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Bellon M, Nicot C. Increased H19/miR-675 Expression in Adult T-Cell Leukemia Is Associated with a Unique Notch Signature Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5130. [PMID: 38791169 PMCID: PMC11120950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway is a key cancer driver and is important in tumor progression. Early research suggested that Notch activity was highly dependent on the expression of the intracellular cleaved domain of Notch-1 (NICD). However, recent insights into Notch signaling reveal the presence of Notch pathway signatures, which may vary depending on different cancer types and tumor microenvironments. Herein, we perform a comprehensive investigation of the Notch signaling pathway in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) primary patient samples. Using gene arrays, we demonstrate that the Notch pathway is constitutively activated in ATL patient samples. Furthermore, the activation of Notch in ATL cells remains elevated irrespective of the presence of activating mutations in Notch itself or its repressor, FBXW7, and that ATL cells are dependent upon Notch-1 expression for proliferation and survival. We demonstrate that ATL cells exhibit the expression of pivotal Notch-related genes, including notch-1, hes1, c-myc, H19, and hes4, thereby defining a critical Notch signature associated with ATL disease. Finally, we demonstrate that lncRNA H19 is highly expressed in ATL patient samples and ATL cells and contributes to Notch signaling activation. Collectively, our results shed further light on the Notch pathway in ATL leukemia and reveal new therapeutic approaches to inhibit Notch activation in ATL cells.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7/metabolism
- F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Nicot
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
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2
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Brisset M, Mehlen P, Meurette O, Hollande F. Notch receptor/ligand diversity: contribution to colorectal cancer stem cell heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231416. [PMID: 37860822 PMCID: PMC10582728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a key contributor to therapeutic failure and post-treatment recurrence. Targeting cell subpopulations responsible for chemoresistance and recurrence seems to be an attractive approach to improve treatment outcome in cancer patients. However, this remains challenging due to the complexity and incomplete characterization of tumor cell subpopulations. The heterogeneity of cells exhibiting stemness-related features, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance, fuels this complexity. Notch signaling is a known regulator of cancer stem cell (CSC) features in colorectal cancer (CRC), though the effects of its heterogenous signaling on CRC cell stemness are only just emerging. In this review, we discuss how Notch ligand-receptor specificity contributes to regulating stemness, self-renewal, chemoresistance and cancer stem cells heterogeneity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisset
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Meurette
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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3
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IL-15 Prevents the Development of T-ALL from Aberrant Thymocytes with Impaired DNA Repair Functions and Increased NOTCH1 Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030671. [PMID: 36765626 PMCID: PMC9913776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that NOD.Scid mice lacking interleukin-15 (IL-15), or IL-15 receptor alpha-chain, develop T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). To understand the mechanisms by which IL-15 signaling controls T-ALL development, we studied the thymocyte developmental events in IL-15-deficient Scid mice from NOD and C57BL/6 genetic backgrounds. Both kinds of mice develop T-ALL characterized by circulating TCR-negative cells expressing CD4, CD8 or both. Analyses of thymocytes in NOD.Scid.Il15-/- mice prior to T-ALL development revealed discernible changes within the CD4-CD8- double-negative (DN) thymocyte developmental stages and increased frequencies of CD4+CD8+ double-positive cells with a high proportion of TCR-negative CD4+ and CD8+ cells. The DN cells also showed elevated expressions of CXCR4 and CD117, molecules implicated in the expansion of DN thymocytes. T-ALL cell lines and primary leukemic cells from IL-15-deficient NOD.Scid and C57BL/6.Scid mice displayed increased NOTCH1 activation that was inhibited by NOTCH1 inhibitors and blockers of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Primary leukemic cells from NOD.Scid.Il15-/- mice survived and expanded when cultured with MS5 thymic stromal cells expressing Delta-like ligand 4 and supplemented with IL-7 and FLT3 ligand. These findings suggest that IL-15 signaling in the thymus controls T-ALL development from aberrant thymocytes with an impaired DNA repair capacity and increased NOTCH1 activation.
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4
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Fetisov TI, Borunova AA, Antipova AS, Antoshina EE, Trukhanova LS, Gorkova TG, Zuevskaya SN, Maslov A, Gurova K, Gudkov A, Lesovaya EA, Belitsky GA, Yakubovskaya MG, Kirsanov KI. Targeting Features of Curaxin CBL0137 on Hematological Malignancies In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010230. [PMID: 36672738 PMCID: PMC9856019 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The anticancer activity of Curaxin CBL0137, a DNA-binding small molecule with chromatin remodulating effect, has been demonstrated in different cancers. Herein, a comparative evaluation of CBL0137 activity was performed in respect to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM) cultured in vitro. MTT assay showed AML and MM higher sensitivity to CBL0137's cytostatic effect comparatively to other hematological malignancy cells. Flow cytometry cell cycle analysis revealed an increase in subG1 and G2/M populations after CBL0137 cell treatment, but the prevalent type of arrest varied. Apoptosis activation by CBL0137 measured by Annexin-V/PI dual staining was more active in AML and MM cells. RT2 PCR array showed that changes caused by CBL0137 in signaling pathways involved in cancer pathogenesis were more intensive in AML and MM cells. On the murine model of AML WEHI-3, CBL0137 showed significant anticancer effects in vivo, which were evaluated by corresponding changes in spleen and liver. Thus, more pronounced anticancer effects of CBL0137 in vitro were observed in respect to AML and MM. Experiments in vivo also indicated the perspective of CBL0137 use for AML treatment. This in accordance with the frontline treatment approach in AML using epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur I. Fetisov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Borunova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Antipova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena E. Antoshina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov S. Trukhanova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana G. Gorkova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexei Maslov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Katerina Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Andrei Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Ekaterina A. Lesovaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Oncology, I.P. Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Gennady A. Belitsky
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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5
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Limoges MA, Cloutier M, Nandi M, Ilangumaran S, Ramanathan S. The GIMAP Family Proteins: An Incomplete Puzzle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679739. [PMID: 34135906 PMCID: PMC8201404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overview: Long-term survival of T lymphocytes in quiescent state is essential to maintain their cell numbers in secondary lymphoid organs and in peripheral circulation. In the BioBreeding diabetes-prone strain of rats (BB-DP), loss of functional GIMAP5 (GTPase of the immune associated nucleotide binding protein 5) results in profound peripheral T lymphopenia. This discovery heralded the identification of a new family of proteins initially called Immune-associated nucleotide binding protein (IAN) family. In this review we will use ‘GIMAP’ to refer to this family of proteins. Recent studies suggest that GIMAP proteins may interact with each other and also be involved in the movement of the cellular cargo along the cytoskeletal network. Here we will summarize the current knowledge on the characteristics and functions of GIMAP family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Limoges
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Maryse Cloutier
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Madhuparna Nandi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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6
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Tomar AK, Agarwal R, Kundu B. Most Variable Genes and Transcription Factors in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients. Interdiscip Sci 2019; 11:668-678. [PMID: 30972690 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-019-00325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic tumor caused by cell cycle aberrations due to accumulating genetic disturbances in the expression of transcription factors (TFs), signaling oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Though survival rate in childhood ALL patients is increased up to 80% with recent medical advances, treatment of adults and childhood relapse cases still remains challenging. Here, we have performed bioinformatics analysis of 207 ALL patients' mRNA expression data retrieved from the ICGC data portal with an objective to mark out the decisive genes and pathways responsible for ALL pathogenesis and aggression. For analysis, 3361 most variable genes, including 276 transcription factors (out of 16,807 genes) were sorted based on the coefficient of variance. Silhouette width analysis classified 207 ALL patients into 6 subtypes and heat map analysis suggests a need of large and multicenter dataset for non-overlapping subtype classification. Overall, 265 GO terms and 32 KEGG pathways were enriched. The lists were dominated by cancer-associated entries and highlight crucial genes and pathways that can be targeted for designing more specific ALL therapeutics. Differential gene expression analysis identified upregulation of two important genes, JCHAIN and CRLF2 in dead patients' cohort suggesting their possible involvement in different clinical outcomes in ALL patients undergoing the same treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Tomar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Bishwajit Kundu
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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7
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Tottone L, Zhdanovskaya N, Carmona Pestaña Á, Zampieri M, Simeoni F, Lazzari S, Ruocco V, Pelullo M, Caiafa P, Felli MP, Checquolo S, Bellavia D, Talora C, Screpanti I, Palermo R. Histone Modifications Drive Aberrant Notch3 Expression/Activity and Growth in T-ALL. Front Oncol 2019; 9:198. [PMID: 31001470 PMCID: PMC6456714 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive blood cancer caused by the deregulation of key T-cell developmental pathways, including Notch signaling. Aberrant Notch signaling in T-ALL occurs by NOTCH1 gain-of-function mutations and by NOTCH3 overexpression. Although NOTCH3 is assumed as a Notch1 target, machinery driving its transcription in T-ALL is undefined in leukemia subsets lacking Notch1 activation. Here, we found that the binding of the intracellular Notch3 domain, as well as of the activated Notch1 fragment, to the NOTCH3 gene locus led to the recruitment of the H3K27 modifiers JMJD3 and p300, and it was required to preserve transcriptional permissive/active H3K27 marks and to sustain NOTCH3 gene expression levels. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of JMJD3 by GSKJ4 treatment or of p300 by A-485 decreased the levels of expression of NOTCH3, NOTCH1 and of the Notch target genes DELTEX1 and c-Myc and abrogated cell viability in both Notch1- and Notch3-dependent T-cell contexts. Notably, re-introduction of exogenous Notch1, Notch3 as well as c-Myc partially rescued cells from anti-growth effects induced by either treatment. Overall our findings indicate JMJD3 and p300 as general Notch1 and Notch3 signaling co-activators in T-ALL and suggest further investigation on the potential therapeutic anti-leukemic efficacy of their enzymatic inhibition in Notch/c-Myc axis-related cancers and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tottone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Zampieri
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Simeoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lazzari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pelullo
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Caiafa
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Felli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Saula Checquolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Diana Bellavia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8
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A fusion protein composed of the DSL domain of Dll1 and RGD motif protects cryptic stem cells in irradiation injury. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171255. [PMID: 29444821 PMCID: PMC5843746 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestine is vulnerable to irradiation injury, which induces cell death and compromises regeneration of intestinal crypts. It is well accepted that cryptic stem cells, which are responsible for cryptic regeneration under physiological and pathological conditions, are controlled by multiple cell-intrinsic and environmental signals such as Notch signaling. Therefore, in the present study, we tested whether a soluble Notch ligand tethered to endothelial cells-mD1R-the Delta-Serrate-Lag2 (DSL) domain of mouse Notch ligand Delta-like1 fused with a RGD motif could protect cryptic cells from irradiation-induced intestinal injury. The result showed that administration of mD1R, which activated Notch signaling in intestinal cells, ameliorated loss of body weight and reduction of cryptic structures in intestine after total body irradiation (TBI) in mice. Histological staining showed that injection of mD1R after TBI promoted cryptic cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis in crypts. Immunofluorescence staining and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR showed that mD1R increased the level of Lgr5, Bmi1, Olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4), and IRIG1 in crypts, suggesting a protective effect on cryptic stem and progenitor cells after irradiation. Moreover, we found that administration of mD1R increased the number of Paneth cells and the mRNA level of Defa1, and the number Alcian Blue+ Goblet cells decreased first and then increased after irradiation, suggesting that mD1R promoted the maturation of the intestinal crypt after irradiation injury. Our data suggested that mD1R could serve as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of irradiation-induced intestinal injury.
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Abstract
The MYC proto-oncogene is a gene product that coordinates the transcriptional regulation of a multitude of genes that are essential to cellular programs required for normal as well as neoplastic cellular growth and proliferation, including cell cycle, self-renewal, survival, cell growth, metabolism, protein and ribosomal biogenesis, and differentiation. Here, we propose that MYC regulates these programs in a manner that is coordinated with a global influence on the host immune response. MYC had been presumed to contribute to tumorigenesis through tumor cell-intrinsic influences. More recently, MYC expression in tumor cells has been shown to regulate the tumor microenvironment through effects on both innate and adaptive immune effector cells and immune regulatory cytokines. Then, MYC was shown to regulate the expression of the immune checkpoint gene products CD47 and programmed death-ligand 1. Similarly, other oncogenes, which are known to modulate MYC, have been shown to regulate immune checkpoints. Hence, MYC may generally prevent highly proliferative cells from eliciting an immune response. MYC-driven neoplastic cells have coopted this mechanism to bypass immune detection. Thus, MYC inactivation can restore the immune response against a tumor. MYC-induced tumors may be particularly sensitive to immuno-oncology therapeutic interventions.
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10
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Barwe SP, Quagliano A, Gopalakrishnapillai A. Eviction from the sanctuary: Development of targeted therapy against cell adhesion molecules in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Semin Oncol 2017; 44:101-112. [PMID: 28923207 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant hematological disease afflicting hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. While 80%-90% of patients diagnosed with ALL will achieve complete remission at some point during treatment, ALL is associated with high relapse rate, with a 5-year overall survival rate of 68%. The initial remission failure and the high rate of relapse can be attributed to intrinsic chemoprotective mechanisms that allow persistence of ALL cells despite therapy. These mechanisms are mediated, at least in part, through the engagement of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) within the bone marrow microenvironment. This review assembles CAMs implicated in protection of leukemic cells from chemotherapy. Such studies are limited in ALL. Therefore, CAMs that are associated with poor outcomes or are overexpressed in ALL and have been shown to be involved in chemoprotection in other hematological cancers are also included. It is likely that these molecules play parallel roles in ALL because the CAMs identified to be a factor in ALL chemoresistance also work similarly in other hematological malignancies. We review the signaling mechanisms activated by the engagement of CAMs that provide protection from chemotherapy. Development of targeted therapies against CAMs could improve outcome and raise the overall cure rate in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali P Barwe
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE.
| | - Anthony Quagliano
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
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11
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Aberrant activation of the GIMAP enhancer by oncogenic transcription factors in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 31:1798-1807. [PMID: 28028313 PMCID: PMC5529293 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor TAL1/SCL is one of the most prevalent oncogenes in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), a malignant disorder resulting from leukemic transformation of thymus T-cell precursors. TAL1 is normally expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but is silenced in immature thymocytes. We hypothesize that TAL1 contributes to leukemogenesis by activating genes that are normally repressed in immature thymocytes. Herein, we identified a novel TAL1-regulated super-enhancer controlling the GIMAP locus, which resides within an insulated chromosomal locus in T-ALL cells. The GIMAP genes are expressed in HSCs and mature T-cells but are downregulated during the immature stage of thymocyte differentiation. The GIMAP enhancer is activated by TAL1, RUNX1 and GATA3 in human T-ALL cells but is repressed by E-proteins. Overexpression of human GIMAP genes in immature thymocytes alone does not induce tumorigenesis but accelerates leukemia development in zebrafish. Our results demonstrate that aberrant activation of the GIMAP enhancer contributes to T-cell leukemogenesis.
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12
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Edwards W, Nantie LB, Raetzman LT. Identification of a novel progenitor cell marker, grainyhead-like 2 in the developing pituitary. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:1097-1106. [PMID: 27564454 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary stem/progenitor cells give rise to all of the endocrine cell types within the pituitary gland and are necessary for both development and gland homeostasis. Recent studies have identified several key factors that characterize the progenitor cell population. However, little is known about the factors that regulate progenitor cell differentiation and maintenance. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel factors that help elucidate mechanisms of progenitor cell function in the developing pituitary. Our studies are the first to characterize the expression of Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2), a transcription factor known to regulate progenitor cell plasticity, in the developing pituitary. RESULTS Our studies show GRHL2 expression is highest in the embryonic and early postnatal pituitary and is localized in pituitary progenitor cells. We demonstrate GRHL2 expression is changed in Notch2 cKO and Prop1df/df mice, mouse models that display progenitor cell number defects. In addition, our studies indicate a potential relationship between Notch signaling and GRHL2 expression in the developing pituitary. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate GRHL2 as a novel progenitor cell maker in the developing pituitary that may contribute to progenitor cell function and maintenance. Developmental Dynamics 245:1097-1106, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Edwards
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Leah B Nantie
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lori T Raetzman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
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13
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Growth inhibitory effect of rapamycin in Hodgkin-lymphoma cell lines characterized by constitutive NOTCH1 activation. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13695-13704. [PMID: 27473087 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that deregulation of signalling elements of Notch and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways contribute to tumorigenesis. These signals play important roles in cellular functions and malignancies. Their tumorigenic role in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is well known; however, their potential interactions and functions are poorly characterized in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The aim of our study was to characterize mTOR and Notch signalling elements in HL cell lines (DEV, L1236, KMH2) and human biopsies and to investigate their cross-talk in the tumorous process. High mTOR activity and constitutive NOTCH1 activation was confirmed in HL cell lines, without any known oncogenic mutations in key elements, including those common to both pathways. The anti-tumour effect of Notch inhibitors are well known from several preclinical models but resistance and side effects occur in many cases. Here, we tested mTOR and Notch inhibitors and their combinations in gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) resistant HL cells in vitro and in vivo. mTOR inhibitor alone or in combination was able to reduce tumour growth; furthermore, it was more effective in xenograft models in vivo. Based on these results, we suggest that constitutively activated NOTCH1 may be a potential target in HL therapy; furthermore, mTOR inhibitors may be effective for decreasing tumour growth if resistance to Notch inhibitors develop.
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14
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Kamstrup MR, Biskup E, Manfè V, Savorani C, Liszewski W, Wirèn J, Specht L, Gniadecki R. Chemotherapeutic treatment is associated with Notch1 induction in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:171-178. [PMID: 27181628 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1180681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is important for survival of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cells. We investigated the effect of chemotherapy (doxorubicin, etoposide, and gemcitabine) and radiation modalities on Notch signaling in CTCL cell lines. Chemotherapy induced Notch1 expression at the mRNA and protein level in MyLa2000 and Hut78. Upregulation of well-established Notch targets supported the functional activity of Notch1. Transfection of Notch1 siRNA into MyLa2000 cells was not able to suppress the effects of chemotherapy on Notch1 activation significantly. Notch1 knockdown in combination with doxorubicin, etoposide, or gemcitabine compared to chemotherapy alone decreased cell viability by 12, 20, and 26%, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, X-rays (in MyLa2000 but not SeAx) and psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) (in MyLa2000, Hut78, and SeAx) increased the expression of Notch1 family members. Our results indicate that CTCL cells activate the Notch pathway in vitro in response to chemotherapy and radiation modalities as a possible protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Kamstrup
- a Department of Dermatology , Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Edyta Biskup
- a Department of Dermatology , Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Valentina Manfè
- a Department of Dermatology , Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Cecilia Savorani
- a Department of Dermatology , Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Walter Liszewski
- a Department of Dermatology , Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Johan Wirèn
- b Department of Oncology , Skaane University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | - Lena Specht
- c Department of Oncology , Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Robert Gniadecki
- a Department of Dermatology , Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark.,d Division of Dermatology , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
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Webb LMC, Datta P, Bell SE, Kitamura D, Turner M, Butcher GW. GIMAP1 Is Essential for the Survival of Naive and Activated B Cells In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:207-16. [PMID: 26621859 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An effective immune system depends upon regulation of lymphocyte function and homeostasis. In recent years, members of the GTPases of the immunity associated protein (GIMAP) family were proposed to regulate T cell homeostasis. In contrast, little is known about their function and mode of action in B cells. We used a combination of transgenic mice and in vivo and in vitro techniques to conditionally and electively ablate GIMAP1 in resting and activated peripheral B cells. Our data suggest that GIMAP1 is absolutely essential for the survival of peripheral B cells, irrespective of their activation state. Together with recent data showing increased expression of GIMAP1 in B cell lymphomas, our work points to the possible potential of GIMAP1 as a target for manipulation in a variety of B cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M C Webb
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Preeta Datta
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sarah E Bell
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Geoffrey W Butcher
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
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16
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Qiao H, Wang TY, Yan W, Qin A, Fan QM, Han XG, Wang YG, Tang TT. Synergistic suppression of human breast cancer cells by combination of plumbagin and zoledronic acid In vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1085-98. [PMID: 26235741 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Zoledronic acid (ZA), a bisphosphonate, is currently used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents to suppress breast cancer cell proliferation or breast cancer-induced osteolysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ZA combined with a natural anticancer compound plumbagin (PL) against human breast cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231SArfp cells were treated with ZA, PL or a combination of ZA and PL. The cell growth, apoptosis and migration were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was measured using real-time PCR and Western blotting. Synergism was evaluated using Compusyn software, and the combination index (CI) and drug reduction index (DRI) values were determined. RESULTS PL or ZA alone caused mild cytotoxicity (the IC50 value at 24 h was 12.18 and above 100 μmol/L, respectively). However, the combination of ZA and PL caused a synergistic cytotoxicity (CI=0.26). The DRI values also showed a synergistic effect between PL and ZA, with actual values of 5.52 and 3.59, respectively. Furthermore, PL and ZA synergistically induced apoptosis and inhibited migration of the breast cancer cells. Moreover, the combination of ZA and PL decreased the expression of Notch-1, cleaved PARP, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, CDKN1A and ID1. When the breast cancer cells were transfected with specific siRNA against Notch-1, the combination of ZA and PL markedly increased the expression of Bcl-2. CONCLUSION Combination of ZA and PL synergistically suppresses human breast cancer MDA-MB-231SArfp cells in vitro. PL can inhibit ZA-induced activation of the Notch-1 signaling pathway and subsequently reduce the expression of Bcl-2, thus potentiating cancer cell apoptosis.
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17
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Sun L, Qian Q, Sun G, Mackey LV, Fuselier JA, Coy DH, Yu CY. Valproic acid induces NET cell growth arrest and enhances tumor suppression of the receptor-targeted peptide-drug conjugate via activating somatostatin receptor type II. J Drug Target 2015. [PMID: 26211366 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1066794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pancreatic carcinoids, a type of neuroendocrine tumors, are asymptomatic and difficult to diagnose, with the effects of traditional anti-cancer therapies being limited. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) was evaluated for its effects alone and in combination with receptor-targeting peptide-drug conjugate via increasing drug internalization. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro and in vivo assays were used to evaluate the effects of VPA and somatostatin receptor-targeting camptothecin-somatostatin conjugate (CPT-SST). RESULTS VPA induced proliferation suppression, cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. VPA acts as a HDAC inhibitor to induce a decrease of HDAC4 and an increase of acetylated histone 4 (AcH4). Meanwhile, most importantly, besides activating Notch signaling, VPA was observed to stimulate the expression of somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) that has been applied for receptor-targeting therapies. This characteristic was used for a combination therapy of VPA and CPT-SST. The combination displayed much more potent anti-tumor effects on carcinoid tumor growth by increasing SSTR2 density and drug internalization in target tumor cells. CONCLUSION The combination of VPA and a SSTR2-targeting agent provides us a promising approach in treatment of carcinoid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Sun
- a Department of Pharmacy , The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University , Shanghai , China .,b Department of Medicine , Peptide Research Laboratories, Tulane Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA , and
| | - Qingqing Qian
- a Department of Pharmacy , The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Guangchun Sun
- a Department of Pharmacy , The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - L Vienna Mackey
- b Department of Medicine , Peptide Research Laboratories, Tulane Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA , and
| | - Joseph A Fuselier
- b Department of Medicine , Peptide Research Laboratories, Tulane Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA , and
| | - David H Coy
- b Department of Medicine , Peptide Research Laboratories, Tulane Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA , and
| | - Cui-Yun Yu
- b Department of Medicine , Peptide Research Laboratories, Tulane Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA , and.,c Department of Pharmacy , Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China , Hengyang , China
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Potential role of Notch signalling in CD34+ chronic myeloid leukaemia cells: cross-talk between Notch and BCR-ABL. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123016. [PMID: 25849484 PMCID: PMC4388554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signalling is critical for haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and survival. The role of Notch signalling has been reported recently in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) – a stem cell disease characterized by BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activation. Therefore, we studied the relationship between BCR-ABL and Notch signalling and assessed the expression patterns of Notch and its downstream target Hes1 in CD34+ stem and progenitor cells from chronic-phase CML patients and bone marrow (BM) from normal subjects (NBM). We found significant upregulation (p<0.05) of Notch1, Notch2 and Hes1 on the most primitive CD34+Thy+ subset of CML CD34+ cells suggesting that active Notch signalling in CML primitive progenitors. In addition, Notch1 was also expressed in distinct lymphoid and myeloid progenitors within the CD34+ population of primary CML cells. To further delineate the possible role and interactions of Notch with BCR-ABL in CD34+ primary cells from chronic-phase CML, we used P-crkl detection as a surrogate assay of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity. Our data revealed that Imatinib (IM) induced BCR-ABL inhibition results in significant (p<0.05) upregulation of Notch activity, assessed by Hes1 expression. Similarly, inhibition of Notch leads to hyperactivation of BCR-ABL. This antagonistic relationship between Notch and BCR-ABL signalling was confirmed in K562 and ALL-SIL cell lines. In K562, we further validated this antagonistic relationship by inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) - an effector pathway of Hes1, using valproic acid (VPA) - a HDAC inhibitor. Finally, we also confirmed the potential antagonism between Notch and BCR/ABL in In Vivo, using publically available GSE-database, by analysing gene expression profile of paired samples from chronic-phase CML patients pre- and post-Imatinib therapy. Thus, we have demonstrated an antagonistic relationship between Notch and BCR-ABL in CML. A combined inhibition of Notch and BCR-ABL may therefore provide superior clinical response over tyrosine-kinase inhibitor monotherapy by targeting both quiescent leukaemic stem cells and differentiated leukaemic cells and hence must be explored.
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19
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Placing ion channels into a signaling network of T cells: from maturing thymocytes to healthy T lymphocytes or leukemic T lymphoblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:750203. [PMID: 25866806 PMCID: PMC4383400 DOI: 10.1155/2015/750203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T leukemogenesis is a multistep process, where the genetic errors during T cell maturation cause the healthy progenitor to convert into the leukemic precursor that lost its ability to differentiate but possesses high potential for proliferation, self-renewal, and migration. A new misdirecting "leukemogenic" signaling network appears, composed by three types of participants which are encoded by (1) genes implicated in determined stages of T cell development but deregulated by translocations or mutations, (2) genes which normally do not participate in T cell development but are upregulated, and (3) nondifferentially expressed genes which become highly interconnected with genes expressed differentially. It appears that each of three groups may contain genes coding ion channels. In T cells, ion channels are implicated in regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, activation, migration, and cell death. In the present review we are going to reveal a relationship between different genetic defects, which drive the T cell neoplasias, with calcium signaling and ion channels. We suggest that changes in regulation of various ion channels in different types of the T leukemias may provide the intracellular ion microenvironment favorable to maintain self-renewal capacity, arrest differentiation, induce proliferation, and enhance motility.
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20
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Exosome transfer from stromal to breast cancer cells regulates therapy resistance pathways. Cell 2015; 159:499-513. [PMID: 25417103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stromal communication with cancer cells can influence treatment response. We show that stromal and breast cancer (BrCa) cells utilize paracrine and juxtacrine signaling to drive chemotherapy and radiation resistance. Upon heterotypic interaction, exosomes are transferred from stromal to BrCa cells. RNA within exosomes, which are largely noncoding transcripts and transposable elements, stimulates the pattern recognition receptor RIG-I to activate STAT1-dependent antiviral signaling. In parallel, stromal cells also activate NOTCH3 on BrCa cells. The paracrine antiviral and juxtacrine NOTCH3 pathways converge as STAT1 facilitates transcriptional responses to NOTCH3 and expands therapy-resistant tumor-initiating cells. Primary human and/or mouse BrCa analysis support the role of antiviral/NOTCH3 pathways in NOTCH signaling and stroma-mediated resistance, which is abrogated by combination therapy with gamma secretase inhibitors. Thus, stromal cells orchestrate an intricate crosstalk with BrCa cells by utilizing exosomes to instigate antiviral signaling. This expands BrCa subpopulations adept at resisting therapy and reinitiating tumor growth.
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21
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Singh M, Wang Z, Cascio D, Feigon J. Structure and interactions of the CS domain of human H/ACA RNP assembly protein Shq1. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:807-823. [PMID: 25553844 PMCID: PMC4323627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Shq1 is an essential protein involved in the early steps of biogenesis and assembly of H/ACA ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs). Shq1 binds to dyskerin (Cbf5 in yeast) at an early step of H/ACA RNP assembly and is subsequently displaced by the H/ACA RNA. Shq1 contains an N-terminal CS and a C-terminal Shq1-specific domain (SSD). Dyskerin harbors many mutations associated with dyskeratosis congenita. Structures of yeast Shq1 SSD bound to Cbf5 revealed that only a subset of these mutations is in the SSD binding site, implicating another subset in the putative CS binding site. Here, we present the crystal structure of human Shq1 CS (hCS) and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and crystal structures of hCS containing a serine substitution for proline 22 that is associated with some prostate cancers. The structure of hCS is similar to yeast Shq1 CS domain (yCS) and consists of two β-sheets that form an immunoglobulin-like β-sandwich fold. The N-terminal affinity tag sequence AHHHHHH associates with a neighboring protein in the crystal lattice to form an extra β-strand. Deletion of this tag was required to get spectra suitable for NMR structure determination, while the tag was required for crystallization. NMR chemical shift perturbation (CSP) experiments with peptides derived from putative CS binding sites on dyskerin and Cbf5 revealed a conserved surface on CS important for Cbf5/dyskerin binding. A HADDOCK (high-ambiguity-driven protein-protein docking) model of a Shq1-Cbf5 complex that defines the position of CS domain in the pre-H/ACA RNP was calculated using the CSP data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Duilio Cascio
- University of California Los Angeles-Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE) Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Juli Feigon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; University of California Los Angeles-Department of Energy (UCLA-DOE) Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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22
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Su YX, Hou CC, Yang WX. Control of hair cell development by molecular pathways involving Atoh1, Hes1 and Hes5. Gene 2014; 558:6-24. [PMID: 25550047 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Atoh1, Hes1 and Hes5 are crucial for normal inner ear hair cell development. They regulate the expression of each other in a complex network, while they also interact with many other genes and pathways, such as Notch, FGF, SHH, WNT, BMP and RA. This paper summarized molecular pathways that involve Atoh1, Hes1, and Hes5. Some of the pathways and gene regulation mechanisms discussed here were studied in other tissues, yet they might inspire studies in inner ear hair cell development. Thereby, we presented a complex regulatory network involving these three genes, which might be crucial for proliferation and differentiation of inner ear hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xun Su
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cong-Cong Hou
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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23
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Xie G, Yu Z, Jia D, Jiao R, Deng WM. E(y)1/TAF9 mediates the transcriptional output of Notch signaling in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3830-9. [PMID: 25015288 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.154583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional activation of Notch signaling targets requires the formation of a ternary complex that involves the intracellular domain of the Notch receptor (NICD), DNA-binding protein Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H), RPBJ in mammals] and coactivator Mastermind (Mam). Here, we report that E(y)1/TAF9, a component of the transcription factor TFIID complex, interacts specifically with the NICD-Su(H)-Mam complex to facilitate the transcriptional output of Notch signaling. We identified E(y)1/TAF9 in a large-scale in vivo RNA interference (RNAi) screen for genes that are involved in a Notch-dependent mitotic-to-endocycle transition in Drosophila follicle cells. Knockdown of e(y)1/TAF9 displayed Notch-mutant-like phenotypes and defects in target gene and activity reporter expression in both the follicle cells and wing imaginal discs. Epistatic analyses in these two tissues indicated that E(y)1/TAF9 functions downstream of Notch cleavage. Biochemical studies in S2 cells demonstrated that E(y)1/TAF9 physically interacts with the transcriptional effectors of Notch signaling Su(H) and NICD. Taken together, our data suggest that the association of the NICD-Su(H)-Mastermind complex with E(y)1/TAF9 in response to Notch activation recruits the transcription initiation complex to induce Notch target genes, coupling Notch signaling with the transcription machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengqiang Xie
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304-4295, USA
| | - Zhongsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 15, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongyu Jia
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304-4295, USA
| | - Renjie Jiao
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304-4295, USA
| | - Wu-Min Deng
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304-4295, USA
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24
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Yoshida Y, Hayashi Y, Suda M, Tateno K, Okada S, Moriya J, Yokoyama M, Nojima A, Yamashita M, Kobayashi Y, Shimizu I, Minamino T. Notch signaling regulates the lifespan of vascular endothelial cells via a p16-dependent pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100359. [PMID: 24950189 PMCID: PMC4065107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved Notch signaling controls cell fate determination and differentiation during development, and is also essential for neovascularization in adults. Although recent studies suggest that the Notch pathway is associated with age-related conditions, it remains unclear whether Notch signaling is involved in vascular aging. Here we show that Notch signaling has a crucial role in endothelial cell senescence. Inhibition of Notch signaling in human endothelial cells induced premature senescence via a p16-dependent pathway. Conversely, over-expression of Notch1 or Jagged1 prolonged the replicative lifespan of endothelial cells. Notch1 positively regulated the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) and MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1), while MKP1 further up-regulated Id1 expression by inhibiting p38MAPK-induced protein degradation. Over-expression of Id1 down-regulated p16 expression, thereby inhibiting premature senescence of Notch1-deleted endothelial cells. These findings indicate that Notch1 signaling has a role in the regulation of endothelial cell senescence via a p16-dependent pathway and suggest that activation of Notch1 could be a new therapeutic target for treating age-associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuka Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Suda
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tateno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sho Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junji Moriya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masataka Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aika Nojima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Pastò A, Serafin V, Pilotto G, Lago C, Bellio C, Trusolino L, Bertotti A, Hoey T, Plateroti M, Esposito G, Pinazza M, Agostini M, Nitti D, Amadori A, Indraccolo S. NOTCH3 signaling regulates MUSASHI-1 expression in metastatic colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2106-18. [PMID: 24525742 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MUSASHI-1 (MSI-1) is a well-established stem cell marker in both normal and malignant colon cells and it acts by positively regulating the NOTCH pathway through inactivation of NUMB, a NOTCH signaling repressor. To date, the mechanisms of regulation of MSI-1 levels remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the regulation of MSI-1 by NOTCH signaling in colorectal cancer cell lines and in primary cultures of colorectal cancer metastases. Stimulation by the NOTCH ligand DLL4 was associated with an increase of MSI-1 mRNA and protein levels, and this phenomenon was prevented by the addition of an antibody neutralizing NOTCH2/3 but not NOTCH1. Moreover, forced expression of activated NOTCH3 increased MSI-1 levels, whereas silencing of NOTCH3 by short hairpin RNA reduced MSI-1 levels in both colorectal cancer cells and CRC tumor xenografts. Consistent with these findings, enforced NOTCH3 expression or stimulation by DLL4 increased levels of activated NOTCH1 in colorectal cell lines. Finally, treatment of colorectal cancer cells with anti-NOTCH2/3 antibody increased NUMB protein while significantly reducing formation of tumor cell spheroids. This novel feed-forward circuit involving DLL4, NOTCH3, MSI-1, NUMB, and NOTCH1 may be relevant for regulation of NOTCH signaling in physiologic processes as well as in tumor development. With regard to therapeutic implications, NOTCH3-specific drugs could represent a valuable strategy to limit NOTCH signaling in the context of colorectal cancers overexpressing this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pastò
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova; Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Padova; IRCC, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo; Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Torino, Italy; OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Redwood City, California; and Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Nantie LB, Himes AD, Getz DR, Raetzman LT. Notch signaling in postnatal pituitary expansion: proliferation, progenitors, and cell specification. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:731-44. [PMID: 24673559 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PROP1 account for up to half of the cases of combined pituitary hormone deficiency that result from known causes. Despite this, few signaling molecules and pathways that influence PROP1 expression have been identified. Notch signaling has been linked to Prop1 expression, but the developmental periods during which Notch signaling influences Prop1 and overall pituitary development remain unclear. To test the requirement for Notch signaling in establishing the normal pituitary hormone milieu, we generated mice with early embryonic conditional loss of Notch2 (conditional knockout) and examined the consequences of chemical Notch inhibition during early postnatal pituitary maturation. We show that loss of Notch2 has little influence on early embryonic pituitary proliferation but is crucial for postnatal progenitor maintenance and proliferation. In addition, we show that Notch signaling is necessary embryonically and postnatally for Prop1 expression and robust Pit1 lineage hormone cell expansion, as well as repression of the corticotrope lineage. Taken together, our studies identify temporal and cell type-specific roles for Notch signaling and highlight the importance of this pathway throughout pituitary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah B Nantie
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology (L.B.N., A.D.H., D.R.G., L.T.R.) and Neuroscience Program (L.T.R.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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27
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Lasorella A, Benezra R, Iavarone A. The ID proteins: master regulators of cancer stem cells and tumour aggressiveness. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14:77-91. [PMID: 24442143 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are transcriptional regulators that control the timing of cell fate determination and differentiation in stem and progenitor cells during normal development and adult life. ID genes are frequently deregulated in many types of human neoplasms, and they endow cancer cells with biological features that are hijacked from normal stem cells. The ability of ID proteins to function as central 'hubs' for the coordination of multiple cancer hallmarks has established these transcriptional regulators as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in specific types of human tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lasorella
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, 10032 New York, USA
| | - Robert Benezra
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 241, New York, 10065 New York, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, 10032 New York, USA
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Basak NP, Roy A, Banerjee S. Alteration of mitochondrial proteome due to activation of Notch1 signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7320-34. [PMID: 24474689 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.519405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway, a known regulator of cell fate decisions, proliferation, and apoptosis, has recently been implicated in the regulation of glycolysis, which affects tumor progression. However, the impact of Notch on other metabolic pathways remains to be elucidated. To gain more insights into the Notch signaling and its role in regulation of metabolism, we studied the mitochondrial proteome in Notch1-activated K562 cells using a comparative proteomics approach. The proteomic study led to the identification of 10 unique proteins that were altered due to Notch1 activation. Eight of these proteins belonged to mitochondria-localized metabolic pathways like oxidative phosphorylation, glutamine metabolism, Krebs cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. Validation of some of these findings showed that constitutive activation of Notch1 deregulated glutamine metabolism and Complex 1 of the respiratory chain. Furthermore, the deregulation of glutamine metabolism involved the canonical Notch signaling and its downstream effectors. The study also reports the effect of Notch signaling on mitochondrial function and status of high energy intermediates ATP, NADH, and NADPH. Thus our study shows the effect of Notch signaling on mitochondrial proteome, which in turn affects the functioning of key metabolic pathways, thereby connecting an important signaling pathway to the regulation of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Pal Basak
- From the Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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Investigation of deregulated genes of Notch signaling pathway in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines and clinical samples. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5531-40. [PMID: 23982259 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In diagnostic research challenges, quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) has been widely utilized in gene expression analysis because of its sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, and most importantly, quantitativeness. Real-time PCR base kits are wildly applicable in cancer signaling pathways, especially in cancer investigations. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a type of leukemia that is more common in older children and teenagers. Deregulation of the Notch signaling pathway promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of the lymphoblastic T cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Notch signaling activation on the expression of target genes using real-time QPCR and further use this method in clinical examination after validation. Two T-ALL cell lines, Jurkat and Molt-4, were used as models for activation of the Notch signaling via over-expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain. Expression analysis was performed for six downstream target genes (NCSTN, APH1, PSEN1, ADAM17, NOTCH1 and C-MYC) which play critical roles in the Notch signaling pathway. The results showed significant difference in the expression of target genes in the deregulated Notch signaling pathway. These results were also verified in 12 clinical samples bearing over-expression of the Notch signaling pathway. Identification of such downstream Notch target genes, which have not been studied inclusively, provides insights into the mechanisms of the Notch function in T cell leukemia, and may help identify novel diagnoses and therapeutic targets in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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30
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Yuan Y, Lu X, Chen X, Shao H, Huang S. Jagged1 contributes to the drug resistance of Jurkat cells in contact with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1000-1006. [PMID: 24137453 PMCID: PMC3796424 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling, which is driven by the Notch1 receptor, plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and stroma-mediated drug resistance of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). However, little is known about the roles of Notch ligands in the survival or drug resistance of T-ALL cells. In the present study, isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human umbilical cord (hUC) samples, termed hUC-MSCs, were used as stromal cells for the Jurkat T-ALL cell line. The role of the Notch ligand, Jagged1, was assessed in the survival of Jurkat T-ALL cells using this co-culture system. hUC-MSCs and Jurkat cells were observed to express Jagged1. Furthermore, co-culture with hUC-MSCs led to a significant upregulation of Jagged1 and a more significant overexpression of its receptor, Notch1, in the Jurkat cells, indicating that the receptor and ligand pair may play a role in the reciprocal or autonomous activation of the Notch pathway. In addition, a higher level of CD28 expression was observed in the Jurkat cells that were co-cultured with hUC-MSCs. Blocking Jagged1 expression using neutralizing antibodies restored drug-induced apoptosis in the Jurkat cells that were co-cultured with hUC-MSCs, and also increased the drug sensitivity of the Jurkat cells that were cultured alone. By contrast, direct incubation with exogenously recombinant Jagged1 produced the same protective effects in Jurkat cells as those induced by hUC-MSCs. These results indicate a significant role for Jagged1 in hUC-MSC-induced survival and the self-maintenance of the Jurkat T-ALL cell line, making it a potential target for the treatment of human T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yuan
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China ; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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31
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Hu J, Zhu X, Lu Q. Antiproliferative effects of γ-secretase inhibitor, a Notch signalling inhibitor, in multiple myeloma cells and its molecular mechanism of action. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:1017-26. [PMID: 23839278 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513485912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI), a Notch signalling inhibitor, on the proliferation of multiple myeloma cells in vitro and its molecular mechanism of action. METHODS RPMI 8226 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of GSI (0-20 µmol/l) for 24-72 h. Proliferation was measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. Cell-cycle analysis was performed on RPMI 8226 cells treated with 0-10 µmol/l GSI for 48 h using flow cytometry. Expression of Notch signalling proteins (Notch1, Jagged 1 and Jagged 2), Bcl-2 and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) was determined using Western blotting in RPMI 8226 cells treated with various concentrations of GSI for various time periods. RESULTS GSI inhibited proliferation of RPMI 8226 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner by inducing G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest. GSI-mediated antiproliferative effects were associated with significant reductions in the expression of Notch1, Jagged1, Jagged2, p-Akt and Bcl-2. CONCLUSION Inhibition of the Notch signalling pathway by GSI may be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Hu
- Department of Haematology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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32
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Marfels C, Hoehn M, Wagner E, Günther M. Characterization of in vivo chemoresistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cells with transendothelial differentiation capacities. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:176. [PMID: 23547746 PMCID: PMC3626554 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapeutic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma often leads to chemoresistance during therapy or upon relapse of tumors. For the development of better treatments a better understanding of biochemical changes in the resistant tumors is needed. In this study, we focus on the characterization of in vivo chemoresistant human hepatocellular carcinoma HUH-REISO established from a metronomically cyclophosphamide (CPA) treated HUH7 xenograft model. Methods SCID mice bearing subcutaneous HUH7 tumors were treated i.p. with 75 mg/kg CPA every six days. Tumors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, a functional blood-flow Hoechst dye assay, and qRT-PCR for ALDH-1, Notch-1, Notch-3, HES-1, Thy-1, Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog mRNA levels. Cell lines of these tumors were analyzed by qRT-PCR and in endothelial transdifferentiation studies on matrigel. Results HUH-REISO cells, although slightly more sensitive against activated CPA in vitro than parental HUH-7 cells, fully retained their in vivo CPA chemoresistance upon xenografting into SCID mice. Histochemical analysis of HUH-REISO tumors in comparison to parental HUH-7 cells and passaged HUH-PAS cells (in vivo passaged without chemotherapeutic pressure) revealed significant changes in host vascularization of tumors and especially in expression of the tumor-derived human endothelial marker gene PECAM-1/CD31 in HUH-REISO. In transdifferentiation studies with limited oxygen and metabolite diffusion, followed by a matrigel assay, only the chemoresistant HUH-REISO cells exhibited tube formation potential and expression of human endothelial markers ICAM-2 and PECAM-1/CD31. A comparative study on stemness and plasticity markers revealed upregulation of Thy-1, Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog in resistant xenografts. Under therapeutic pressure by CPA, tumors of HUH-PAS and HUH-REISO displayed regulations in Notch-1 and Notch-3 expression. Conclusions Chemoresistance of HUH-REISO was not manifested under standard in vitro but under in vivo conditions. HUH-REISO cells showed increased pluripotent capacities and the ability of transdifferentiation to endothelial like cells in vitro and in vivo. These cells expressed typical endothelial surface marker and functionality. Although the mechanism behind chemoresistance of HUH-REISO and involvement of plasticity remains to be clarified, we hypothesize that the observed Notch regulations and upregulation of stemness genes in resistant xenografts are involved in the observed cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Marfels
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377, Munich, Germany
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33
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Schwefel D, Arasu BS, Marino SF, Lamprecht B, Köchert K, Rosenbaum E, Eichhorst J, Wiesner B, Behlke J, Rocks O, Mathas S, Daumke O. Structural insights into the mechanism of GTPase activation in the GIMAP family. Structure 2013; 21:550-9. [PMID: 23454188 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
GTPases of immunity-associated proteins (GIMAPs) are regulators of lymphocyte survival and homeostasis. We previously determined the structural basis of GTP-dependent GIMAP2 scaffold formation on lipid droplets. To understand how its GTP hydrolysis is activated, we screened for other GIMAPs on lipid droplets and identified GIMAP7. In contrast to GIMAP2, GIMAP7 displayed dimerization-stimulated GTP hydrolysis. The crystal structure of GTP-bound GIMAP7 showed a homodimer that assembled via the G domains, with the helical extensions protruding in opposite directions. We identified a catalytic arginine that is supplied to the opposing monomer to stimulate GTP hydrolysis. GIMAP7 also stimulated GTP hydrolysis by GIMAP2 via an analogous mechanism. Finally, we found GIMAP2 and GIMAP7 expression differentially regulated in several human T cell lymphoma lines. Our findings suggest that GTPase activity in the GIMAP family is controlled by homo- and heterodimerization. This may have implications for the differential roles of some GIMAPs in lymphocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schwefel
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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Sionov RV. MicroRNAs and Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoid Malignancies. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:348212. [PMID: 23431463 PMCID: PMC3569899 DOI: 10.1155/2013/348212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The initial response of lymphoid malignancies to glucocorticoids (GCs) is a critical parameter predicting successful treatment. Although being known as a strong inducer of apoptosis in lymphoid cells for almost a century, the signaling pathways regulating the susceptibility of the cells to GCs are only partly revealed. There is still a need to develop clinical tests that can predict the outcome of GC therapy. In this paper, I discuss important parameters modulating the pro-apoptotic effects of GCs, with a specific emphasis on the microRNA world comprised of small players with big impacts. The journey through the multifaceted complexity of GC-induced apoptosis brings forth explanations for the differential treatment response and raises potential strategies for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein-Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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35
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Shepherd C, Banerjee L, Cheung CW, Mansour MR, Jenkinson S, Gale RE, Khwaja A. PI3K/mTOR inhibition upregulates NOTCH-MYC signalling leading to an impaired cytotoxic response. Leukemia 2012; 27:650-60. [PMID: 23038273 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PI3K, mTOR and NOTCH pathways are frequently dysregulated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). Blockade of PI3K and mTOR with the dual inhibitor PI-103 decreased proliferation in all 15 T-ALL cell lines tested, inducing cell death in three. Combined PI3K/mTOR/NOTCH inhibition (with a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI)) led to enhanced cell-cycle arrest and to subsequent cell death in 7/11 remaining NOTCH mutant cell lines. Commitment to cell death occurred within 48-72 h and was maximal when PI3K, mTOR and NOTCH activities were inhibited. PI-103 addition led to upregulation of c-MYC, which was blocked by coincubation with a GSI, indicating that PI3K/mTOR inhibition resulted in activation of the NOTCH-MYC pathway. Microarray studies showed a global increase in NOTCH target gene expression upon PI3K/mTOR inhibition. NOTCH-MYC-induced resistance to PI3K/mTOR inhibition was supported by synergistic cell death induction by PI-103 and a small molecule c-MYC inhibitor, and by reduction of the cytotoxic effect of PI-103+GSI by c-MYC overexpression. These results show that drugs targeting PI3K/mTOR can upregulate NOTCH-MYC activity, have implications for the use of PI3K inhibitors for the treatment of other malignancies with activated NOTCH, and provide a rational basis for the use of drug combinations that target both the pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shepherd
- Department of Haematology, University College, London, UK
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36
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Pallavi SK, Ho DM, Hicks C, Miele L, Artavanis-Tsakonas S. Notch and Mef2 synergize to promote proliferation and metastasis through JNK signal activation in Drosophila. EMBO J 2012; 31:2895-907. [PMID: 22580825 PMCID: PMC3395089 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic analyses in Drosophila revealed a synergy between Notch and the pleiotropic transcription factor Mef2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2), which profoundly influences proliferation and metastasis. We show that these hyperproliferative and invasive Drosophila phenotypes are attributed to upregulation of eiger, a member of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily of ligands, and the consequent activation of Jun N-terminal kinase signalling, which in turn triggers the expression of the invasive marker MMP1. Expression studies in human breast tumour samples demonstrate correlation between Notch and Mef2 paralogues and support the notion that Notch-MEF2 synergy may be significant for modulating human mammary oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Pallavi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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37
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Walbott H, Machado-Pinilla R, Liger D, Blaud M, Réty S, Grozdanov PN, Godin K, van Tilbeurgh H, Varani G, Meier UT, Leulliot N. The H/ACA RNP assembly factor SHQ1 functions as an RNA mimic. Genes Dev 2011; 25:2398-408. [PMID: 22085966 DOI: 10.1101/gad.176834.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SHQ1 is an essential assembly factor for H/ACA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) required for ribosome biogenesis, pre-mRNA splicing, and telomere maintenance. SHQ1 binds dyskerin/NAP57, the catalytic subunit of human H/ACA RNPs, and this interaction is modulated by mutations causing X-linked dyskeratosis congenita. We report the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of yeast SHQ1, Shq1p, and its complex with yeast dyskerin/NAP57, Cbf5p, lacking its catalytic domain. The C-terminal domain of Shq1p interacts with the RNA-binding domain of Cbf5p and, through structural mimicry, uses the RNA-protein-binding sites to achieve a specific protein-protein interface. We propose that Shq1p operates as a Cbf5p chaperone during RNP assembly by acting as an RNA placeholder, thereby preventing Cbf5p from nonspecific RNA binding before association with an H/ACA RNA and the other core RNP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Walbott
- Institut de Biochimie et de Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
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38
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Andersson ER, Sandberg R, Lendahl U. Notch signaling: simplicity in design, versatility in function. Development 2011; 138:3593-612. [PMID: 21828089 DOI: 10.1242/dev.063610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is evolutionarily conserved and operates in many cell types and at various stages during development. Notch signaling must therefore be able to generate appropriate signaling outputs in a variety of cellular contexts. This need for versatility in Notch signaling is in apparent contrast to the simple molecular design of the core pathway. Here, we review recent studies in nematodes, Drosophila and vertebrate systems that begin to shed light on how versatility in Notch signaling output is generated, how signal strength is modulated, and how cross-talk between the Notch pathway and other intracellular signaling systems, such as the Wnt, hypoxia and BMP pathways, contributes to signaling diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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39
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Notch-ing from T-cell to B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Cancer Lett 2011; 308:1-13. [PMID: 21652011 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Notch receptors are transmembrane proteins critically determining cell fate and maintenance of progenitor cells in many developmental systems. Notch signaling is involved in stem cell self-renewal and regulates the main functions of cell life at different levels of development: cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. By virtue of its involvement in the regulation of cell physiology, it is not surprising that a deregulation of the Notch pathway leads to the development of different tumors. In this review, we critically discuss the latest findings concerning Notch roles in hematologic oncology, with a special focus on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and B-cell malignancies. We also describe the molecular mediators of Notch-driven oncogenic effects and the current pharmacological approaches targeting Notch signaling.
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40
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Suliman S, Tan J, Xu K, Kousis PC, Kowalski PE, Chang G, Egan SE, Guidos C. Notch3 is dispensable for thymocyte β-selection and Notch1-induced T cell leukemogenesis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24937. [PMID: 21931869 PMCID: PMC3172312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch1 (N1) signaling induced by intrathymic Delta-like (DL) ligands is required for T cell lineage commitment as well as self-renewal during “β-selection” of TCRβ+ CD4−CD8− double negative 3 (DN3) T cell progenitors. However, over-expression of the N1 intracellular domain (ICN1) renders N1 activation ligand-independent and drives leukemic transformation during β-selection. DN3 progenitors also express Notch3 (N3) mRNA, and over-expression of ligand-independent mutant N3 (ICN3) influences β-selection and drives T cell leukemogenesis. However, the importance of ligand-activated N3 in promoting β-selection and ICN1-induced T cell leukemogenesis has not been examined. To address these questions we generated mice lacking functional N3. We confirmed that DN3 progenitors express N3 protein using a N3-specific antibody. Surprisingly however, N3-deficient DN3 thymocytes were not defective in generating DP thymocytes under steady state conditions or in more stringent competition assays. To determine if N3 co-operates with N1 to regulate β-selection, we generated N1;N3 compound mutants. However, N3 deficiency did not exacerbate the competitive defect of N1+/− DN3 progenitors, demonstrating that N3 does not compensate for limiting N1 during T cell development. Finally, N3 deficiency did not attenuate T cell leukemogenesis induced by conditional expression of ICN1 in DN3 thymocytes. Importantly, we showed that in contrast to N1, N3 has a low binding affinity for DL4, the most abundant intrathymic DL ligand. Thus, despite the profound effects of ectopic ligand-independent N3 activation on T cell development and leukemogenesis, physiologically activated N3 is dispensable for both processes, likely because N3 interacts poorly with intrathymic DL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Suliman
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanne Tan
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keli Xu
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philaretos C. Kousis
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul E. Kowalski
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg Chang
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean E. Egan
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia Guidos
- Program in Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Genome-wide analysis reveals conserved and divergent features of Notch1/RBPJ binding in human and murine T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:14908-13. [PMID: 21737748 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109023108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch1 regulates gene expression by associating with the DNA-binding factor RBPJ and is oncogenic in murine and human T-cell progenitors. Using ChIP-Seq, we find that in human and murine T-lymphoblastic leukemia (TLL) genomes Notch1 binds preferentially to promoters, to RBPJ binding sites, and near imputed ZNF143, ETS, and RUNX sites. ChIP-Seq confirmed that ZNF143 binds to ∼40% of Notch1 sites. Notch1/ZNF143 sites are characterized by high Notch1 and ZNF143 signals, frequent cobinding of RBPJ (generally through sites embedded within ZNF143 motifs), strong promoter bias, and relatively low mean levels of activating chromatin marks. RBPJ and ZNF143 binding to DNA is mutually exclusive in vitro, suggesting RBPJ/Notch1 and ZNF143 complexes exchange on these sites in cells. K-means clustering of Notch1 binding sites and associated motifs identified conserved Notch1-RUNX, Notch1-ETS, Notch1-RBPJ, Notch1-ZNF143, and Notch1-ZNF143-ETS clusters with different genomic distributions and levels of chromatin marks. Although Notch1 binds mainly to gene promoters, ∼75% of direct target genes lack promoter binding and are presumably regulated by enhancers, which were identified near MYC, DTX1, IGF1R, IL7R, and the GIMAP cluster. Human and murine TLL genomes also have many sites that bind only RBPJ. Murine RBPJ-only sites are highly enriched for imputed REST (a DNA-binding transcriptional repressor) sites, whereas human RPBJ-only sites lack REST motifs and are more highly enriched for imputed CREB sites. Thus, there is a conserved network of cis-regulatory factors that interacts with Notch1 to regulate gene expression in TLL cells, as well as unique classes of divergent RBPJ-only sites that also likely regulate transcription.
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Serafin V, Persano L, Moserle L, Esposito G, Ghisi M, Curtarello M, Bonanno L, Masiero M, Ribatti D, Stürzl M, Naschberger E, Croner RS, Jubb AM, Harris AL, Koeppen H, Amadori A, Indraccolo S. Notch3 signalling promotes tumour growth in colorectal cancer. J Pathol 2011; 224:448-60. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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43
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Chen SM, Liu JP, Zhou JX, Chen C, Deng YQ, Wang Y, Tao ZZ. Suppression of the notch signaling pathway by γ-secretase inhibitor GSI inhibits human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation. Cancer Lett 2011; 306:76-84. [PMID: 21420785 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling has been suggested to be required for many human cancers. However, the role of Notch signaling in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (NPC) remains unknown. Here, we report that Notch-1, Notch-2, Notch-3 and Notch-4 are all detected in NPC cells. Notch inhibitor, GSI, suppresses the levels of Notch-1, Notch-2 and Notch-4, but not Notch-3. In addition, GSI inhibits NPC cell proliferation by inducing the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, GSI inhibits the AKT and MEK signaling, without affecting P38 and JNK1/2. Thus, NPC cells may up-regulate Notch signaling to maintain cell proliferation and targeting the Notch signaling pathway may offer a potential alternative strategy for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
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Notch protection against apoptosis in T-ALL cells mediated by GIMAP5. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 45:201-9. [PMID: 20817506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the role of Notch signalling in the development of T cell acute lymphoblasic leukaemia (T-ALL). Over-expression of Notch3 and gain of function mutations in the Notch1 gene have been reported. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of Notch signalling on apoptosis in human T-ALL cell lines and to identify targets of Notch signalling that may mediate this effect. Functional studies showed that inhibition of Notch signalling using gamma secretase inhibitors promoted glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in cells carrying gain of function mutations in Notch1. Moreover, ectopic expression of constitutively activated Notch provided protection against glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis, indicating that signalling via Notch may also contribute to the development of T-ALL by conferring resistance to apoptosis. Microarray analysis revealed that GIMAP5, a gene coding for an anti-apoptotic intracellular protein, is upregulated by Notch in T-ALL cell lines. Knockdown of GIMAP5 expression using siRNA promoted glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in T-ALL cells carrying gain of function mutations in Notch1 and in T-ALL cells engineered to express ectopic constitutively activated Notch indicating that Notch signalling protects T-ALL cells from apoptosis by upregulating the expression of GIMAP5.
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GIMAP Proteins in T-Lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2010; 2010:268589. [PMID: 21637352 PMCID: PMC3100574 DOI: 10.1155/2010/268589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
(GIMAPs) GTPase of the immunity associated protein family are a novel protein family of putative small GTPases. GIMAPs are mainly expressed in the cells of the immune system and have been associated with immunological functions, such as thymocyte development, apoptosis of peripheral lymphocytes and T helper cell differentiation. GIMAPs have also been linked to immunological diseases, such as T cell lymphopenia, leukemia and autoimmune diseases. In this review we examine the role of GIMAP proteins in T-lymphocyte biology.
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Wong VW, Saunders AE, Hutchings A, Pascall JC, Carter C, Bright NA, Walker SA, Ktistakis NT, Butcher GW. The autoimmunity-related GIMAP5 GTPase is a lysosome-associated protein. SELF NONSELF 2010; 1:259-268. [PMID: 21487483 DOI: 10.4161/self.1.3.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A mutation in the rat GIMAP5 gene predisposes for autoimmunity, most famously in the BB rat model of autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus. This mutation is associated with severe peripheral T lymphopenia, as is mutation of the same gene in mice, but the mechanism by which GIMAP5 normally protects T cells from death is unknown. GIMAP5 is a putative small GTPase, a class of proteins which often fulfil their functions in the vicinity of cellular membranes. The objective of this study was to determine the normal intracellular location of GIMAP5 in lymphoid cells. Combining studies in rat, mouse and human systems, novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used to examine the localization of GIMAP5 and the closely-related protein, GIMAP1, in lymphoid cells by means of confocal microscopy and sub-cellular fractionation combined with immunoblotting. Additionally, human Jurkat T cells that inducibly express epitope-tagged GIMAP5 were established and used in electron microscopy (EM). Endogenous GIMAP5 was found to be located in a membraneous compartment/s which was also detected by established markers of lysosomes. GIMAP1, by contrast, was found to be located in the Golgi apparatus. EM studies of the inducible Jurkat T cells also found GIMAP5 in lysosomes and, in addition, in multivesicular bodies. This study establishes that the endogenous location of GIMAP5 is in lysosomes and related compartments and provides a clearer context for hypotheses about its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Wy Wong
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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Rahman N, Stewart G, Jones G. A role for the atopy-associated gene PHF11 in T-cell activation and viability. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 88:817-24. [PMID: 20421878 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms within plant homeodomain finger protein 11 (PHF11) are associated with total IgE, allergic asthma and eczema. PHF11 is a transcriptional co-activator of the Th1 effector cytokine genes, interleukin-2 (IL2) and interferon-γ (IFNG), co-operating with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The involvement with NF-κB led us to test whether PHF11 might have a broader function in T-cell activation and viability. We show that PHF11 is abundant in the cytoplasm of T-cells and imported into the nucleus of activated T-cells. Consistent with its presence in the nucleus, PHF11 was recruited to the IFNG promoter and over-expression of PHF11 increased the binding of NF-κB to the IFNG promoter and IFNG gene transcription. Over-expression of PHF11 did not increase IL2 gene transcription, suggesting some specificity in promoter recognition. In contrast, small-interfering RNA knock-down of PHF11 decreased transcription of both IFNG and IL2 and led to decreased CD28 cell-surface expression and reduced NF-κB nuclear import and DNA binding. Knock-down of PHF11 also decreased cell viability and was accompanied by reduced expression of GIMAP4 and 5 genes required for T-cell differentiation, viability and homeostasis. Therefore, in addition to its earlier identified function in regulating Th1 cytokine gene expression, we now show that PHF11 has a broader function in contributing to T-cell activation and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Rahman
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
Abstract
The guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) of the immunity-associated protein (GIMAP) family of putative GTPases has been implicated in the regulation of T-lymphocyte development and survival. A mouse conditional knockout allele was generated for the immune GTPase gene GIMAP1. Homozygous loss of this allele under the influence of the lymphoid-expressed hCD2-iCre recombinase transgene led to severe (> 85%) deficiency of mature T lymphocytes and, unexpectedly, of mature B lymphocytes. By contrast there was little effect of GIMAP1 deletion on immature lymphocytes in either B or T lineages, although in vitro studies showed a shortening of the survival time of both immature and mature CD4+ single-positive thymocytes. These findings show a vital requirement for GIMAP1 in mature lymphocyte development/survival and draw attention to the nonredundant roles of members of the GIMAP GTPase family in these processes.
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Notch: From fly wings to human hematological tumors. ARCHIVE OF ONCOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.2298/aoo0904072m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch history begins in 1919 with Thomas Hunt Morgan studies on fruit fly mutants. From then, this gene aroused lively interest in the scientific community since it is involved in a wide variety of processes, including morphogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and stem cell maintenance. Deregulation of Notch signaling characterizes several human tumors. Hematopoietic system is affected by mutations of Notch receptors, Notch ligands, and proteins controlling their stability. Approximately 60% T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients carry activating Notch1 mutations prompting blasts growth. In addition, multiple myeloma is characterized by Notch signaling hyper-activation due to an abnormal expression of the Jagged2 ligand; this affects not only myeloma cells, but also their interaction with bone marrow microenvironment, influencing tumor burden and bone disease. These findings make Notch a rational target of a therapeutic approach. Inhibitors of the Notch activating enzyme, ?-Secretase, have been successfully used in vitro and in vivo and are currently under clinical trials for T-ALL and breast cancer. Yet a wide use of these inhibitors is prevented by frequently occurring drug resistance. To elucidate the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, a number of pathways have been identified mediating Notch biological effects: AKT and c-Myc are frequently deregulated in leukemic patients and account for resistance to ?-Secretase inhibitors by acting downstream Notch receptor. Therefore, the interaction of Notch with other cancer-associated proteins should be clarified to predict the biological outcome of a Notch targeted therapy and possibly, to exploit combined treatments against the key deregulated elements in Notch-associated cancers.
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