1
|
Bhattacharjee P, Paul S, Bhattacharjee P. Understanding the mechanistic insight of arsenic exposure and decoding the histone cipher. Toxicology 2020; 430:152340. [PMID: 31805316 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of heritable epigenetic changes in arsenic exposure has intensified over the last decade. Groundwater arsenic contamination causes a great threat to humans and, to date, no accurate measure has been formulated for remediation. The fascinating possibilities of epi-therapeutics identify the need for an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the epigenetic landscape. OBJECTIVE In this comprehensive review, we have set to analyze major studies pertaining to histone post-translational modifications in arsenic-mediated disease development and carcinogenesis during last ten years (2008-2018). RESULTS The role of the specific histone marks in arsenic toxicity has been detailed. A comprehensive list that includes major arsenic-induced histone modifications identified for the last 10 years has been documented and details of different states of arsenic, organisms, exposure type, study platform, and findings were provided. An arsenic signature panel was suggested to help in early prognosis. An attempt has been made to identify the grey areas of research. PROSPECTS Future prospective multi-target analyses of the inter-molecular crosstalk among different histone marks are needed to be explored further in order to understand the mechanism of arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity and to confirm the suitability of these epi-marks as prognostic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India; Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Somnath Paul
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong J, Wang JQ, Qian Q, Li GC, Yang DQ, Jiang C. Micronucleus assay for monitoring the genotoxic effects of arsenic in human populations: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 780:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
3
|
The frequencies of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds as biomarkers of genomic instability in patients with urothelial cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17873. [PMID: 30552338 PMCID: PMC6294807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) is an increasingly prevalent cancer worldwide, and thus, gaining a better understanding of its identifiable risk factors is a global priority. This study addressed this public health need with the understanding that cancer-initiating events, such as chromosome breakage, loss and rearrangement, can be reasonably used as biomarkers to evaluate an individual’s cancer risk. Overall, forty bladder cancer patients and twenty controls were evaluated for genomic instability. To the best of the investigators’ knowledge, this is the first study to perform micronucleus (MN) assays simultaneously in urothelial exfoliated cells (UEC), buccal exfoliated cells (BEC), and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in first-diagnosed, non-smoker bladder UCC patients. Additionally, the frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) in PBL was evaluated. The MN frequencies in UEC, BEC, and PBL, as well as the frequencies of NPBs and NBUDs, were significantly higher in patients than in controls. In conclusion, MN assays, particularly in UEC, may be used to identify individuals who are at high risk of developing UCC, as single or as additional triage test to UroVysion FISH test. Our results further validate the efficacy of biomarkers, such as MN, NPBs, and NBUDs, as predictors of genomic instability.
Collapse
|
4
|
Roy JS, Chatterjee D, Das N, Giri AK. Substantial Evidences Indicate That Inorganic Arsenic Is a Genotoxic Carcinogen: a Review. Toxicol Res 2018; 34:311-324. [PMID: 30370006 PMCID: PMC6195883 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2018.34.4.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is one of the most toxic environmental toxicants. More than 150 million people worldwide are exposed to arsenic through ground water contamination. It is an exclusive human carcinogen. Although the hallmarks of arsenic toxicity are skin lesions and skin cancers, arsenic can also induce cancers in the lung, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, and other internal organs. Arsenic is a non-mutagenic compound but can induce significant cytogenetic damage as measured by chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and micronuclei formation in human systems. These genotoxic end points are extensively used to predict genotoxic potentials of different environmental chemicals, drugs, pesticides, and insecticides. These cytogenetic end points are also used for evaluating cancer risk. Here, by critically reviewing and analyzing the existing literature, we conclude that inorganic arsenic is a genotoxic carcinogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinia Sinha Roy
- Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Debmita Chatterjee
- Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Nandana Das
- Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashok K Giri
- Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ojo OA, Ojo AB, Awoyinka O, Ajiboye BO, Oyinloye BE, Osukoya OA, Olayide II, Ibitayo A. Aqueous extract of Carica papaya Linn. roots potentially attenuates arsenic induced biochemical and genotoxic effects in Wistar rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 8:324-334. [PMID: 29736388 PMCID: PMC5934704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In Africa, the fruit, leaf, seed and roots of Carica papaya Linn. are generally used to treat a variety of diseases such as malaria, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the protective potentials of aqueous extract of C. papaya roots on arsenic-induced biochemical and genotoxic effects in Wistar rats. Rats were induced intraperitoneal with sodium arsenate (dissolved in distilled water at 3 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days and the animals were administered simultaneously with 200 mg/kg body weight vitamin C, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight of the C. papaya Linn. root aqueous extract once daily for three weeks. Results obtained reveals that activities of plasma 8-OHdG, serum lipids concentration, atherogenic index (AI), coronary artery index (CRI), aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin levels were elevated significantly (p < 0.05) and catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, plasma hematological profile were progressively reduced (p < 0.05) in arsenic-alone exposed rats. Significant increase in the quantity of chromosomal aberrations (CA), micronuclei (MN) frequency, oxidative damages in the bone marrow cells from arsenic alone rats was observed. Though, mitotic index scores in these cells were progressively reduced (p < 0.05). In animals administered with aqueous extract of C. papaya roots and vitamin C, the altered parameters were significantly recovered towards the levels observed in normal control rats. These results suggest that aqueous C. papaya roots preparations might have therapeutic potential as a supplement that can be applied in arsenic poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
| | - Adebola Busola Ojo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka Awoyinka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi Adetutu Osukoya
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Israel Idowu Olayide
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Ibitayo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh B, Kulawiec M, Owens KM, Singh A, Singh KK. Sustained Early Disruption of Mitochondrial Function Contributes to Arsenic-Induced Prostate Tumorigenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1089-1100. [PMID: 27908234 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen that affects millions of people worldwide, but the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis are unclear. Several epidemiological studies have suggested increased prostate cancer incidence and mortality due to exposure to arsenic. Due to lack of an animal model of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, we used a prostate epithelial cell culture model to identify a role for mitochondria in arsenic-induced prostate cancer. Mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential was impacted within a few hours of arsenic exposure of non-neoplastic prostate epithelial cells. Chronic arsenic treatment induced mutations in mitochondrial genes and altered mitochondrial functions. Human non-neoplastic prostate epithelial cells continuously cultured for seven months in the presence of 5 µM arsenite showed tumorigenic properties in vitro and induced tumors in SCID mice, which indicated transformation of these cells. Protein and mRNA expression of subunits of mtOXPHOS complex I were decreased in arsenic-transformed cells. Alterations in complex I, a main site for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as increased expression of ROS-producing NOX4 in arsenic-transformed cells suggested a role of oxidative stress in tumorigenic transformation of prostate epithelial cells. Whole genome cGH array analyses of arsenic-transformed prostate cells identified extensive genomic instability. Our study revealed mitochondrial dysfunction induced oxidative stress and decreased expression of p53 in arsenic-transformed cells as an underlying mechanism of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomic instability. These studies suggest that early changes in mitochondrial functions are sustained during prolong arsenic exposure. Overall, our study provides evidence that arsenic disruption of mitochondrial function is an early and key step in tumorigenic transformation of prostate epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Singh
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Genetics, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cohen SM, Chowdhury A, Arnold LL. Inorganic arsenic: A non-genotoxic carcinogen. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:28-37. [PMID: 28007178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic induces a variety of toxicities including cancer. The mode of action for cancer and non-cancer effects involves the metabolic generation of trivalent arsenicals and their reaction with sulfhydryl groups within critical proteins in various cell types which leads to the biological response. In epithelial cells, the response is cell death with consequent regenerative proliferation. If this continues for a long period of time, it can result in an increased risk of cancer. Arsenicals do not react with DNA. There is evidence for indirect genotoxicity in various in vitro and in vivo systems, but these involve exposures at cytotoxic concentrations and are not the basis for cancer development. The resulting markers of genotoxicity could readily be due to the cytotoxicity rather than an effect on the DNA itself. Evidence for genotoxicity in humans has involved detection of chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes and micronucleus formation in lymphocytes, buccal mucosal cells, and exfoliated urothelial cells in the urine. Numerous difficulties have been identified in the interpretation of such results, including inadequate assessment of exposure to arsenic, measurement of micronuclei, and potential confounding factors such as tobacco exposure, folate deficiency, and others. Overall, the data strongly supports a non-linear dose response for the effects of inorganic arsenic. In various in vitro and in vivo models and in human epidemiology studies there appears to be a threshold for biological responses, including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3135, USA.
| | - Aparajita Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3135, USA
| | - Lora L Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3135, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dutta S, Bahadur M. Cytogenetic analysis of micronuclei and cell death parameters in epithelial cells of pesticide exposed tea garden workers. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:627-634. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1230917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
9
|
Association of single nucleotide polymorphism with arsenic-induced skin lesions and genetic damage in exposed population of West Bengal, India. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 809:50-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
Arsenic is an enigmatic xenobiotic that causes a multitude of chronic diseases including cancer and also is a therapeutic with promise in cancer treatment. Arsenic causes mitotic delay and induces aneuploidy in diploid human cells. In contrast, arsenic causes mitotic arrest followed by an apoptotic death in a multitude of virally transformed cells and cancer cells. We have explored the hypothesis that these differential effects of arsenic exposure are related by arsenic disruption of mitosis and are differentiated by the target cell's ability to regulate or modify cell cycle checkpoints. Functional p53/CDKN1A axis has been shown to mitigate the mitotic block and to be essential to induction of aneuploidy. More recent preliminary data suggest that microRNA modulation of chromatid cohesion also may play a role in escape from mitotic block and in generation of chromosomal instability. Other recent studies suggest that arsenic may be useful in treatment of solid tumors when used in combination with other cytotoxic agents such as cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock St, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kalaev VN, Artyukhov VG, Nechaeva MS. Micronucleus test of human oral cavity buccal epithelium: Problems, achievement, perspectives. CYTOL GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452714060061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Hsu CK, Chen YC, Yang WL, Hsu KF, Chao SC, Lee JYY. Bowen's disease with features resembling myrmecia wart. J Dermatol 2014; 42:90-3. [PMID: 25387725 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the clinical and pathological findings of two cases of Bowen's disease (BD) with features resembling myrmecia wart, and tried to find evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in such lesions by immunohistological staining, genotyping systems, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electron microscopy. Both cases manifested unique barnacle-like hyperkeratotic nodules or plaques clinically, and microscopically proliferation of atypical keratinocytes involving the entire thickness of the epidermis, hypergranulosis with eosinophilic and/or basophilic inclusion bodies, features that mimicked myrmecia wart. Electron microscopy revealed myrmecia inclusion-like large intranuclear and cytoplasmic electron-dense bodies. Immunohistological staining with anti-HPV antibody, genotyping systems for HPV infection and specific PCR designed to detect HPV-1 L1 sequences failed to detect evidence of HPV infection. P16(INK4a) was overexpressed in the atypical keratinocytes of both cases. This finding suggests that the pathogenesis of these two BD may involve certain unknown or undetectable HPV, or reflect disturbances of the Rb signaling pathway unrelated to HPV infection. The unique "myrmecioid" clinicopathological features in our cases suggest that this type of lesion may be a new variant of BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; International Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Xie H, Huang S, Martin S, Wise JP. Arsenic is cytotoxic and genotoxic to primary human lung cells. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 760:33-41. [PMID: 24291234 PMCID: PMC3928068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic originates from both geochemical and numerous anthropogenic activities. Exposure of the general public to significant levels of arsenic is widespread. Arsenic is a well-documented human carcinogen. Long-term exposure to high levels of arsenic in drinking water has been linked to bladder, lung, kidney, liver, prostate, and skin cancers. Among them, lung cancer is of great public concern. However, little is known about how arsenic causes lung cancer and few studies have considered effects in normal human lung cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of arsenic in human primary bronchial fibroblast and epithelial cells. Our data show that arsenic induces a concentration-dependent decrease in cell survival after short (24h) or long (120h) exposures. Arsenic induces concentration-dependent but not time-dependent increases in chromosome damage in fibroblasts. No chromosome damage is induced after either 24h or 120h arsenic exposure in epithelial cells. Using neutral comet assay and gamma-H2A.X foci forming assay, we found that 24h or 120h exposure to arsenic induces increases in DNA double strand breaks in both cell lines. These data indicate that arsenic is cytotoxic and genotoxic to human lung primary cells but lung fibroblasts are more sensitive to arsenic than epithelial cells. Further research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms involved in arsenic-induced genotoxicity in human lung cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xie
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States; Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States.
| | - Shouping Huang
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States; Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Sarah Martin
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States
| | - John P Wise
- Wise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States; Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dodmane PR, Arnold LL, Muirhead DE, Suzuki S, Yokohira M, Pennington KL, Dave BJ, Lu X, Le XC, Cohen SM. Characterization of intracellular inclusions in the urothelium of mice exposed to inorganic arsenic. Toxicol Sci 2013; 137:36-46. [PMID: 24097667 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a known human carcinogen at high exposures, increasing the incidences of urinary bladder, skin, and lung cancers. In most mammalian species, ingested iAs is excreted mainly through urine primarily as dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)). In wild-type (WT) mice, iAs, DMA(V), and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) exposures induce formation of intramitochondrial urothelial inclusions. Arsenite (iAs(III)) also induced intranuclear inclusions in arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase knockout (As3mt KO) mice. The arsenic-induced formation of inclusions in the mouse urothelium was dose and time dependent. The inclusions do not occur in iAs-treated rats and do not appear to be related to arsenic-induced urothelial cytotoxicity. Similar inclusions in exfoliated urothelial cells from humans exposed to iAs have been incorrectly identified as micronuclei. We have characterized the urothelial inclusions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), DNA-specific 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and non-DNA-specific Giemsa staining and determined the arsenical content. The mouse inclusions stained with Giemsa but not with the DAPI stain. Analysis of urothelial mitochondrial- and nuclear-enriched fractions isolated from WT (C57BL/6) and As3mt KO mice exposed to arsenate (iAs(V)) for 4 weeks showed higher levels of iAs(V) in the treated groups. iAs(III) was the major arsenical present in the enriched nuclear fraction from iAs(V)-treated As3mt KO mice. In conclusion, the urothelial cell inclusions induced by arsenicals appear to serve as a detoxifying sequestration mechanism similar to other metals, and they do not represent micronuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puttappa R Dodmane
- * Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3135
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Paul S, Bhattacharjee P, Mishra PK, Chatterjee D, Biswas A, Deb D, Ghosh A, Guha Mazumder DN, Giri AK. Human urothelial micronucleus assay to assess genotoxic recovery by reduction of arsenic in drinking water: a cohort study in West Bengal, India. Biometals 2013; 26:855-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
17
|
Bomhard EM, Gelbke HP, Schenk H, Williams GM, Cohen SM. Evaluation of the carcinogenicity of gallium arsenide. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:436-66. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.792329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
18
|
Paul S, Das N, Bhattacharjee P, Banerjee M, Das JK, Sarma N, Sarkar A, Bandyopadhyay AK, Sau TJ, Basu S, Banerjee S, Majumder P, Giri AK. Arsenic-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity: a two-wave cross-sectional study in arsenicosis individuals in West Bengal, India. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2013; 23:156-162. [PMID: 22990472 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2012.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the state of West Bengal in India, over 26 million individuals are exposed to arsenic via drinking water. Dermatological, non-dermatological disorders and cancers are associated with arsenic toxicity. Of late, there has been a decrease in the arsenic concentration in drinking water owing to governmental efforts, raising the possibility of remediation. A cross-sectional study was conducted, where 189 arsenicosis and 171 unexposed individuals were recruited at two time points, (2005-06 and 2010-11) with concomitant decrease in the level of arsenic exposure via drinking water in the arsenicosis group in 2010-11. Parameters studied included dermatological, non-dermatological health status and cytogenetic damage. Decrease of arsenic exposure (190.1 μg/l to 37.94 μg/l) resulted in significant decline in the number of individuals having dermatological disorders (P<0.01) and in the severity of each dermatological outcome (P<0.0001). Micronucleus formation in urothelial cells and lymphocytes decreased significantly (P<0.001). However, there was a significant (P<0.001) rise in the incidence of each of the non-dermatological diseases, that is, peripheral neuropathy, conjunctivitis and respiratory distress over the period. Thirteen (6.87%) of the initially recruited arsenicosis individuals died of cancer, in this period. Remediation by arsenic-safe drinking water can reduce dermatological manifestations and cytogenetic insult; but is unable to counter the non-dermatological symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Paul
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (A Unit of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi), 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bhattacharjee P, Banerjee M, Giri AK. Role of genomic instability in arsenic-induced carcinogenicity. A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 53:29-40. [PMID: 23314041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chronic arsenic toxicity is associated with cancer. Although unstable genome is a characteristic feature of cancer cells, the mechanisms leading to genomic instability in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis are poorly understood. While there are excellent reviews relating to genomic instability in general, there is no comprehensive review presenting the mechanisms involved in arsenic-induced genomic instability. This review was undertaken to present the current state of research in this area and to highlight the major mechanisms that may involved in arsenic-induced genomic instability leading to cancer. Genomic instability is broadly classified into chromosomal instability (CIN), primarily associated with mitotic errors; and microsatellite instability (MIN), associated with DNA level instability. Arsenic-induced genomic instability is essentially multi-factorial in nature and involves molecular cross-talk across several cellular pathways, and is modulated by a number of endogenous and exogenous factors. Arsenic and its metabolites generate oxidative stress, which in turn induces genomic instability through DNA damage, irreversible DNA repair, telomere dysfunction, mitotic arrest and apoptosis. In addition to genetic alteration; epigenetic regulation through promoter methylation and miRNA expression alters gene expression profiling leading to genome more vulnerable and unstable towards cancer risk. Moreover, mutations or silencing of pro-apoptotic genes can lead to genomic instability by allowing survival of damaged cells that would otherwise die. Although a large body of information is now generated regarding arsenic-induced carcinogenesis; further studies exploring genome-wide association, role of environment and diet are needed for a better understanding of the arsenic-induced genomic instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700 032, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bhattacharjee P, Chatterjee D, Singh KK, Giri AK. Systems biology approaches to evaluate arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity: an overview. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:574-86. [PMID: 23340121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long term exposure to arsenic, either through groundwater, food stuff or occupational sources, results in a plethora of dermatological and non-dermatological health effects including multi-organ cancer and early mortality. Several epidemiological studies, across the globe have reported arsenic-induced health effects and cancerous outcomes; but the prevalence of such diseases varies depending on environmental factors (geographical location, exposure level), and genetic makeup (and variants thereof); which is further modulated by several other factors like ethnicity, age-sex, smoking status, diet, etc. It is also interesting to note that, chronic arsenic exposure to a similar extent, even among the same family members, result in wide inter-individual variations. To understand the adverse effect of this toxic metabolite on biological system (cellular targets), and to unravel the underlying molecular basis (at the level of transcript, proteome, or metabolite), a holistic, systems biology approach was taken. Due to the paradoxical nature and unavailability of any suitable animal model system; the literature review is primarily based on cell line and population based studies. Thus, here we present a comprehensive review on the systems biology approaches to explore the underlying mechanism of arsenic-induced carcinogenicity, along with our own observations and an overview of mitigation strategies and their effectiveness till date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Patlolla AK, Todorov TI, Tchounwou PB, van der Voet G, Centeno JA. Arsenic-induced biochemical and genotoxic effects and distribution in tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats. Microchem J 2012; 105:101-107. [PMID: 23175155 PMCID: PMC3500913 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a well documented human carcinogen. However, its mechanisms of toxic action and carcinogenic potential in animals have not been conclusive. In this research, we investigated the biochemical and genotoxic effects of As and studied its distribution in selected tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats. Four groups of six male rats, each weighing approximately 60 ± 2 g, were injected intraperitoneally, once a day for 5 days with doses of 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/kg bw of arsenic trioxide. A control group was also made of 6 animals injected with distilled water. Following anaesthetization, blood was collected and enzyme analysis was performed by spectrophotometry following standard protocols. At the end of experimentation, the animals were sacrificed, and the lung, liver, brain and kidney were collected 24 h after the fifth day treatment. Chromosome and micronuclei preparation was obtained from bone marrow cells. Arsenic exposure significantly increased (p<0.05) the activities of plasma alanine aminotransferase-glutamate pyruvate transaminase (ALT/GPT), and aspartate aminotransferase-glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (AST/GOT), as well as the number of structural chromosomal aberrations (SCA) and frequency of micronuclei (MN) in the bone marrow cells. In contrast, the mitotic index in these cells was significantly reduced (p<0.05). These findings indicate that aminotransferases are candidate biomarkers for arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results also demonstrate that As has a strong genotoxic potential, as measured by the bone marrow SCA and MN tests in Sprague-Dawley rats. Total arsenic concentrations in tissues were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A dynamic reaction cell (DRC) with hydrogen gas was used to eliminate the ArCl interference at mass 75, in the measurement of total As. Total As doses in tissues tended to correlate with specific exposure levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita K. Patlolla
- NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Todor I. Todorov
- Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center, US Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gijsbert van der Voet
- Biophysical Toxicology Laboratory, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910-1290
| | - Jose A. Centeno
- Biophysical Toxicology Laboratory, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910-1290
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Portmann E, Nigro MML, Reides CG, Llesuy S, Ricco RA, Wagner ML, Gurni AA, Carballo MA. Aqueous extracts of Lippia turbinata and Aloysia citriodora (Verbenaceae): assessment of antioxidant capacity and DNA damage. Int J Toxicol 2012; 31:192-202. [PMID: 22427199 DOI: 10.1177/1091581812436726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to make a contribution to the knowledge of aqueous extracts of Lippia turbinata and Aloysia citriodora (Verbenaceae; infusion and decoction) in relation with the establishment of its antioxidant activity and lack of DNA damage, for its potential use in therapeutics. The cytogenotoxic profile was evaluated through genotoxic biomarkers such as mitotic index, cellular proliferation kinetics, sister chromatid exchanges, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay, and micronucleus test in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. No statistical differences were found (P > .05) between control and exposed cultures, even between both aqueous extracts. The total antioxidant capacity was shown to be higher in the decoction than in the infusion and both aqueous extracts protected against protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, the decoction being more efficient than the infusion (P < .005). These results suggest the safe use of these medicinal plants as chemoecologic agents in therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Portmann
- CIGETOX-Citogenética y Genética Toxicológica-INFIBIOC, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Toxicological Characterization of the Inorganic and Organic Arsenic Metabolite Thio-DMA in Cultured Human Lung Cells. J Toxicol 2011; 2011:373141. [PMID: 22007210 PMCID: PMC3191745 DOI: 10.1155/2011/373141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesised and toxicologically characterised the arsenic metabolite thiodimethylarsinic acid (thio-DMAV). Successful synthesis of highly pure thio-DMAV was confirmed by state-of-the-art analytical techniques including 1H-NMR, HPLC-FTMS, and HPLC-ICPMS. Toxicological characterization was carried out in comparison to arsenite and its well-known trivalent and pentavalent methylated metabolites. It comprised cellular bioavailability as well as different cytotoxicity and genotoxicity end points in cultured human A549 lung cells. Of all arsenicals investigated, thio-DMAV exerted the strongest cytotoxicity. Moreover, thio-DMAV did not induce DNA strand breaks and an increased induction of both micronuclei and multinucleated cells occurred only at beginning cytotoxic concentrations, indicating that thio-DMAV does not act via a genotoxic mode of action. Finally, to assess potential implications of thio-DMAV for human health, further mechanistic studies are urgently necessary to identify the toxic mode of action of this highly toxic, unusual pentavalent organic arsenical.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bartolotta SA, Pacskowski MG, Hick A, Carballo MA. Micronuclei assay in exfoliated buccal cells from individuals exposed to arsenic in Argentina. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 61:337-343. [PMID: 20957353 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-010-9607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Drinking arsenic (As)-laden water for a long time affects a population's health and leads to chronic hydroarsenicism, which is associated with an increased incidence of different types of cancer. To determine the potential genotoxic risk associated with different degrees of environmental exposure to inorganic As by way of drinking water, micronuclei (MN) frequency in exfoliated buccal cells was evaluated in Argentina among rural populations of Santiago del Estero and urban populations of Buenos Aires. The exposed group in Santiago del Estero (La Firmeza and Santos Lugares localities) showed a significant increase in MN frequency in epithelial cells compared with controls (Monte Quemado and Urutau localities) (p = 0.0005). With regard to the Buenos Aires groups, Navarro individuals (the exposed group) exhibited a significant difference compared with controls (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires) (p = 0.0002). Comparison of MN frequencies between Santiago del Estero and Buenos Aires individuals showed that genotoxic effects of As in drinking water exhibit variation between rural and urban groups, probably due to individual susceptibility being an important incidence factor. The results clearly show that MN assay in buccal mucosa cells is an ideal methodology with which to measure potential genetic risk related to environmental As exposure in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Alicia Bartolotta
- Citogenética Humana y Genética Toxicológica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Banerjee M, Bhattacharjee P, Giri AK. Arsenic-induced Cancers: A Review with Special Reference to Gene, Environment and Their Interaction. Genes Environ 2011. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.33.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|