in mice bearing CR tumors compared with tumors from cisplatin-sensitive counterparts. IMPLICATIONS: Findings suggest that the enzyme-inhibitory activity and antitumor efficacy of IDO1 inhibitors rely in part on ROS levels, arguing that IDO1 expression alone may be insufficient to determine the clinical benefits for this class of experimental cancer drugs. Importantly, IDO1 inhibitors may be more suitable to treat patients with lung cancer who failed cisplatin therapy than naïve treatment patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J M Nguyen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, Florida
| | - George Theodoropoulos
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, Florida
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, Florida
| | - Chunjing Wu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, Florida
| | - Wei Sha
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, Florida
| | - Lynn G Feun
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Theodore J Lampidis
- Department of Cell Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, Florida. .,Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Research Service, Miami, Florida. .,Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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16
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Lin XM, Luo W, Wang H, Li RZ, Huang YS, Chen LK, Wu XP. The Role of Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase-2 in Chemoresistance of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:836. [PMID: 31440159 PMCID: PMC6694719 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2) plays essential roles in diverse pathological process. Although recent studies implied that PTGS2 was closely related with chemoresistance, the precise roles and the underlying mechanisms of PTGS2 in the developing process of chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remained elusive. In the present study, we revealed a novel molecular mechanism of PTGS2 implicated in the chemoresistance of NSCLC and proposed a model for the positive feedback regulation of PTGS2 in the process of developing resistance phenotype in NSCLC cells. Our results demonstrated that cisplatin induced PTGS2 expression through the ROS-ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling axis. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) derived from PTGS2 catalyzation further strengthened PTGS2 expression via the PGE2-EPs-ERK1/2 positive feedback loop, which induced multidrug resistance of NSCLC cells through up-regulation of BCL2 expression and the subsequent attenuation of cell apoptosis. Consistently, high levels of both PTGS2 and BCL2 were closely associated with poor survival in NSCLC patients. Inhibition of PTGS2 significantly reversed the chemoresistance in the resistant NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggested that PTGS2 might be employed as an adjunctive therapeutic target for improving the response to the therapeutic agents in a subset of resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mian Lin
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Li
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Shan Huang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Kuai Chen
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wu
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Nam KH, Yi SA, Nam G, Noh JS, Park JW, Lee MG, Park JH, Oh H, Lee J, Lee KR, Park HJ, Lee J, Han JW. Identification of a novel S6K1 inhibitor, rosmarinic acid methyl ester, for treating cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:773. [PMID: 31387554 PMCID: PMC6683399 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mTOR/S6K1 signaling pathway is often activated in cervical cancer, and thus considered a molecular target for cervical cancer therapies. Inhibiting mTOR is cytotoxic to cervical cancer cells and creates a synergistic anti-tumor effect with conventional chemotherapy agents. In this study, we identified a novel S6K1 inhibitor, rosmarinic acid methyl ester (RAME) for the use of therapeutic agent against cervical cancer. Methods Combined structure- and ligand-based virtual screening was employed to identify novel S6K1 inhibitors among the in house natural product library. In vitro kinase assay and immunoblot assay was used to examine the effects of RAME on S6K1 signaling pathway. Lipidation of LC3 and mRNA levels of ATG genes were observed to investigate RAME-mediated autophagy. PARP cleavage, mRNA levels of apoptotic genes, and cell survival was measured to examine RAME-mediated apoptosis. Results RAME was identified as a novel S6K1 inhibitor through the virtual screening. RAME, not rosmarinic acid, effectively reduced mTOR-mediated S6K1 activation and the kinase activity of S6K1 by blocking the interaction between S6K1 and mTOR. Treatment of cervical cancer cells with RAME promoted autophagy and apoptosis, decreasing cell survival rate. Furthermore, we observed that combination treatment with RAME and cisplatin greatly enhanced the anti-tumor effect in cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer cells, which was likely due to mTOR/S6K1 inhibition-mediated autophagy and apoptosis. Conclusions Our findings suggest that inhibition of S6K1 by RAME can induce autophagy and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, and provide a potential option for cervical cancer treatment, particularly when combined with cisplatin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5997-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hong Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibeom Nam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Noh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hun Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwamok Oh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ro Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Zaal EA, Berkers CR. The Influence of Metabolism on Drug Response in Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:500. [PMID: 30456204 PMCID: PMC6230982 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic agents, either intrinsic or acquired, is currently a major problem in the treatment of cancers and occurs in virtually every type of anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding how resistance can be prevented, targeted and predicted becomes increasingly important to improve cancer therapy. In the last decade, it has become apparent that alterations in cellular metabolism are a hallmark of cancer cells and that a rewired metabolism is essential for rapid tumor growth and proliferation. Recently, metabolic alterations have been shown to play a role in the sensitivity of cancer cells to widely-used first-line chemotherapeutics. This suggests that metabolic pathways are important mediators of resistance toward anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the metabolic alterations associated with resistance toward different anticancer agents and discuss how metabolism may be exploited to overcome drug resistance to classical chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther A. Zaal
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Celia R. Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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19
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Exploiting ROS and metabolic differences to kill cisplatin resistant lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49275-49292. [PMID: 28525376 PMCID: PMC5564767 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance remains a major problem in the treatment of lung cancer. We have discovered that cisplatin resistant (CR) lung cancer cells, regardless of the signaling pathway status, share the common parameter which is an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and undergo metabolic reprogramming. CR cells were no longer addicted to the glycolytic pathway, but rather relied on oxidative metabolism. They took up twice as much glutamine and were highly sensitive to glutamine deprivation. Glutamine is hydrolyzed to glutamate for glutathione synthesis, an essential factor to abrogate high ROS via xCT antiporter. Thus, blocking glutamate flux using riluzole (an amyotropic lateral sclerosis approved drug) can selectively kill CR cells in vitro and in vivo. However, we discovered here that glutathione suppression is not the primary pathway in eradicating the CR cells. Riluzole can lead to further decrease in NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) expressions which in turn further heightened oxidative stress in CR cells. LDHA knocked-down cells became hypersensitive to riluzole treatments and possessed increased levels of ROS. Addition of NAD+ re-stabilized LDHA and reversed riluzole induced cell death. Thus far, no drugs are available which could overcome cisplatin resistance or kill cisplatin resistant cells. CR cells possess high levels of ROS and undergo metabolic reprogramming. These metabolic adaptations can be exploited and targeted by riluzole. Riluzole may serve as a dual-targeting agent by suppression LDHA and blocking xCT antiporter. Repurposing of riluzole should be considered for future treatment of cisplatin resistant lung cancer patients.
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Achkar IW, Abdulrahman N, Al-Sulaiti H, Joseph JM, Uddin S, Mraiche F. Cisplatin based therapy: the role of the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2018; 16:96. [PMID: 29642900 PMCID: PMC5896132 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of various cancers. However, treatment with cisplatin is associated with drug resistance and several adverse side effects such as nephrotoxicity, reduced immunity towards infections and hearing loss. A Combination of cisplatin with other drugs is an approach to overcome drug resistance and reduce toxicity. The combination therapy also results in increased sensitivity of cisplatin towards cancer cells. The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the cell, consisting of extracellular signal regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 kinases, and downstream mediator p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (RSK); is responsible for the regulation of various cellular events including cell survival, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell migration and protein translation. This review article demonstrates the role of MAPK pathway in cisplatin based therapy, illustrates different combination therapy involving cisplatin and also shows the importance of targeting MAPK family, particularly RSK, to achieve increased anticancer effect and overcome drug resistance when combined with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hend Al-Sulaiti
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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21
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Scesa P, Wangpaichitr M, Savaraj N, West L, Roche SP. A Kinetic Dearomatization Strategy for an Expedient Biomimetic Route to the Bielschowskysin Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Scesa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Florida Atlantic University; 777 Glades Road Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- University of Miami School of Medicine; 1475 NW 12 Ave Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- University of Miami School of Medicine; 1475 NW 12 Ave Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Lyndon West
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Florida Atlantic University; 777 Glades Road Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Stéphane P. Roche
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Florida Atlantic University; 777 Glades Road Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
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22
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Scesa P, Wangpaichitr M, Savaraj N, West L, Roche SP. A Kinetic Dearomatization Strategy for an Expedient Biomimetic Route to the Bielschowskysin Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1316-1321. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Scesa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Florida Atlantic University; 777 Glades Road Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- University of Miami School of Medicine; 1475 NW 12 Ave Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- University of Miami School of Medicine; 1475 NW 12 Ave Miami FL 33136 USA
| | - Lyndon West
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Florida Atlantic University; 777 Glades Road Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
| | - Stéphane P. Roche
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Florida Atlantic University; 777 Glades Road Boca Raton FL 33431 USA
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23
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Xiaoyu H, Yiru Y, Shuisheng S, Keyan C, Zixing Y, Shanglin C, Yuan W, Dongming C, Wangliang Z, Xudong B, Jie M. The mTOR Pathway Regulates PKM2 to Affect Glycolysis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018; 17:1533033818780063. [PMID: 29916308 PMCID: PMC6024499 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818780063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a highly prevalent cancer withpoor survival rate and prognosis. Increasing evidence suggests an important role for metabolic regulation in treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The pyruvate kinase M2 isoform is a key enzyme in the energy production process, and the upregulation of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform also plays a crucial role in gene transcription and tumorigenesis. The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway regulates an array of cellular functions, including protein synthesis, metabolism, and cell proliferation. The pyruvate kinase M2 isoform and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways both affect metabolism in cancers, and evidence also suggests that the mammalian target of rapamycin downstream transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α regulates pyruvate kinase M2 isoform. We therefore investigated the regulatory mechanism among pyruvate kinase M2 isoform, mammalian target of rapamycin, and aerobic glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, hoping to prove that mammalian target of rapamycin pathway regulates pyruvate kinase M2 isoform to affect glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was used to compare pyruvate kinase M2 isoform and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin expression in 30 human pathological esophageal squamous cell carcinoma sections and 30 nontumoral esophageal tissues. Short hairpin RNA was used to inhibit pyruvate kinase M2 isoform and activate mammalian target of rapamycin, after which we monitored changes in glucose consumption and lactate production. Finally, we determined the expression of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform and the mammalian target of rapamycin downstream transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, as well as glucose consumption and lactate production, following the modification of mammalian target of rapamycin expression. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining showed that both phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin and pyruvate kinase M2 isoform expression were higher in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma than in nontumor tissues. Glucose consumption and lactate production measurements demonstrated that altering mammalian target of rapamycin and pyruvate kinase M2 isoform levels caused corresponding changes in glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. When mammalian target of rapamycin was activated or inhibited, expression of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α as well as glycolysis were altered, indicating that mammalian target of rapamycin regulates pyruvate kinase M2 isoform via the downstream transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, thereby affecting glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway promotes aerobic glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by upregulating pyruvate kinase M2 isoform. Both proteins can serve as molecular targets for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xiaoyu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yin Yiru
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shi Shuisheng
- Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cheng Keyan
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Zixing
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cheng Shanglin
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wang Yuan
- Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cheng Dongming
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhang Wangliang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bai Xudong
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, China
| | - Ma Jie
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Schlütermann D, Skowron MA, Berleth N, Böhler P, Deitersen J, Stuhldreier F, Wallot-Hieke N, Wu W, Peter C, Hoffmann MJ, Niegisch G, Stork B. Targeting urothelial carcinoma cells by combining cisplatin with a specific inhibitor of the autophagy-inducing class III PtdIns3K complex. Urol Oncol 2017; 36:160.e1-160.e13. [PMID: 29276062 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin-based regimens are routinely employed for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma. However, therapeutic success is hampered by the primary presence of or the development of cisplatin resistance. This chemoresistance is executed by multiple cellular pathways. In recent years, the cellular process of autophagy has been identified as a prosurvival pathway of cancer cells. On the one hand, autophagy enables cancer cells to survive conditions of low oxygen or nutrient supply, frequently found in tumors. On the other hand, autophagy supports chemoresistance of cancer cells. Here, we aimed at investigating the involvement of autophagy for cisplatin resistance in different urothelial carcinoma cell lines. MATERIALS & METHODS We analyzed the expression levels of different autophagy-related proteins in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant urothelial carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, we performed cell viability assays and caspase activity assays with cells treated with cisplatin, non-specific or specific autophagy inhibitors (chloroquine, 3-methyladenine, SAR405) or combinations thereof. RESULTS We found that autophagy-related proteins are up-regulated in different cisplatin-resistant urothelial carcinoma cells compared to the sensitive parental cell lines. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy, in general, or of the autophagy-inducing class III PtdIns3K complex, in particular, sensitized both sensitive and resistant urothelial carcinoma cells to cisplatin-induced cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSION We propose that targeting the autophagic machinery might represent a suitable approach to complement or even increase cisplatin efficacy in order to overcome cisplatin resistance in urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schlütermann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margaretha A Skowron
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niklas Berleth
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philip Böhler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Deitersen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Stuhldreier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nora Wallot-Hieke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wenxian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Peter
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michèle J Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Günter Niegisch
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Aberrant Long Noncoding RNAs Expression Profiles Affect Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7498151. [PMID: 29279851 PMCID: PMC5723956 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7498151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be involved in the mechanism of cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD). However, the roles of lncRNAs in cisplatin resistance in LAD are not well understood. Methods We used a high-throughput microarray to compare the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in cisplatin resistance cell A549/DDP and cisplatin sensitive cell A549. Several candidate cisplatin resistance-associated lncRNAs were verified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Results We found that 1,543 lncRNAs and 1,713 mRNAs were differentially expressed in A549/DDP cell and A549 cell, hinting that many lncRNAs were irregular from cisplatin resistance in LAD. We also obtain the fact that 12 lncRNAs were aberrantly expressed in A549/DDP cell compared with A549 cell by quantitative PCR. Among these, UCA1 was the aberrantly expressed lncRNA and can significantly reduce the IC50 of cisplatin in A549/DDP cell after knockdown, while it can increase the IC50 of cisplatin after UCA1 was overexpressed in NCI-H1299. Conclusions We obtained patterns of irregular lncRNAs and they may play a key role in cisplatin resistance of LAD.
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current overview will summarize some of the developments in the area of protein translation, including their relation to the therapeutic targeting of prostate cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Translational control, mediated by the rate-limiting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), drives selective translation of several oncogenic proteins, thereby contributing to tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance in various cancers, including prostate cancer. As an essential regulatory hub, several oncogenic hyperactive signaling pathways appear to converge on eIF4E to promote tumorigenesis. Several approaches that target the eIF4E-dependent protein translation network are being actively studied, and it is likely that some may ultimately emerge as promising anticancer therapeutics. SUMMARY An array of inhibitors has shown promise in targeting specific components of the translational machinery in several preclinical models of prostate cancer. It is hoped that some of these approaches may ultimately have relevance in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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27
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Xu Z, Mei J, Tan Y. Baicalin attenuates DDP (cisplatin) resistance in lung cancer by downregulating MARK2 and p-Akt. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:93-100. [PMID: 27878245 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DDP (cisplatin) resistance in lung cancer has been widely reported. Baicalin is a flavone glycoside found in genus Scutellaria. However, the effects of baicalin on DDP resistance in lung cancer are unclear. The aim of present study was to investigate effects of combination of baicalin and DDP on proliferation and invasion of human lung cancer cells, and explore possible mechanisms. MTT assay was utilized to evaluate effects of baicalin and DDP on the proliferation of A549 and A549/DPP (DPP-resistant) human lung cancer cells. The probability sum method was used to determine effects of the drug combination. Transwell invasion assay was utilized to detect tumor cell invasion. The mRNA expression of MARK2 in A549 and A549/DPP cells was detected by qPCR. Protein expression of MARK2, p-Akt and Akt was detected by western blot analysis. Baicalin and DPP when used alone inhibited the proliferation of A549 and A549/DDP cells in a dose-dependent manner at 24 and 48 h. For A549 cells, baicalin (8 µg/ml) antagonized DDP (1, 2, 4 and 8 µg/ml) at 24 h. For A549/DDP cells, baicalin and DDP were additive when the concentration of DDP was 4 µg/ml at 24 h. Effects of baicalin and DDP on proliferation inhibition were additive and synergistic when concentrations of DDP were 8 and 4 µg/ml, respectively, at 48 h for both A549 and A549/DDP cells. When baicalin (8 µg/ml) and DDP (4 µg/ml) were combined, the inhibitory rate of tumor cell invasion increased markedly compared to DPP or baicalin alone groups in both A549 and A549/DDP cells. A549/DDP cells had significantly higher MARK2 mRNA levels and protein expression of MARK2 and p-Akt. Baicalin decreased MARK2 mRNA and protein expression of MARK2 and p-Akt in A549/DDP cells dose-dependently. In conclusion, baicalin and DDP were synergistic at inhibiting proliferation and invasion of human lung cancer cells at appropriate dosages and incubation time in the presence or absence of DDP resistance. The attenuation of DDP resistance was associated with downregulation of MARK2 and p-Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ju Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
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Duan S, Tsai Y, Keng P, Chen Y, Lee SO, Chen Y. IL-6 signaling contributes to cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer via the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic and DNA repair associated molecules. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27651-60. [PMID: 26313152 PMCID: PMC4695015 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is currently the most effective treatment regimen for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but eventually tumor resistance develops which limits its success. The potential implication of IL-6 signaling in the cisplatin resistance of NSCLC was explored by testing whether NSCLC cells with different levels of intracellular IL-6 show different responses to the cytotoxic treatment of cisplatin. When the cisplatin cytotoxicity of the IL-6 knocked down human NSCLC cells (A549IL-6si and H157IL-6si) were compared with their corresponding scramble control cells (A549sc and H157sc), higher cisplatin cytotoxicity was found in IL-6 si cells than sc cells. Subcutaneous xenograft mouse models were developed using a pair of A549sc and A549IL-6si cells. When the tumor grew to about 400 mm2, mice were treated with cisplatin and tumor regression was monitored. Higher tumor regression was detected in the A549IL-6si xenografts compared to A549sc xenografts following cisplatin treatment. Immunostaining study results from tumor tissues also supported this finding. Expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 and DNA repair associated molecules ATM, CHK1, TP73, p53, and ERCC1 were significantly up regulated in cisplatin-treated A549sc and H157sc cells, but no increase was detected in A549IL-6si and H157IL-6si cells. Further inhibitor studies revealed that up regulation of these molecules by IL-6 may be through activation of IL-6 downstream signaling pathways like Akt, MAPK, Stat3, and Erk. These results provide potential for combining cisplatin and inhibitors of IL-6 signaling or its downstream signaling pathway as a future therapeutic approach in preventing development of cisplatin resistant NSCLC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Peter Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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29
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Imrali A, Mao X, Yeste-Velasco M, Shamash J, Lu Y. Rapamycin inhibits prostate cancer cell growth through cyclin D1 and enhances the cytotoxic efficacy of cisplatin. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1772-1784. [PMID: 27648364 PMCID: PMC5004078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in Western men and hormone refractory cancer (HRPC) kills most of the patients. Chemo-resistance is a major obstacle for the treatment of prostate cancer. Platinum-complexes have been used to treat a number of malignancies including prostate cancer. However, it has limited effect to prostate cancer and with significant toxicity at higher doses. In recent years, increasing numbers of new agents targeting cancer specific pathways have become available and with low toxic side-effects. Rapamycin (Sirolimus) is an mTORC1 inhibitor, which inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which is commonly altered in prostate cancer. We determined the expression of cyclin D1 and phosphorylated-mTOR proteins in association with the response to rapamycin in two androgen sensitive (22RV1 and LNCaP) and two androgen independent (DU145 and PC3) prostate cancer cell lines and found that the base-line and changes of cyclin D1 level, but not the expression level of p-mTOR, correlated with rapamycin sensitivity. We evaluated the cell killing effect of combined rapamycin and cisplatin treatment and showed that the combination had a more than additive effect in both androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer cells, which may be partially explained by the reduction of cyclin D1 expression by rapamycin. We also evaluated a range of combined treatment schedules, simultaneously or sequentially and found that continuous rapamycin treatment after a short cisplatin exposure was effective. The clinical application of these findings for prostate cancer treatment should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Imrali
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Xueying Mao
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Marc Yeste-Velasco
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Jonathan Shamash
- Center for Experimental Cancer Medicine, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Yongjie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonLondon, UK
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30
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Savaraj N, Wu C, Li YY, Wangpaichitr M, You M, Bomalaski J, He W, Kuo MT, Feun LG. Targeting argininosuccinate synthetase negative melanomas using combination of arginine degrading enzyme and cisplatin. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6295-309. [PMID: 25749046 PMCID: PMC4467438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) expression in melanoma makes these tumor cells vulnerable to arginine deprivation. Pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) which degrades arginine to citrulline and ammonia has been used clinically and partial responses and stable disease have been noted with minimal toxicity. In order to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ADI-PEG20, we have combined ADI-PEG20 with a DNA damaging agent, cisplatin. We have shown that the combination of the two drugs together significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy when compared to ADI-PEG20 alone or cisplatin alone in 4 melanoma cell lines, regardless of their BRAF mutation. In-vivo study also exhibited the same effect as in-vitro with no added toxicity to either agent alone. The underlying mechanism is complex, but increased DNA damage upon arginine deprivation due to decreased DNA repair proteins, FANCD2, ATM, and CHK1/2 most likely leads to increased apoptosis. This action is further intensified by increased proapoptotic protein, NOXA, and decreased antiapoptotic proteins, SURVIVIN, BCL2 and XIAP. The autophagic process which protects cells from apoptosis upon ADI-PEG20 treatment also dampens upon cisplatin administration. Thus, the combination of arginine deprivation and cisplatin function in concert to kill tumor cells which do not express ASS without added toxicity to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niramol Savaraj
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chunjing Wu
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Medhi Wangpaichitr
- Miami VA Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Min You
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Wei He
- Polaris Group, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Macus Tien Kuo
- Departments of Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lynn G Feun
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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31
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Abstract
The translation initiation factor eIF4E mediates a rate-limiting process that drives selective translation of many oncongenic proteins such as cyclin D1, survivin and VEGF, thereby contributing to tumour growth, metastasis and therapy resistance. As an essential regulatory hub in cancer signalling network, many oncogenic signalling pathways appear to converge on eIF4E. Therefore, targeting eIF4E-mediated cap-dependent translation is considered a promising anticancer strategy. This paper reviews the strategies that can be used to target eIF4E, highlighting agents that target eIF4E activity at each distinct level.
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32
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Malley CO, Pidgeon GP. The mTOR pathway in obesity driven gastrointestinal cancers: Potential targets and clinical trials. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 5:29-40. [PMID: 27051587 PMCID: PMC4802403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial point of convergence between growth factor signalling, metabolism, nutrient status and cellular proliferation. The mTOR pathway is heavily implicated in the progression of many cancers and is emerging as an important driver of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Due to its central role in adapting metabolism to environmental conditions, mTOR signalling is also believed to be critical in the development of obesity. Recent research has delineated that excessive nutrient intake can promote signalling through the mTOR pathway and possibly evoke changes to cellular metabolism that could accelerate obesity related cancers. Acting through its two effector complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, mTOR dictates the transcription of genes important in glycolysis, lipogenesis, protein translation and synthesis and has recently been defined as a central mediator of the Warburg effect in cancer cells. Activation of the mTOR pathway is involved in both the pathogenesis of GI malignancies and development of resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The use of mTOR inhibitors is a promising therapeutic option in many GI malignancies, with greatest clinical efficacy seen in combination regimens. Recent research has also provided insight into crosstalk between mTOR and other pathways which could potentially expand the list of therapeutic targets in the mTOR pathway. Here we review the available strategies for targeting the mTOR pathway in GI cancers. We discuss current clinical trials of both established and novel mTOR inhibitors, with particular focus on combinations of these drugs with conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian O Malley
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Graham P Pidgeon
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) representing the most aggressive subtype. Standard treatments have not changed in decades, and the 5-year survival rate has remained <7%. Genomic analyses have identified key driver mutations of SCLC that were subsequently validated in animal models of SCLC. To provide better treatment options, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SCLC initiation, progression, metastasis, and acquisition of resistance is required. In this review, we describe the genetic landscape of SCLC, features of the cell of origin, and targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Semenova
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Nagel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Berns
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Aldonza MBD, Hong JY, Bae SY, Song J, Kim WK, Oh J, Shin Y, Lee SH, Lee SK. Suppression of MAPK Signaling and Reversal of mTOR-Dependent MDR1-Associated Multidrug Resistance by 21α-Methylmelianodiol in Lung Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127841. [PMID: 26098947 PMCID: PMC4476707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and remains the most prevalent. Interplay between PI3K/AMPK/AKT and MAPK pathways is a crucial effector in lung cancer growth and progression. These signals transduction protein kinases serve as good therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which comprises up to 90% of lung cancers. Here, we described whether 21α-Methylmelianodiol (21α-MMD), an active triterpenoid derivative of Poncirus trifoliate, can display anticancer properties by regulating these signals and modulate the occurrence of multidrug resistance in NSCLC cells. We found that 21α-MMD inhibited the growth and colony formation of lung cancer cells without affecting the normal lung cell phenotype. 21α-MMD also abrogated the metastatic activity of lung cancer cells through the inhibition of cell migration and invasion, and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest with increased intracellular ROS generation and loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity. 21α-MMD regulated the expressions of PI3K/AKT/AMPK and MAPK signaling which drove us to further evaluate its activity on multidrug resistance (MDR) in lung cancer cells by specifying on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)/MDR1-association. Employing the established paclitaxel-resistant A549 cells (A549-PacR), we further found that 21α-MMD induced a MDR reversal activity through the inhibition of P-gp/MDR1 expressions, function, and transcription with regained paclitaxel sensitivity which might dependently correlate to the regulation of PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings demonstrate, for the first time, the mechanistic evaluation in vitro of 21α-MMD displaying growth-inhibiting potential with influence on MDR reversal in human lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji-Young Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Yi Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jayoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jedo Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonho Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Moon DG, Lee SE, Oh MM, Lee SC, Jeong SJ, Hong SK, Yoon CY, Byun SS, Park HS, Cheon J. NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor synergistically potentiates the antitumor effects of cisplatin in bladder cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1027-35. [PMID: 24969552 PMCID: PMC4121414 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is a prototypic survival pathway and constitutively activated in many malignant conditions. Moreover, activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway confers resistance to various cancer therapies and is often associated with a poor prognosis. In this study, we explored the antitumor effect of NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor in cisplatin-resistant human bladder cancer cells and its synergistic interaction with cisplatin. A human bladder cancer cell line with cisplatin resistance was exposed to escalating doses of NVP-BEZ235 alone or in combination with cisplatin and antitumor effects was determined by the CCK-8 assay. Based on a dose-response study, synergistic interaction between NVP-BEZ235 and cisplatin was evaluated by combination index (CI), three-dimensional model and clonogenic assay. The combination of NVP-BEZ235 and cisplatin caused significant synergistic antitumor effect in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells over a wide dose range and reduced the IC50 of NVP-BEZ235 and cisplatin by 5.6- and 3.6-fold, respectively. Three-dimensional synergy analysis resulted in a synergy volume of 388.25 μM/ml2% indicating a strong synergistic effect of combination therapy. The combination therapy caused cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Although NVP-BEZ235 suppressed PI3K/mTOR signaling without any paradoxical induction of Akt activity, it caused MEK/ERK pathway activation. The present study demonstrated that the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 can synergistically potentiate the antitumor effects of cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells though the suppression of cell cycle progression and the survival pathway as well as induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du G Moon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang E Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi‑do, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi M Oh
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang C Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi‑do, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong J Jeong
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi‑do, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung K Hong
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi‑do, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Y Yoon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok S Byun
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi‑do, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong S Park
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Cheon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Synergistic effects of eukaryotic coexpression plasmid carrying LKB1 and FUS1 genes on lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:895-907. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Maute L, Grünwald V, Weikert S, Kube U, Gauler T, Kahl C, Burkholder I, Bergmann L. Therapy of mRCC beyond mTOR-inhibition in clinical practice: results of a retrospective analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:823-7. [PMID: 24556802 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal tumor and accounts for nearly 3 % of adult cancers. In the recent years, seven new targeted agents have been approved changing the treatment in metastatic RCC dramatically. So far, however, it remains unclear which sequence is best for those patients. This study analyzed retrospectively the outcome of patients treated with everolimus after failure of a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-directed therapy and which therapies were used after everolimus. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a retrospective analysis, patients receiving everolimus after failure of first-line VEGFR-directed therapy have been analyzed in regard to response, duration of treatment and subsequent therapies. In total, the data of 81 patients have been analyzed. RESULTS The most observed first-line therapy was sunitinib followed by sorafenib. Thirty-two patients received everolimus as second-line therapy, and 49 as third-line therapy. The median duration of treatment with everolimus was 4.5 months. Seventy-seven of eighty-one patients (95 %) received a further therapy after discontinuation of everolimus. The agents administered beyond were sunitinib (28.6 %), sorafenib (28.6 %) and 42.8 % received other therapies. Twenty-seven patients received an additional sequence of therapy (fourth to fifth line). Fifty-eight percentage of patients have still been alive at time of analysis. CONCLUSION The duration of everolimus therapy beyond failure of anti-VEGF-directed therapy and the reported time to progression was in the range of the RECORD-1 trial in daily practice as well. After failure of everolimus, reexposure to tyrosine kinase inhibitors is a common clinical practice and demonstrates a clinical benefit of therapies beyond everolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Maute
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology and Oncology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
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Bergmann L, Maute L, Guschmann M. Temsirolimus for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013; 14:9-21. [PMID: 24313573 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.864562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) represent one of the ten leading cancer entities with an increasing incidence especially in the western world. Unfortunately, about 25% of the patients develop metastatic RCC (mRCC) associated with a most unfavorable prognosis. In the recent years, various new agents targeting VEGF or VEGF receptor (VEGFR) or the mTOR pathway have been approved for the treatment of mRCC with significant prolongation of progression-free survival and, in part, of overall survival (OS). Targeting the mTOR kinase is an interesting option for mRCC. Temsirolimus, one of the available mTOR inhibitors, has been approved as a single agent in poor-risk mRCC patients based on the pivotal Phase III trial showing a significant superiority in OS versus IFN-α or temsirolimus + IFN-α, which has been verified by a pivotal Phase III trial. The benefit has been shown for clear cell carcinoma and papillary RCC as well. For poor prognosis patients, temsirolimus improves median survival by 3.6 months. In second-line treatment compared with sorafenib following first-line treatment with sunitinib temsirolimus showed a relative progression-free survival benefit for patients with nonclear cell RCC with temsirolimus. The median OS for the temsirolimus group was 12.27 and 16.64 months for the sorafenib group. In 2007, the US FDA granted approval for temsirolimus for the treatment of advanced RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Bergmann
- Medizinische Klinik II, J.W. Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Pendleton KP, Grandis JR. Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy Options for Recurrent and/or Metastatic Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2013. [PMID: 24273416 DOI: 10.4137/cmt.s10409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) is a devastating malignancy with a poor prognosis. Treatment is limited to chemotherapeutic approaches. Cisplatin is an established and effective treatment for R/M HNSCC, and many studies have investigated cisplatin treatment in combination with other agents. Even when being treated with first line therapy (cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil + cetuximab), overall survival is only 10 months, indicating the need for novel chemotherapeutics and treatment regimens. Current research is focused on molecular targeting therapies inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, and vascular endothelial growth factor pathways. A variety of clinical trials have been completed and are currently underway with encouraging results. Finally, future directions of cisplatin-based R/M HNSCC treatment may include targeting specific pathways known to induce cisplatin resistance, such as nucleotide excision repair and inhibition of apoptosis, in hopes to enhance response to cisplatin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey P Pendleton
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Otolaryngology, Eye and Ear Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
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40
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Li JR, Cheng CL, Yang CR, Ou YC, Wu MJ, Ko JL. Dual inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin NVP-BEZ235 effectively inhibits cisplatin-resistant urothelial cancer cell growth through autophagic flux. Toxicol Lett 2013; 220:267-76. [PMID: 23651616 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapeutically induced autophagic cell death has been proven to be effective in cases of solid tumors. The dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 possesses antitumor activity against solid tumors. Inhibition of mTOR has been shown to elicit autophagy. In this study, we examined the antiproliferation and autophagic activities of NVP-BEZ235 in parental and cisplatin-resistant urothelial carcinoma (UC) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two UC cell lines, NTUB1 and a cisplatin-resistant subline N/P(14), were applied to examine the cytotoxic effect of NVP-BEZ-235. The cell death mechanism was also evaluated. RESULTS NVP-BEZ235 was effective in inhibiting the growth of UC cells including parental and cisplatin-resistant cells on flow cytometry assay and Western blot. Although NVP-BEZ235 did not induce LC3-II conversion, it did elicit acidic vesicular organelle (AVO) development on flow cytometry. On Western blot, NVP-BEZ235 decreased p62 and phospho-Rb expressions in a concentration-dependent manner. GFP-LC3 conversion and the appearance of cleaved-GFP following NVP-BEZ235 treatment were demonstrated on Western blot. In addition, lysosomotropic inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine (CQ), an agent that is currently in clinical use and a known antagonist of autophagy, resulted in proliferation of UC cells. Thus, inhibition of autophagic flux by CQ appears to be a survival mechanism that counteracts the anticancer effects of NVP-BEZ235. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that NVP-BEZ235 inhibits UC cell proliferation by activating autophagic flux and cell cycle arrest, but does not induce apoptotic cell death. Our findings suggest that the anticancer efficacy of NVP-BEZ235 is due to autophagic flux and co-treatment with CQ counteracts the cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-ri Li
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan
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Li D, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Xiang J, Zhu Y, Yang J. Enhanced tumor suppression by adenoviral PTEN gene therapy combined with cisplatin chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:251-9. [PMID: 23470565 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
DNA-damaging anticancer drug cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) (DDP)-based chemotherapy is the mainstay and standard treatment for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, frequent relapse and chemoresistance of SCLC remains a significant therapeutic hurdle. Tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) as a negative regulator of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT survival pathway exhibits strong tumor-suppressive activities. A combination of chemotherapy and gene therapy (chemogene therapy) is a promising practice in cancer therapy. In this report, we examined the combined antitumor effect of adenovirus-mediated PTEN (AdVPTEN) gene therapy and DDP chemotherapy on PTEN-null NCI-H446 human SCLC cells in vitro and in vivo in athymic BALB/c nude mice. We demonstrated that AdVPTEN plus DDP enhanced growth suppression, cell-cycle G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in in vitro NCI-H446 tumor cells and in vivo NCI-H446 xenografted tumors subcutaneously inoculated in nude mice. Mechanistically, AdVPTEN plus DDP exerted an overlapping effect on upregulation of P53, P21, P27, Bax and Cleaved Caspase-3 as well as downregulation of Bcl-2 and survivin in in vitro and in vivo NCI-H446 tumor cells. Moreover, AdVPTEN plus DDP additively reduced tumor vessel CD34 expression and microvessel density in vivo. The enhanced therapeutic efficacy elicited by AdVPTEN plus DDP was closely associated with additive induction of G1 phase arrest and apoptosis via substantially modulating cell-cycle regulation molecules and activating intrinsic apoptotic pathway through P53 restoration, and overlapping inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Thus, our results indicated that AdVPTEN combined with DDP may be a novel and effective chemogene therapy modality for human SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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42
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Fury MG, Sherman E, Ho AL, Xiao H, Tsai F, Nwankwo O, Sima C, Heguy A, Katabi N, Haque S, Pfister DG. A phase 1 study of everolimus plus docetaxel plus cisplatin as induction chemotherapy for patients with locally and/or regionally advanced head and neck cancer. Cancer 2013; 119:1823-31. [PMID: 23408298 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is common in head and neck cancers, and it has been demonstrated that inhibition of mTOR complex 1 sensitizes cell lines to platinum and taxane chemotherapy. The authors conducted a phase 1 study to evaluate the addition of oral everolimus to cisplatin and docetaxel as induction chemotherapy for head and neck cancer. METHODS In this single-institution phase 1 study, 3 doses of daily everolimus were explored: 5 mg daily, 7.5 mg daily (administered as 5 mg daily alternating with 10 mg daily), and 10 mg daily of each 21-day cycle. Cisplatin and docetaxel doses were fixed (both were 75 mg/m(2) on day 1 of 21-day cycle) at each dose level with pegfilgrastim support. A standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation plan was used. After induction, patients were removed from protocol. RESULTS Eighteen patients were enrolled (15 men, 3 women), and their median Karnofsky performance status was 90. The most common toxicities were hyperglycemia, low hemoglobin, fatigue, and thrombocytopenia. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were neutropenic fever (1 event at dose level 2, 2 events at dose level 3), and all patients recovered fully from these DLTs. The maximum tolerated dose was exceeded at dose level 3. The progression-free survival rate at 1 year was 87.5% (95% confidence interval, 56.8%-96.7%); and, at 2 years, it was 76.6% (95% confidence interval, 41.2%-92.3%). Activating PI3K catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA) gene mutations were identified in 2 human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancers. CONCLUSIONS The phase 2 recommended dose was 7.5 mg daily for everolimus plus cisplatin and docetaxel (both at 75 mg/m(2) on day 1 of a 21-day cycle) given with pegfilgrastim support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Fury
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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43
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Cagle PT, Allen TC. Lung cancer genotype-based therapy and predictive biomarkers: present and future. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013. [PMID: 23194040 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0508-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The advent of genotype-based therapy and predictive biomarkers for lung cancer has thrust the pathologist into the front lines of precision medicine for this deadly disease. OBJECTIVE To provide the clinical background, current status, and future perspectives of molecular targeted therapy for lung cancer patients, including the pivotal participation of the pathologist. DATA SOURCES Data were obtained from review of the pertinent peer-reviewed literature. CONCLUSIONS First-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors have produced clinical response in a limited number of non-small cell lung cancers demonstrated to have activating mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor or anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements with fusion partners. Patients treated with first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors develop acquired resistance to their therapy. Ongoing investigations of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors and new druggable targets as well as the development of next-generation genotyping and new antibodies for immunohistochemistry promise to significantly expand the pathologist's already crucial role in precision medicine of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Cagle
- Department of Pathology & Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
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44
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Effect of combination of rapamycin and cisplatin on human cervical carcinoma Hela cells. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2013; 16:512-5. [PMID: 23788937 PMCID: PMC3687477 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2012.32483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study To evaluate the effect of combined use of rapamycin and cisplatin against Hela cells in vitro. Material and methods The inhibitory effects of rapamycin and cisplatin, used alone or combination, on the proliferation of Hela cell were measured with MTT assay and median-effect plot analysis. Results Combined use of rapamycin and cisplatin significantly improved the chemotherapeutic effect against Hela cells. The inhibitory rates were dose-dependent. Rapamycin and cisplatin showed synergistic effects in the chemotherapy of Hela cells (q > 1.15, King's formula). Conclusions Combined use of rapamycin and cisplatin significantly improves the chemotherapeutic effect against Hela cells.
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45
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Enhanced Antitumor Activity with Combining Effect of mTOR Inhibition and Microtubule Stabilization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Hepatol 2013; 2013:103830. [PMID: 23509629 PMCID: PMC3590758 DOI: 10.1155/2013/103830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the microtubules are shown to be potential targets for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation is associated with resistance to microtubule inhibitors. Here, we evaluated the antitumor activity by cotargeting of the mTOR (using allosteric mTOR inhibitor everolimus) and the microtubules (using novel microtubule-stabilizing agent patupilone) in HCC models. In vitro studies showed that either targeting mTOR signaling with everolimus or targeting microtubules with patupilone was able to suppress HCC cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Cotargeting of the mTOR (by everolimus) and the microtubules (by patupilone, at low nM) resulted in enhanced growth inhibition in HCC cells (achieving maximal growth inhibition of 60-87%), demonstrating potent antitumor activity of this combination. In vivo studies showed that everolimus treatment alone for two weeks was able to inhibit the growth of Hep3B xenografts. Strikingly, the everolimus/patupilone combination induced a more significant antitumor activity. Mechanistic study demonstrated that this enhanced antitumor effect was accompanied by marked cell apoptosis induction and antiangiogenic activity, which were more significant than single-agent treatments. Our findings demonstrated that the everolimus/patupilone combination, which had potent antitumor activity, was a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Gaikwad SM, Ray P. Non-invasive imaging of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling in cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 2:418-431. [PMID: 23145359 PMCID: PMC3484421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Platinum based drugs are widely used to treat various types of cancers by inducing DNA damage mediated cytotoxicity. However, acquirement of chemoresistance towards platinum based drugs is a common phenomenon and a major hurdle in combating the relapse of the disease. Oncogenesis and chemoresistance are multifactorial maladies which often involve deregulation of one of the prime cell survival pathways, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling cascade. The genetic alterations related to this pathway are often responsible for initiation and/or maintenance of carcinogenesis. Molecular components of this pathway are long being recognized as major targets for therapeutic intervention and are now also have emerged as potential tools for diagnosis of cancer. To develop novel therapeutics against the key molecules of PI3K pathway, stringent validation is required using both in-vitro and in-vivo models. Repetitive and non-invasive molecular imaging techniques, a relatively recent field in biomedical imaging hold great promises for monitoring such diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we first introduced the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and its role in acquirement of chemoresistance in various cancers. Further we described how non-invasive molecular imaging approaches are sought to use this PI3K signalling axis for the therapeutics and diagnosis. A theranostic approach using various imaging modalities should be the future of PI3K signalling based drug development venture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal M Gaikwad
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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47
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Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions as a key regulatory protein in normal cell growth, survival, metabolism, development, and angiogenic pathways. Deregulation of these processes is a required hallmark of cancer, and dysregulation of mTOR signaling frequently occurs in a wide variety of malignancies, including lung cancer. Targeting of mTOR is thus an attractive strategy in the development of therapeutic agents against lung cancer. In this review, the mTOR-signaling pathway is described, highlighting opportunities for therapeutic intervention and biomarker analysis, and clinical trials in lung cancer including both non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The p70 S6 kinase (p70(S6K)) is frequently active in ovarian and a wide range of cancer types, and it has a crucial role in several processes considered hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, blocking p70(S6K) expression or activity may present a promising strategy for anticancer treatment. AREAS COVERED The current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern p70(S6K) regulation as well as its tumorigenic effects, which are involved in the initiation and progression in ovarian cancer, in particular the emerging new role of p70(S6K) in cell migration, which is a prerequisite of tumor metastasis. The p70(S6K) cellular substrates and/or interacting proteins. The current state of drugs that target this kinase, either alone or in combination with other targeted agents. EXPERT OPINION Targeting p70(S6K) through the use of small-molecule inhibitors, microRNAs and natural compounds may represent a beneficial new avenue for cancer therapy and opens new areas of investigation in p70(S6K) biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carman K M Ip
- University of Hong Kong, School of Biological Sciences, 4S-14 Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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49
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Wangpaichitr M, Theodoropoulos G, Wu C, You M, Feun LG, Kuo MT, Savaraj N. The relationship of thioredoxin-1 and cisplatin resistance: its impact on ROS and oxidative metabolism in lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:604-15. [PMID: 22248473 PMCID: PMC3326609 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells remains a major obstacle. We have shown that cisplatin-resistant tumors have higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and can be exploited for targeted therapy. Here, we show that increased secretion of the antioxidant thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) resulted in lowered intracellular TRX1 and contributed to higher ROS in cisplatin-resistant tumors in vivo and in vitro. By reconstituting TRX1 protein in cisplatin-resistant cells, we increased sensitivity to cisplatin but decreased sensitivity to elesclomol (ROS inducer). Conversely, decreased TRX1 protein in parental cells reduced the sensitivity to cisplatin but increased sensitivity to elesclomol. Cisplatin-resistant cells had increased endogenous oxygen consumption and mitochondrial activity but decreased lactic acid production. They also exhibited higher levels of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) and fumarase mRNA, which contributed to oxidative metabolism (OXMET) when compared with parental cells. Restoring intracellular TRX1 protein in cisplatin-resistant cells resulted in lowering ASS and fumarase mRNAs, which in turn sensitized them to arginine deprivation. Interestingly, cisplatin-resistant cells also had significantly higher basal levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Overexpressing TRX1 lowered ACC and FAS proteins expressions in cisplatin-resistant cells. Chemical inhibition and short interfering RNA of ACC resulted in significant cell death in cisplatin-resistant compared with parental cells. Conversely, TRX1 overexpressed cisplatin-resistant cells resisted 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid (TOFA)-induced death. Collectively, lowering TRX1 expression through increased secretion leads cisplatin-resistant cells to higher ROS production and increased dependency on OXMET. These changes raise an intriguing therapeutic potential for future therapy in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunjing Wu
- Department of Veterans Affairs, South Florida VA Foundation, Miami, FL
| | - Min You
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Lynn G. Feun
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Macus T. Kuo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Niramol Savaraj
- Department of Veterans Affairs, South Florida VA Foundation, Miami, FL
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Li ZH, Qiu MZ, Zeng ZL, Luo HY, Wu WJ, Wang F, Wang ZQ, Zhang DS, Li YH, Xu RH. Copper-transporting P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATP7A) is associated with platinum-resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Transl Med 2012; 10:21. [PMID: 22304828 PMCID: PMC3296618 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copper export protein ATP7A is important for maintaining copper homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that copper transporters are also involved in the transport of platinum. The goal of this study was to determine the role of ATP7A in the platinum-resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Sensitivities to platinums were detected by MTT assay and drug-resistance related genes were analyzed by real-time PCR and immunoblotting between DDP-sensitive A549 and the corresponding DDP-resistant cell subline (A549/DDP). ATP7A expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues of unresectable NSCLC patients who received cisplatin-basing chemotherapy. Results The expression of ATP7A was significantly higher in A549/DDP cell subline than in A549 cells at both mRNA and protein levels. The silencing of ATP7A expression in A549/DDP by siRNA partially reversed DDP-resistance (29.62%) and increased cell apoptosis. ATP7A expression was detected in 41.6%of NSCLC patients, but not in adjacent stroma nor normal lung tissues. ATP7A-positive patients had a significantly poorer histological grade (p = 0.039) and poorer response to platinum-basing chemotherapy (p = 0.001) compared with ATP7A-negative patients. Cox's proportional hazards analysis showed that ATP7A expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (p = 0.045). Conclusions ATP7A overexpression played an important role in platinum-resistance of NSCLC, and was a negative prognostic factor of NSCLC patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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