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Gao X. Integrated Analysis of Single-Cell RNA-Seq and Bulk RNA-Seq Unravels the Molecular Feature of Tumor-Associated Macrophage of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Genet Res (Camb) 2024; 2024:5539065. [PMID: 38205232 PMCID: PMC10776189 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5539065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and macrophage remains to be deeply explored. Methods Gene expression profiles and clinical variable characteristics of AML patients were collected from TCGA, GEO, and TARGET databases. Consensus clustering was employed to construct the macrophage-related clusters. The macrophage-related index (MRI) was constructed using the LASSO and multivariate Cox analysis. The GSE71014 and TARGET datasets were utilized as external validation sets. Single-cell sequencing data for AML (GSE116256) was adopted to analyze modeled gene expression levels in cells. Results Two macrophage-related clusters with different prognostic and immune infiltration characteristics were constructed in AML. Cluster B had a poorer prognosis, more cancer-promoting pathway enrichment, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Relied on the MRI, patients of different groups showed different levels of immune infiltration, different mutations, and prognoses. LGALS1 and BCL2A1 may play roles in promoting cancer in AML, while ELANE may have a significant effect on suppressing cancer. Conclusion Macrophage-related genes (MRGs) had significant impacts on the occurrence and progression of AML. MRI may better evaluate the prognosis and immune features of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
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2
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Wang J, Zhuo Z, Wang Y, Yang S, Chen J, Wang Y, Geng S, Li M, Du X, Lai P, Weng J. Identification and Validation of a Prognostic Risk-Scoring Model Based on Ferroptosis-Associated Cluster in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:800267. [PMID: 35127715 PMCID: PMC8814441 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.800267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence has proven that ferroptosis plays an important role in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), whereas the exact role of ferroptosis-associated genes in AML patients’ prognosis remained unclear. Materials and Methods: Gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical information of AML cases were obtained from the TCGA (TCGA-LAML), GEO (GSE71014), and TARGET databases (TARGET-AML). Patients in the TCGA cohort were well-grouped into two clusters based on ferroptosis-related genes, and differentially expressed genes were screened between the two clusters. Univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses were applied to select prognosis-related genes for the construction of a prognostic risk-scoring model. Survival analysis was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier and receiver operator characteristic curves. Furthermore, we explored the correlation of the prognostic risk-scoring model with immune infiltration and chemotherapy response. Risk gene expression level was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Eighteen signature genes, including ZSCAN4, ASTN1, CCL23, DLL3, EFNB3, FAM155B, FOXL1, HMX2, HRASLS, LGALS1, LHX6, MXRA5, PCDHB12, PRINS, TMEM56, TWIST1, ZFPM2, and ZNF560, were developed to construct a prognostic risk-scoring model. AML patients could be grouped into high- and low-risk groups, and low-risk patients showed better survival than high-risk patients. Area under the curve values of 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.81, 0.827, and 0.786 in the training set, respectively, indicating a good predictive efficacy. In addition, age and risk score were the independent prognostic factors after univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A nomogram containing clinical factors and prognostic risk-scoring model was constructed to better estimate individual survival. Further analyses demonstrated that risk score was associated with the immune infiltration and response to chemotherapy. Our experiment data revealed that LGALS1 and TMEM56 showed notably decreased expression in AML samples than that of the normal samples. Conclusion: Our study shows that the prognostic risk-scoring model and key risk gene may provide potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic option for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zewei Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Cencer for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jierong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suxia Geng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minming Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Du, ; Peilong Lai, ; Jianyu Weng,
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Du, ; Peilong Lai, ; Jianyu Weng,
| | - Jianyu Weng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Du, ; Peilong Lai, ; Jianyu Weng,
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3
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Zhong Z, Vong CT, Chen F, Tan H, Zhang C, Wang N, Cui L, Wang Y, Feng Y. Immunomodulatory potential of natural products from herbal medicines as immune checkpoints inhibitors: Helping to fight against cancer via multiple targets. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1246-1279. [PMID: 35028953 PMCID: PMC9306614 DOI: 10.1002/med.21876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy sheds new light to cancer treatment and is satisfied by cancer patients. However, immunotoxicity, single‐source antibodies, and single‐targeting stratege are potential challenges to the success of cancer immunotherapy. A huge number of promising lead compounds for cancer treatment are of natural origin from herbal medicines. The application of natural products from herbal medicines that have immunomodulatory properties could alter the landscape of immunotherapy drastically. The present study summarizes current medication for cancer immunotherapy and discusses the potential chemicals from herbal medicines as immune checkpoint inhibitors that have a broad range of immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, this review provides valuable insights into the efficacy and mechanism of actions of cancer immunotherapies, including natural products and combined treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, which could confer an improved clinical outcome for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfeng Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Horyue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Wang M, Zhan F, Cheng H, Li Q. Gambogenic Acid Inhibits Basal Autophagy of Drug-Resistant Hepatoma Cells and Improves Its Sensitivity to Adriamycin. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:63-70. [PMID: 34980780 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gambogenic acid (GNA) is extracted from plant Gamboge, has a wide range of anti-tumor effects. In this paper, we study the inhibitory effect of GNA on the BEL-7402/ADM of hepatoma resistant cell lines and further study the mechanism of action. Cell viability test represented that GNA could improve the sensitivity of hepatoma drug-resistant cell line BEL-7402/ADM to Adriamycin (ADM), and further study by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and flow cytometry found that GNA could improve the effect of ADM on promoting apoptosis in BEL-7402/ADM cells, and the activation of apoptosis-related protein was significantly increased, and the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 was significantly increased. Monodansylcadaverine staining and transmission electron microscopy showed that the basal autophagy level of BEL-7402/ADM cells was higher than that of BEL-7402 cells. Further detection of protein expression found that the intracellular LC3-II to LC3-I ratio and Beclin 1 protein expression increased in the combination of GNA and ADM, but the protein level of p62 increased significantly. GNA inhibit protective autophagy in BEL-7402/ADM cells and promote the role of ADM in inducing apoptosis, thereby increasing ADM sensitivity to BEL-7402/ADM cells, and the effect of GNA inhibition of autophagy may be achieved by inhibiting the degradation of autophagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Fan Zhan
- Huaibei Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
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5
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He J, An Y, Qi J, Cui L, Yang K, Liu M, Qu B, Yan S, Yin J, Jing X, Dong H, Yu Q, Li D, Wu Y. The recombinant Newcastle disease virus Anhinga strain expressing human TRAIL exhibit antitumor effects on a glioma nude mice model. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3890-3898. [PMID: 32779745 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus therapy is perhaps the next major breakthrough in cancer treatment following the success in immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the potential oncolytic ability of the recombinant newcastle disease virus (NDV) Anhinga strain carried with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has not been fully explored at present. In the present study, the recombinant NDV/Anh-TRAIL that secretes soluble TRAIL was constructed and the experiment results suggested NDV/Anh-TRAIL as a promising candidate for glioma therapy. Growth kinetic and TRAIL secreted quantity of recombinant NDV/Anh-TRAIL virus were measured. Cytotoxic and cell apoptosis were analyzed for its anti-glioma therapy in vitro. Nude mice were used for the in vivo evaluation. Both tumor volume and mice behavior after injection were observed. The recombinant virus replicated with the same kinetics as the parental virus and the highest expression of TRAIL (77.8 ng/L) was found at 48 hours. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole and flow cytometry data revealed that the recombinant NDV/Anh-TRAIL (56.1 ± 8.2%) virus could induce a more severe apoptosis rate, when compared with the NDV wild type (37.2 ± 7.0%) and mock (7.0 ± 1.8%) groups (P < .01), in U251 cells. Furthermore, in the present animal study, the average tumor volume was smaller in the NDV/Anh-TRAIL group (97.21 mm3 ), when compared with the NDV wild type (205.03 mm3 , P < .05) and PBS (310.30 mm3 , P < .01) groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiao He
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- School of Life sciences & Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ying An
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lin Cui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Knowledge Management Center Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Qu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shijun Yan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiechao Yin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Jing
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Dong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingzhong Yu
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Deshan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunzhou Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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6
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Babinčák M, Jendželovský R, Košuth J, Majerník M, Vargová J, Mikulášek K, Zdráhal Z, Fedoročko P. Death Receptor 5 (TNFRSF10B) Is Upregulated and TRAIL Resistance Is Reversed in Hypoxia and Normoxia in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines after Treatment with Skyrin, the Active Metabolite of Hypericum spp. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1646. [PMID: 33916015 PMCID: PMC8036732 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skyrin (SKR) is a plant bisanthraquinone secondary metabolite from the Hypericum genus with potential use in anticancer therapy. However, its effect and mechanism of action are still unknown. The negative effect of SKR on HCT 116 and HT-29 cancer cell lines in hypoxic and normoxic conditions was observed. HCT 116 cells were more responsive to SKR treatment as demonstrated by decreased metabolic activity, cellularity and accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. Moreover, an increasing number of apoptotic cells was observed after treatment with SKR. Based on the LC-MS comparative proteomic data from hypoxia and normoxia (data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD019995), SKR significantly upregulated Death receptor 5 (DR5), which was confirmed by real-time qualitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, multiple changes in the Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-activated cascade were observed. Moreover, the reversion of TRAIL resistance was observed in HCT 116, HT-29 and SW620 cell lines, even in hypoxia, which was linked to the upregulation of DR5. In conclusion, our results propose the use of SKR as a prospective anticancer drug, particularly as an adjuvant to TRAIL-targeting treatment to reverse TRAIL resistance in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Babinčák
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Ján Košuth
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Martin Majerník
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Jana Vargová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Kamil Mikulášek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (Z.Z.)
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (Z.Z.)
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
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7
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miR-199a-5p Represses Protective Autophagy and Overcomes Chemoresistance by Directly Targeting DRAM1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5613417. [PMID: 31636666 PMCID: PMC6766143 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5613417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is still a primary clinical obstacle to the successful treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The underlying mechanisms of drug resistance are complicated and have not been fully understood. Here, we found that miR-199a-5p levels were significantly reduced in refractory/relapsed AML patients compared to those who achieved complete remission after chemotherapy. Consistently, miR-199a-5p was markedly decreased in Adriamycin-resistant AML K562/ADM cells in contrast with Adriamycin-sensitive K562 cells, and its decrement dramatically correlated with the chemoresistance of AML cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the basic and Adriamycin-induced autophagic activity in K562/ADM cells was higher than that in K562 cells. This inducible autophagy played a prosurvival role and contributed to the development of acquired drug resistance. Importantly, we investigated that miR-199a-5p could negatively regulate autophagy, at least in part, by inhibiting damage regulator autophagy modulator (DRAM1) expression at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. miR-199a-5p bound directly to the 3'-UTR of DRAM1 mRNA which was a functional target of miR-199a-5p. Indeed, downregulation of DRAM1 gene by siRNA in K562/ADM cells resulted in autophagy suppression and chemosensitivity restoration. These results revealed that the miR-199a-5p/DRAM1/autophagy signaling represented a novel pathway regulating chemoresistance, indicating a potential therapeutic strategy for the intervention in drug-resistant AML.
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Zhang X, Shan S, Li H, Shi J, Lu Y, Li Z. Cloning, expression of the truncation of recombinant peroxidase derived from millet bran and its reversal effects on 5-Fu resistance in colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:871-879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Saikosaponin b2 enhances the hepatotargeting effect of anticancer drugs through inhibition of multidrug resistance-associated drug transporters. Life Sci 2019; 231:116557. [PMID: 31194994 PMCID: PMC7094655 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Vinegar-baked Radix Bupleuri (VBRB) potentiates the activity of anticancer drugs in the liver by increasing their hepatic distribution. However, this phenomenon may be associated with drug transporters. We investigated the effect of saikosaponin b2 (SSb2; the main component of VBRB) on the activity and expression of different drug transporters in both normal cells and those that overexpress the transporter. Main methods: The activities of transporters were analyzed by concentration of their cellular substrates. Concentrations of colchicine (substrate of Pgp and MRP1) and cisplatin (substrate of OCT2 and MRP2) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The concentration of rhodamine B was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of transporter gene and protein were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. Key findings: SSb2 increased colchicine efflux in HEK293 cells by primarily increasing Mrp1 activity, independent of gene and protein expression. SSb2 enhanced Mrp2 function and increased cisplatin efflux in BRL3A cells by upregulating Mrp2 gene expression, with a marginal effect on Pgp in normal cells. SSb2 increased OCT2 activity in OCT2-HEK293 cells by increasing the expression of OCT2 protein and mRNA; however, SSb2 inhibited MRP2 activity in MRP2-HEK293 cells by decreasing MRP2 protein expression, and decreased Pgp and MRP1 activity in Pgp- and MRP1-HEK293 cells. Significance: SSb2 might potentially be the key active component of VBRB that enhances the hepatotargeting of anticancer drugs through the inhibition of multidrug resistance-associated drug transporters (Pgp, MRP1, and MRP2) in an environment-dependent manner.
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Lu Y, Shan S, Li H, Shi J, Zhang X, Li Z. Reversal Effects of Bound Polyphenol from Foxtail Millet Bran on Multidrug Resistance in Human HCT-8/Fu Colorectal Cancer Cell. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5190-5199. [PMID: 29730933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet is the second-most widely planted species of millet and the most important cereal food in China. Our previous study showed that bound polyphenol of inner shell (BPIS) from foxtail millet bran displayed effective antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. The present research further implied that BPIS has the ability to reverse the multidrug resistance of colorectal cancer in human HCT-8/Fu cells, the IC50 values of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), and vincristine (VCR) were decreased form 6593 ± 53.8, 799 ± 48.9, and 247 ± 10.3 μM to 5350 ± 22.3 (3261 ± 56.9), 416 ± 16.6 (252 ± 15.6), and 144 ± 8.30 (83.8 ± 5.60) μM when HCT-8/Fu cells were pretreated with 0.5 (1.0) mg/mL BPIS for 12 h. The 12 phenolic acid compounds of BPIS were identified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-triple-time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS) method. Especially, the fraction of molecular weight (MW) < 200 of BPIS reversed the multidrug resistance in HCT-8/Fu cells, and ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid were the main active components, the IC50 values were 1.23 ± 0.195 and 2.68 ± 0.163 mg/mL, respectively. The present data implied that BPIS significantly enhanced the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs through inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting cell apoptosis, and increasing the accumulation of rhodamine-123 (Rh-123) in HCT-8/Fu cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot data indicated that BPIS also decreased the expression levels of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Collectively, these results show that BPIS has potential ability to be used as a new drug-resistance reversal agent in colorectal cancer.
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The mechanism study of lentiviral vector carrying methioninase enhances the sensitivity of drug-resistant gastric cancer cells to Cisplatin. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1189-1199. [PMID: 29576621 PMCID: PMC5943323 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the mechanism of lentiviral vector carrying methioninase enhances the sensitivity of drug-resistant gastric cancer cells to Cisplatin. Methods Death receptors, anti-apoptotic protein, NF-κB, and TRAIL pathway-related factors were detected. The influence of LV-METase transfection on cell viability and pathway-related proteins were assessed by MTT method and western blot, respectively. Different treatments (NF-κB or caspase-3 inhibitor induction, TRAIL supplement, etc.) were performed in gastric cancer cells and the above parameters were analysed. Moreover, the connection between miR-21 and NF-κB or caspase-8 was determined by Chip and luciferase assay, respectively. LV-METase transfection drug-resistant gastric cancer cells were injected subcutaneously into mice. Results The expression of free MET, miR-21-5p, MDR1, P-gp, and DR5 was significantly increased in drug-resistant gastric cancer cell lines. When cells were transfected with LV-METase, intracellular TRAIL signalling was activated while NF-κB pathway was inhibited. Besides, enhanced TRAIL signalling or repressed NF-κB pathway can promote the sensitivity of drug-resistant strains to Cisplatin, and the combination shows more sensitive to sensitisation. LV-METase promoted TRAIL expression by reducing NF-κB, thereby contributing to the downregulation of P-gp and enhancing the susceptibility of drug-resistant gastric cancer cells to Cisplatin. Furthermore, miR-21 regulated by NF-κB mediated the expression of P-gp protein via inhibiting caspase-8, thus regulating Cisplatin-induced cell death. Conclusions Our results suggest that LV-METase has potential as a therapeutic agent for gastric cancer treatment.
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12
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Lan T, Zhao Z, Qu Y, Zhang M, Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhou W, Fan X, Yu C, Zhan Q, Song Y. Targeting hyperactivated DNA-PKcs by KU0060648 inhibits glioma progression and enhances temozolomide therapy via suppression of AKT signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55555-55571. [PMID: 27487130 PMCID: PMC5342436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall survival remains undesirable in clinical glioma treatment. Inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity by its inhibitors suppresses tumor growth and enhances chemosensitivity of several tumors to chemotherapy. However, whether DNA-PKcs could be a potential target in glioma therapy remains unknown. In this study, we reported that the hyperactivated DNA-PKcs was profoundly correlated with glioma malignancy and observe a significant association between DNA-PKcs activation and survival of the glioma patients. Our data also found that inhibition of DNA-PKcs by its inhibitor KU0060648 sensitized glioma cells to TMZ in vitro. Specifically, we demonstrated that KU0060648 interrupted the formation of DNA-PKcs/AKT complex, leading to suppression of AKT signaling and resultantly enhanced TMZ efficacy. Combination of KU0060648 and TMZ substantially inhibited downstream effectors of AKT. The in vivo results were similar to those obtained in vitro. In conclusion, this study indicated that inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity could suppress glioma malignancies and increase TMZ efficacy, which was mainly through regulation of the of AKT signaling. Therefore, DNA-PKcs/AKT axis may be a promising target for improving current glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingshan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjiang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Chen HP, Lee YK, Huang SY, Shi PC, Hsu PC, Chang CF. Phthalate exposure promotes chemotherapeutic drug resistance in colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:13167-13180. [PMID: 29568348 PMCID: PMC5862569 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used as plasticizers. Humans can be exposed to phthalates through ingestion, inhalation, or treatments that release di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolite, mono(2-ehylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), into the body from polyvinyl chloride-based medical devices. Phthalate exposure may induce reproductive toxicity, liver damage, and carcinogenesis in humans. This study found that colon cancer cells exposed to DEHP or MEHP exhibited increased cell viability and increased levels of P-glycoprotein, CD133, Bcl-2, Akt, ERK, GSK3β, and β-catenin when treated with oxaliplatin or irinotecan, as compared to control. The P-glycoprotein inhibitor, tariquidar, which blocks drug efflux, reduced the viability of DEHP- or MEHP-treated, anti-cancer drug-challenged cells. DEHP or MEHP treatment also induced colon cancer cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Elevated stemness-related protein levels (β-catenin, Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog) and increased cell sphere sizes indicated that DEHP- or MEHP-treated cells were capable of self-renewal. We also found that serum DEHP concentrations were positively correlated with cancer recurrence. These results suggest phthalate exposure enhances colon cancer cell metastasis and chemotherapeutic drug resistance by increasing cancer cell stemness, and that P-glycoprotein inhibitors might improve outcomes for advanced or drug-resistant colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pao Chen
- Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.,Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lee
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shih Yin Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Shi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Fa Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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14
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Singh MS, Tammam SN, Shetab Boushehri MA, Lamprecht A. MDR in cancer: Addressing the underlying cellular alterations with the use of nanocarriers. Pharmacol Res 2017; 126:2-30. [PMID: 28760489 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is associated with a wide range of pathological changes at different cellular and intracellular levels. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively exploited as the carriers of MDR reversing payloads to resistant tumor cells. However, when properly formulated in terms of chemical composition and physicochemical properties, NPs can serve as beyond delivery systems and help overcome MDR even without carrying a load of chemosensitizers or MDR reversing molecular cargos. Whether serving as drug carriers or beyond, a wise design of the nanoparticulate systems to overcome the cellular and intracellular alterations underlying the resistance is imperative. Within the current review, we will initially discuss the cellular changes occurring in resistant cells and how such changes lead to chemotherapy failure and cancer cell survival. We will then focus on different mechanisms through which nanosystems with appropriate chemical composition and physicochemical properties can serve as MDR reversing units at different cellular and intracellular levels according to the changes that underlie the resistance. Finally, we will conclude by discussing logical grounds for a wise and rational design of MDR reversing nanoparticulate systems to improve the cancer therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu S Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmceutics, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Salma N Tammam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmceutics, University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, German University of Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmceutics, University of Bonn, Germany; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering (EA4267), University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
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15
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Cho MH, Kim S, Lee JH, Shin TH, Yoo D, Cheon J. Magnetic Tandem Apoptosis for Overcoming Multidrug-Resistant Cancer. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7455-7460. [PMID: 27960458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a leading cause of failure in current chemotherapy treatment and constitutes a formidable challenge in therapeutics. Here, we demonstrate that a nanoscale magnetic tandem apoptosis trigger (m-TAT), which consists of a magnetic nanoparticle and chemodrug (e.g., doxorubicin), can completely remove MDR cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo systems. m-TAT simultaneously activates extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signals in a synergistic fashion and downregulates the drug efflux pump (e.g., P-glycoprotein) which is one of the main causes of MDR. The tandem apoptosis strategy uses low level of chemodrug (in the nanomolar (nM) range) to eliminate MDR cancer cells. We further demonstrate that apoptosis of MDR cancer cells can be achieved in a spatially selective manner with single-cell level precision. Our study indicates that nanoscale tandem activation of convergent signaling pathways is a new platform concept to overcome MDR with high efficacy and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hyeon Cho
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulmi Kim
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Shin
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Yoo
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Cheon
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kim HB, Lee SH, Um JH, Oh WK, Kim DW, Kang CD, Kim SH. Sensitization of multidrug-resistant human cancer cells to Hsp90 inhibitors by down-regulation of SIRT1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36202-18. [PMID: 26416354 PMCID: PMC4742171 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of Hsp90 inhibitors as anticancer agents was limited in multidrug-resistant (MDR) human cancer cells due to induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps) such as Hsp70/Hsp27 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux. In the present study, we showed that resistance to Hsp90 inhibitors of MDR human cancer cells could be overcome with SIRT1 inhibition. SIRT1 knock-down or SIRT1 inhibitors (amurensin G and EX527) effectively suppressed the resistance to Hsp90 inhibitors (17-AAG and AUY922) in several MDR variants of human lymphoblastic leukemia and human breast cancer cell lines. SIRT1 inhibition down-regulated the expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and subsequently Hsps and facilitated Hsp90 multichaperone complex disruption via hyperacetylation of Hsp90/Hsp70. These findings were followed by acceleration of ubiquitin ligase CHIP-mediated mutant p53 (mut p53) degradation and subsequent down-regulation of P-gp in 17-AAG-treated MDR cancer cells expressing P-gp and mut p53 after inhibition of SIRT1. Therefore, combined treatment with Hsp90 inhibitor and SIRT1 inhibitor could be a more effective therapeutic approach for Hsp90 inhibitor-resistant MDR cells via down-regulation of HSF1/Hsps, mut p53 and P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Bong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Su-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-818, Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Chang Won National University, Chang Won 641-773, Korea
| | - Chi-Dug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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17
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Ling X, Liu X, Zhong K, Smith N, Prey J, Li F. FL118, a novel camptothecin analogue, overcomes irinotecan and topotecan resistance in human tumor xenograft models. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:1765-1781. [PMID: 26692923 PMCID: PMC4656756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Irinotecan and topotecan are the only camptothecin analogues approved by the FDA for cancer treatment. However, inherent and/or acquired irinotecan and topotecan resistance is a challenging issue in clinical practice. In this report, we showed that FL118, a novel camptothecin analogue, effectively obliterated human xenograft tumors that acquire irinotecan and topotecan resistance. Consistent with this finding, Pharmacokinetics studies indicated that FL118 rapidly clears from circulation, while effectively accumulating in tumors with a long elimination half-life. Consistent with our previous studies on irinotecan, FL118 exhibited ≥25 fold more effectiveness than topotecan at inhibiting cancer cell growth and colony formation; we further showed that although topotecan can inhibit the expression of survivin, Mcl-1, XIAP or cIAP2, its effectiveness is about 10-100 fold weaker than FL118. Lastly, in contrast to both SN-38 (active metabolite of irinotecan) and topotecan are substrates of the efflux pump proteins P-gp/MDR1 and ABCG2/BCRP, FL118 is not a substrate of P-gp and ABCG2. Consistently, sildenafil, a multiple efflux pump inhibitor, sensitized SN-38 much more than these of the ABCG2-selective inhibitor KO143 in growth inhibition of SW620 and HCT-8 cells. In contrast, both inhibitors showed no effect on FL118 efficacy. Given that both P-gp and ABCG2 express in SW620 and HCT-8 cells and FL118 is not a substrate for P-gp and ABCG2, this suggests that FL118 appears to bypass multiple efflux pump protein-induced resistance, which may contribute to FL118 overcoming irinotecan and topotecan resistance in vivo. These new findings provide renewed perspectives for further development of FL118 for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ling
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI)Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
- Canget BioTekpharma LLCBuffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI)Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Kai Zhong
- Canget BioTekpharma LLCBuffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | | | - Joshua Prey
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Facility, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI)Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI)Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
- NCI-supported Experimental Therapeutics Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI)Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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18
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Qian JQ, Sun P, Pan ZY, Fang ZZ. Annonaceous acetogenins reverses drug resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402/5-FU and HepG2/ADM cell lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:11934-11944. [PMID: 26617951 PMCID: PMC4637767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common tumor in worldwide and chemotherapy resistant is a severe obstacle in HCC treatment. Annonaceous acetogenins was a nature compound from Uvaria accuminata and it has show the anti-tumor proliferation activity in many types cancer. In this study, we showed that annonaceous acetogenins is correlated with the drug resistance reversal in human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402/5-FU and HepG2/ADM cell lines. We found that cell apoptosis was improved and cell cycle was arrested, further, multidrug-resistance proteins such as MDR1, MRP1, Topo-IIα, GST-π, cyclin D1, Survivin and bcl-2 are down-regulated, however, intracellular Rh-123 and caspase-3/8 was up-regulated by Annonaceous acetogenins treatment. We also found that there was a decreased activity of NF-κB and Akt in Annonaceous acetogenins treatment groups. Therefore, we demonstrate that Akt/NF-κB pathway was involved in Annonaceous acetogenins reverses drug resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiang Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhan-Yu Pan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
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19
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Souza PS, Madigan JP, Gillet JP, Kapoor K, Ambudkar SV, Maia RC, Gottesman MM, Fung KL. Expression of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein is inversely related to that of apoptosis-associated endogenous TRAIL. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:318-28. [PMID: 26101157 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been associated with expression of ABC transporter genes including P-glycoprotein (Pgp, MDR1, ABCB1). However, deregulation of apoptotic pathways also renders cells resistant to chemotherapy. To discover apoptosis-related genes affected by Pgp expression, we used the HeLa MDR-off system. We found that using doxycycline to control Pgp expression has a significant advantage over tetracycline, in that doxycycline caused less endogenous gene expression modification/perturbation, and was more potent than tetracycline in suppressing Pgp expression. Cells overexpressing Pgp have lower TNFSF10 (TRAIL) expression than their parental cells. Controlled downregulation of Pgp increased endogenous TRAIL protein expression. Also, ectopic overexpression of TRAIL in Pgp-positive cells was associated with a reduction in Pgp levels. However, cells expressing a functionally defective mutant Pgp showed an increase in TRAIL expression, suggesting that Pgp function is required for TRAIL suppression. Cells in which Pgp is knocked down by upregulation of TRAIL expression are less susceptible to TRAIL ligand (sTRAIL)-induced apoptosis. Our findings reveal an inverse correlation between functional Pgp and endogenous TRAIL expression. Pgp function plays an important role in the TRAIL-mediated apoptosis pathway by regulating endogenous TRAIL expression and the TRAIL-mediated apoptosis pathway in MDR cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma S Souza
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, USA; Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Brazil
| | - James P Madigan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Gillet
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Khyati Kapoor
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Raquel C Maia
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pesquisa em Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Brazil
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, USA.
| | - King Leung Fung
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, USA
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20
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Xi G, Hayes E, Lewis R, Ichi S, Mania-Farnell B, Shim K, Takao T, Allender E, Mayanil CS, Tomita T. CD133 and DNA-PK regulate MDR1 via the PI3K- or Akt-NF-κB pathway in multidrug-resistant glioblastoma cells in vitro. Oncogene 2015; 35:241-50. [PMID: 25823028 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an adjuvant treatment for glioblastomas, however, chemotherapy remains palliative because of the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Following prolonged chemotherapy, MDR protein 1 (MDR1) and CD133 increase in recurrent glioblastomas. CD133 positive (CD133+) glioma cancer stem-like cells (GCSCs) markedly promote drug resistance and exhibit increased DNA damage repair capability; thus they have a key role in determining tumor chemosensitivity. Although CD133, DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and MDR1 are elevated in CD133+ GCSCs, the relationship among these molecules has not been elucidated. In this study, MDR glioblastoma cell lines were created in response to prolonged doxorubicin chemotherapy. CD133, DNA-PK and MDR1 were markedly elevated in these cells. CD133 and DNA-PK may increase MDR1 via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signal pathway. PI3K downstream targets Akt and nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which interacts with the MDR1 promoter, were also elevated in these cells. Downregulation of CD133 and DNA-PK by small interfering RNA, or inhibition of PI3K or Akt, decreased Akt, NF-κB and MDR1 expression. The results indicate that CD133 and DNA-PK regulate MDR1 through the PI3K- or Akt-NF-κB signal pathway. Consequently, a novel chemotherapeutic regimen targeting CD133 and DNA-PK in combination with traditional protocols may increase chemotherapeutic efficacy and improve prognosis for individuals who present with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Falk Brain Tumor Center, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Hayes
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Lewis
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Ichi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Development Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B Mania-Farnell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN, USA
| | - K Shim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Development Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Takao
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Development Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Allender
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Development Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C S Mayanil
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Development Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Tomita
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Falk Brain Tumor Center, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Zhu X, Zhang K, Wang Q, Chen S, Gou Y, Cui Y, Li Q. Cisplatin-mediated c-myc overexpression and cytochrome c (cyt c) release result in the up-regulation of the death receptors DR4 and DR5 and the activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9, likely responsible for the TRAIL-sensitizing effect of cisplatin. Med Oncol 2015; 32:133. [PMID: 25796504 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) reverses multidrug resistance (MDR) and induces apoptosis in MDR gastric carcinoma cells. In our previous study, cisplatin proved to be a sensitizing agent for TRAIL. To study the synergistic effects of cisplatin and TRAIL, we investigated the mechanism by which TRAIL reverses multidrug resistance, the role of c-myc in modulating the death receptors DR4 and DR5 and the relationship between cisplatin and cytochrome c (cyt c) release in SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901/DDP cells. We found that after treatment with TRAIL, the DNA-PKcs/Akt/GSK-3β pathway, which is positively correlated with the levels of MDR1 and MRP1, was significantly inhibited and that this tendency can be abolished by Z-DEVD-FMK (a specific caspase 3 inhibitor). We also found that suppression of c-myc by siRNA reduced the expression of DR4 and DR5 and that transfection with a pAVV-c-myc expression vector increased the expression of DR4 and DR5. Moreover, cisplatin increased the expression of c-myc in the presence of TRAIL, and there is a clear increase in cyt c release from mitochondria with the increasing concentrations of cisplatin. Meanwhile, the intrinsic death receptor pathway of caspase 9, as well as the common intrinsic and extrinsic downstream target, caspase 3, was potently activated by the release of cyt c. Together, we conclude that in TRAIL-treated MDR gastric carcinoma cells, cisplatin induces the death receptors DR4 and DR5 through the up-regulation of c-myc and strengthens the activation of caspases via promoting the release of cyt c. These effects would then be responsible for the TRAIL sensitization effect of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 17 Lu Jiang Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui Province, China
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22
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Dong D, Gao J, Sun Y, Long Y, Li M, Zhang D, Gong J, Xu L, Li L, Qin S, Ma J, Jin T. Adenovirus-mediated co-expression of the TRAIL and HN genes inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in Marek's disease tumor cell line MSB-1. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:20. [PMID: 25729329 PMCID: PMC4345032 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro tumor-inhibitory effect of a recombinant adenovirus expressing a fusion protein of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes on the MSB-1 Marek’s disease tumor cell line. Methods TRAIL and HN genes were amplified from lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of chickens and the LaSota strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), respectively, using RT-PCR. The two genes were connected with a 2A connecting peptide by site-directed mutagenesis and gene splicing by overlap extension (SOE). The target gene TRAIL-2A-HN was cloned into the shuttle vector pShuttle-CMV. Homologous recombination was carried out with the vector pAdeasy-1 in the bacterium BJ5183 to construct the recombinant adenovirus plasmid pAd-TRAIL-2A-HN. After linearization, the plasmid was transfected into AD293 cells and packaged. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and fluorescence microscopy confirmed the introduction of the recombinant adenovirus into AD293 cells. The TCID50 method (50% tissue culture infectious dose) was employed to determine viral titers for the exprimental and control viruses, which met criteria for use. The Marek’s disease tumor cell line MSB-1 was transfected with the constructed recombinant adenovirus. The infectivity of the recombinant adenovirus and the expression levels of exogenous genes were detected with RT-PCR and western blotting. The effects of the recombinant adenovirus on the growth of MSB-1 cells and cellular apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry. Results The recombinant adenovirus infected the cultured cells in vitro, and replicated and expressed exogenous genes in the cells. The recombinant adenovirus Ad-TRAIL-2A-HN inhibited the growth of MSB-1 cells and induced apoptosis by expressing exogenous genes. The rate of induced MSB-1 cell apoptosis reached 11.61%, which indicated that TRAIL and HN produced synergistic tumor-inhibiting effects. Conclusion The constructed TRAIL-2A-HN fusion gene combined the apoptosis-inducing function of TRAIL and the adsorptive capacity of HN from NDV for tumor cells, and the capacity of the recombinant adenovirus expressing this fusion gene to induce tumor cell apoptosis was reported. These results provide a basis for future in vivo tumor suppression studies using recombinant adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Dong
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjing Agricultural University, Tianjing, 300384 China
| | - Jing Gao
- Tianjing Shenji Group Co., Ltd, Tianjing, 300380 China
| | - Ying Sun
- Tianjing Ruipu Group Co., Ltd, Tianjing, 300380 China
| | - Yuqing Long
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjing Agricultural University, Tianjing, 300384 China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjing Agricultural University, Tianjing, 300384 China
| | - Dongchao Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjing Agricultural University, Tianjing, 300384 China
| | - Jianfang Gong
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjing Agricultural University, Tianjing, 300384 China
| | - Liang Xu
- Tianjing Ruipu Group Co., Ltd, Tianjing, 300380 China
| | - Liuan Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjing Agricultural University, Tianjing, 300384 China
| | - Shunyi Qin
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjing Agricultural University, Tianjing, 300384 China
| | - Jifei Ma
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjing Agricultural University, Tianjing, 300384 China
| | - Tianming Jin
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjing Agricultural University, Tianjing, 300384 China
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Cerezo D, Cánovas M, García-Peñarrubia P, Martín-Orozco E. Collateral sensitivity to cold stress and differential BCL-2 family expression in new daunomycin-resistant lymphoblastoid cell lines. Exp Cell Res 2014; 331:11-20. [PMID: 25498972 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype by tumor cells is one of the main causes of chemotherapy failure in cancer, and, usually, is due to the increased expression of P-glycoprotein (MDR-1, P-gp, ABCB1), a pump that expels chemotherapeutics from the cell and/or regulates apoptosis. Thus, it is fundamental to find drugs or stress stimuli with a capacity to induce apoptosis in such cells and to identify the mechanisms involved. We address this matter in human cells and establish new daunomycin (DNM)-resistant cell lines (IM-9R) by exposing the parental lymphoblastic cells (IM-9) to increasing doses of the anti-neoplastic drug, daunomycin. The resistance level of IM-9R cell lines, MDR-1 expression and functionality, collateral sensitivity and Bcl-2 and caspases protein expression are analyzed. As a result, we show for the first time that, unlike the parental cells, human lymphoblastic resistant cells exhibit collateral sensitivity to cold stress, confirming that this phenomenon is not exclusive to murine leukemic cells, but a broader one associated with the acquisition of drug resistance. Furthermore, the new resistant cell lines undergo a significant increase in active caspase-3 and -9 levels and drastic changes in Bcl-2 family protein expression during the process of MDR phenotype acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cerezo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Cánovas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Peñarrubia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-Orozco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Transcriptional regulation, stabilization, and subcellular redistribution of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) by glycogen synthase kinase 3αβ: novel insights on modes of cadmium-induced cell death stimulated by MRP1. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1271-84. [PMID: 25273023 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) resistance is associated with the suppression of autophagy in H460 lung cancer cells, which is regulated by phospho(p)serine-glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3αβ. However, the involvement of multidrug resistance (MDR) in this signaling pathway and its underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we used Cd-resistant cells (RH460), developed from H460 lung cancer cells, to demonstrate that the induction of MDR-associated protein (MRP1) in response to Cd is enhanced in H460 cells compared to RH460. Treating RH460 cells with Cd induced large cytoplasmic vacuoles, which was inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. MRP1 was detected in the nuclear-rich membrane fractions and redistributed from the perinuclear to the cytoplasmic compartment following exposure to Cd. Cd-induced MRP1, p-Ser/p-Tyr GSK3αβ, and LC3-II were all suppressed by the GSK3 inhibitor SB216763, but increased by lithium. Furthermore, MRP1 was upregulated by the Ser/Thr phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid and downregulated by the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate, suggesting that MRP1 protein was stabilized by p-Ser GSK3αβ. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization analyzes revealed a physical interaction between MRP1 and p-Ser GSK3αβ. Genetic knockdown of GSK3β decreased Cd-induced MRP1 mRNA and protein levels, whereas its overexpression upregulated MRP1 protein expression. MRP1 also co-localized with lysosomal membrane protein-2, which may cause lysosomal membrane permeabilization and the subsequent release of cathepsins into the cytosol. In mice chronically injected with Cd, MRP1 localized to the perinuclear region of bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. Collectively, these data suggest that Cd toxicity is regulated by the transcriptional regulation, stabilization, and subcellular redistribution of MRP1 via the posttranslational modification of GSK3αβ. Therefore, the serine phosphorylation of GSK3αβ plays a critical role in MRP1-induced cell death.
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SHI RONGLIANG, YANG ZHEN, LIU WEIYAN, LIU BINGYA, XU ZIPING, ZHANG ZIPING. Knockdown of Slit2 promotes growth and motility in gastric cancer cells via activation of AKT/β-catenin. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:812-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Lee YK, Lin TH, Chang CF, Lo YL. Galectin-3 silencing inhibits epirubicin-induced ATP binding cassette transporters and activates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway via β-catenin/GSK-3β modulation in colorectal carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82478. [PMID: 24303084 PMCID: PMC3841143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR), an unfavorable factor compromising the treatment efficacy of anticancer drugs, involves the upregulation of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters and induction of galectin-3 signaling. Galectin-3 plays an anti-apoptotic role in many cancer cells and regulates various pathways to activate MDR. Thus, the inhibition of galectin-3 has the potential to enhance the efficacy of the anticancer drug epirubicin. In this study, we examined the effects and mechanisms of silencing galectin-3 via RNA interference (RNAi) on the β-catenin/GSK-3β pathway in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. Galectin-3 knockdown increased the intracellular accumulation of epirubicin in Caco-2 cells; suppressed the mRNA expression of galectin-3, β-catenin, cyclin D1, c-myc, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), MDR-associated protein (MRP) 1, and MRP2; and downregulated the protein expression of P-gp, cyclin D1, galectin-3, β-catenin, c-Myc, and Bcl-2. Moreover, galectin-3 RNAi treatment significantly increased the mRNA level of GSK-3β, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9; remarkably increased the Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio; and upregulated the GSK-3β and Bax protein expressions. Apoptosis was induced by galectin-3 RNAi and/or epirubicin as demonstrated by chromatin condensation, a higher sub-G1 phase proportion, and increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, indicating an intrinsic/mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Epirubicin-mediated resistance was effectively inhibited via galectin-3 RNAi treatment. However, these phenomena could be rescued after galectin-3 overexpression. We show for the first time that the silencing of galectin-3 sensitizes MDR cells to epirubicin by inhibiting ABC transporters and activating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis through modulation of the β-catenin/GSK-3β pathway in human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Kuo Lee
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Fa Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CFC); (YLL)
| | - Yu-Li Lo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CFC); (YLL)
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Pro-apoptotic activity of new analog of anthracyclines--WP 631 in advanced ovarian cancer cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 28:273-81. [PMID: 24287111 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work we investigated the mode of cell death induced by WP 631, a novel anthracycline antibiotic, in the ovarian cancer cell line (OV-90) derived from the malignant ascites of a patient diagnosed with advanced disease. The effects were compared with those of doxorubicin (DOX), a first generation anthracycline. The ability of WP 631 to induce apoptosis and necrosis was examined by double staining with Annexin V and propidium iodide, measurements of the level of intracellular calcium ions and cytochrome c, PARP cleavage. We also investigated the possible involvement of the caspases activation, DNA degradation (comet assay) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the development of the apoptotic events and their significance for drug efficiency. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that antiproliferative capacity of WP 631 in tested cell line was a few times greater than that of DOX. Furthermore, ovarian cancer cells treated with WP 631 showed a higher mean level of basal DNA damage in comparison to DOX. In conclusion, WP 631 is able to induce caspase - dependent apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells. Obtained results suggested that WP 631 may be a candidate for further evaluation as chemotherapeutic agents for human cancers.
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28
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Lee SH, Kim MJ, Kim DW, Kang CD, Kim SH. Amurensin G enhances the susceptibility to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated cytotoxicity of cancer stem-like cells of HCT-15 cells. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1632-9. [PMID: 24118446 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and play a significant role in cancer recurrence. Design of better treatment strategies that can eliminate or otherwise control CSC populations in tumors is necessary. In this study, the sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced cytotoxicity and the effect of amurensin G, a novel sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor, were examined using the CSC-enriched fraction of HCT-15 human colon cancer cells. Cancer stem cell-enriched HCT-15 colony cells were paradoxically less sensitive to doxorubicin, and more sensitive to TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity, than their parental cells. Also, CD44(+) HCT-15 cells were more susceptible to TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity than CD44(-) HCT-15 cells, possibly due to increased levels of death receptors DR4 and DR5 as well as c-Myc, and decreased levels of c-FLIPL /S in CD44(+) cells compared with CD44(-) HCT-15 cells. The combination effect of amurensin G on TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity was much more apparent in CD44(+) cells than in CD44(-) HCT-15 cells, and this was associated with more prominent downregulation of c-FLIP(L/S) in CD44(+) cells than in CD44(-) HCT-15 cells. These results indicate that HCT-15 colony or CD44(+) cells, which may have CSC properties, are more sensitive to TRAIL than parental or CD44(-) HCT-15 cells. Amurensin G may be effective in eliminating colon CSCs and be applicable to potentiate the sensitivity of colon CSCs to TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Abstract
Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major resistance factor and critical anti-apoptotic regulator that inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Fas-L, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis as well as chemotherapy-triggered apoptosis in malignant cells. c-FLIP is expressed as long (c-FLIP(L)), short (c-FLIP(S)), and c-FLIP(R) splice variants in human cells. c-FLIP binds to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 in a ligand-dependent and-independent fashion, which in turn prevents death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. Moreover, c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) are known to have multifunctional roles in various signaling pathways, as well as activating and/or upregulating several cytoprotective signaling molecules. Upregulation of c-FLIP has been found in various tumor types, and its downregulation has been shown to restore apoptosis triggered by cytokines and various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, c-FLIP is an important target for cancer therapy. For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that specifically knockdown the expression of c-FLIP(L) in diverse human cancer cell lines augmented TRAIL-induced DISC recruitment and increased the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, thereby enhancing effector caspase stimulation and apoptosis. Moreover, small molecules causing degradation of c-FLIP as well as decreasing mRNA and protein levels of c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) splice variants have been found, and efforts are underway to develop other c-FLIP-targeted cancer therapies. This review focuses on (1) the functional role of c-FLIP splice variants in preventing apoptosis and inducing cytokine and drug resistance; (2) the molecular mechanisms that regulate c-FLIP expression; and (3) strategies to inhibit c-FLIP expression and function.
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30
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Zeng S, Tao Y, Huang J, Zhang S, Shen L, Yang H, Pei H, Zhong M, Zhang G, Liu T, Zhou M, Shen H. WD40 repeat-containing 62 overexpression as a novel indicator of poor prognosis for human gastric cancer. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3752-62. [PMID: 23920402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM WD40 repeat-containing 62 (WDR62) is a centrosome-associated gene involved in cell cycling and proliferation. However, the role of WDR62 in human malignancies remains unknown. The present study aimed to identify the role, if any, of WDR62 in the pathogenesis of human gastric cancer (GC). METHODS WDR62 expression in 372 cases of human GC and eight GC cell lines was determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Correlations between WDR62 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, as well as GC prognosis were determined. WDR62 regulation of GC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and cell cycle distribution were studied both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS WDR62 expression was significantly increased in GC tissues and cell lines and was associated with poor differentiation and prognosis of GC. WDR62 expression was elevated in GC multidrug resistant cells. Suppressing WDR62 significantly decreased cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest of GC cells. Consistently, WDR62 knockdown inhibited gastric carcinogenesis in nude mice. Regulation of Akt/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) expression and activation by WDR62 contributed to the chemoresistance of GC cells. WDR62 overexpresses in GC and the suppression of WDR62 inhibits GC cell growth by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION WDR62 may be a novel prognostic marker and a potential chemotherapy target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Cui XY, Skretting G, Jing Y, Sun H, Sandset PM, Sun L. Hypoxia influences stem cell-like properties in multidrug resistant K562 leukemic cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 51:177-84. [PMID: 23725749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study investigates the potential role of hypoxia in maintaining stem cell-like properties and therapeutic resistance in K562 leukemic cell. METHODS Western blot, flow cytometry and cell viability assays were used to investigate the effects of hypoxia (1% O2) on cell proliferation, drug resistance and expression of the hypoxia inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), the octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4), CD133, CD34 and the ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) as well as Smad2 phosphorylation in the drug resistant cell line K562/DOX and its parental cell line. RESULTS Hypoxia induced growth inhibition and significantly upregulated HIF-2α, CD133, Oct4, CD34 and ABCG2 expression in the wild type K562 cells (p<0.05). The IC50 of doxorubicin was also enhanced about 2.5-fold in hypoxia. In contrast, the K562/DOX cells, which showed significantly higher ABCG2 expression and IC50 for various drugs, no significant difference in cell proliferation was observed between hypoxia and normoxia. The hypoxia-induced upregulation of HIF-2α, CD133, Oct4, CD34 and ABCG2 expression was significantly lower than in the wild type cells (p<0.05). Moreover, hypoxia induced the phosphorylation of Smad2 and additional treatment with SD-208, an inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor I kinase, resulted in a dose-dependent downregulation of CD133 and Oct4 in the K562/DOX cells. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia plays an important role in enhancing the stem cell-like properties and to induce multidrug resistance of leukemia cells. The activation of the TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of this pathophysiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yan Cui
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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32
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Liu KP, Luo F, Xie SM, Tang LJ, Chen MX, Wu XF, Zhong XY, Zhao T. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inhibitor (2'Z,3'E)-6-Bromo-indirubin- 3'-Oxime Enhances Drug Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy in Colon Cancer Cells. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 24:116-23. [PMID: 23359767 DOI: 10.1007/s11670-012-0116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects and mechanism of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor (2'Z,3'E)-6-bromo-indirubin-3'-oxime (BIO) on drug resistance in colon cancer cells. METHODS The colon cancer SW480 and SW620 cells were treated with BIO, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and BIO/5-FU, separately. Cell cycle distribution, apoptosis level and efflux ability of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) were detected by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), thymidylate synthase (TS), β-catenin, E2F-1 and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot. β-catenin and P-gp were stained with double immunofluorescence and observed under a confocal microscope. RESULTS BIO up-regulated β-catenin, P-gp, MRP2 and TS, enhanced the efflux ability of Rh123, decreased Bcl-2 protein and gave the opposite effect to E2F-1 protein in SW480 and SW620 cells. Furthermore, BIO significantly inhibited cell apoptosis, increased S and G(2)/M phase cells, and reduced the cell apoptosis induced by 5-FU in SW480 cells, whereas the effects were slight or not obvious in SW620 cells. CONCLUSION GSK-3β was involved in drug resistance regulation, and activation of β-catenin and inhibition of E2F-1 may be the most responsible for the enhancement of 5-FU chemotherapy resistance induced by GSK-3β inhibitor BIO in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China ; Department of Pathology, Qingyuan Hospital, Medical College, Jinan University, Qingyuan 511518, China
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Cerezo D, Lencina M, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Ferragut JA, Saceda M, Sanchez M, Cánovas M, García-Peñarrubia P, Martín-Orozco E. Acquisition of MDR phenotype by leukemic cells is associated with increased caspase-3 activity and a collateral sensitivity to cold stress. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1416-25. [PMID: 22173742 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype by tumor cells that renders them unsusceptible to anti-neoplasic agents is one of the main causes of chemotherapy failure in human malignancies. The increased expression of P-glycoprotein (MDR1, P-gp, ABCB1) in tumor cells contributes to drug resistance by extruding chemotherapeutic agents or by regulating programmed cell death. In a study of MDR cell survival under cold stress conditions, it was found that resistant leukemic cells with P-gp over-expression, but not their sensitive counterparts, are hypersensitive to cold-induced cell death when exposed to temperatures below 4 °C. The transfection of parental cells with a P-gp-expressing plasmid makes these cells sensitive to cold stress, demonstrating an association between P-gp expression and cell death at low temperatures. Furthermore, we observed increased basal expression and activity of effector caspase-3 at physiological temperature (37 °C) in MDR cells compared with their parental cell line. Treatment with a caspase-3 inhibitor partially rescues MDR leukemic cells from cold-induced apoptosis, which suggests that the cell death mechanism may require caspase-3 activity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that P-gp expression plays a role in MDR cell survival, and is accompanied by a collateral sensitivity to death induced by cold stress. These findings may assist in the design of specific therapeutic strategies to complement current chemotherapy treatment against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cerezo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Landry B, Aliabadi HM, Samuel A, Gül-Uludağ H, Jiang X, Kutsch O, Uludağ H. Effective non-viral delivery of siRNA to acute myeloid leukemia cells with lipid-substituted polyethylenimines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44197. [PMID: 22952927 PMCID: PMC3432090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising approach for AML treatment as the siRNA molecule can be designed to specifically target proteins that contribute to aberrant cell proliferation in this disease. However, a clinical-relevant means of delivering siRNA molecules must be developed, as the cellular delivery of siRNA is problematic. Here, we report amphiphilic carriers combining a cationic polymer (2 kDa polyethyleneimine, PEI2) with lipophilic moieties to facilitate intracellular delivery of siRNA to AML cell lines. Complete binding of siRNA by the designed carriers was achieved at a polymer:siRNA ratio of ∼0.5 and led to siRNA/polymer complexes of ∼100 nm size. While the native PEI2 did not display cytotoxicity on AML cell lines THP-1, KG-1 and HL-60, lipid-modification on PEI2 slightly increased the cytotoxicity, which was consistent with increased interaction of polymers with cell membranes. Cellular delivery of siRNA was dependent on the nature of lipid substituent and the extent of lipid substitution, and varied among the three AML cell lines used. Linoleic acid-substituted polymers performed best among the prepared polymers and gave a siRNA delivery equivalent to better performing commercial reagents. Using THP-1 cells and a reporter (GFP) and an endogenous (CXCR4) target, effective silencing of the chosen targets was achieved with 25 to 50 nM of siRNA concentrations, and without adversely affecting subsequent cell growth. We conclude that lipid-substituted PEI2 can serve as an effective delivery of siRNA to leukemic cells and could be employed in molecular therapy of leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Death
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Silencing
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Indicators and Reagents
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Lipids/chemistry
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Polyethyleneimine/chemistry
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Serum/metabolism
- Temperature
- Trypan Blue
- Viruses/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Landry
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anuja Samuel
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hilal Gül-Uludağ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Terry Fox Laboratories, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- Centre for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Curiel TJ. Immunotherapy: a useful strategy to help combat multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2012; 15:106-13. [PMID: 22483359 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) renders cancer cells relatively invulnerable to treatment with many standard cytotoxic anti-cancer agents. Cancer immunotherapy could be an important adjunct for other strategies to treat MDR positive cancers, as resistance to immunotherapy generally is unrelated to mechanisms of resistance to cytotoxic agents. Immunotherapy to combat MDR positive tumors could use any of the following strategies: direct immune attack against MDR positive cells, using MDR as an immune target to deliver cytotoxic agents, capitalization on other immune properties of MDR positive cells, or conditional immunotoxins expressed under MDR control. Additional insights into the immunogenic potential of some cytotoxic agents can also be brought to bear on these strategies. This review will highlight key concepts in cancer immunotherapy and illustrate immune principles and strategies that have been or could be used to help destroy MDR positive tumor cells, either alone or in rational combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Curiel
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Cancer Therapy and Research Center, STRF Adult Cancer Program MC 8252, 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3904, United States.
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Yang JF, Cao JG, Tian L, Liu F. 5, 7-Dimethoxyflavone sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:195-206. [PMID: 21660448 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 5, 7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF) has been reported to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. The aim of this study was to examine whether DMF sensitizes human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis and its mechanism. METHODS Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Hep3B, Huh-7, and Hep G2 and human embryo liver L-02 cells were cultured in vitro. The cytotoxic activities were determined using MTT assay. The apoptotic cell death was examined using Flow cytometry using PI staining and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. The activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were measured using ELISA. Intracellular ROS was measured by FCM using the fluorescent probe DCHF-DA, and the expression of DR4, DR5, CHOP, GPR78, and ATF4 proteins was analyzed using Western blot. RESULTS Our results demonstrated subtoxic concentrations of DMF sensitize HCC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and induce the death receptor 5 (DR5) expression level, accompanying the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the upregulation of CHOP, GPR78, and ATF4 protein expression. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited DMF-induced upregulation of DR5, CHOP, GPR78, and ATF4 protein expression and blocked the cotreatment-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, DMF-mediated sensitization of HCC cells to TRAIL was reduced by administration of a blocking antibody or small interfering RNAs for DR5, salubrinal, an inhibitor of ER stress, and the small interfering RNAs for CHOP. However, DMF could not induce the upregulation of DR5 expression, generation of ROS, and sensitization of TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death in human embryo liver L-02 cells or normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that DMF selectively enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by ROS-stimulated ER-stress triggering CHOP-mediated DR5 upregulation in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Yang
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
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Zhang X, Peng X, Yu W, Hou S, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Huang X, Wu K. Alpha-tocopheryl succinate enhances doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells via promotion of doxorubicin influx and suppression of doxorubicin efflux. Cancer Lett 2011; 307:174-81. [PMID: 21536373 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOXO), a chemotherapy drug, is widely used in clinic for treating a variety of cancers. However, the treatment eventfully fails due to drug resistance and toxicity. Therefore, a combination strategy is needed to increase efficacy and reduce toxicity of DOXO. alpha-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) exhibits anticancer actions in vitro and in vivo. Here, we reported that combination of DOXO+α-TOS cooperatively acted to induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells. α-TOS enhanced cellular level of DOXO via promotion of DOXO influx and suppression of DOXO efflux. DOXO induced MDR1 mRNA and protein expression and α-TOS inhibited this event, indicating that α-TOS suppressed DOXO efflux via inhibition of MDR1. Furthermore, combination of DOXO+α-TOS induced increased levels of Fas and Bax protein expression and cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-9, suggesting that combination treatment induced Fas/caspase-8 and Bax mediated mitochondria dependent apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrated that α-TOS enhanced DOXO anticancer efficiency via promotion of DOXO influx and suppression of MDR-1 mediated DOXO efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Kim HB, Kim MJ, Kim DY, Lee JW, Bae JH, Kim DW, Kang CD, Kim SH. High susceptibility of metastatic cells derived from human prostate and colon cancer cells to TRAIL and sensitization of TRAIL-insensitive primary cells to TRAIL by 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:46. [PMID: 21513580 PMCID: PMC3094320 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor recurrence and metastasis develop as a result of tumors' acquisition of anti-apoptotic mechanisms and therefore, it is necessary to develop novel effective therapeutics against metastatic cancers. In this study, we showed the differential TRAIL responsiveness of human prostate adenocarcinoma PC3 and human colon carcinoma KM12 cells and their respective highly metastatic PC3-MM2 and KM12L4A sublines and investigated the mechanism underlying high susceptibility of human metastatic cancer cells to TRAIL. RESULTS PC3-MM2 and KM12L4A cells with high level of c-Myc and DNA-PKcs were more susceptible to TRAIL than their poorly metastatic primary PC3 and KM12 cells, which was associated with down-regulation of c-FLIPL/S and Mcl-1 and up-regulation of the TRAIL receptor DR5 but not DR4 in both metastatic cells. Moreover, high susceptibility of these metastatic cells to TRAIL was resulted from TRAIL-induced potent activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 in comparison with their primary cells, which led to cleavage and down-regulation of DNA-PKcs. Knockdown of c-Myc gene in TRAIL-treated PC3-MM2 cells prevented the increase of DR5 cell surface expression, caspase activation and DNA-PKcs cleavage and attenuated the apoptotic effects of TRAIL. Moreover, the suppression of DNA-PKcs level with siRNA in the cells induced the up-regulation of DR5 and active caspase-8, -9, and -3. We also found that 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (DMNB), a specific inhibitor of DNA-PK, potentiated TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in relatively TRAIL-insensitive PC3 and KM12 cells and therefore functioned as a TRAIL sensitizer. CONCLUSION This study showed the positive relationship between c-Myc expression in highly metastatic human prostate and colon cancer cells and susceptibility to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and therefore indicated that TRAIL might be used as an effective therapeutic modality for advanced metastatic cancers overexpressing c-Myc and combination of TRAIL therapy with agent that inhibits the DNA-PKcs/Akt signaling pathway might be clinically useful for the treatment of relatively TRAIL-insensitive human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Bong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
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Kim DY, Kim MJ, Kim HB, Lee JW, Bae JH, Kim DW, Kang CD, Kim SH. Suppression of multidrug resistance by treatment with TRAIL in human ovarian and breast cancer cells with high level of c-Myc. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:796-805. [PMID: 21514380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of c-Myc in overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) in human ovarian and breast cancer cells by TRAIL. We showed that P-gp expressing MDR variants (Hey A8-MDR and MCF7-MDR cells) with high level of c-Myc were highly susceptible to TRAIL treatment when compared to their drug-sensitive parental human ovarian cancer Hey A8 and breast MCF-7 cells, respectively. Up-regulation of DR5 TRAIL receptor and down-regulation of c-FLIP and the promotion of caspase-dependent cell death, which contribute to TRAIL sensitization of MDR cells, were regulated by the over-expressed c-Myc in the MDR cells. After targeted inhibition of c-Myc with specific siRNA, these responses to TRAIL disappeared and TRAIL-induced apoptosis was also suppressed in MCF7-MDR cells. Treatment with TRAIL significantly reduced P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux of rhodamine123 in both Hey A8-MDR and MCF7-MDR cells. Furthermore, TRAIL significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of vinblastine, vincristine, doxorubicin and VP-16 that are P-gp substrate anticancer drugs in both MDR cells, which resulted in the reversal effect of TRAIL on the MDR phenotype. The present study shows for the first time that elevated c-Myc expression in the MDR cells plays a critical role in overcoming MDR by TRAIL that can act as a specific sensitizer for P-gp substrate anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
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