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Bouammali H, Zraibi L, Ziani I, Merzouki M, Bourassi L, Fraj E, Challioui A, Azzaoui K, Sabbahi R, Hammouti B, Jodeh S, Hassiba M, Touzani R. Rosemary as a Potential Source of Natural Antioxidants and Anticancer Agents: A Molecular Docking Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:89. [PMID: 38202397 PMCID: PMC10780489 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. compounds, especially its main polyphenolic compounds, carnosic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA), influence various facets of cancer biology, making them valuable assets in the ongoing fight against cancer. These two secondary metabolites exhibit formidable antioxidant properties that are a pivotal contributor against the development of cancer. Their antitumor effect has been related to diverse mechanisms. In the case of CA, it has the capacity to induce cell death of cancer cells through the rise in ROS levels within the cells, the inhibition of protein kinase AKT, the activation of autophagy-related genes (ATG) and the disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential. Regarding RA, its antitumor actions encompass apoptosis induction through caspase activation, the inhibition of cell proliferation by interrupting cell cycle progression and epigenetic regulation, antioxidative stress-induced DNA damage, and interference with angiogenesis to curtail tumor growth. To understand the molecular interaction between rosemary compounds (CA and RA) and a protein that is involved in cancer and inflammation, S100A8, we have performed a series of molecular docking analyses using the available three-dimensional structures (PDBID: 1IRJ, 1MR8, and 4GGF). The ligands showed different binding intensities in the active sites with the protein target molecules, except for CA with the 1MR8 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham Bouammali
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Linda Zraibi
- Water, Environment and Sustainable Development Laboratory (LEEDD), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco;
| | - Imane Ziani
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Mohammed Merzouki
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Lamiae Bourassi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Elmehdi Fraj
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Allal Challioui
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Khalil Azzaoui
- Laboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco;
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fez 30070, Morocco; (R.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Rachid Sabbahi
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fez 30070, Morocco; (R.S.); (B.H.)
- Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, Quartier 25 Mars, P.O. Box 3007, Laayoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fez 30070, Morocco; (R.S.); (B.H.)
- Laboratory of Industrial Engineering, Energy and the Environment (LI3E), SupMTI, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Shehdeh Jodeh
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine;
| | - Maryam Hassiba
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Rachid Touzani
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Environment (LCAE), Faculty of Science Oujda, University Mohammed First, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (I.Z.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (E.F.); (A.C.); (R.T.)
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Haymour L, Jean M, Smulski C, Legembre P. CD95 (Fas) and CD95L (FasL)-mediated non-canonical signaling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189004. [PMID: 37865305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the interaction of CD95L (also known as FasL) with its so-called death receptor CD95 (Fas) induces an apoptotic signal responsible for the elimination of infected and cancer cells and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, this receptor can also implement non apoptotic signaling pathways. This latter signaling is involved in metastatic dissemination in certain cancers and the severity of auto-immune disorders. The signaling complexity of this pair is increased by the fact that CD95 expression itself seems to contribute to oncogenesis via a CD95L-independent manner and, that both ligand and receptor might interact with other partners modulating their pathophysiological functions. Finally, CD95L itself can trigger cell signaling in immune cells rendering complex the interpretation of mouse models in which CD95 or CD95L are knocked out. Herein, we discuss these non-canonical responses and their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Haymour
- UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, Université Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Mickael Jean
- Université de Rennes, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR CNRS 6226 Equipe COrInt, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Cristian Smulski
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Patrick Legembre
- UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, Université Limoges, Limoges, France.
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Tufail M, Wu C. RANK pathway in cancer: underlying resistance and therapeutic approaches. J Chemother 2023; 35:369-382. [PMID: 36200617 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2129752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the deadliest diseases despite advances in treatment. Metastatic cancers are the leading cause of death for advanced cancer patients. Those with advanced cancer with osteolytic-type bone metastases have a significantly lower quality of life. A novel treatment plan is needed now more than ever for breast cancer patients with bone metastases. There are shreds of evidence that cancer cells in the bloodstream interact with the bone microenvironment and that this interaction is a contributing component to breast cancer progression. Preventing any stage of this cycle can result in anti-metastasis effects. Since RANKL interacts with its receptor RANK and plays an important role in the vicious cycle, it has proven to be a successful therapeutic target in cancer treatment. As a result, we have presented a complete overview of the RANK pathway in cancer and discussed RANK signaling and tumor microenvironment, and potential therapeutic approaches in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Samsonraj RM, Law SF, Chandra A, Pignolo RJ. An unbiased proteomics approach to identify the senescence-associated secretory phenotype of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101674. [PMID: 36994454 PMCID: PMC10041468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow can support skeletal tissue repair and regeneration owing to their self-renewing capacity, differentiation ability, and trophic functions. Bone marrow-derived MSCs undergo dramatic changes with aging, including the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which may largely contribute to age-related changes in bone tissue leading to osteoporosis. A mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach was used to investigate the MSC SASP. Replicative senescence was achieved by exhaustive in vitro sub-cultivation and confirmed by standard proliferation criteria. Conditioned media from non-senescent and senescent MSCs underwent mass spectrometry. Proteomics and bioinformatics analyses enabled the identification of 95 proteins expressed uniquely in senescent MSCs. Protein ontology analysis revealed the enrichment of proteins linked to the extracellular matrix, exosomes, cell adhesion, and calcium ion binding. The proteomic analysis was independently validated by taking ten identified proteins with relevance to bone aging and confirming their increased abundance in conditioned media from replicatively senescent versus non-senescent MSCs (ACTα2, LTF, SOD1, IL-6, LTBP2, PXDN, SERPINE 1, COL1α1, THBS1, OPG). These target proteins were used to further investigate changes in the MSC SASP profile in response to other inducers of senescence, ionizing radiation (IR) and H2O2. Similar secreted protein expression profiles with replicatively senescent cells were seen with H2O2 treatment except for LTF and PXDN, which were increased by IR treatment. With both IR and H2O2 treatment there was a decrease in THBS1. In vivo investigation of these secreted proteins with aging was shown by significant changes in the abundance of OPG, COL1α1, IL-6, ACTα2, SERPINE 1, and THBS1 in the plasma of aged rats. This unbiased, comprehensive analysis of the changes in the MSC secretome with senescence defines the unique protein signature of the SASP in these cells and provides a better understanding of the aging bone microenvironment. Identified the senescence-associated secretory phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells. Investigated protein expression under different senescence induction conditions. Showed significant changes in in vivo abundance of target proteins in aging rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan F. Law
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abhishek Chandra
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert J. Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Corresponding author at: Robert and Arlene Kogod Professor of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Anti-Tumoral Effect of Chemerin on Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines Mediated by Activation of Interferon Alpha Response. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174108. [PMID: 36077645 PMCID: PMC9454566 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemerin is a multifunctional protein with an important role in the immune system. Recent evidence showed that chemerin also regulates the development of cancer. Ovarian cancer is a common type of tumor in women. In this study, we observed that chemerin decreases the growth of ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro when cultivated in standard cell culture or in globular multicellular aggregates. When we examined the mechanisms involved in this process, we found that treatment of ovarian cancer cells with chemerin led to the activation of genes that are known to mediate the effects of interferon alpha (IFNα). The main effect of IFNα is to defend body cells against viral infections, but it is also able to defeat cancer cells. We observed that this activation of IFNα response by chemerin resulted from the increased production of IFNα protein in ovarian cancer cells, which then reduced cancer cells numbers. However, it remains to be investigated how exactly chemerin might be able to activate interferon alpha and its anti-tumoral actions. Abstract The pleiotropic adipokine chemerin affects tumor growth primarily as anti-tumoral chemoattractant inducing immunocyte recruitment. However, little is known about its effect on ovarian adenocarcinoma. In this study, we examined chemerin actions on ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and intended to elucidate involved cell signaling mechanisms. Employing three ovarian cancer cell lines, we observed differentially pronounced effects of this adipokine. Treatment with chemerin (huChem-157) significantly reduced OVCAR-3 cell numbers (by 40.8% on day 6) and decreased the colony and spheroid growth of these cells by half. The spheroid size of SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells was also significantly reduced upon treatment. Transcriptome analyses of chemerin-treated cells revealed the most notably induced genes to be interferon alpha (IFNα)-response genes like IFI27, OAS1 and IFIT1 and their upstream regulator IRF9 in all cell lines tested. Finally, we found this adipokine to elevate IFNα levels about fourfold in culture medium of the employed cell lines. In conclusion, our data for the first time demonstrate IFNα as a mediator of chemerin action in vitro. The observed anti-tumoral effect of chemerin on ovarian cancer cells in vitro was mediated by the notable activation of IFNα response genes, resulting from the chemerin-triggered increase of secreted levels of this cytokine.
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Ren Q, Zhang W, Li P, Zhou J, Li Z, Zhou Y, Li M. Upregulation of osteoprotegerin inhibits tert‑butyl hydroperoxide‑induced apoptosis of human chondrocytes. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:470. [PMID: 35747145 PMCID: PMC9204554 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrosis of the femoral head (NFH) is an orthopedic disease characterized by a severe lack of blood supply to the femoral head and a marked increase in intraosseous pressure. NFH is associated with numerous factors, such as alcohol consumption and hormone levels. The present study focused on the expression levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in NFH and the effect of OPG overexpression on chondrocyte apoptosis. The results demonstrated that OPG expression was markedly decreased in the femoral head of patients with NFH compared with normal femoral heads. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of OPG in human chondrocytes reversed the decrease in cell viability and the increase in reactive oxygen species production induced by an oxidative stress-inducing factor, tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Flow cytometry and TUNEL assays revealed that OPG overexpression inhibited the apoptosis of chondrocytes. In addition, it was revealed that OPG exerted its anti-apoptotic effect mainly by promoting Bcl-2 expression and Akt phosphorylation and inhibiting caspase-3 cleavage and Bax expression. The present study revealed that OPG may be an important regulator of NFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Ren
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Wenfei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Hematology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Jianli Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, Shandong 253014, P.R. China
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Kwok ML, Meng Q, Hu XL, Chung CT, Chan KM. Whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) study of the ZFL zebrafish liver cell line after acute exposure to Cd 2+ ions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105628. [PMID: 32971353 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential metal with no known biological function and a broad range of toxic effects in biological systems. We used whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to study the effects of Cd2+ toxicity in zebrafish liver cells, ZFL. The results of an RNA-Seq analysis of ZFL cells exposed to 5, 10 or 20 μM Cd2+ for 4- or 24-h. The differentially expressed genes affected by Cd2+ were analyzed by using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis to study the regulated pathways. Cd2+ regulated the expression of genes associated with cellular Cu, Zn, and Fe homeostasis, DNA replication leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and glutathione metabolism. Cd2+ boosted up the amino acid synthesis, possibly to support the glutathione metabolism for tackling the oxidative stress generated from Cd2+. Cd2+ stimulation was similar to heat or xenobiotics, based on the responses from ZFL such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein folding. We linked also those finding of gene activations relating to carcinogenesis of Cd. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the expression profiles induced by Cd2+ exposure in ZFL cells, as well as useful insights into the specific toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Long Kwok
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin., N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Qi Meng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin., N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Xue Lei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin., N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Chun Ting Chung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin., N.T., Hong Kong
| | - King Ming Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin., N.T., Hong Kong.
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Pesticides, cognitive functions and dementia: A review. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:31-51. [PMID: 32145396 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely-used chemicals commonly applied in agriculture for the protection of crops from pests. Depending on the class of pesticides, the specific substances may have a specific set of adverse effects on humans, especially in cases of acute poisoning. In past years, evidence regarding sequelae of chronic, low-level exposure has been accumulating. Cognitive impairment and dementia heavily affect a person's quality of life and scientific data has been hinting towards an association between them and antecedent chronic pesticide exposure. Here, we reviewed animal and human studies exploring the association between pesticide exposure, cognition and dementia. Additionally, we present potential mechanisms through which pesticides may act neurotoxically and lead to neurodegeneration. Study designs rarely presented homogeneity and the estimation of the exposure to pesticides has been most frequently performed without measuring the synergic effects and the possible interactions between the toxicants within mixtures, and also overlooking low exposures to environmental toxicants. It is possible that a Real-Life Risk Simulation approach would represent a robust alternative for future studies, so that the safe exposure limits and the net risk that pesticides confer to impaired cognitive function can be examined. Previous studies that evaluated the effect of low dose chronic exposure to mixtures of pesticides and other chemicals intending to simulate real life exposure scenarios showed that hormetic neurobehavioral effects can appear after mixture exposure at doses considered safe for individual compounds and these effects can be exacerbated by a coexistence with specific conditions such as vitamin deficiency. However, there is an overall indication, derived from both epidemiologic and laboratory evidence, supporting an association between exposure to neurotoxic pesticides and cognitive dysfunction, dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Yin L, Yang Z, Wu Y, Denslin V, Yu CC, Tee CA, Lim CT, Han J, Lee EH. Label-free separation of mesenchymal stem cell subpopulations with distinct differentiation potencies and paracrine effects. Biomaterials 2020; 240:119881. [PMID: 32092592 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, and produce trophic factors to facilitate tissue repair and regeneration, and disease regression. However, the heterogeneity of MSCs, whether inherent or developed during culture expansion, has a significant impact on their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the ability to identify and select an efficacious subpopulation of MSCs targeting specific tissue damage or disease holds great clinical significance. In this study, we separated three subpopulations from culture expanded human bone marrow derived MSCs according to cell size, using a high-throughput label-free microfluidic cell sorting technology. The size-sorted MSC subpopulations varied in tri-lineage differentiation potencies. The large MSCs showed the strongest osteogenesis, medium-size MSCs were advantageous in chondrogenesis and adipogenesis, and the small MSCs showed the weakest tri-lineage differentiation. The size-sorted MSC subpopulations also exhibited different secretome profiles. The large MSC secretome possessed highest levels of osteogenic promotor proteins and senescence-associated factors, but lower levels of osteogenic inhibitor proteins compared to the medium-size MSC secretome. The medium-size MSC secretome had high levels of chondrogenic promotor proteins, and contained lower levels of chondrogenic inhibitor proteins compared to the large MSC secretome. The secretome of size-sorted MSC subpopulations showed differences in paracrine effects. We found that the secretome of large MSCs enhanced osteogenic and adipogenic potencies during MSC culture expansion, but also induced cell senescence; and the secretome of medium-size MSCs promoted chondrogenesis. This study demonstrates size-dependent differentiation potency and secretome profile of MSC subpopulations, and provides an effective and practical technology to isolate the respective subpopulations, which may be used for more targeted tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yin
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Singapore; NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore 27 Medical Drive1, DSO (Kent Bridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore, 11751, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block 11, Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Yingnan Wu
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore 27 Medical Drive1, DSO (Kent Bridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore, 11751, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block 11, Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Vinitha Denslin
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore 27 Medical Drive1, DSO (Kent Bridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore, 11751, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block 11, Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Chia Chen Yu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ching Ann Tee
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block 11, Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab, #10-01, Singapore, 117411, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, Singapore, 117583, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, #14-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Singapore; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalised Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, #04-13/14, Singapore, 138602, Singapore; NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore 27 Medical Drive1, DSO (Kent Bridge) Building, Level 4, Singapore, 11751, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower block 11, Singapore, 119288, Singapore.
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Deligiorgi MV, Panayiotidis MI, Griniatsos J, Trafalis DT. Harnessing the versatile role of OPG in bone oncology: counterbalancing RANKL and TRAIL signaling and beyond. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:13-30. [PMID: 31578655 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
More than 2 decades ago, the discovery of osteoprotegerin (OPG) as inhibitor of the receptor of activator of nuclear factor Kb (RANK) ligand (RANKL) revolutionized our understanding of bone biology and oncology. Besides acting as decoy receptor for RANKL, OPG acts as decoy receptor for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). OPG, RANKL, and TRAIL are ubiquitously expressed, stimulating per se pivotal signaling cascades implicated in cancer. In the context of cancer cell-bone cell interactions, cancer cells skew the OPG/RANKL/RANK (RANKL cognate receptor) balance towards bone destruction and tumor growth through favoring the RANKL/RANK interface, circumventing OPG. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate the dual role of OPG in cancer: antitumor and tumor-promoting. OPG potentially conveys an antitumor signal through inhibiting the tumor-promoting RANKL signaling-both the osteoclast-dependent and the osteoclast-independent-and the tumor-promoting TRAIL signaling. On the other hand, the presumed tumor-promoting functions of OPG are: (i) abrogation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis of cancer cells; (ii) abrogation of RANKL-induced antitumor immunity; and (iii) stimulation of oncogenic and prometastatic signaling cascades downstream of the interaction of OPG with diverse proteins. The present review dissects the role of OPG in bone oncology. It presents the available preclinical and clinical data sustaining the dual role of OPG in cancer and focuses on the imbalanced RANKL/RANK/OPG interplay in the landmark "vicious cycle" of skeletal metastatic disease, osteosarcoma, and multiple myeloma. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives in exploiting OPG signaling in bone oncology therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Deligiorgi
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Room A516, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - John Griniatsos
- 1st Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Str, Goudi, 115-27, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Amin N, Clark CCT, Taghizadeh M, Djafarnejad S. Zinc supplements and bone health: The role of the RANKL-RANK axis as a therapeutic target. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 57:126417. [PMID: 31653549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To this day, empirical data suggests that zinc has important roles in matrix synthesis, bone turnover, and mineralization and its beneficial effects on bone could be mediated through different mechanisms. The influence of zinc on bone turnover could be facilitated via regulating RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway in bone tissue. Therefore, the aim of the study was to conduct a review to investigate the possible effect of the zinc mediated bone remodeling via RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. METHODS A comprehensive systematic search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar to explore the studies investigating the effect of zinc as a bone remodeling factor via RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway regulation. Subsequently, the details of the pathway and the impact of zinc supplements on RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway regulation were discussed. RESULTS The pathway could play an important role in bone remodeling and any imbalance between RANKL/RANK/OPG components could lead to extreme bone resorption. Although the outcomes of some studies are equivocal, it is evident that zinc possesses protective properties against bone loss by regulating the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. There are several experiments where zinc supplementation resulted in upregulation of OPG expression or decreases RANKL level. However, the results of some studies oppose this. CONCLUSION It is likely that sufficient zinc intake will elicit positive effects on bone health by RANKL/RANK/OPG regulation. Although the outcomes of a few studies are equivocal, it seems that zinc can exert the protective properties against bone loss by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via downregulation of RANKL/RANK. Additionally, there are several experiments where zinc supplementation resulted in upregulation of OPG expression. However, the results of limited studies oppose this. Therefore, aside from the positive role zinc possesses in preserving bone mass, further effects of zinc in RANKL/RANK/OPG system requires further animal/human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Amin
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Djafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Ascites from Ovarian Cancer Induces Novel Fucosylated Proteins. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2019; 12:181-195. [PMID: 31267484 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-019-00227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is considered to be the most lethal type of gynecological cancer. During the advanced stages of ovarian cancer, an accumulation of ascites is observed. Fucosylation has been classified as an abnormal post-translational modification that is present in many diseases, including ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer cells that are cultured with ascites stimulation change their morphology; concomitantly, the fucosylation process is altered. However, it is not known which fucosylated proteins are modified. The goal of this work was to identify the differentially fucosylated proteins that are expressed by ovarian cancer cell lines that are cultured with ovarian cancer patients' ascites. Aleuria aurantia lectin was used to detect fucosylation, and some changes were observed, especially in the cell membrane. Affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) were used to identify 6 fucosylated proteins. Four proteins (Intermediate filament family orphan 1 [IFFO1], PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 [PHF20L1], immunoglobulin gamma 1 heavy chain variable region partial [IGHV1-2], and Zinc finger protein 224 [ZNF224]) were obtained from cell cultures stimulated with ascites, and the other two proteins (Peregrin [BRPF1] and Dystrobrevin alpha [DTNA]) were obtained under normal culture conditions. The fucosylated state of some of these proteins was further analyzed. The experimental results show that the ascites of ovarian cancer patients modulated the fucosylation process. The PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1, Zinc finger protein 224 and Peregrin proteins colocalize with fucosylation at different levels.
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van Dam PA, Verhoeven Y, Jacobs J, Wouters A, Tjalma W, Lardon F, Van den Wyngaert T, Dewulf J, Smits E, Colpaert C, Prenen H, Peeters M, Lammens M, Trinh XB. RANK-RANKL Signaling in Cancer of the Uterine Cervix: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2183. [PMID: 31052546 PMCID: PMC6540175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RANK ligand (RANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor alpha superfamily of cytokines. It is the only known ligand binding to a membrane receptor named receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), thereby triggering recruitment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins and activation of downstream pathways. RANK/RANKL signaling is controlled by a decoy receptor called osteoprotegerin (OPG), but also has additional more complex levels of regulation. The existing literature on RANK/RANKL signaling in cervical cancer was reviewed, particularly focusing on the effects on the microenvironment. RANKL and RANK are frequently co-expressed in cervical cancer cells lines and in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. RANKL and OPG expression strongly increases during cervical cancer progression. RANKL is directly secreted by cervical cancer cells, which may be a mechanism they use to create an immune suppressive environment. RANKL induces expression of multiple activating cytokines by dendritic cells. High RANK mRNA levels and high immunohistochemical OPG expression are significantly correlated with high clinical stage, tumor grade, presence of lymph node metastases, and poor overall survival. Inhibition of RANKL signaling has a direct effect on tumor cell proliferation and behavior, but also alters the microenvironment. Abundant circumstantial evidence suggests that RANKL inhibition may (partially) reverse an immunosuppressive status. The use of denosumab, a monoclonal antibody directed to RANKL, as an immunomodulatory strategy is an attractive concept which should be further explored in combination with immune therapy in patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A van Dam
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Yannick Verhoeven
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Julie Jacobs
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Wiebren Tjalma
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Jonatan Dewulf
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Cécile Colpaert
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Histopathology, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Histopathology, Gasthuiszusters Antwerpen (GZA) Hospitals, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Hans Prenen
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Marc Peeters
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Martin Lammens
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Histopathology, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Xuan Bich Trinh
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Estrogen deficiency impairs integrin α vβ 3-mediated mechanosensation by osteocytes and alters osteoclastogenic paracrine signalling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4654. [PMID: 30874595 PMCID: PMC6420496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrin αvβ3 has been shown to play an important role in osteocyte mechanotransduction. It has been reported that there are fewer β3 integrin-containing cells in osteoporotic bone cells. Osteocytes cultured in vitro under estrogen deficient conditions demonstrate altered mechanotransduction. However, it is unknown whether the altered mechanotransduction in estrogen deficient osteocytes is directly associated with defective αvβ3 expression or signalling. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of estrogen deficiency for regulating MLO-Y4 cell morphology, αvβ3 expression, focal adhesion formation and mechanotransduction by osteocytes. Here, we report that estrogen withdrawal leads to a smaller focal adhesion area and reduced αvβ3 localisation at focal adhesion sites, resulting in an increased Rankl/Opg ratio and defective Cox-2 responses to oscillatory fluid flow. Interestingly, αvβ3 antagonism had a similar effect on focal adhesion assembly, Rankl/Opg ratio, and Cox-2 responses to oscillatory fluid flow. Taken together, our results provide the first evidence for a relationship between estrogen withdrawal and defective αvβ3-mediated signalling. Specifically, this study implicates estrogen withdrawal as a putative mechanism responsible for altered αvβ3 expression and resultant changes in downstream signalling in osteocytes during post-menopausal osteoporosis, which might provide an important, but previously unidentified, contribution to the bone loss cascade.
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15
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Boisson-Vidal C, Benslimane-Ahmim Z, Lokajczyk A, Heymann D, Smadja DM. Osteoprotegerin Induces CD34 + Differentiation in Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:331. [PMID: 30538990 PMCID: PMC6277572 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are the main hypothetical cells that could give rise to vessels and in particular one subtype isolated from peripheral or cord bloods: endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs). These ECFCs are clonogenic precursors committed to endothelial lineage and have robust vasculogenic properties. However, their low number and poor expansion properties when isolated from human adult bloods, currently limit their use as an autologous cell therapy product. We previously reported that osteoprotegerin (OPG), a well-characterized regulator of bone metabolism, contributes to ischemic tissue revascularization, tumor growth in vivo, and potentiates ECFCs proangiogenic properties through the secretion of SDF-1. The current study investigated the role of OPG in ECFCs differentiation and expansion from cord blood CD34+ cells. OPG increased the number of ECFCs after endothelial differentiation of CD34+ cells, enhancing the time of EPCs colonies initial appearance and the growth kinetic of endothelial cell progeny. OPG-exposed ECFCs expressed higher levels of CD34+ compared to control ECFCs. In conclusion, our findings provide novel insights into OPG in regulation of CD34+ progenitor cells. These results give new opportunities for ex vivo expansion of human ECFCs using OPG as a cell culture component for future ECFC product manufacture according to GMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Boisson-Vidal
- Inserm, UMR_S1140, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zahia Benslimane-Ahmim
- Inserm, UMR_S1140, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anna Lokajczyk
- Inserm, UMR_S1140, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Inserm, UMR_S1232, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Université Nantes-Angers-Le Mans, Nantes, France
| | - David M Smadja
- Inserm, UMR_S1140, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hematology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
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16
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Goswami S, Sharma-Walia N. Osteoprotegerin rich tumor microenvironment: implications in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42777-42791. [PMID: 27072583 PMCID: PMC5173171 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble decoy receptor for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). It belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). OPG was initially discovered to contribute to homeostasis of bone turnover due to its capability of binding to receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB). However, apart from bone turnover, OPG plays important and diverse role(s) in many biological functions. Besides having anti-osteoclastic activity, OPG is thought to exert a protective anti-apoptotic action in OPG-expressing tumors by overcoming the physiologic mechanism of tumor surveillance exerted by TRAIL. Along with inhibiting TRAIL induced apoptosis, it can induce proliferation by binding to various cell surface receptors and thus turning on the canonical cell survival and proliferative pathways. OPG also induces angiogenesis, one of the hallmarks of cancer, thus facilitating tumor growth. Recently, the understanding of OPG and its different roles has been augmented substantially. This review is aimed at providing a very informative overview as to how OPG affects cancer progression especially breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Goswami
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Neelam Sharma-Walia
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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17
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Ahmad A, Alam K, Bittoun E, Siddiquei MM, Mohammad G, Mousa A, De Hertogh G, Opdenakker G. Unbalanced Vitreous Levels of Osteoprotegerin, RANKL, RANK, and TRAIL in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 26:1248-1260. [PMID: 28914577 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1343855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the expression of the proinflammatory and proangiogenic factor osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and the receptor RANK in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Vitreous samples from PDR and nondiabetic control patients and epiretinal membranes from PDR patients were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Vascular endothelial growth factor, OPG, and soluble RANK levels in vitreous samples from PDR patients were significantly higher than that in nondiabetic controls. Soluble TRAIL levels were significantly lower in PDR patients than that in nondiabetic control, whereas soluble RANKL levels did not differ significantly. RANKL, RANK, and TRAIL were expressed in vascular endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and CD45-expressing leukocytes in PDR epiretinal membranes. CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated expression of OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway and TRAIL might be related to inflammation and angiogenesis in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,b Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaiser Alam
- a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Emilie Bittoun
- c Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Department of Pathology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | | | - Ghulam Mohammad
- a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- a Department of Ophthalmology , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- c Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Department of Pathology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- d Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Leuven, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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18
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Crosstalk between stromal cells and cancer cells in pancreatic cancer: New insights into stromal biology. Cancer Lett 2017; 392:83-93. [PMID: 28189533 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Increasing evidence has confirmed the pivotal role of stromal components in the regulation of carcinogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance in PC. Interaction between neoplastic cells and stromal cells builds a specific microenvironment, which further modulates the malignant properties of cancer cells. Instead of being a "passive bystander", stroma may play a role as a "partner in crime" in PC. However, the role of stromal components in PC is complex and requires further investigation. In this article, we review recent advances regarding the regulatory roles and mechanisms of stroma biology, especially the cellular components such as pancreatic stellate cells, macrophages, neutrophils, adipocytes, epithelial cells, pericytes, mast cells, and lymphocytes, in PC. Crosstalk between stromal cells and cancer cells is thoroughly investigated. We also review the prognostic value and molecular therapeutic targets of stroma in PC. This review may help us further understand the molecular mechanisms of stromal biology and its role in PC development and therapeutic resistance. Moreover, targeting stroma components may provide new therapeutic strategies for this stubborn disease.
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19
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Kim S, Kim B, Song YS. Ascites modulates cancer cell behavior, contributing to tumor heterogeneity in ovarian cancer. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1173-8. [PMID: 27297561 PMCID: PMC5021036 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant ascites constitute a unique tumor microenvironment providing a physical structure for the accumulation of cellular and acellular components. Ascites is initiated and maintained by physical and biological factors resulting from underlying disease and forms an ecosystem that contributes to disease progression. It has been demonstrated that the cellular contents and the molecular signatures of ascites change continuously during the course of a disease. Over the past decade, increasing attention has been given to the characterization of components of ascites and their role in the progression of ovarian cancer, the most malignant gynecologic cancer in women. This review will discuss the role of ascites in disease progression, in terms of modulating cancer cell behavior and contributing to tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soochi Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boyun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Nano System Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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HWANG HYUNJUNG, JUNG SEUNGHEE, LEE HYUNGCHUL, HAN NAKYUNG, BAE INHWA, LEE MINYOUNG, HAN YOUNGHOON, KANG YOUNGSUN, LEE SUJAE, PARK HEONJOO, KO YOUNGGYU, LEE JAESEON. Identification of novel therapeutic targets in the secretome of ionizing radiation-induced senescent tumor cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:841-50. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Marley K, Bracha S, Seguin B. Osteoprotegerin activates osteosarcoma cells that co-express RANK and RANKL. Exp Cell Res 2015; 338:32-8. [PMID: 26254896 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive and often fatal cancer that afflicts over 1000 humans and 10,000 dogs per year in the United States. Recent evidence suggests deregulation in the signaling triad, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), its activating ligand (RANKL), and the RANKL inhibitor, osteoprotegerin (OPG) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of OS. This study investigated the expression of RANK and RANKL in osteosarcoma tumors and cell lines and describes an activating effect of OPG on OS cells in vitro. RESULTS Canine OS tumors and cell lines co-express mRNA for both RANK and RANKL. Expression of these proteins in OS cell lines was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. Expression of the soluble form of RANKL was not detected in media from OS cells. OPG-Fc incubation increased the phosphorylation status of ERK, AKT and the p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and induced NFκB translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in canine OS cells. OPG increased proliferation in both canine and human derived OS cell lines. CONCLUSION RANKL is produced by OS tumors and cell lines that also express RANK. This data provides preliminary evidence for a potential autocrine and or paracrine activation pathway in canine OS. An activating effect of exogenous OPG on signal transduction proteins, NFκB and proliferation in OS is described. These data provide new information concerning aberrant signaling in OS and could be important to those considering OPG as a therapeutic agent for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Marley
- Department of Clinical Sciences Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Shay Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Bernard Seguin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA.
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22
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Weichhaus M, Chung STM, Connelly L. Osteoprotegerin in breast cancer: beyond bone remodeling. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:117. [PMID: 26054853 PMCID: PMC4460694 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secreted protein and member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor superfamily. OPG has been well characterized as a regulator of bone metabolism which acts by blocking osteoclast maturation and preventing bone breakdown. Given this role, early studies on OPG in breast cancer focused on the administration of OPG in order to prevent the osteolysis observed with bone metastases. However OPG is also produced by the breast tumor cells themselves. Research focusing on OPG produced by breast tumor cells has revealed actions of OPG which promote tumor progression. In vitro studies into the role of OPG produced by breast tumor cells have demonstrated that OPG can block TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo studies show that OPG expression by breast tumors can promote tumor growth and metastasis. In addition it has been shown that OPG stimulates endothelial cell survival and tube formation thus it may indirectly promote breast tumor progression through impacting angiogenesis. This article will present a summary of the data concerning the tumor-promoting effects of OPG in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weichhaus
- Division of Natural Science and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, 3140 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu, HI, 96816, USA.
| | - Stephanie Tsang Mui Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.
| | - Linda Connelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.
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A tumor-targeting near-infrared laser-triggered drug delivery system based on GO@Ag nanoparticles for chemo-photothermal therapy and X-ray imaging. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5847-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Lane D, Matte I, Laplante C, Garde-Granger P, Rancourt C, Piché A. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) activates integrin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and Akt signaling in ovarian cancer cells to attenuate TRAIL-induced apoptosis. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:82. [PMID: 24267510 PMCID: PMC3874685 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to apoptosis is a major problem in ovarian cancer (OC) and correlates with poor prognosis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble secreted factor that acts as a decoy receptor for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). OPG has been reported to attenuate TRAIL-induced apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells, including OC cells. OPG-mediated protection against TRAIL has been attributed to its decoy receptor function. However, OPG activates integrin/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling in endothelial cells. In OC cells, activation of integrin/FAK signaling inhibits TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that OPG could attenuate TRAIL-induced apoptosis in OC cells through integrin/FAK signaling. METHODS In vitro experiments including immunoblots, colony formation assays, and apoptosis measurements were used to assess the effect of OPG on TRAIL-induced apoptosis. RESULTS Exogenous OPG protected from TRAIL-induced apoptosis in a TRAIL binding-independent manner and OPG protection was αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin/FAK signaling-dependent. Moreover, OPG-mediated activation of integrin/FAK signaling resulted in the activation of Akt. Inhibition of both integrin/FAK and Akt signaling significantly inhibited OPG-mediated attenuation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Although OPG also stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling did not significantly altered OPG protection. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide evidence, for the first time, that OPG can attenuate TRAIL-induced apoptosis in a TRAIL binding-independent manner through the activation of integrin/FAK/Akt signaling in OC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alain Piché
- Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5 N4, Canada.
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Osteoprotegerin contributes to the metastatic potential of cells with a dysfunctional TSC2 tumor-suppressor gene. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:938-50. [PMID: 23867796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its effects on bone metabolism, osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor family of receptors, promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and may act as a survival factor for tumor cells. We hypothesized that these cellular mechanisms of OPG may be involved in the growth and proliferation of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) cells, abnormal smooth muscle-like cells with mutations in one of the tuberous sclerosis complex tumor-suppressor genes (TSC1/TSC2) that cause LAM, a multisystem disease characterized by cystic lung destruction, lymphatic infiltration, and abdominal tumors. Herein, we show that OPG stimulated proliferation of cells cultured from explanted LAM lungs, and selectively induced migration of LAM cells identified by the loss of heterozygosity for TSC2. Consistent with these observations, cells with TSC2 loss of heterozygosity expressed the OPG receptors, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, syndecan-1, and syndecan-2. LAM lung nodules showed reactivities to antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, syndecan-1, and syndecan-2. LAM lung nodules also produced OPG, as shown by expression of OPG mRNA and colocalization of reactivities to anti-OPG and anti-gp100 (HMB45) antibodies in LAM lung nodules. Serum OPG was significantly higher in LAM patients than in normal volunteers. Based on these data, it appears that OPG may have tumor-promoting roles in the pathogenesis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis, perhaps acting as both autocrine and paracrine factors.
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Shi J, Wang Z, Wang L, Wang H, Li L, Yu X, Zhang J, Ma R, Zhang Z. Photodynamic therapy of a 2-methoxyestradiol tumor-targeting drug delivery system mediated by Asn-Gly-Arg in breast cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1551-62. [PMID: 23637528 PMCID: PMC3635665 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s40011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fullerene (C60) has shown great potential in drug delivery. In this study we exploited modified fullerene (diadduct malonic acid-fullerene-Asn-Gly-Arg peptide [DMA-C60-NGR]) as an antitumor drug carrier in order to build a new tumor-targeting drug delivery system. We also investigated the synergistic enhancement of cancer therapy using photodynamic therapy (PDT) induced by DMA-C60-NGR and 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME). Cytotoxicity tests indicated that DMA-C60-NGR had no obvious toxicity, while our drug delivery system (DMA-C60-2ME-NGR) had a high inhibition effect on MCF-7 cells compared to free 2ME. The tumor-targeting drug delivery system could efficiently cross cell membranes, and illumination induced the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. Furthermore, DMA-C60-2ME-NGR with irradiation had the highest inhibition effect on MCF-7 cells compared to the other groups. DMA-C60-NGR combined with 2ME showed a good synergistic photosensitization effect for inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 cells, demonstrating that DMA-C60-2ME-NGR may be promising for high treatment efficacy with minimal side effects in future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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27
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Kanzaki H, Ohtaki A, Merchant FK, Greene MI, Murali R. Mutations in K-Ras linked to levels of osteoprotegerin and sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cell death in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 94:372-9. [PMID: 23219833 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble receptor expressed in the serum of patients with diabetes, arthritis and pancreatic cancer. While OPG has been considered a tumor survival factor for bone metastasizing breast and prostate cancers, the role of OPG in pancreatic cancer, which itself rarely metastasizes to bone, is not known. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines were found to secrete OPG and the level of OPG production correlated with sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Silencing OPG sensitized cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, a positive correlation was noted between OPG production level and K-Ras mutation status. Earlier studies implicated K-Ras in conferring resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cells and this study demonstrates that K-Ras mediated TRAIL resistance in pancreatic cancer cells occurs due to increased OPG production. Silencing K-Ras in pancreatic cancer cells decreased OPG levels and increased sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. These observations indicate that OPG can play a role in both cell survival and in PDAC cell sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, which may contribute to metastasis. Targeted inhibition of OPG binding to TRAIL may represent a therapeutic approach in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Kanzaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Mierke CT. The biomechanical properties of 3d extracellular matrices and embedded cells regulate the invasiveness of cancer cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 61:217-36. [PMID: 21516307 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The malignancy of tumors depends on the biomechanical properties of cancer cells and their microenvironment, which enable cancer cells to migrate through the connective tissue, transmigrate through basement membranes and endothelial monolayers and form metastases in targeted organs. The current focus of cancer research is still based on biological capabilities such as molecular genetics and gene signaling, but these approaches ignore the mechanical nature of the invasion process of cancer cells. This review will focus on how structural, biochemical and mechanical properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs), and adjacent cells regulate the invasiveness of cancer cells. In addition, it presents how cancer cells create their own microenvironment by restructuring of the ECM and by interaction with stromal cells, which then further contribute to the progression of cancer disease. Finally, this review will point out that mechanical properties are a critical determinant for the efficiency of cancer cell invasion and the progression of cancer which might affect the future development of new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia T Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Institute of Experimental Physics I, Soft Matter Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Vishvanath A, Itinteang T, Tan ST, Day DJ. Infantile haemangioma expresses tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), TRAIL receptors, osteoprotegerin and receptor activator for nuclear factor кB ligand (RANKL). Histopathology 2012; 59:397-406. [PMID: 22034880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the expression of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors and decoy receptors, including osteoprotegerin (OPG) in infantile haemangioma (IH). METHODS AND RESULTS Immunostaining, Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used on IH biopsies and haemangioma explant-derived cells (HaemEDCs). TRAIL and its receptors and decoy receptors, including OPG, are expressed in proliferating IH tissues and in HaemEDCs. Cells forming the endothelium of immature capillaries of proliferating IHs express abundant OPG and show punctate von Willebrand Factor (vWF) staining. As the cells mature and assume the characteristic of endothelial cells they increase expression of vWF, but lose expression of OPG. The endothelium of IH shows minimal expression of receptor activator for nuclear factor кB ligand (RANKL) compared with a small population of RANKL-positive cells located within the interstitium between microvessels. Proliferating HaemEDCs express significantly higher levels of OPG and decoy receptor 2 than the matched tissue samples. Increased OPG expression is detected in the extracellular matrix and in the conditioned medium of HaemEDCs. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that OPG through the TRAIL pathway, but not the RANKL pathway, plays a role in regulating anti-apoptosis during the development of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Vishvanath
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Angiogenesis-related cytokines, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin in multiple myeloma patients in relation to clinical features and response to treatment. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2011:867576. [PMID: 21941412 PMCID: PMC3175728 DOI: 10.1155/2011/867576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential cytokine system for the osteoclast biology in multiple myeloma (MM) consists of the receptor of activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), its receptor (RANK), and the soluble decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). Myeloma cells cause imbalance in OPG/RANKL interactions. We measured serum levels of OPG, soluble (s) RANKL, sRANKL/OPG ratio, markers of disease activity [LDH, CRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), β2-microglobulin (B2M)], and angiogenic factors [hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)], in 54 newly diagnosed MM patients and in 25 of them in plateau phase. All the above values were higher in MM patients compared to controls and decreased in plateau phase. sRANKL and RANKL/OPG were higher with advancing disease stage and skeletal grade. Significant correlations were found among RANKL and RANKL/OPG with HGF, LDH, VEGF, IL-6, and B2M. In conclusion, RANKL and OPG play significant roles in MM pathophysiology, as regulators of bone turnover and mediators of angiogenesis.
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Targeting the tumor microenvironment: focus on angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2012:281261. [PMID: 21876693 PMCID: PMC3163131 DOI: 10.1155/2012/281261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a complex multistep process involving not only genetic and epigenetic changes in the tumor cell but also selective supportive conditions of the deregulated tumor microenvironment. One key compartment of the microenvironment is the vascular niche. The role of angiogenesis in solid tumors but also in hematologic malignancies is now well established. Research on angiogenesis in general, and vascular endothelial growth factor in particular, is a major focus in biomedicine and has led to the clinical approval of several antiangiogenic agents including thalidomide, bevacizumab, sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, temesirolimus, and everolimus. Indeed, antiangiogenic agents have significantly changed treatment strategies in solid tumors (colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and breast cancer) and multiple myeloma. Here we illustrate important aspects in the interrelationship between tumor cells and the microenvironment leading to tumor progression, with focus on angiogenesis, and summarize derived targeted therapies.
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Benslimane-Ahmim Z, Heymann D, Dizier B, Lokajczyk A, Brion R, Laurendeau I, Bièche I, Smadja DM, Galy-Fauroux I, Colliec-Jouault S, Fischer AM, Boisson-Vidal C. Osteoprotegerin, a new actor in vasculogenesis, stimulates endothelial colony-forming cells properties. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:834-43. [PMID: 21255246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble receptor of the tumour necrosis factor family, and its ligand, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), are emerging as important regulators of vascular pathophysiology. OBJECTIVES We evaluated their effects on vasculogenesis induced by endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) and on neovessel formation in vivo. METHODS Effects of OPG and RANKL on in vitro angiogenesis were evaluated after ECFC incubation with OPG or RANKL (0-50 ng mL(-1)). Effects on microvessel formation were evaluated with an in vivo murin Matrigel plug assay. Vascularization was evaluated by measuring plug hemoglobin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-R2 content 14 days after implantation. RESULTS We found that ECFC expressed OPG and RANK but not RANKL mRNA. Treatment of ECFC with VEGF or stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) upregulated OPG mRNA expression. OPG stimulated ECFC migration (P < 0.05), chemotaxis (P < 0.05) and vascular cord formation on Matrigel(®) (P < 0.01). These effects were correlated with SDF-1 mRNA overexpression, which was 30-fold higher after 4 h of OPG stimulation (P < 0.01). OPG-mediated angiogenesis involved the MAPK signaling pathway as well as Akt or mTOR cascades. RANKL also showed pro-vasculogenic effects in vitro. OPG combined with FGF-2 promoted neovessel formation in vivo, whereas RANKL had no effect. CONCLUSIONS OPG induces ECFC activation and is a positive regulator of microvessel formation in vivo. Our results suggest that the OPG/RANK/RANKL axis may be involved in vasculogenesis and strongly support a modulatory role in tissue revascularization.
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