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Wang C, Wang M, Wang Y, Rej RK, Aguilar A, Xu T, Bai L, Tošović J, McEachern D, Li Q, Sarkari F, Wen B, Sun D, Wang S. Discovery of CW-3308 as a Potent, Selective, and Orally Efficacious PROTAC Degrader of BRD9. J Med Chem 2024; 67:14125-14154. [PMID: 39132814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The bromodomain-containing protein BRD9 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target. In the present study, we successfully identified a number of highly potent BRD9 degraders by using two different cereblon ligands developed in our laboratory. Further optimization led to the discovery of CW-3308 as a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable BRD9 degrader. It displayed degradation potency (DC50) < 10 nM and efficiency (Dmax) > 90% against BRD9 in the G401 rhabdoid tumor and HS-SY-II synovial sarcoma cell lines and had a high degradation selectivity over BRD7 and BRD4 proteins. CW-3308 achieved 91% of oral bioavailability in mice. A single oral dose efficiently reduced the BRD9 protein by >90% in the synovial sarcoma HS-SY-II xenograft tumor tissue. Oral administration effectively inhibited HS-SY-II xenograft tumor growth in mice. CW-3308 is a promising lead compound for further optimization and extensive evaluation for the treatment of synovial sarcoma, rhabdoid tumor, and other BRD9-dependent human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rohan Kalyan Rej
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Angelo Aguilar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tianfeng Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Longchuan Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jelena Tošović
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Donna McEachern
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Qiuxia Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Farzad Sarkari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy,, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Li J, Wan C, Li X, Quan C, Li X, Wu X. Characterization of tumor microenvironment and tumor immunology based on the double-stranded RNA-binding protein related genes in cervical cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:647. [PMID: 37735483 PMCID: PMC10515034 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers threatening women's health worldwide. Double-stranded RNA-binding proteins (dsRBPs) regulate innate immunity and are therefore believed to be involved in virus-related malignancies, however, their role in cervical cancer is not well known. METHODS We performed RNA-seq of tumor samples from cervical cancer patients in local cohort and also assessed the RNA-seq and clinical data derived from public datasets. By using single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) and univariate Cox analysis, patients were stratified into distinct dsRBP clusters. Stepwise Cox and CoxBoost were performed to construct a risk model based on optimal dsRBPs clusters-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and GSE44001 and CGCI-HTMCP-CC were employed as two external validation cohorts. Single cell RNA sequencing data from GSE168652 and Scissor algorithm were applied to evaluated the signature-related cell population. RESULTS The expression of dsRBP features was found to be associated with HPV infection and carcinogenesis in CESC. However, only Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) and Dicer, Drosha, and Argonautes (DDR) exhibited significant correlations with the overall survival (OS) of CESC patients. Based on these findings, CESC patients were divided into three dsRBP clusters. Cluster 3 showed superior OS but lower levels of ADAR and DDR. Additionally, Cluster 3 demonstrated enhanced innate immunity, with significantly higher activity in cancer immunity cycles, immune scores, and levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, particularly CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, a risk model based on nine dsRBP cluster-related DEGs was established. The accuracy of survival prediction for 1 to 5 years was consistently above 0.78, and this model's robust predictive capacity was confirmed by two external validation sets. The low-risk group exhibited significantly higher levels of immune checkpoints, such as PDCD1 and CTLA4, as well as a higher abundance of CD8+ T cells. Analysis of single-cell sequencing data revealed a significant association between the dsRBP signature and glycolysis. Importantly, low-risk patients showed improved OS and a higher response rate to immunotherapy, along with enduring clinical benefits from concurrent chemoradiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS dsRBP played a crucial role in the regulation of prognosis and tumor immunology in cervical cancer, and its prognostic signature provides a strategy for risk stratification and immunotherapy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chong Wan
- Precision Medicine Center, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenlian Quan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, No. 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional small molecules that induce the ternary complex formation between a protein-of-interest (POI) and an E3 ligase, leading to targeted polyubiquitination and degradation of the POI. Particularly, PROTACs have the distinct advantage of targeting both canonical and noncanonical functions of epigenetic targets over traditional inhibitors, which typically target canonical functions only, resulting in greater therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we methodically analyze published PROTAC degraders of epigenetic writer, reader, and eraser proteins and their in vitro and in vivo effects. We highlight the mechanism of action of these degraders and their advantages in targeting both canonical and noncanonical functions of epigenetic targets in the context of cancer treatment. Furthermore, we present a future outlook for this exciting field. Overall, pharmacological degradation of epigenetic targets has emerged as an effective and attractive strategy to thwart cancer progression and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kabir
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
| | - Xufen Yu
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
| | - H Ümit Kaniskan
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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Astaras C, De Vito C, Chaskar P, Bornand A, Khanfir K, Sciarra A, Letovanec I, Corro C, Dietrich PY, Tsantoulis P, Koessler T. The first comprehensive genomic characterization of rectal squamous cell carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:125-134. [PMID: 36357817 PMCID: PMC9876866 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rectal cancers represent 35% of colorectal cancers; 90% are adenocarcinomas, while squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 0.3% of them. Given its rarity, little is known concerning its pathogenesis, molecular profile and therapeutic management. The current treatment trend is to treat rectal squamous cell carcinoma by analogy to anal squamous cell carcinoma with definitive chemo-radiotherapy, setting aside surgery in case of local recurrence. METHODS We performed an in-depth genomic analysis (next-generation sequencing, copy number variation, and human papilloma virus characterization) on 10 rectal squamous cell carcinoma samples and compared them in silico to those of anal squamous cell carcinoma and rectal adenocarcinoma. RESULTS Rectal squamous cell carcinoma shows 100% HPV positivity. It has a mutational (PIK3CA, PTEN, TP53, ATM, BCL6, SOX2) and copy number variation profile (3p, 10p, 10q, 16q deletion and 1q, 3q, 5p, 8q, 20p gain) similar to anal squamous cell carcinoma. PI3K/Akt/mTOR is the most commonly affected signaling pathway similarly to anal squamous cell carcinoma. Most commonly gained or lost genes seen in rectal adenocarcinoma (FLT3, CDX2, GNAS, BCL2, SMAD4, MALT1) are not found in rectal squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION This study presents the first comprehensive genomic characterization of rectal squamous cell carcinoma. We confirm the existence of this rare histology and its molecular similarity with anal squamous cell carcinoma. This molecular proximity confirms the adequacy of therapeutic management based on histology and not localization, suggesting that rectal squamous cell carcinoma should be treated like anal squamous cell carcinoma and not as a rectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Astaras
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Medical Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudio De Vito
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Pathology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Prasad Chaskar
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Pathology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurelie Bornand
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Pathology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kaouthar Khanfir
- grid.418149.10000 0000 8631 6364Radiation Oncology Department, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Amedeo Sciarra
- grid.418149.10000 0000 8631 6364Histopathology, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Igor Letovanec
- grid.418149.10000 0000 8631 6364Histopathology, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Corro
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Medical Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.511014.0Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Geneva Switzerland ,grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Medical Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.511014.0Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Geneva Switzerland ,grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petros Tsantoulis
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Medical Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Koessler
- Medical Oncology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Zhang N, Chen X. PAIP1 is a novel oncogene in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:132. [PMID: 36436074 PMCID: PMC9702235 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly(A)-binding protein interacting protein 1 (PAIP1) is a translational initiation regulatory factor that has been reported as oncogene in multiple malignant diseases. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the potential mechanisms have not been explored. METHODS PAIP1 expression level in HCC cell lines were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. The proliferation and colony formation of HCC cell lines were detected by MTT and colony formation assay. The apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. The volume and growth rate of the xenograft tumors were observed. The potential mechanism of PAIP1 was analyzed by miRNA Microarray Analysis and TargetScan analysis. RESULTS PAIP1 is significantly upregulated in HCC cell lines. PAIP1 knockdown dramatically inhibits cell proliferation and colony formation, induces apoptosis and alters the cell cycle distribution by increasing the G2/M cell percentage. Moreover, PAIP1 knockdown significantly reduces tumorigenesis in a murine transplantation model. Bioinformatics and immunoblotting analysis reveal that PAIP1 knockdown dysregulates cyclin D pathway-related proteins. CONCLUSION PAIP1 plays an oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuobei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Choi PW, Liu TL, Wong CW, Liu SK, Lum YL, Ming WK. The Dysregulation of MicroRNAs in the Development of Cervical Pre-Cancer—An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137126. [PMID: 35806128 PMCID: PMC9266862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally in 2020, an estimated ~600,000 women were diagnosed with and 340,000 women died from cervical cancer. Compared to 2012, the number of cases increased by 7.5% and the number of deaths increased by 17%. MiRNAs are involved in multiple processes in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Dysregulation of miRNAs in the pre-stage of cervical cancer is the focus of this review. Here we summarize the dysregulated miRNAs in clinical samples from cervical pre-cancer patients and relate them to the early transformation process owing to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the cervical cells. When HPV infects the normal cervical cells, the DNA damage response is initiated with the involvement of HPV’s E1 and E2 proteins. Later, cell proliferation and cell death are affected by the E6 and E7 proteins. We find that the expressions of miRNAs in cervical pre-cancerous tissue revealed by different studies seldom agreed with each other. The discrepancy in sample types, samples’ HPV status, expression measurement, and methods for analysis contributed to the non-aligned results across studies. However, several miRNAs (miR-34a, miR-9, miR-21, miR-145, and miR-375) were found to be dysregulated across multiple studies. In addition, there are hints that the DNA damage response and cell growth response induced by HPV during the early transformation of the cervical cells are related to these miRNAs. Currently, no review articles analyse the relationship between the dysregulated miRNAs in cervical pre-cancerous tissue and their possible roles in the early processes involving HPV’s protein encoded by the early genes and DNA damage response during normal cell transformation. Our review provides insight on spotting miRNAs involved in the early pathogenic processes and pointing out their potential as biomarker targets of cervical pre-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Wah Choi
- Department of Research and Development, WomenX Biotech Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong; (P.-W.C.); (C.W.W.); (S.K.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Tin Lun Liu
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Chun Wai Wong
- Department of Research and Development, WomenX Biotech Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong; (P.-W.C.); (C.W.W.); (S.K.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Sze Kei Liu
- Department of Research and Development, WomenX Biotech Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong; (P.-W.C.); (C.W.W.); (S.K.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Yick-Liang Lum
- Department of Research and Development, WomenX Biotech Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong; (P.-W.C.); (C.W.W.); (S.K.L.); (Y.-L.L.)
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3442-6956
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Effect of PAIP1 on the metastatic potential and prognostic significance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:9. [PMID: 35153296 PMCID: PMC8841500 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPoly Adenylate Binding Protein Interacting protein 1 (PAIP1) plays a critical role in translation initiation and is associated with the several cancer types. However, its function and clinical significance have not yet been described in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its associated features like lymph node metastasis (LNM). Here, we used the data available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) to analyze PAIP1 expression in oral cancer. The publicly available data suggests that PAIP1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in OSCC. The high PAIP1 expression was more evident in samples with advanced stage, LNM, and worse pattern of invasion. Moreover, the in vitro experiments revealed that PAIP1 knockdown attenuated colony forming, the aggressiveness of OSCC cell lines, decreasing MMP9 activity and SRC phosphorylation. Importantly, we found a correlation between PAIP1 and pSRC through the analysis of the IHC scores and CPTAC data in patient samples. Our findings suggest that PAIP1 could be an independent prognostic factor in OSCC with LNM and a suitable therapeutic target to improve OSCC patient outcomes.
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Jakob L, Müller TA, Rassner M, Kleinfelder H, Veratti P, Mitschke J, Miething C, Oostendorp RAJ, Pfeifer D, Waterhouse M, Duyster J. Murine Oncostatin M Has Opposing Effects on the Proliferation of OP9 Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and NIH/3T3 Fibroblasts Signaling through the OSMR. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11649. [PMID: 34769079 PMCID: PMC8584221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-6 family cytokine Oncostatin M (OSM) is involved in cell development, growth, hematopoiesis, inflammation, and cancer. Intriguingly, OSM has proliferative and antiproliferative effects depending on the target cell. The molecular mechanisms underlying these opposing effects are not fully understood. Previously, we found OSM upregulation in different myeloproliferative syndromes. However, OSM receptor (OSMR) expression was detected on stromal cells but not the malignant cells themselves. In the present study, we, therefore, investigated the effect of murine OSM (mOSM) on proliferation in stromal and fibroblast cell lines. We found that mOSM impairs the proliferation of bone marrow (BM) stromal cells, whereas fibroblasts responded to mOSM with increased proliferation. When we set out to reveal the mechanisms underlying these opposing effects, we detected increased expression of the OSM receptors OSMR and LIFR in stromal cells. Interestingly, Osmr knockdown and Lifr overexpression attenuated the OSM-mediated effect on proliferation in both cell lines indicating that mOSM affected the proliferation signaling mainly through the OSMR. Furthermore, mOSM induced activation of the JAK-STAT, PI3K-AKT, and MAPK-ERK pathways in OP9 and NIH/3T3 cells with differences in total protein levels between the two cell lines. Our findings offer new insights into the regulation of proliferation by mOSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Jakob
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (L.J.); (T.A.M.); (M.R.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Tony Andreas Müller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (L.J.); (T.A.M.); (M.R.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.P.); (M.W.)
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Department I of Internal Medicine, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UoC), 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Rassner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (L.J.); (T.A.M.); (M.R.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Helen Kleinfelder
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (L.J.); (T.A.M.); (M.R.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Pia Veratti
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (L.J.); (T.A.M.); (M.R.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Jan Mitschke
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (L.J.); (T.A.M.); (M.R.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Cornelius Miething
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (L.J.); (T.A.M.); (M.R.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.P.); (M.W.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert A. J. Oostendorp
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (L.J.); (T.A.M.); (M.R.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Miguel Waterhouse
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (L.J.); (T.A.M.); (M.R.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (L.J.); (T.A.M.); (M.R.); (H.K.); (P.V.); (J.M.); (C.M.); (D.P.); (M.W.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Giardina SF, Valdambrini E, Warren JD, Barany F. PROTACs: Promising Approaches for Epigenetic Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:306-325. [PMID: 33535953 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210203110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modulation of gene expression is essential for tissue-specific development and maintenance in mammalian cells. Disruption of epigenetic processes, and the subsequent alteration of gene functions, can result in inappropriate activation or inhibition of various cellular signaling pathways, leading to cancer. Recent advancements in the understanding of the role of epigenetics in cancer initiation and progression have uncovered functions for DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic therapies have shown some promise for hematological malignancies, and a wide range of epigenetic-based drugs are undergoing clinical trials. However, in a dynamic survival strategy, cancer cells exploit their heterogeneous population which frequently results in the rapid acquisition of therapy resistance. Here, we describe novel approaches in drug discovery targeting the epigenome, highlighting recent advances the selective degradation of target proteins using Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) to address drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Giardina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, Box 62, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elena Valdambrini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, Box 62, New York, NY, United States
| | - J David Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, Box 63, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Francis Barany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, Box 62, New York, NY, United States
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Zhu X, Liao Y, Tang L. Targeting BRD9 for Cancer Treatment: A New Strategy. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13191-13200. [PMID: 33380808 PMCID: PMC7769155 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s286867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) is a newly identified subunit of the non-canonical barrier-to-autointegration factor (ncBAF) complex and a member of the bromodomain family IV. Studies have confirmed that BRD9 plays an oncogenic role in multiple cancer types, by regulating tumor cell growth. The tumor biological functions of BRD9 are mainly due to epigenetic modification mediated by its bromodomain. The bromodomain recruits the ncBAF complex to the promoter to regulate gene transcription. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of action of BRD9 in carcinogenesis and the emerging strategies for targeting BRD9 for cancer therapeutics. Although the therapeutic potential of BRD9 has been exploited to some extent, research on the detailed biological mechanisms of BRD9 is still in its infancy. Therefore, targeting BRD9 to study its biological roles will be an attractive tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment, but it remains a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liang Y, Nandakumar KS, Cheng K. Design and pharmaceutical applications of proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Das P, Taube JH. Regulating Methylation at H3K27: A Trick or Treat for Cancer Cell Plasticity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2792. [PMID: 33003334 PMCID: PMC7600873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Properly timed addition and removal of histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) is critical for enabling proper differentiation throughout all stages of development and, likewise, can guide carcinoma cells into altered differentiation states which correspond to poor prognoses and treatment evasion. In early embryonic stages, H3K27me3 is invoked to silence genes and restrict cell fate. Not surprisingly, mutation or altered functionality in the enzymes that regulate this pathway results in aberrant methylation or demethylation that can lead to malignancy. Likewise, changes in expression or activity of these enzymes impact cellular plasticity, metastasis, and treatment evasion. This review focuses on current knowledge regarding methylation and de-methylation of H3K27 in cancer initiation and cancer cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph H. Taube
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
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13
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Xie H, Yang L, Hu Q, Song Y, Wang X, Zhou L, Li L. Effects of inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of siRNA on polyadenylate-binding protein-interacting protein 1 in tongue cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2020; 42:3623-3637. [PMID: 32827170 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that the polyadenylate-binding protein-interacting protein 1 (PAIP1) pathway is closely connected with the progression of some malignant tumors. Here we examined the potential functional mechanism of PAIP1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). METHODS PAIP1 was knocked down in TSCC cell lines and proliferation and apoptosis in vitro analyzed. The molecular features of TSCC were determined using quantitative proteome and succinylome analyses. The results were confirmed in the mouse model. RESULTS PAIP1 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Its knockdown decreased Ki67 and Pcna expressions and increased Bax/Bcl2 index and Caspase-3 expression. Bioinformatics analysis for proteomics revealed that PAIP1 knockdown correlated with the changes in differential protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of PAIP1 induces cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in TSCC; PAIP1 might be a diagnostic biomarker and a significant drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lisa Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingqi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Hu B, Zhou Y, Sun D, Yang Y, Liu Y, Li X, Li H, Chen L. PROTACs: New method to degrade transcription regulating proteins. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112698. [PMID: 32858471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcription is the fundamental process in all living organisms. A variety of important proteins, such as NRs, BETs, HDACs and many others are involved in transcription process. In general, overexpression of these proteins would cause many diseases. Some approved therapeutics employed inhibitors to regulate the transcription process, however, the results are far from satisfying. Therefore, it is in high demand to develop new technology to improve the therapeutic effects. In recent years, proteolysis-targeting chimaera (PROTAC) turned out to be a novel efficient therapeutic method to treat various diseases which were caused by proteins overexpression. PROTAC molecules are bifunctional small molecules that simultaneously bind a target protein and an E3-ubiquitin ligase, thus causing ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the target protein by the proteasome. In contrast to traditional inhibitors, PROTACs showed higher efficiency to tackle the diseases which were caused by protein overexpression due to their excellent performance for degrading target proteins in transcription regulation. In this review, 29 kinds of PROTACs targeting transcription regulator proteins are summarized, and meanwhile the advantages of PROTACs are highlighted. Furthermore, several examples of PROTACs regulating the transcription for the treatment of diseases and functioning as tools for biological research are also disscussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beichen Hu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yirong Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xingzhou Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergency Drug, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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15
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Bai M, Che Y, Lu K, Fu L. Analysis of deubiquitinase OTUD5 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for cervical cancer by bioinformatic analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9146. [PMID: 32655987 PMCID: PMC7333649 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OTU deubiquitinase 5 (OTUD5), as a member of the ovarian tumor protease (OTU) family, was previously reported to play important roles in DNA repair and immunity. However, little is known about its function in tumors. Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that seriously endangers the lives of women. Here, we found that low expression of OTUD5 in cervical cancer is associated with poor prognosis. Its expression is associated with tumor stage, metastatic nodes and tumor subtypes such as those related to the phosphatidylinositol–3–kinase (PI3K)–AKT signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and hormones. In addtion, we analyzed the coexpressed genes, related miRNAs, transcription factors, kinases, E3s and interacting proteins of OTUD5. We demonstrated that OTUD5 affects the expression levels of WD repeat domain 45 (WDR45), ubiquitin-specific peptidase 11 (USP11), GRIP1 associated protein 1 (GRIPAP1) and RNA binding motif protein 10 (RBM10). Moreover, hsa-mir-137, hsa-mir-1913, hsa-mir-937, hsa-mir-607, hsa-mir-3149 and hsa-mir-144 may inhibit the expression of OTUD5. Furthermore, we performed enrichment analysis of 22 coexpressed genes, 33 related miRNAs and 30 interacting proteins. In addition to ubiquitination and immunology related processes, they also participate in Hippo signaling, insulin signaling, EMT, histone methylation and phosphorylation kinase binding. Our study for the first time analyzed the expression of OTUD5 in cervical cancer and its relationship with clinicopathology and provided new insights for further study of its regulatory mechanism in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mixue Bai
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yingying Che
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Lu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Institute of Chronic Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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16
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Wang Y, Jiang XY, Yu XY. BRD9 controls the oxytocin signaling pathway in gastric cancer via CANA2D4, CALML6, GNAO1, and KCNJ5. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:3354-3366. [PMID: 35117701 PMCID: PMC8798819 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.03.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background First-line chemotherapeutic agents lead to remarkable activation treatment in cancers, but the side effects of these drugs also damage healthy cells. In some cases, drug resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is induced in cancer cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying such a side effect have been studied in a range of cancer types, yet little is known about how the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs can be diminished by targeting bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) in gastric cancers. Methods We used two gastric cancer cell lines (MGC-803 and AGS) for comparison. We applied molecular and cellular techniques to measure cell survival and mRNA expression, investigated clinical data in the consensus of The Cancer Genome Atlas, and utilized high-throughput sequencing in MGC-803 cells and AGS cells for global gene expression analysis in inhibiting BRD9 conditions. Results Our studies showed that cancer cells with BRD9 overexpression, MGC-803 cells, were more sensitive to BRD9 inhibitors (i.e., BI9564 or BI7273) than AGS cells. The mechanism of BRD9 was related to the regulation of calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2 delta 4 (CANA2D4), calmodulin-like 6 (CALML6), guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide O (GNAO1) and Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel Subfamily J, Member 5 (KCNJ5) oncogenes in the oxytocin signaling pathway. BRD9 inhibitors could enhance the sensitivity of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells to adriamycin and cisplatin, so we may reduce the dosage of chemotherapeutic agents in curing gastric cancers with BRD9 over expression by combining BI9564 or BI7273 with adriamycin or cisplatin. Conclusions Our study elucidated the feasibility and effectiveness of inhibiting BRD9 to reduce the adverse effects of first-line chemotherapeutic agents in treating gastric cancer with BRD9 overexpression. This study provides a scientific theoretical basis for a chemotherapy regimen in gastric cancer with BRD9 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Affiliated Fifth Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xue-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Affiliated Fifth Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Affiliated Fifth Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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17
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Hsu PC, Kadlubar SA, Siegel ER, Rogers LJ, Todorova VK, Su LJ, Makhoul I. Genome-wide DNA methylation signatures to predict pathologic complete response from combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy with bevacizumab in breast cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230248. [PMID: 32298288 PMCID: PMC7162481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00203502.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ching Hsu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Susan A. Kadlubar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Eric R. Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine and of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Lora J. Rogers
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Valentina K. Todorova
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - L. Joseph Su
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Issam Makhoul
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
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18
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Wang Y, Wang LF, Zhang LL, Sun HB, Zhao J. Molecular mechanism of inhibitor bindings to bromodomain-containing protein 9 explored based on molecular dynamics simulations and calculations of binding free energies. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 31:149-170. [PMID: 31851834 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1701075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) has been a prospective therapeutic target for anticancer drug design. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) method were adopted to explore binding modes of three inhibitors (5SW, 5U2, and 5U6) to BRD9 and identify the hot spot of the inhibitor-BRD9 binding. The results indicate that the inhibitor 5SW has the strongest binding ability to BRD9 among the current three inhibitors. Furthermore, the rank of the binding free energies predicted by MM-GBSA approach agrees with that determined by the experimental values. In addition, inhibitor-residue interactions were computed by using residue-based free-energy decomposition method and the results suggest that residue His42 produces the CH-H interactions, residues Asn100, Ile53 and Val49 produce the CH-[Formula: see text] interactions with three inhibitors and Tyr106, Phe45 and Phe44 generate the π-π interactions with inhibitors. Notably, the residue Asn140 forms hydrogen bonding interactions with three inhibitors. This research is expected to provide useful molecular basis and dynamics information at atomic levels for the design of potent inhibitors inhibiting the activity of BRD9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - L F Wang
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - L L Zhang
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - H B Sun
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - J Zhao
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
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19
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Genome-wide somatic copy number alteration analysis and database construction for cervical cancer. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 295:765-773. [PMID: 31901979 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy with high incidence and mortality. Somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) play an important role in identifying tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes and are a useful diagnostic indicator for many cancer types. However, the genomic landscape of CNAs in cervical cancer has not yet been comprehensively characterized. In the present study, we collected 974 cervical cancer samples from different data sources. All samples were analyzed by genomic arrays to obtain high-resolution CNAs. Focal genomic regions with CNA events and potential cancer driver genes were identified by GISTIC2.0. Meanwhile, we constructed a comprehensive cervical cancer database by PHP and self-written Perl and R scripts. In total, 54 recurrent regions of amplification and deletion were detected. Frequently altered tumor suppressor genes were found in these regions, including PIK3CA, ERBB2, EP300 and FBXW7. CNA hotspots and related enriched functional categories were also identified. The incidence of chromothripsis in cervical cancer was estimated to be 6.06%, and the chromosome pulverization hotspot regions were detected. Based on the curated data, we developed CNAdbCC (http://cailab.labshare.cn/CNAdbCC/), a comprehensive database for copy number alterations in cervical cancer. We provide a user-friendly Web interface for data mining and visualization. It is the most comprehensive public database devoted exclusively to genomic alterations in cervical cancer. These results extend our molecular understanding of cervical cancer. The database will enable researchers to explore specific CNA patterns in this lethal cancer and facilitate the discovery of therapeutic candidates.
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Sun X, Gao H, Yang Y, He M, Wu Y, Song Y, Tong Y, Rao Y. PROTACs: great opportunities for academia and industry. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:64. [PMID: 31885879 PMCID: PMC6927964 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many kinds of therapies are applied in the clinic, drug-resistance is a major and unavoidable problem. Another disturbing statistic is the limited number of drug targets, which are presently only 20-25% of all protein targets that are currently being studied. Moreover, the focus of current explorations of targets are their enzymatic functions, which ignores the functions from their scaffold moiety. As a promising and appealing technology, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) have attracted great attention both from academia and industry for finding available approaches to solve the above problems. PROTACs regulate protein function by degrading target proteins instead of inhibiting them, providing more sensitivity to drug-resistant targets and a greater chance to affect the nonenzymatic functions. PROTACs have been proven to show better selectivity compared to classic inhibitors. PROTACs can be described as a chemical knockdown approach with rapidity and reversibility, which presents new and different biology compared to other gene editing tools by avoiding misinterpretations that arise from potential genetic compensation and/or spontaneous mutations. PRTOACs have been widely explored throughout the world and have outperformed not only in cancer diseases, but also in immune disorders, viral infections and neurodegenerative diseases. Although PROTACs present a very promising and powerful approach for crossing the hurdles of present drug discovery and tool development in biology, more efforts are needed to gain to get deeper insight into the efficacy and safety of PROTACs in the clinic. More target binders and more E3 ligases applicable for developing PROTACs are waiting for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Sun
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hongying Gao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Ming He
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yugang Song
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yan Tong
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yu Rao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
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21
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Sima X, He J, Peng J, Xu Y, Zhang F, Deng L. The genetic alteration spectrum of the SWI/SNF complex: The oncogenic roles of BRD9 and ACTL6A. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222305. [PMID: 31504061 PMCID: PMC6736241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) is a set of multi-subunits chromatin remodeling complexes, playing important roles in a variety of biological processes. Loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding SWI/SNF subunits have been reported in more than 20% of human cancers. Thus, it was widely considered as a tumor suppressor in the past decade. However, recent studies reported that some genes encoding subunits of SWI/SNF complexes were amplified and play oncogenic roles in human cancers. In present study, we summarized the genetic alteration spectrum of SWI/SNF complexes, and firstly systematically estimated both the copy number variations and point mutations of all 30 genes encoding the subunits in this complex. Additionally, the bioinformatics analyses were performed for two significantly amplified genes, ACTL6A and BRD9, to investigate their oncogenic roles in human cancers. Our findings may lay a foundation for the discovery of potential treatment targets in SWI/SNF complexes of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Sima
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan He
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jie Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Libin Deng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Wang Q, Han A, Chen L, Sun J, Lin Z, Zhang X, Ren X. Paip1 overexpression is involved in the progression of gastric cancer and predicts shorter survival of diagnosed patients. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6565-6576. [PMID: 31496746 PMCID: PMC6701649 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s202698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a major leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Polyadenylate (poly(A))-binding protein (PABP)-interacting protein 1 (Paip1) is a key regulator in the initiation of translation; however, its role in GC remains to be investigated. Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine Paip1 expression levels and investigate its underlying molecular mechanism in GC. Patients and methods In the present study, a total of 90 GC samples and 90 adjacent noncancerous tissues were used to examine the expression of Paip1. In order to gain a deep insight into the molecular mechanism of Paip1 in GC, the Paip1 siRNA sequences were transfected into GC cell lines (MGC-803 and SGC-7901), respectively. Meanwhile, Paip1 plasmid was used to mediate overexpression of Paip1. Cell proliferation were examined via colony formation assay, EdU assay and flow cytometry assay. Cell metastasis were discovered via wound healing assay and Transwell assays. In addition, key EMT makers were detected by Western blotting assay. Results In this study, Paip1 expression was observed to be upregulated in GC and was associated with shorter overall survival. Knockdown of Paip1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and caused cell cycle arrest in GC cells, whereas its overexpression reversed these effects. Another mechanistic study showed that Paip1 overexpression promoted EMT progression and regulated its targets expression. Conclusion High expression of Paip1 plays a significant role in the progression of GC and may be a potential biomarker of poor prognosis as well as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna Han
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.,Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiangshan Ren
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
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23
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[Crohn's disease-associated colorectal carcinogenesis : TP53 mutations and copy number gains of chromosome arm 5p as (early) markers of tumor progression]. DER PATHOLOGE 2019; 39:253-261. [PMID: 30229283 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-018-0496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, i. e., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD), face an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Evidence, mainly from ulcerative colitis, suggests that TP53 mutations represent an initial step in the progression from inflamed colonic epithelium to CRC. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to analyze the genetic events that define CD-CRCs, in particular the dynamics of their development from histologically undetectable precursor lesions to invasive disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 73 tissue samples from 28 patients with CD-CRC, including precursor lesions by next generation sequencing (563 gene panel) and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. The results were compared with our own data and the Cancer Genome Atlas data on sporadic CRC. RESULTS The gain of 5p was significantly more prevalent in CD-CRCs than in sporadic CRCs, despite an overall similar chromosomal aberration pattern. CD-CRCs had a distinct mutation signature with TP53 being the most frequently mutated gene in CD-CRCs. TP53 mutations and copy number alterations were early events in CD progression and could sometimes already be detected in non-dysplastic colonic mucosa, indicating occult tumor evolution. CONCLUSIONS Molecular profiling of CD-CRCs and precursor lesions revealed an inflammation-associated landscape of genome alterations: gains of 5p and TP53 mutations occurred early in tumor development. Detection of these aberrations in precursor lesions may help predict disease progression and distinguishes CD-associated from sporadic colorectal neoplasia.
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24
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Snoek BC, Babion I, Koppers-Lalic D, Pegtel DM, Steenbergen RD. Altered microRNA processing proteins in HPV-induced cancers. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 39:23-32. [PMID: 31408800 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) infections are associated with the development of anogenital cancers, in particular cervical cancer, and a subset of head and neck cancers. Previous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the development and progression of HPV-induced malignancies. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that exist as multiple length and sequence variants, termed isomiRs. Efficient processing of miRNAs and generation of isomiRs is accomplished by several processing proteins. Deregulation of Drosha, AGO2, and TENT2, among others, has been observed in HPV-induced cancers and was even found at the precancerous stage. This suggests that miRNA processing proteins may be involved during early cancer development and that the generated isomiRs could provide promising biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Snoek
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iris Babion
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danijela Koppers-Lalic
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dirk M Pegtel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Renske Dm Steenbergen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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25
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Paired Box-1 (PAX1) Activates Multiple Phosphatases and Inhibits Kinase Cascades in Cervical Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9195. [PMID: 31235851 PMCID: PMC6591413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation alteration, such as global hypomethylation and localized hypermethylation, within the promoters of tumor suppressor genes, is an important risk factor in cervical cancer. The potential use of DNA methylation detection, in cervical cancer screening or triage of mildly abnormal cytology, has recently been demonstrated. In particular, PAX1 DNA methylation testing was approved as an adjunct to cytology, in Taiwan, and is now undergoing registration trials in China. However, the function of PAX1 in cancer biology remains largely unknown. Here, we show that PAX1 inhibits malignant phenotypes upon oncogenic stress. Specifically, PAX1 expression inhibited the phosphorylation of multiple kinases, after challenges with oncogenic growth factors such as EGF and IL-6. Analogously, PAX1 activated a panel of phosphatases, including DUSP1, 5, and 6, and inhibited EGF/MAPK signaling. PAX1 also interacted with SET1B, increasing histone H3K4 methylation and DNA demethylation of numerous phosphatase-encoding genes. Furthermore, hypermethylated PAX1 associated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer. Taken together, this study reveals, for the first time, the functional relevance of PAX1 in cancer biology, and further supports the prospect of targeting multifold oncogenic kinase cascades, which jointly contribute to multiresistance, via epigenetic reactivation of PAX1.
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26
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夏 淑, 张 莉, 成 凤, 冯 振, 陆 伦. [Expression of PSMA 7 and its effect on proliferation, invasion, migration and tumorigenesis of gastric cancer]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:387-393. [PMID: 31068280 PMCID: PMC6743988 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.04.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of PSMA7 and its effect on proliferation, invasion and migration of gastric cancer and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice. >and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice. METHODS Specimens of tumor tissues and paired adjacent tissues were collected from 60 patients with gastric cancer for detecting the expression levels of PSMA7 using immunohistochemical method. Gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 was transfected with a lentiviral vector to inhibit PSMA7 expression, and the changes in cell proliferation and invasion were observed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), clone formation assay and Transwell assay. A BALB/c mouse model bearing subcutaneous gastric cancer xenograft was established using SGC7901 cells with stable PSMA7 knockdown to assess the effect of low expression of PSMA7 on xenograft growth. RESULTS Gastric cancer tissues expressed significantly higher levels of PSMA7 than the paired adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). In SGC7901 cells, interference of PSMA7 expression significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and invasion (P < 0.05). In the tumor-bearing BALB/c mice, the xenografts derived from SGC7901 cells with PSMA7 expression interference showed significant growth suppression as compared with the control xenografts (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PPSMA 7 is overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues, and PSMA7 knockdown inhibits the proliferation, invasion, migration and subcutaneous tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cells in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- 淑晶 夏
- 南京医科大学病理系Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- 国家卫健委抗体技术重点实验室,南京 211166Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of National Health Commission, Nanjing 211166, China
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 201600Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, China
- 兴化市人民医院消化内科,江苏 兴化 225700Department of Gastroenterology, Xinghua People's Hospital, Xinghua 225700, China
| | - 莉莉 张
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 201600Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - 凤干 成
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 201600Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - 振卿 冯
- 南京医科大学病理系Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- 兴化市人民医院消化内科,江苏 兴化 225700Department of Gastroenterology, Xinghua People's Hospital, Xinghua 225700, China
| | - 伦根 陆
- 国家卫健委抗体技术重点实验室,南京 211166Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology of National Health Commission, Nanjing 211166, China
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27
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Li N, Piao J, Wang X, Kim KY, Bae JY, Ren X, Lin Z. Paip1 Indicated Poor Prognosis in Cervical Cancer and Promoted Cervical Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 51:1653-1665. [PMID: 31010277 PMCID: PMC6790838 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was aimed to investigate the role of poly(A)-binding protein-interacting protein 1 (Paip1) in cervical carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods The expression of Paip1 in normal cervical epithelial tissues and cervical cancer (CC) tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. In vivo and in vitro assays were performed to validate effect of Paip1 on CC progression. Results Paip1 was found to be up-regulated in CC, which was linked with shorter survival. Knockdown of Paip1 inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in CC cells, whereas its overexpression reversed these effects. The in vivo tumor model confirmed the pro-tumor role of Paip1 in CC growth. Conclusion Altogether, the investigation demonstrated the clinical significance of Paip1 expression, which prompted that the up-regulated of Paip1 can presumably be a potential prognostic and progression marker for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology, Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
| | - Junjie Piao
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology, Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology, Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
| | - Ki-Yeol Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Bae
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiangshan Ren
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology, Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, China.,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology, Department of Jilin Province, Yanji, China
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28
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8(7H)-one derivatives as BRD9 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1391-1404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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29
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Targeting epigenetic modifications in cancer therapy: erasing the roadmap to cancer. Nat Med 2019; 25:403-418. [PMID: 30842676 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is a common feature of most cancers, often occurring directly through alteration of epigenetic machinery. Over the last several years, a new generation of drugs directed at epigenetic modulators have entered clinical development, and results from these trials are now being disclosed. Unlike first-generation epigenetic therapies, these new agents are selective, and many are targeted to proteins which are mutated or translocated in cancer. This review will provide a summary of the epigenetic modulatory agents currently in clinical development and discuss the opportunities and challenges in their development. As these drugs advance in the clinic, drug discovery has continued with a focus on both novel and existing epigenetic targets. We will provide an overview of these efforts and the strategies being employed.
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30
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Role of Paip1 on angiogenesis and invasion in pancreatic cancer. Exp Cell Res 2019; 376:198-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Zoppi V, Hughes SJ, Maniaci C, Testa A, Gmaschitz T, Wieshofer C, Koegl M, Riching KM, Daniels DL, Spallarossa A, Ciulli A. Iterative Design and Optimization of Initially Inactive Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) Identify VZ185 as a Potent, Fast, and Selective von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) Based Dual Degrader Probe of BRD9 and BRD7. J Med Chem 2018; 62:699-726. [PMID: 30540463 PMCID: PMC6348446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Developing
PROTACs to redirect the ubiquitination activity of E3
ligases and potently degrade a target protein within cells can be
a lengthy and unpredictable process, and it remains unclear whether
any combination of E3 and target might be productive for degradation.
We describe a probe-quality degrader for a ligase–target pair
deemed unsuitable: the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) and BRD9, a
bromodomain-containing subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling
complex BAF. VHL-based degraders could be optimized from suboptimal
compounds in two rounds by systematically varying conjugation patterns
and linkers and monitoring cellular degradation activities, kinetic
profiles, and ubiquitination, as well as ternary complex formation
thermodynamics. The emerged structure–activity relationships
guided the discovery of VZ185, a potent, fast, and selective degrader
of BRD9 and of its close homolog BRD7. Our findings qualify a new
chemical tool for BRD7/9 knockdown and provide a roadmap for PROTAC
development against seemingly incompatible target–ligase combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Zoppi
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom.,Dipartimento di Farmacia, Sezione di Chimica del Farmaco e del Prodotto Cosmetico , Università degli Studi di Genova , Viale Benedetto XV 3 , 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Scott J Hughes
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Maniaci
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Testa
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Manfred Koegl
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , 1221 Vienna , Austria
| | - Kristin M Riching
- Promega Corporation , 2800 Woods Hollow Road , Madison , Wisconsin 53711 , United States
| | - Danette L Daniels
- Promega Corporation , 2800 Woods Hollow Road , Madison , Wisconsin 53711 , United States
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Sezione di Chimica del Farmaco e del Prodotto Cosmetico , Università degli Studi di Genova , Viale Benedetto XV 3 , 16132 Genova , Italy
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom
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32
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Wang Y, Piao J, Wang Q, Cui X, Meng Z, Jin T, Lin Z. Paip1 predicts poor prognosis and promotes tumor progression through AKT/GSK-3β pathway in lung adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 86:233-242. [PMID: 30496797 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The expression and biological function of Paip1 remain poorly understood in most human cancers. The objective of this research is to investigate its clinical significance and roles in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Immunohistochemistry was used to determine Paip1 expression in 58 cases of LADC patients with strict follow-up and 60 cases of adjacent normal lung tissues. Paip1 protein was upregulated in 77.6% (45/58) LADC tissues compared with adjacent normal lung tissues. The overexpression of Paip1 was significantly correlated with histologic grade, clinical stage, and poor prognosis. Small interfering RNA-mediated transfection was performed in A549 and H1299 cells. Paip1 depletion attenuated the proliferation and migration of A549 and H1299 cells. Paip1 also changed the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers including E-cadherin, Vimentin, Slug, and Snail. Furthermore, Paip1 regulated AKT/GSK-3β oncogenic signaling pathways. In conclusions, Paip1 expression is frequently upregulated in LADC, and its overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in LADC patients. Attenuated Paip1 expression suppresses proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related migration of A549 and H1299 cells by regulating the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Junjie Piao
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Qianrong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xuelian Cui
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China.
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China.
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33
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Su J, Liu X, Zhang S, Yan F, Zhang Q, Chen J. Insight into selective mechanism of class of I-BRD9 inhibitors toward BRD9 based on molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:163-176. [PMID: 30225973 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9), 7 (BRD7), and 4 (BRD4) have been potential targets of anticancer drug design. Molecular dynamic simulations followed by molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area calculation were performed to study the selective mechanism of I-BRD9 inhibitor H1B and its derivatives N1D, TVU, and 5V2 toward BRD9 and BRD4. The rank of our calculated binding free energies agrees with that of the experimental data. The results show that binding free energy of H1B to BRD7 is slightly lower than that of H1B to BRD9, and all four inhibitors bind more tightly to BRD9 than to BRD4. Decomposition of binding free energies into individual residues implies that Ile164 and Asn211 in BRD7 and Ile53 and Asn100 in BRD9 play a significant role in the selectivity of H1B toward BRD7 and BRD9. Besides, several key residues Phe44, Ile53, Asn100, Thr104 in BRD9 and Pro82, Lys91, Asn140, Asp144 in BRD4 that are located in the ZA-loop and BC-loop provide significant contributions to binding selectivity of inhibitors to BRD9 and BRD4. This study is expected to provide important theoretical guidance for rational designs of highly selective inhibitors targeting BRD9 and BRD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinguo Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaolong Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinggang Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
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Hirsch D, Wangsa D, Zhu YJ, Hu Y, Edelman DC, Meltzer PS, Heselmeyer-Haddad K, Ott C, Kienle P, Galata C, Horisberger K, Ried T, Gaiser T. Dynamics of Genome Alterations in Crohn's Disease-Associated Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4997-5011. [PMID: 29967250 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, that is, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD), face an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Evidence, mainly from ulcerative colitis, suggests that TP53 mutations represent an initial step in the progression from inflamed colonic epithelium to CRC. However, the pathways involved in the evolution of CRC in patients with CD are poorly characterized.Experimental Design: Here, we analyzed 73 tissue samples from 28 patients with CD-CRC, including precursor lesions, by targeted next-generation sequencing of 563 cancer-related genes and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. The results were compared with 24 sporadic CRCs with similar histomorphology (i.e., mucinous adenocarcinomas), and to The Cancer Genome Atlas data (TCGA).Results: CD-CRCs showed somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) similar to sporadic CRCs with one notable exception: the gain of 5p was significantly more prevalent in CD-CRCs. CD-CRCs had a distinct mutation signature: TP53 (76% in CD-CRCs vs. 33% in sporadic mucinous CRCs), KRAS (24% vs. 50%), APC (17% vs. 75%), and SMAD3 (3% vs. 29%). TP53 mutations and SCNAs were early and frequent events in CD progression, while APC, KRAS, and SMAD2/4 mutations occurred later. In four patients with CD-CRC, at least one mutation and/or SCNAs were already present in non-dysplastic colonic mucosa, indicating occult tumor evolution.Conclusions: Molecular profiling of CD-CRCs and precursor lesions revealed an inflammation-associated landscape of genome alterations: 5p gains and TP53 mutations occurred early in tumor development. Detection of these aberrations in precursor lesions may help predicting disease progression and distinguishes CD-associated from sporadic colorectal neoplasia. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 4997-5011. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hirsch
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Cancer Genomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Cancer Genomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuelin J Zhu
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yue Hu
- Cancer Genomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel C Edelman
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Claudia Ott
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kienle
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Galata
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karoline Horisberger
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Ried
- Cancer Genomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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35
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Research progress of selective small molecule bromodomain-containing protein 9 inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:895-906. [PMID: 29620420 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain proteins, known as the key targets in epigenetics, are 'readers' of acetylated lysine of histones. As a member of bromodomain proteins, bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) is a subunit of mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes. However, the biological functions and the potential application in therapeutics of BRD9 remain ambiguous due to a lack of selective small molecule inhibitors of BRD9. Recently, series of chemical ligands against BRD9 were developed by different research institutes. Here, we reviewed the development and characterization of reported BRD9 inhibitors, which will be the foundation of further chemical design and biological evaluation.
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Kucia-Tran JA, Tulkki V, Scarpini CG, Smith S, Wallberg M, Paez-Ribes M, Araujo AM, Botthoff J, Feeney M, Hughes K, Caffarel MM, Coleman N. Anti-oncostatin M antibody inhibits the pro-malignant effects of oncostatin M receptor overexpression in squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2018; 244:283-295. [PMID: 29205362 DOI: 10.1002/path.5010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The oncostatin M (OSM) receptor (OSMR) shows frequent gene copy number gains and overexpression in cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), associated with adverse clinical outcomes. In SCC cells that overexpress OSMR, the major ligand OSM induces multiple pro-malignant effects, including invasion, secretion of angiogenic factors, and metastasis. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that OSMR overexpression in SCC cells activates cell-autonomous feed-forward signalling, via further expression of OSMR and OSM and sustained STAT3 activation, despite expression of the negative regulator suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3). The pro-malignant effects associated with OSMR overexpression are critically mediated by JAK-STAT3 activation, which is induced by exogenous OSM and also by autocrine OSM-OSMR interactions. Importantly, specific inhibition of OSM-OSMR interactions by neutralizing antibodies significantly inhibits STAT3 activation and feed-forward signalling, leading to reduced invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Our findings are supported by data from 1254 clinical SCC samples, in which OSMR levels correlated with multiple cognate genes, including OSM, STAT3, and downstream targets. These data strongly support the development of OSM-OSMR-blocking antibodies as biologically targeted therapies against SCCs of the cervix and other anatomical sites. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valtteri Tulkki
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephen Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maja Wallberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Jan Botthoff
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria M Caffarel
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Piao J, Chen L, Jin T, Xu M, Quan C, Lin Z. Paip1 affects breast cancer cell growth and represents a novel prognostic biomarker. Hum Pathol 2017; 73:33-40. [PMID: 29258905 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyadenylate-binding protein-interacting protein 1 (Paip1) regulates translational initiation. Increasing evidence suggests that Paip1 plays important roles in cancer development and progression. This study explored the role of Paip1 in breast cancer progression and evaluated its prognostic value. The cellular location of Paip1 protein was determined using immunofluorescence. Then, Paip1 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in 119 breast cancers and 40 normal breast tissues. The correlation between Paip1 expression and the clinicopathologic features of breast cancer was evaluated using the χ2 test, and differences in survival curves were analyzed using log-rank tests. The role of Paip1 in breast cancer proliferation and cell cycle progression was identified by siRNA transfection. Paip1 was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of cancer cells and tissues. Expression was observed in 60.5% of the breast cancers (72/119), which was significantly higher than in normal breast tissues (17.5%; 7/40). High expression of Paip1 protein was associated with high histologic grade, late clinical stage, and a low survival rate. Multivariate analysis indicated that Paip1 was an independent prognostic factor. Additionally, Paip1 depletion by RNAi significantly decreased cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Paip1 promotes the growth of breast cancers and could be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Piao
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Liyan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Chunji Quan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China.
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38
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Long NP, Jung KH, Yoon SJ, Anh NH, Nghi TD, Kang YP, Yan HH, Min JE, Hong SS, Kwon SW. Systematic assessment of cervical cancer initiation and progression uncovers genetic panels for deep learning-based early diagnosis and proposes novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109436-109456. [PMID: 29312619 PMCID: PMC5752532 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many outstanding achievements in the management of cervical cancer (CxCa) have obtained, it still imposes a major burden which has prompted scientists to discover and validate new CxCa biomarkers to improve the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of CxCa. In this study, eight different gene expression data sets containing 202 cancer, 115 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 105 normal samples were utilized for an integrative systems biology assessment in a multi-stage carcinogenesis manner. Deep learning-based diagnostic models were established based on the genetic panels of intrinsic genes of cervical carcinogenesis as well as on the unbiased variable selection approach. Survival analysis was also conducted to explore the potential biomarker candidates for prognostic assessment. Our results showed that cell cycle, RNA transport, mRNA surveillance, and one carbon pool by folate were the key regulatory mechanisms involved in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of CxCa. Various genetic panels combined with machine learning algorithms successfully differentiated CxCa from CIN and normalcy in cross-study normalized data sets. In particular, the 168-gene deep learning model for the differentiation of cancer from normalcy achieved an externally validated accuracy of 97.96% (99.01% sensitivity and 95.65% specificity). Survival analysis revealed that ZNF281 and EPHB6 were the two most promising prognostic genetic markers for CxCa among others. Our findings open new opportunities to enhance current understanding of the characteristics of CxCa pathobiology. In addition, the combination of transcriptomics-based signatures and deep learning classification may become an important approach to improve CxCa diagnosis and management in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyung Hee Jung
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Diem Nghi
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Yun Pyo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hong Hua Yan
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Liao S, Xiao S, Chen H, Zhang M, Chen Z, Long Y, Gao L, He J, Ge Y, Yi W, Wu M, Li G, Zhou Y. The receptor for activated protein kinase C promotes cell growth, invasion and migration in cervical cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1497-1507. [PMID: 29048616 PMCID: PMC5642390 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women all over the world. However, the exact etiology of cervical cancer remains unclear. The receptor for activated protein kinase C (RACK1) is reported to be involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Besides, the prognostic value of RACK1 in several kinds of tumors has been identified. However, there are limited studies on the functional role of RACK1 in cervical cancer. In this study, we tested the expression level of RACK1 by immunohistochemistry and western blot technologies and find that it is upregulated in cervical cancer. Colony formation and CCK8 assays indicate that RACK1 promotes cell proliferation in CaSki cervical cancer cells. While the silence of RACK1 decreases the cell proliferation in CCK8 analysis. β-galactosidase staining suggests that RACK1 decreases cell senescence in cervical cancer cells. Invasion and migration assay show that RACK1 promotes the invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells. Also, when RACK1 was silenced, it exerts the opposite result. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of MMP‑3, MMP‑9 and MMP‑10 were upregulated in RACK1‑overexpressed CaSki cells by qPCR analysis. RACK1 also induces S phase accumulation in cell cycle analysis and suppresses cell apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Flow cytometry analysis of mitochondria functions suggests that RACK1 increases the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) levels to prevent mitochondrial apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. To explore the possible mechanism of RACK1, we tested and found that RACK1 upregulates the expression of NF-κB, cyclin D1 and CDK4 and downregulates the expression of p53, p38, p21 and STAT1 in cervical cancer cells. These results suggest that RACK1 promotes cell growth and invasion and inhibits the senescence and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells probably by affecting the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liao
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Songshu Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- The Gynecology Department, People's Hospital of Xinjiang
| | - Manying Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Zhifang Chen
- The Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Long
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Lu Gao
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Junyu He
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Yanshan Ge
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Wei Yi
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of The Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital
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40
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Epigenetic Alterations in Human Papillomavirus-Associated Cancers. Viruses 2017; 9:v9090248. [PMID: 28862667 PMCID: PMC5618014 DOI: 10.3390/v9090248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 15–20% of human cancers are caused by viruses, including human papillomaviruses (HPVs). Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites and encode proteins that reprogram the regulatory networks governing host cellular signaling pathways that control recognition by the immune system, proliferation, differentiation, genomic integrity, and cell death. Given that key proteins in these regulatory networks are also subject to mutation in non-virally associated diseases and cancers, the study of oncogenic viruses has also been instrumental to the discovery and analysis of many fundamental cellular processes, including messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing, transcriptional enhancers, oncogenes and tumor suppressors, signal transduction, immune regulation, and cell cycle control. More recently, tumor viruses, in particular HPV, have proven themselves invaluable in the study of the cancer epigenome. Epigenetic silencing or de-silencing of genes can have cellular consequences that are akin to genetic mutations, i.e., the loss and gain of expression of genes that are not usually expressed in a certain cell type and/or genes that have tumor suppressive or oncogenic activities, respectively. Unlike genetic mutations, the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications affords an opportunity of epigenetic therapy for cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge on epigenetic regulation in HPV-infected cells with a focus on those elements with relevance to carcinogenesis.
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41
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Mandahl N, Magnusson L, Nilsson J, Viklund B, Arbajian E, von Steyern FV, Isaksson A, Mertens F. Scattered genomic amplification in dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:25. [PMID: 28652867 PMCID: PMC5483303 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT), well differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) are cytogenetically characterized by near-diploid karyotypes with no or few other aberrations than supernumerary ring or giant marker chromosomes, although DDLS tend to have somewhat more complex rearrangements. In contrast, pleomorphic liposarcomas (PLS) have highly aberrant and heterogeneous karyotypes. The ring and giant marker chromosomes contain discontinuous amplicons, in particular including multiple copies of the target genes CDK4, HMGA2 and MDM2 from 12q, but often also sequences from other chromosomes. Results The present study presents a DDLS with an atypical hypertriploid karyotype without any ring or giant marker chromosomes. SNP array analyses revealed amplification of almost the entire 5p and discontinuous amplicons of 12q including the classical target genes, in particular CDK4. In addition, amplicons from 1q, 3q, 7p, 9p, 11q and 20q, covering from 2 to 14 Mb, were present. FISH analyses showed that sequences from 5p and 12q were scattered, separately or together, over more than 10 chromosomes of varying size. At RNA sequencing, significantly elevated expression, compared to myxoid liposarcomas, was seen for TRIO and AMACR in 5p and of CDK4, HMGA2 and MDM2 in 12q. Conclusions The observed pattern of scattered amplification does not show the characteristics of chromothripsis, but is novel and differs from the well known cytogenetic manifestations of amplification, i.e., double minutes, homogeneously staining regions and ring chromosomes. Possible explanations for this unusual distribution of amplified sequences might be the mechanism of alternative lengthening of telomeres that is frequently active in DDLS and events associated with telomere crisis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-017-0325-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Mandahl
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Viklund
- Array and Analysis Facility, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elsa Arbajian
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Vult von Steyern
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Isaksson
- Array and Analysis Facility, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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42
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Lloyd JT, Glass KC. Biological function and histone recognition of family IV bromodomain-containing proteins. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1877-1886. [PMID: 28500727 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain proteins function as epigenetic readers that recognize acetylated histone tails to facilitate the transcription of target genes. There are approximately 60 known human bromodomains, which are divided into eight sub-families based on structural conservation. The bromodomain-containing proteins in family IV include seven members (BRPF1, BRPF2, BRPF3, BRD7, BRD9, ATAD2, and ATAD2b). The bromodomains of each of these proteins recognize and bind acetyllysine residues on histone tails protruding from the nucleosome. However, the histone marks recognized by each bromodomain protein can be very different. The BRPF1 subunit of the MOZ histone acetyltransferase (HAT) recognizes acetylated histones H2AK5ac, H4K12ac, H3K14ac, H4K8ac, and H4K5ac. While the bromodomain of BRD7, a member of the SWI/SNF complex, was shown to preferentially recognize acetylated histones H3K9ac, H3K14ac, H4K8ac, H4K12ac, and H4K16ac. The bromodomains of BRPF2 and BRPF3 have similar sequences, and function as part of the HBO1 HAT complex, but there is limited data on which histone ligands they bind. Similarly, there is little known about the histone targets of the BRD9 and ATAD2b bromodomain proteins. Interestingly, the ATAD2 bromodomain was recently shown to preferentially bind to the di-acetylated H4K5acK12ac mark found in newly synthesized histones following DNA replication. However, despite the physiological importance of the family IV bromodomains, little is known about how they function at the molecular or atomic level. In this review, we summarize our understanding of how family IV bromodomains recognize and select for acetyllysine marks and discuss the importance of acetylated histone recognition for their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Lloyd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, Vermont
| | - Karen C Glass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, Vermont
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43
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Crawford TD, Vartanian S, Côté A, Bellon S, Duplessis M, Flynn EM, Hewitt M, Huang HR, Kiefer JR, Murray J, Nasveschuk CG, Pardo E, Romero FA, Sandy P, Tang Y, Taylor AM, Tsui V, Wang J, Wang S, Zawadzke L, Albrecht BK, Magnuson SR, Cochran AG, Stokoe D. Inhibition of bromodomain-containing protein 9 for the prevention of epigenetically-defined drug resistance. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3534-3541. [PMID: 28606761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9), an epigenetic "reader" of acetylated lysines on post-translationally modified histone proteins, is upregulated in multiple cancer cell lines. To assess the functional role of BRD9 in cancer cell lines, we identified a small-molecule inhibitor of the BRD9 bromodomain. Starting from a pyrrolopyridone lead, we used structure-based drug design to identify a potent and highly selective in vitro tool compound 11, (GNE-375). While this compound showed minimal effects in cell viability or gene expression assays, it showed remarkable potency in preventing the emergence of a drug tolerant population in EGFR mutant PC9 cells treated with EGFR inhibitors. Such tolerance has been linked to an altered epigenetic state, and 11 decreased BRD9 binding to chromatin, and this was associated with decreased expression of ALDH1A1, a gene previously shown to be important in drug tolerance. BRD9 inhibitors may therefore show utility in preventing epigenetically-defined drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry D Crawford
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
| | - Steffan Vartanian
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Alexandre Côté
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Steve Bellon
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Martin Duplessis
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - E Megan Flynn
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Michael Hewitt
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Hon-Ren Huang
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - James R Kiefer
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | | | - Eneida Pardo
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - F Anthony Romero
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Peter Sandy
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Yong Tang
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Alexander M Taylor
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Laura Zawadzke
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Brian K Albrecht
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Steven R Magnuson
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Andrea G Cochran
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - David Stokoe
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
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44
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Wang D, Wang H, Zou X. Identifying key nodes in multilayer networks based on tensor decomposition. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:063108. [PMID: 28679235 DOI: 10.1063/1.4985185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of essential agents in multilayer networks characterized by different types of interactions is a crucial and challenging topic, one that is essential for understanding the topological structure and dynamic processes of multilayer networks. In this paper, we use the fourth-order tensor to represent multilayer networks and propose a novel method to identify essential nodes based on CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) tensor decomposition, referred to as the EDCPTD centrality. This method is based on the perspective of multilayer networked structures, which integrate the information of edges among nodes and links between different layers to quantify the importance of nodes in multilayer networks. Three real-world multilayer biological networks are used to evaluate the performance of the EDCPTD centrality. The bar chart and ROC curves of these multilayer networks indicate that the proposed approach is a good alternative index to identify real important nodes. Meanwhile, by comparing the behavior of both the proposed method and the aggregated single-layer methods, we demonstrate that neglecting the multiple relationships between nodes may lead to incorrect identification of the most versatile nodes. Furthermore, the Gene Ontology functional annotation demonstrates that the identified top nodes based on the proposed approach play a significant role in many vital biological processes. Finally, we have implemented many centrality methods of multilayer networks (including our method and the published methods) and created a visual software based on the MATLAB GUI, called ENMNFinder, which can be used by other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingjie Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiufen Zou
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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45
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Harden ME, Munger K. Perturbation of DROSHA and DICER expression by human papillomavirus 16 oncoproteins. Virology 2017; 507:192-198. [PMID: 28448850 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many tumors, including cervical carcinoma, show dysregulated expression of the microRNA processing machinery, specifically DROSHA and DICER. Some cervical cancers exhibit chromosome 5p amplifications and DROSHA is the most significantly upregulated transcript and is observed in all tumors with 5p gain. DROSHA and DICER mRNA levels, however, are higher in HPV positive cancer lines than in an HPV negative cervical carcinoma line. We show that high-risk HPV E6/E7 expression in HPV negative C33A cervical carcinoma cells and primary human epithelial cell causes increased expression of DROSHA and DICER mRNA and protein. Most importantly, many DROSHA regulated microRNAs are dysregulated in HPV16 E6/E7 expressing cells. These results suggest that increased DROSHA levels contribute to HPV16 E6/E7 dysregulation of cellular microRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory E Harden
- Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Karl Munger
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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46
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Moustakim M, Clark PGK, Hay DA, Dixon DJ, Brennan PE. Chemical probes and inhibitors of bromodomains outside the BET family. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:2246-2264. [PMID: 29170712 PMCID: PMC5644722 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00373g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in discovering inhibitors and chemical probes of bromodomains, epigenetic readers of lysine acetylation.
In the last five years, the development of inhibitors of bromodomains has emerged as an area of intensive worldwide research. Emerging evidence has implicated a number of non-BET bromodomains in the onset and progression of diseases such as cancer, HIV infection and inflammation. The development and use of small molecule chemical probes has been fundamental to pre-clinical evaluation of bromodomains as targets. Recent efforts are described highlighting the development of potent, selective and cell active non-BET bromodomain inhibitors and their therapeutic potential. Over half of typical bromodomains now have reported ligands, but those with atypical binding site residues remain resistant to chemical probe discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Moustakim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK. .,Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Peter G K Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Duncan A Hay
- Evotec (UK) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, UK
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK. .,Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
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47
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Clark PGK, Dixon DJ, Brennan PE. Development of chemical probes for the bromodomains of BRD7 and BRD9. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2016; 19:73-80. [PMID: 27769361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bromodomain family of proteins are 'readers' of acetylated lysines of histones, a key mark in the epigenetic code of gene regulation. Without high quality chemical probes with which to study these proteins, their biological function, and potential use in therapeutics, remains unknown. Recently, a number of chemical ligands were reported for the previously unprobed bromodomain proteins BRD7 and BRD9. Herein the development and characterisation of probes against these proteins is detailed, including the preliminary biological activity of BRD7 and BRD9 assessed using these probes. Future studies utilising these chemically-diverse compounds in parallel will allow for a confident assessment of the role of BRD7/9, and give multiple entry points into any subsequent pharmaceutical programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G K Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Target Discovery Institute, and Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
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Kucia-Tran JA, Tulkki V, Smith S, Scarpini CG, Hughes K, Araujo AM, Yan KYM, Botthof J, Pérez-Gómez E, Quintanilla M, Cuschieri K, Caffarel MM, Coleman N. Overexpression of the oncostatin-M receptor in cervical squamous cell carcinoma is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and poor overall survival. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:212-22. [PMID: 27351213 PMCID: PMC4947707 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Copy-number gain of the oncostatin-M receptor (OSMR) occurs frequently in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and is associated with adverse clinical outcome. We previously showed that OSMR overexpression renders cervical SCC cells more sensitive to the major ligand oncostatin-M (OSM), which increases migration and invasion in vitro. We hypothesised that a major contribution to this phenotype would come from epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods: We performed a comprehensive integrated study, involving in vitro cell line studies, in vivo animal models and numerous clinical samples from a variety of anatomical sites. Results: In independent sets of cervical, head/neck and lung SCC tissues, OSMR expression levels correlated with multiple EMT-associated phenotypic markers and transcription factors. OSM treatment of OSMR overexpressing cervical SCC cells produced consistent EMT changes and increased tumour sphere formation in suspension culture. In a mouse model, OSMR overexpressing SCC cells treated with OSM showed significant increases in lung colonisation. The biological effects of exogenous OSM were mirrored by highly significant adverse overall survival in cervical SCCs with OSMR overexpression (N=251). Conclusions: OSM:OSMR interactions are able to induce EMT, increased cancer stem cell-like properties and enhanced lung colonisation in SCC cells. These changes are likely to contribute to the highly significant adverse outcome associated with OSMR overexpression in cervical SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valtteri Tulkki
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Stephen Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Cinzia G Scarpini
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Angela M Araujo
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | | | - Jan Botthof
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Miguel Quintanilla
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Kate Cuschieri
- Scottish Human Papilloma Virus Reference Laboratory, Specialist Virology Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Maria M Caffarel
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Nicholas Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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Fu HC, Yang YC, Chen YJ, Lin H, Ou YC, Chien CCC, Huang EY, Huang HY, Lan J, Chi HP, Huang KE, Kang HY. Increased expression of SKP2 is an independent predictor of locoregional recurrence in cervical cancer via promoting DNA-damage response after irradiation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:44047-44061. [PMID: 27317767 PMCID: PMC5190078 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiation therapy was known to be effective to cervical cancer, loco-regional recurrences are frequently found in patients. We aimed to identify a molecular marker predicting the response of cervical cancer to radiotherapy. We included the patients (n = 149) with cervical cancer who had undergone radiotherapy from 2004 to 2006. Tumor samples were collected to examine the association between the expression of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) and prognosis in cervical cancer. We found higher expression of SKP2 associated with recurrence (HRs: 2.52, p < 0.001), death (HRs: 2.01, p < 0.001) and higher locoregional recurrence rate (HRs: 3.76, p < 0.001). Cervical cancer cell lines with higher expression of SKP2 showed higher colony formation, cell survival rate and fewer DNA damages after irradiation. SKP2-C25, an inhibitor for SKP2 activity, dose-dependently decreased cell viability after irradiation and knockdown of SKP2 impaired DNA-damage response and sensitized the cervical cancer cells to irradiation. Our data showed the SKP2 represents a promising tool to identify patients with cervical cancer who have a higher risk of locoregional recurrence after radiotherapy. Targeting SKP2 may serve as a potential radiosensitizer for developing effective therapeutic strategies against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chun Fu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Chao Chang Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eng-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ying Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui Lan
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Ping Chi
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Ko-En Huang
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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50
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Comino-Méndez I, Tejera ÁM, Currás-Freixes M, Remacha L, Gonzalvo P, Tonda R, Letón R, Blasco MA, Robledo M, Cascón A. ATRX driver mutation in a composite malignant pheochromocytoma. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:272-7. [PMID: 27209355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are tumors arising from the adrenal medulla and sympathetic/parasympathetic paraganglia, respectively. Approximately 40% of PCCs/PGLs are due to germline mutations in one of 16 susceptibility genes, and a further 30% are due to somatic alterations in 5 main genes. Recently, somatic ATRX mutations have been found in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-associated hereditary PCCs/PGLs. In the present study we applied whole-exome sequencing to the germline and tumor DNA of a patient with metastatic composite PCC and no alterations in known PCC/PGL susceptibility genes. A somatic loss-of-function mutation affecting ATRX was identified in tumor DNA. Transcriptional profiling analysis classified the tumor within cluster 2 of PCCs/PGLs (without SDH gene mutations) and identified downregulation of genes involved in neuronal development and homeostasis (NLGN4, CD99 and CSF2RA) as well as upregulation of Drosha, an important gene involved in miRNA and rRNA processing. CpG island methylator phenotype typical of SDH gene-mutated tumors was ruled out, and SNP array data revealed a unique profile of gains and losses. Finally, we demonstrated the presence of alternative lengthening of telomeres in the tumor, probably associated with the failure of ATRX functions. In conclusion, somatic variants affecting ATRX may play a driver role in sporadic PCC/PGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Comino-Méndez
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda M Tejera
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Currás-Freixes
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Remacha
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gonzalvo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cabueñes Hospital, Gijón, Spain
| | - Raúl Tonda
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Letón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cascón
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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