1
|
Cigler M, Imrichova H, Frommelt F, Caramelle L, Depta L, Rukavina A, Kagiou C, Hannich JT, Mayor-Ruiz C, Superti-Furga G, Sievers S, Forrester A, Laraia L, Waldmann H, Winter GE. Orpinolide disrupts a leukemic dependency on cholesterol transport by inhibiting OSBP. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01614-4. [PMID: 38907113 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations in cancer precipitate in associated dependencies that can be therapeutically exploited. To meet this goal, natural product-inspired small molecules can provide a resource of invaluable chemotypes. Here, we identify orpinolide, a synthetic withanolide analog with pronounced antileukemic properties, via orthogonal chemical screening. Through multiomics profiling and genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screens, we identify that orpinolide disrupts Golgi homeostasis via a mechanism that requires active phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi membrane interface. Thermal proteome profiling and genetic validation studies reveal the oxysterol-binding protein OSBP as the direct and phenotypically relevant target of orpinolide. Collectively, these data reaffirm sterol transport as a therapeutically actionable dependency in leukemia and motivate ensuing translational investigation via the probe-like compound orpinolide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Cigler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hana Imrichova
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Frommelt
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucie Caramelle
- Unit of Research of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Laura Depta
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea Rukavina
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysanthi Kagiou
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Thomas Hannich
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina Mayor-Ruiz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- IRB Barcelona-Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alison Forrester
- Unit of Research of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Luca Laraia
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Georg E Winter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Q, Yuan Y, Cao S, Kang N, Qiu F. Withanolides: Promising candidates for cancer therapy. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1104-1158. [PMID: 38176694 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Natural products have played a significant role throughout history in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases, particularly cancers. As a natural product primarily derived from various medicinal plants in the Withania genus, withanolides have been shown in several studies to exhibit potential activities in cancer treatment. Consequently, understanding the molecular mechanism of withanolides could herald the discovery of new anticancer agents. Withanolides have been studied widely, especially in the last 20 years, and attracted the attention of numerous researchers. Currently, over 1200 withanolides have been classified, with approximately a quarter of them having been reported in the literature to be able to modulate the survival and death of cancer cells through multiple avenues. To what extent, though, has the anticancer effects of these compounds been studied? How far are they from being developed into clinical drugs? What are their potential, characteristic features, and challenges? In this review, we elaborate on the current knowledge of natural compounds belonging to this class and provide an overview of their natural sources, anticancer activity, mechanism of action, molecular targets, and implications for anticancer drug research. In addition, direct targets and clinical research to guide the design and implementation of future preclinical and clinical studies to accelerate the application of withanolides have been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - YongKang Yuan
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al Awadh AA, Sakagami H, Amano S, Sayed AM, Abouelela ME, Alhasaniah AH, Aldabaan N, Refaey MS, Abdelhamid RA, Khalil HMA, Hamdan DI, Abdel-Sattar ES, Orabi MAA. In vitro cytotoxicity of Withania somnifera (L.) roots and fruits on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines: a study supported by flow cytometry, spectral, and computational investigations. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1325272. [PMID: 38303989 PMCID: PMC10830635 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1325272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a severe health problem that accounts for an alarmingly high number of fatalities worldwide. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal has been extensively studied against various tumor cell lines from different body organs, rarely from the oral cavity. We thus investigated the cytotoxicity of W. somnifera fruits (W-F) and roots (W-R) hydromethanolic extracts and their chromatographic fractions against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines [Ca9-22 (derived from gingiva), HSC-2, HSC-3, and HSC-4 (derived from tongue)] and three normal oral mesenchymal cells [human gingival fibroblast (HGF), human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPLF), and human pulp cells (HPC)] in comparison to standard drugs. The root polar ethyl acetate (W-R EtOAc) and butanol (W-R BuOH) fractions exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity against the Ca9-22 cell line (CC50 = 51.8 and 40.1 μg/mL, respectively), which is relatively the same effect as 5-FU at CC50 = 69.4 μM and melphalan at CC50 = 36.3 μM on the same cancer cell line. Flow cytometric analysis revealed changes in morphology as well as in the cell cycle profile of the W-R EtOAc and W-R BuOH-treated oral cancer Ca9-22 cells compared to the untreated control. The W-R EtOAc (125 μg/mL) exerted morphological changes and induced subG1 accumulation, suggesting apoptotic cell death. A UHPLC MS/MS analysis of the extract enabled the identification of 26 compounds, mainly alkaloids, withanolides, withanosides, and flavonoids. Pharmacophore-based inverse virtual screening proposed that BRD3 and CDK2 are the cancer-relevant targets for the annotated withanolides D (18) and O (12), and the flavonoid kaempferol (11). Molecular modeling studies highlighted the BRD3 and CDK2 as the most probable oncogenic targets of anticancer activity of these molecules. These findings highlight W. somnifera's potential as an affordable source of therapeutic agents for a range of oral malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Amano
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Saitama, Japan
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Collage of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, Basra, Iraq
| | - Mohamed E. Abouelela
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz Hassan Alhasaniah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nayef Aldabaan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S. Refaey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufiya, Egypt
| | - Reda A. Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut-Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba M. A. Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia I. Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Egypt
| | - El-Shaymaa Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. A. Orabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Yang Y, Xu Y, Liu Y, Li H, Chen L. Molecular targets and mechanisms of anti-cancer effects of withanolides. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110698. [PMID: 37690745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Withanolides are a class of natural products with a steroidal lactone structure that exhibit a broad spectrum of anti-cancer effects. To date, several studies have shown that their possible mechanisms in cancer development and progression are associated with the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Withanolides can also attenuate inflammatory responses, as well as modulate the genomic instability and energy metabolism of cancer cells. In addition, they may improve the safety and efficacy of cancer treatments as adjuvants to traditional cancer therapeutics. Herein, we summarize the molecular targets and mechanisms of withanolides in different cancers, as well as their current clinical studies on them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiruo Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Andreazzoli F, Bonucci M. Integrative Hematology: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021732. [PMID: 36675247 PMCID: PMC9864076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood cancers are a group of diseases with thus far frequently poor prognosis. Although many new drugs, including target therapies, have been developed in recent years, there is still a need to expand our therapeutic armamentarium to better deal with these diseases. Integrative hematology was conceived as a discipline that enriches the patient's therapeutic possibilities with the use of supplements, vitamins and a nutritional approach aiming at improving the response to therapies and the clinical outcome. We will analyze the substances that have proved most useful in preclinical and clinical studies in some of the most frequent blood diseases or in those where these studies are more numerous; the importance of the nutritional approach and the role of the intestinal microbiota will also be emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Andreazzoli
- Department of Hematology, Versilia’s Hospital, Viale Aurelia, 335, 55049 Camaiore, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimo Bonucci
- Association for Research on Integrative Oncology Therapies (ARTOI), Via Ludovico Micara, 73, 00165 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chuang YT, Tang JY, Shiau JP, Yen CY, Chang FR, Yang KH, Hou MF, Farooqi AA, Chang HW. Modulating Effects of Cancer-Derived Exosomal miRNAs and Exosomal Processing by Natural Products. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15010318. [PMID: 36612314 PMCID: PMC9818271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-derived exosomes exhibit sophisticated functions, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, resistance, and tumor microenvironment changes. Several clinical drugs modulate these exosome functions, but the impacts of natural products are not well understood. Exosome functions are regulated by exosome processing, such as secretion and assembly. The modulation of these exosome-processing genes can exert the anticancer and precancer effects of cancer-derived exosomes. This review focuses on the cancer-derived exosomal miRNAs that regulate exosome processing, acting on the natural-product-modulating cell functions of cancer cells. However, the role of exosomal processing has been overlooked in several studies of exosomal miRNAs and natural products. In this study, utilizing the bioinformatics database (miRDB), the exosome-processing genes of natural-product-modulated exosomal miRNAs were predicted. Consequently, several natural drugs that modulate exosome processing and exosomal miRNAs and regulate cancer cell functions are described here. This review sheds light on and improves our understanding of the modulating effects of exosomal miRNAs and their potential exosomal processing targets on anticancer treatments based on the use of natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Han Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.A.F.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +92-0334-4346213 (A.A.F.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (A.A.F.); (H.-W.C.); Tel.: +92-0334-4346213 (A.A.F.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2691) (H.-W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Almeida AA, Lima GDA, Eiterer M, Rodrigues LA, A do Vale JA, Zanatta AC, Bressan GC, de Oliveira LL, Leite JPV. A Withanolide-rich Fraction of Athenaea velutina Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Melanoma B16F10 Cells. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:429-439. [PMID: 33853120 DOI: 10.1055/a-1395-9046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Athenaea velutina is a promising Brazilian shrub with cytotoxic and antimigratory properties against cancer cells. However, the mechanism of induction of cancer cell death and the compounds involved remain unknown. To ascertain these bioactive compounds, bioassay-guided fractionation was performed, alongside the appropriate in vitro tests. A withanolide-rich fraction (FAv_5) from the dichloromethane extract increased cytotoxic activity by 1.5-fold (IC50 = 2.1 µg/mL). Fourteen withanolide steroids were tentatively identified for the first time for this species by mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC MS/MS), including withanolide A, aurelianolide A, and aurelianolide B. FAv_5 significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion with a selectivity index greater than 8 for B16F10 cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry with annexin V fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (V-FITC/PI) staining showed FAv_5 to promote cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1-phase as well as apoptotic cell death. Overall, these findings highlight A. velutina as a source of withanolide-steroids that inhibit cancer cell proliferation through apoptosis and cell cycle blockade mechanisms. Details on the geographic distribution of A. velutina and species conservation strategies have also been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisson A Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Graziela D A Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Laís A Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Juliana A A do Vale
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana C Zanatta
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Leandro L de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João P V Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tewari D, Chander V, Dhyani A, Sahu S, Gupta P, Patni P, Kalick LS, Bishayee A. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: Phytochemistry, structure-activity relationship, and anticancer potential. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153949. [PMID: 35151215 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ayurveda is a highly recognized, well-documented, and well-accepted traditional medicine system. This system utilizes many natural products in various forms for therapeutic purposes. Thousands of plants mentioned in the Ayurvedic system are useful in disease mitigation and health preservation. One potential plant of the Ayurvedic system is "Ashwagandha" [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal], commonly regarded as Indian Ginseng. It possesses various therapeutic activities, such as neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, antiarthritic, and anticancer effects. PURPOSE Here we present a comprehensive insight on the anticancer effects of W. somnifera and mechanistic attributes of its bioactive phytocompounds. This review also provides updated information on the clinical studies pertaining to cancer, safety evaluation and opportunities for chemical modifications of withanolides, a group of specialized phytochemicals of W. somnifera. METHODS The present study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Various scientific databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, were explored for related studies published up to May 2021. RESULTS An updated review on the anticancer potential and mechanisms of action of the major bioactive components of W. somnifera, including withanolides, withaferin A and withanone, is presented. Comprehensive information on clinical attributes of W. somnifera and its active components are presented with the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and toxicity evaluation. CONCLUSION The outcome of the work clearly indicates that W. somnifera has a significant potential for cancer therapy. The SAR revealed that various withanolides in general and withaferin A in particular have binding energies against various proteins and tremendous potential to serve as the lead for new chemical entities. Nevertheless, additional studies, particularly well-designed clinical trials are required before therapeutic application of withanolides for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Vikas Chander
- Department of Pharmacy, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Archana Dhyani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjeev Sahu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Shree SK Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana 384012, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja Patni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Lindsay S Kalick
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kashyap VK, Peasah-Darkwah G, Dhasmana A, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC. Withania somnifera: Progress towards a Pharmaceutical Agent for Immunomodulation and Cancer Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030611. [PMID: 35335986 PMCID: PMC8954542 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the prime treatment options for cancer. However, the key issues with traditional chemotherapy are recurrence of cancer, development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, affordability, late-stage detection, serious health consequences, and inaccessibility. Hence, there is an urgent need to find innovative and cost-effective therapies that can target multiple gene products with minimal adverse reactions. Natural phytochemicals originating from plants constitute a significant proportion of the possible therapeutic agents. In this article, we reviewed the advances and the potential of Withania somnifera (WS) as an anticancer and immunomodulatory molecule. Several preclinical studies have shown the potential of WS to prevent or slow the progression of cancer originating from various organs such as the liver, cervix, breast, brain, colon, skin, lung, and prostate. WS extracts act via various pathways and provide optimum effectiveness against drug resistance in cancer. However, stability, bioavailability, and target specificity are major obstacles in combination therapy and have limited their application. The novel nanotechnology approaches enable solubility, stability, absorption, protection from premature degradation in the body, and increased circulation time and invariably results in a high differential uptake efficiency in the phytochemical’s target cells. The present review primarily emphasizes the insights of WS source, chemistry, and the molecular pathways involved in tumor regression, as well as developments achieved in the delivery of WS for cancer therapy using nanotechnology. This review substantiates WS as a potential immunomodulatory, anticancer, and chemopreventive agent and highlights its potential use in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K. Kashyap
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (V.K.K.); (G.P.-D.); (A.D.); (M.J.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Godwin Peasah-Darkwah
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (V.K.K.); (G.P.-D.); (A.D.); (M.J.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (V.K.K.); (G.P.-D.); (A.D.); (M.J.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (V.K.K.); (G.P.-D.); (A.D.); (M.J.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (V.K.K.); (G.P.-D.); (A.D.); (M.J.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- Correspondence: (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.); Tel.: +1-956-296-1734 (M.M.Y.); +1-956-296-5000 (S.C.C.)
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; (V.K.K.); (G.P.-D.); (A.D.); (M.J.)
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
- Correspondence: (M.M.Y.); (S.C.C.); Tel.: +1-956-296-1734 (M.M.Y.); +1-956-296-5000 (S.C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chung LH, Liu D, Liu XT, Qi Y. Ceramide Transfer Protein (CERT): An Overlooked Molecular Player in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13184. [PMID: 34947980 PMCID: PMC8705978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of essential lipids implicated in constructing cellular membranes and regulating nearly all cellular functions. Sphingolipid metabolic network is centered with the ceramide-sphingomyelin axis. Ceramide is well-recognized as a pro-apoptotic signal; while sphingomyelin, as the most abundant type of sphingolipids, is required for cell growth. Therefore, the balance between these two sphingolipids can be critical for cancer cell survival and functioning. Ceramide transfer protein (CERT) dictates the ratio of ceramide to sphingomyelin within the cell. It is the only lipid transfer protein that specifically delivers ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, where ceramide serves as the substrate for sphingomyelin synthesis. In the past two decades, an increasing body of evidence has suggested a critical role of CERT in cancer, but much more intensive efforts are required to draw a definite conclusion. Herein, we review all research findings of CERT, focusing on its molecular structure, cellular functions and implications in cancer. This comprehensive review of CERT will help to better understand the molecular mechanism of cancer and inspire to identify novel druggable targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.L.); (X.T.L.)
| | | | | | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.L.); (X.T.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Covering: March 2010 to December 2020. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 705This review summarizes the latest progress and perspectives on the structural classification, biological activities and mechanisms, metabolism and pharmacokinetic investigations, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and structural modifications, as well as future research directions of the promising natural withanolides. The literature from March 2010 to December 2020 is reviewed, and 287 references are cited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yang Xia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tallima H, Azzazy HME, El Ridi R. Cell surface sphingomyelin: key role in cancer initiation, progression, and immune evasion. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:150. [PMID: 34717628 PMCID: PMC8557557 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface biochemical changes, notably excessive increase in outer leaflet sphingomyelin (SM) content, are important in cancer initiation, growth, and immune evasion. Innumerable reports describe methods to initiate, promote, or enhance immunotherapy of clinically detected cancer, notwithstanding the challenges, if not impossibility, of identification of tumor-specific, or associated antigens, the lack of tumor cell surface membrane expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alpha and β2 microglobulin chains, and lack of expression or accessibility of Fas and other natural killer cell immune checkpoint molecules. Conversely, SM synthesis and hydrolysis are increasingly implicated in initiation of carcinogenesis and promotion of metastasis. Surface membrane SM readily forms inter- and intra- molecular hydrogen bond network, which excessive tightness would impair cell-cell contact inhibition, inter- and intra-cellular signals, metabolic pathways, and susceptibility to host immune cells and mediators. The present review aims at clarifying the tumor immune escape mechanisms, which face common immunotherapeutic approaches, and attracting attention to an entirely different, neglected, key aspect of tumorigenesis associated with biochemical changes in the cell surface that lead to failure of contact inhibition, an instrumental tumorigenesis mechanism. Additionally, the review aims to provide evidence for surface membrane SM levels and roles in cells resistance to death, failure to respond to growth suppressor signals, and immune escape, and to suggest possible novel approaches to cancer control and cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Tallima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt. .,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Hassan M E Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Orabi MAA, Zidan SAH, Sakagami H, Murakami Y, Ali AA, Alyami HS, Alshabi AM, Matsunami K. Antileishmanial and lung adenocarcinoma cell toxicity of Withania somnifera (Linn.) dunal root and fruit extracts. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4231-4237. [PMID: 34520289 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1973462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the anti-Leishmania major and the lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cytotoxicity of Withania somnifera root and fruit. The total extracts were obtained by homogenisation in aqueous MeOH, and the sub-extracts [n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and methanol (MeOH)] were obtained by flash chromatography. The activity evaluation showed that n-BuOH sub-extracts from root and fruit exhibited noticeable antileishmanial promastigote properties. The n-hexane and EtOAc sub-extracts from both organs, and the MeOH sub-extract from the fruit exerted mild to moderate effects on the promastigotes. In-vitro growth-inhibitory test results on axenic amastigote and cytotoxicity testing on macrophages (RAW264.7), the parasite-host at the amastigote stage, revealed that the activity was mainly concentrated in the root EtOAc and n-BuOH sub-extracts and to a lesser extent the fruit MeOH and EtOAc, and the root n-hexane sub-extracts. Only the roots' EtOAc and n-BuOH sub-extracts demonstrated low cytotoxicity on the A549 cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Orabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut-branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sabry A H Zidan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut-branch, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Meikai University Research Institute of Odontology (M-RIO), Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yukio Murakami
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Japan
| | - Ashraf A Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad S Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Mohamed Alshabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Singh N, Yadav SS, Rao AS, Nandal A, Kumar S, Ganaie SA, Narasihman B. Review on anticancerous therapeutic potential of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113704. [PMID: 33359918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Withania somnifera, commonly known as Ashwagandha, is an important medicinal herb belonging to family Solanaceae. It is widely used in folkloric and Ayurvedic medicines since antiquity. Traditionally, the plant is highly practiced throughout the globe as immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, anti-parkinson, anti-alzheimer, cardio protective, neural and physical health enhancer, neurodefensive, anti-diabetic, aphrodisiac, memory boosting etc. The plant is also effective in combating various types of cancer and other related problems of colon, mammary, lung, prostate, skin, blood, liver and kidney. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The present review represents the critical assessment of the literature available on the anticancerous role of W. somnifera. The present study throws light on its diverse chemical compounds and the possible mechanisms of action involved. This review also suggests further research strategies to harness the therapeutic potential of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present review is the outcome of a systematic search of scientific literature about 'Withania somnifera and its role in cancer prevention'. The scientific databases viz. Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed and Web of Science were searched from 2001 to 2019. Textbooks, magazines and newspapers were also consulted. This review summarizes all the published literature about its therapeutic potential for the treatment of different types of cancers. RESULTS W. somnifera has been widely used in traditional and ayurvedic medicines for treatment of numerous problems related to health and vitality. The plant is a reservoir of diverse phytoconstituents like alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolics, nitrogen containing compounds and trace elements. Withanolides are the major alkaloids which renders its anticancer potential due to its highly oxygenated nature. The plant is highly effective in combating various types of cancers viz. colon, mammary, lung, prostate, skin, blood, liver and kidney. Previous studies depict that this plant is more effective against breast cancer followed by colon, lung, prostate and blood cancer. Furthermore, from different clinical studies it has been observed that the active constituents of the plant like withaferin-A, withanolide-D have least toxic effects. CONCLUSION The present review confirms the various medicinal values of W. somnifera without any significant side effects. Withaferin-A (WA) and Withanolides are its most promising anticancer compounds that play a major role in apoptosis induction. Keeping in mind the anticancerous potential of this plant, it is suggested that this plant may further be investigated and more clinical studies can be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Singh
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124 001, India
| | - S S Yadav
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124 001, India.
| | - Amrender Singh Rao
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124 001, India
| | - Abhishek Nandal
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124 001, India
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ch. Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - S A Ganaie
- Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124 001, India
| | - B Narasihman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124 001, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Akhtar N, Baig MW, Haq IU, Rajeeve V, Cutillas PR. Withanolide Metabolites Inhibit PI3K/AKT and MAPK Pro-Survival Pathways and Induce Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E333. [PMID: 32899914 PMCID: PMC7555989 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease and, despite advances, its treatment remains challenging. Therefore, it remains important to identify new agents for the management of this disease. Withanolides, a group of steroidal lactones found in Solanaceae plants are of potential interest due to their reported anticancer activities in different settings. In this study we investigated the anti-proliferative effects and mode of action of Solanaceae-derived withanolides in AML cell models; these metabolites include withametelin (WTH) and Coagulansin A (CoA) isolated from Datura innoxia and Withania coagluanse, respectively. Both withanolides inhibited the proliferation of AML cells and induced cell death, with WTH being more potent than CoA in the AML models tested. Quantitative label-free proteomics and phosphoproteomics were employed to define the mechanism of action of the studied withanolides. We identified and quantified 5269 proteins and 17,482 phosphosites in cells treated with WTH, CoA or vehicle control. Withanolides modulated the expression of proteins involved in regulating key cellular processes including cell cycle, metabolism, signaling, protein degradation and gene expression. Enrichment analysis of the phosphoproteomics data against kinase substrates, kinase-kinase relationships and canonical pathways showed that the withanolides decreased the activity of kinases such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB; also known as RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase or AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and the serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf (ARAF), while increasing the activation of DNA repair kinases. These results indicate that withanolide metabolites have pleiotropic effects in the modulation of oncogenic pro-survival and pro-apoptotic signaling pathways that regulate the induction of apoptosis. Withanolide mediated apoptosis was confirmed by immunoblotting showing increased expression of cleaved PARP and Caspases 3, 8 and 9 as a result of treatment. Overall, our results suggest that WTH and CoA have therapeutic potential against AML with WTH exhibiting more potent effects and should be explored further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Akhtar
- Cell Signalling and Proteomics Group, Centre of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waleed Baig
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.W.B.); (I.-u.H.)
| | - Ihsan-ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.W.B.); (I.-u.H.)
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Cell Signalling and Proteomics Group, Centre of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Pedro Rodriguez Cutillas
- Cell Signalling and Proteomics Group, Centre of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Saggam A, Tillu G, Dixit S, Chavan-Gautam P, Borse S, Joshi K, Patwardhan B. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: A potential therapeutic adjuvant in cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112759. [PMID: 32173425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (WS) is one of the moststudied Rasayana botanicals used in Ayurveda practice for its immunomodulatory, anti-aging, adaptogenic, and rejuvenating effects. The botanical is being used for various clinical indications, including cancer. Several studies exploring molecular mechanisms of WS suggest its possible role in improving clinical outcomes in cancer management. Therefore, research on WS may offer new insights in rational development of therapeutic adjuvants for cancer. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The review aims at providing a detailed analysis of in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies related to WS and cancer. It suggests possible role of WS in regulating molecular mechanisms associated with carcinogenesis. The review discusses potential of WS in cancer management in terms of cancer prevention, anti-cancer activity, and enhancing efficacy of cancer therapeutics. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present narrative review offers a critical analysis of published literature on WS studies in cancer. The reported studies were analysed in the context of pathophysiology of cancer, commonly referred as 'cancer hallmarks'. The review attempts to bridge Ayurveda knowledge with biological insights into molecular mechanisms of cancer. RESULTS Critical analysisof the published literature suggests an anti-cancer potential of WS with a key role in cancer prevention. The possible mechanisms for these effects are associated with the modulation of apoptotic, proliferative, and metastatic markers in cancer. WS can attenuate inflammatory responses and enzymes involved in invasion and metastatic progression of cancer.The properties of WS are likely to be mediated through withanolides, which may activate tumor suppressor proteins to restrict proliferation of cancer cells. Withanolides also regulate the genomic instability, and energy metabolism of cancer cells. The reported studies indicate the need for deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms of WS in inhibiting angiogenesis and promoting immunosurveillance. Additionally, WS can augment efficacy and safety of cancer therapeutics. CONCLUSION The experimentally-supported evidence of immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, adaptogenic, and regenerative attributes of WS suggest its therapeutic adjuvant potential in cancer management. The adjuvant properties of withanolides can modulate multidrug resistance and reverse chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. These mechanisms need to be further explored in systematically designed translational and clinical studies that will pave the way for integration of WS as a therapeutic adjuvant in cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Saggam
- AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Girish Tillu
- AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - Preeti Chavan-Gautam
- AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Swapnil Borse
- AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Kalpana Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - Bhushan Patwardhan
- AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lacombe J, Cretignier T, Meli L, Wijeratne EMK, Veuthey JL, Cuendet M, Gunatilaka AAL, Zenhausern F. Withanolide D Enhances Radiosensitivity of Human Cancer Cells by Inhibiting DNA Damage Non-homologous End Joining Repair Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1468. [PMID: 31970089 PMCID: PMC6960174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with surgery and chemotherapy, radiation therapy (RT) is an important modality in cancer treatment, and the development of radiosensitizers is a current key challenge in radiobiology to maximize RT efficiency. In this study, the radiosensitizing effect of a natural compound from the withanolide family, withanolide D (WD), was assessed. Clonogenic assays showed that a 1 h WD pretreatment (0.7 μM) before irradiation decreased the surviving fraction of several cancer cell lines. To determine the mechanisms by which WD achieved its radiosensitizing effect, we then assessed whether WD could promote radiation-induced DNA damages and inhibit double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair in SKOV3 cells. Comet and γH2AX/53BP1 foci formation assays confirmed that DSBs were higher between 1 and 24 h after 2 Gy-irradiation in WD-treated cells compared to vehicle-treated cells, suggesting that WD induced the persistence of radiation-induced DNA damages. Immunoblotting was then performed to investigate protein expression involved in DNA repair pathways. Interestingly, DNA-PKc, ATM, and their phosphorylated forms appeared to be inhibited 24 h post-irradiation in WD-treated samples. XRCC4 expression was also down-regulated while RAD51 expression did not change compared to vehicle-treated cells suggesting that only non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways was inhibited by WD. Mitotic catastrophe (MC) was then investigated in SKOV3, a p53-deficient cell line, to assess the consequence of such inhibition. MC was induced after irradiation and was predominant in WD-treated samples as shown by the few numbers of cells pursuing into anaphase and the increased amount of bipolar metaphasic cells. Together, these data demonstrated that WD could be a promising radiosensitizer candidate for RT by inhibiting NHEJ pathway and promoting MC. Additional studies are required to better understand its efficiency and mechanism of action in more relevant clinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Titouan Cretignier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Meli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources & the Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources & the Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tripathi S, Sangwan RS, Mishra B, Jadaun JS, Sangwan NS. Berry transcriptome: insights into a novel resource to understand development dependent secondary metabolism in Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:148-173. [PMID: 30767228 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is considered as Rasayana in Indian systems of medicine. This study reports a novel transcriptome of W. somnifera berries, with high depth, quality and coverage. Assembled and annotated transcripts for nearly all genes related with the withanolide biosynthetic pathway were obtained. Tissue-wide gene expression analysis reflected almost similar definitions for the terpenoid pathway in leaf, root and berry tissues with relatively higher abundance of transcripts linked to steroid, phenylpropanoid metabolism as well as flavonoid metabolism in berries. The metabolome map generated from the data embodied transcripts from 143 metabolic pathways connected together and mediated collectively by about 1792 unique enzyme functions specific to berry, leaf and root tissues, respectively. Transcripts specific to cytochrome p450 (CYP450), methyltransferases and glycosyltransferases were distinctively located in a tissue specific manner and exhibited a complex network. Significant distribution of transcription factor genes such as MYB, early light inducible protein (ELI), minichromosome maintenance1, agamous, deficiens and serum response factor (MADS) and WRKY etc. was observed, as the major transcriptional regulators of secondary metabolism. Validation of the assembly was ascertained by cloning WsELI, which has a light dependent regulatory role in development. Quantitative expression of WsELI was observed to be considerably modulated upon exposure to abiotic stress and elicitors. Co-relation of over-expression of WsELI, may provide new aspects for the functional role of ELI proteins in plants linked to secondary metabolism. The study offers the first comprehensive and comparative evaluation of W. somnifera transcriptome data between the three tissues and across other members of Solanaceae (Nicotiana, Solanum and Capsicum) with respect to major pathways and their metabolome regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Tripathi
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by Act of Parliament), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajender Singh Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by Act of Parliament), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Bhawana Mishra
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by Act of Parliament), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Singh Jadaun
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Singh Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) (An Institution of National Importance by Act of Parliament), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Life Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hou W, Chen Q, Wang H, Qiu P, Lyu X, Chen W, Chua MLK, Chinn YE, Deng CX, Wang R. The metabolic footprint during adipocyte commitment highlights ceramide modulation as an adequate approach for obesity treatment. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102605. [PMID: 31901865 PMCID: PMC6940659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic modulation is capable of maintaining cell potency, regulating niche homeostasis, or determining cell fate. However, little is known regarding the metabolic landscape during early adipogenesis or whether metabolic modulation could be a potential approach for obesity treatment. METHODS The metabolic footprint during adipocyte commitment was evaluated by metabolomics analysis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The role of apoptosis induced by ceramide and how ceramide is regulated were evaluated by omics analysis in vitro, human database and the adipocyte-specific Sirt1 knockout mouse. FINDINGS The metabolic footprint showed that a complicated diversity of metabolism was enriched as early as 3 h and tended to fluctuate throughout differentiation. Subsequently, the scale of these perturbed metabolic patterns was reduced to reach a balanced state. Of high relevance is the presence of apoptosis induced by ceramide accumulation, which is associated with metabolic dynamics. Interestingly, apoptotic cells were not merely a byproduct of adipogenesis but rather promoted the release of lipid components to facilitate adipogenesis. Mechanistically, ceramide accumulation stemming from hydrolysis and the de novo pathway during early adipogenesis is regulated by Sirt1 upon epigenetic alterations of constitutive Histone H3K4 methylation and H3K9 acetylation. INTERPRETATION The metabolic footprint during adipocyte commitment highlights that apoptosis induced by ceramide is essential for adipogenesis, which is reversed by suppression of Sirt1. Therefore, Sirt1 may constitute a target to treat obesity or other ceramide-associated metabolic syndromes. FUNDING This project was supported by grants from the University of Macau (SRG2015-00008-FHS, MYRG2016-00054-FHS and MYRG2017-00096-FHS to RHW; CPG2019-00019-FHS to CXD) and from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81672603 and 81401978) to QC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Hou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China; Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Pengxiang Qiu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xueying Lyu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Melvin L K Chua
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Y Eugene Chinn
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University School of Medicine, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China; Center for Cancer Research, Nation Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guerreiro DD, de Lima LF, de Sá NAR, Tetaping GM, Alves BG, Lobo CH, Deusdênia Loiola O, Smitz J, de Figueiredo JR, Ribeiro Rodrigues AP. In vitro study of Withanolide D toxicity on goat preantral follicles and its effects on the cell cycle. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 84:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
21
|
Panossian A, Seo EJ, Efferth T. Novel molecular mechanisms for the adaptogenic effects of herbal extracts on isolated brain cells using systems biology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:257-284. [PMID: 30466987 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adaptogens are natural compounds or plant extracts that increase adaptability and survival of organisms under stress. Adaptogens stimulate cellular and organismal defense systems by activating intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways and expression of stress-activated proteins and neuropeptides. The effects adaptogens on mediators of adaptive stress response and longevity signaling pathways have been reported, but their stress-protective mechanisms are still not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to identify key molecular mechanisms of adaptogenic plants traditionally used to treat stress and aging-related disorders, i.e., Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Withania somnifera, Rhaponticum carthamoides, and Bryonia alba. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of adaptogens, we conducted RNA sequencing to profile gene expression alterations in T98G neuroglia cells upon treatment of adaptogens and analyzed the relevance of deregulated genes to adaptive stress-response signaling pathways using in silico pathway analysis software. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION At least 88 of the 3516 genes regulated by adaptogens were closely associated with adaptive stress response and adaptive stress-response signaling pathways (ASRSPs), including neuronal signaling related to corticotropin-releasing hormone, cAMP-mediated, protein kinase A, and CREB; pathways related to signaling involving CXCR4, melatonin, nitric oxide synthase, GP6, Gαs, MAPK, neuroinflammation, neuropathic pain, opioids, renin-angiotensin, AMPK, calcium, and synapses; and pathways associated with dendritic cell maturation and G-coupled protein receptor-mediated nutrient sensing in enteroendocrine cells. All samples tested showed significant effects on the expression of genes encoding neurohormones CRH, GNRH, UCN, G-protein-coupled and other transmembrane receptors TLR9, PRLR, CHRNE, GP1BA, PLXNA4, a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor RORA, transmembrane channels, transcription regulators FOS, FOXO6, SCX, STAT5A, ZFPM2, ZNF396, ZNF467, protein kinases MAPK10, MAPK13, MERTK, FLT1, PRKCH, ROS1, TTN), phosphatases PTPRD, PTPRR, peptidases, metabolic enzymes, a chaperone (HSPA6), and other proteins, all of which modulate numerous life processes, playing key roles in several canonical pathways involved in defense response and regulation of homeostasis in organisms. It is for the first time we report that the molecular mechanism of actions of melatonin and plant adaptogens are alike, all adaptogens tested activated the melatonin signaling pathway by acting through two G-protein-coupled membrane receptors MT1 and MT2 and upregulation of the ligand-specific nuclear receptor RORA, which plays a role in intellectual disability, neurological disorders, retinopathy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cancer, which are common in aging. Furthermore, melatonin activated adaptive signaling pathways and upregulated expression of UCN, GNRH1, TLR9, GP1BA, PLXNA4, CHRM4, GPR19, VIPR2, RORA, STAT5A, ZFPM2, ZNF396, FLT1, MAPK10, MERTK, PRKCH, and TTN, which were commonly regulated by all adaptogens tested. We conclude that melatonin is an adaptation hormone playing an important role in regulation of homeostasis. Adaptogens presumably worked as eustressors ("stress-vaccines") to activate the cellular adaptive system by inducing the expression of ASRSPs, which then reciprocally protected cells from damage caused by distress. Functional investigation by interactive pathways analysis demonstrated that adaptogens activated ASRSPs associated with stress-induced and aging-related disorders such as chronic inflammation, cardiovascular health, neurodegenerative cognitive impairment, metabolic disorders, and cancer. CONCLUSION This study has elucidated the genome-wide effects of several adaptogenic herbal extracts in brain cells culture. These data highlight the consistent activation of ASRSPs by adaptogens in T98G neuroglia cells. The extracts affected many genes playing key roles in modulation of adaptive homeostasis, indicating their ability to modify gene expression to prevent stress-induced and aging-related disorders. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive look at the molecular mechanisms by which adaptogens exerts stress-protective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mondal S, Roy D, Sarkar Bhattacharya S, Jin L, Jung D, Zhang S, Kalogera E, Staub J, Wang Y, Xuyang W, Khurana A, Chien J, Telang S, Chesney J, Tapolsky G, Petras D, Shridhar V. Therapeutic targeting of PFKFB3 with a novel glycolytic inhibitor PFK158 promotes lipophagy and chemosensitivity in gynecologic cancers. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:178-189. [PMID: 30226266 PMCID: PMC6261695 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations are increasingly recognized as important novel anti‐cancer targets. Among several regulators of metabolic alterations, fructose 2,6 bisphosphate (F2,6BP) is a critical glycolytic regulator. Inhibition of the active form of PFKFB3ser461 using a novel inhibitor, PFK158 resulted in reduced glucose uptake, ATP production, lactate release as well as induction of apoptosis in gynecologic cancer cells. Moreover, we found that PFK158 synergizes with carboplatin (CBPt) and paclitaxel (PTX) in the chemoresistant cell lines, C13 and HeyA8MDR but not in their chemosensitive counterparts, OV2008 and HeyA8, respectively. We determined that PFK158‐induced autophagic flux leads to lipophagy resulting in the downregulation of cPLA2, a lipid droplet (LD) associated protein. Immunofluorescence and co‐immunoprecipitation revealed colocalization of p62/SQSTM1 with cPLA2 in HeyA8MDR cells uncovering a novel pathway for the breakdown of LDs promoted by PFK158. Interestingly, treating the cells with the autophagic inhibitor bafilomycin A reversed the PFK158‐mediated synergy and lipophagy in chemoresistant cells. Finally, in a highly metastatic PTX‐resistant in vivo ovarian mouse model, a combination of PFK158 with CBPt significantly reduced tumor weight and ascites and reduced LDs in tumor tissue as seen by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy compared to untreated mice. Since the majority of cancer patients will eventually recur and develop chemoresistance, our results suggest that PFK158 in combination with standard chemotherapy may have a direct clinical role in the treatment of recurrent cancer. What's new? Ovarian and cervical cancer patients experience high rates of chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. To improve patient outcome, greater understanding of mechanisms behind these phenomena is needed. Here, activity of PFKFB3, a glycolytic regulator overexpressed in cancer, was found to be positively correlated with chemoresistance and lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis in ovarian and cervical cancer cells. PFK‐158, a PFKFB3 inhibitor, sensitized chemoresistant cells to drug‐induced cytotoxicity by simultaneously targeting both glycolytic and lipogenic pathways to inhibit tumor growth and LDs in a drug‐resistant xenograft model. The findings warrant further investigation of PFK158 as a treatment for recurrent gynecological malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Mondal
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Microbiology, Sammilani Mahavidyalaya, Kolkata, India
| | - Debarshi Roy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Ling Jin
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Deokbeom Jung
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Song Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eleftheria Kalogera
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Julie Staub
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Wen Xuyang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ashwani Khurana
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jeremey Chien
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Sucheta Telang
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jason Chesney
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | - Dzeja Petras
- Division of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
A new insight into identification of in silico analysis of natural compounds targeting GPR120. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 7:8. [PMID: 29780684 PMCID: PMC5951878 DOI: 10.1007/s13721-018-0166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor (GPR120) is an omega-3 fatty acid receptor that inhibits macrophage-induced tissue inflammation. Recent studies revealed GPR120 promotes colorectal carcinoma through modulation of VEGF, IL-8, PGE2, and NF-kB expression. However, three-dimensional structure of GPR120 is not yet available in Protein Data Bank (PDB). In the present study, we focused on a 3-D structural model of GPR120 has been constructed using homology modeling techniques. The structural quality of the predicted GPR120 model was verified using Procheck, Whatif, ProSA, and Verify 3D. After this chemical database of natural compounds have been constructed and screened for its druggability using molinspiration server. Molecular docking studies of natural compounds on GPR120 model revealed that silibinin (− 6.87 kcal/mol), withanolide (− 6.19 kcal/mol), limonene (− 6.17 kcal/mol), and cervical (− 6.15 kcal/mol) have shown good docking interactions with active site residues of the target. Active site residues of Arg280, Asp275, and Gly122 showed hydrogen-bonding interactions with predicted compounds. Based on these in silico findings, we proposed that virtual screening of natural compounds against of GPR120 is a novel approach to find potential anti-colorectal cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
|
24
|
Chang CY, Li JR, Wu CC, Wang JD, Yang CP, Chen WY, Wang WY, Chen CJ. Indomethacin induced glioma apoptosis involving ceramide signals. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
25
|
Mu X, Shi W, Xu Y, Xu C, Zhao T, Geng B, Yang J, Pan J, Hu S, Zhang C, Zhang J, Wang C, Shen J, Che Y, Liu Z, Lv Y, Wen H, You Q. Tumor-derived lactate induces M2 macrophage polarization via the activation of the ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway in breast cancer. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:428-438. [PMID: 29468929 PMCID: PMC5927648 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1444305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are prominent components of tumor microenvironment (TME) and capable of promoting cancer progression. However, the mechanisms for the formation of M2-like TAMs remain enigmatic. Here, we show that lactate is a pivotal oncometabolite in the TME that drives macrophage M2-polarization to promote breast cancer proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. In addition, we identified that the activation of ERK/STAT3, major signaling molecules in the lactate signaling pathway, deepens our molecular understanding of how lactate educates TAMs. Moreover, suppression of ERK/STAT3 signaling diminished tumor growth and angiogenesis by abolishing lactate-induced M2 macrophage polarization. Finally, research data of the natural compound withanolide D provide evidence for ERK/STAT3 signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. These findings suggest that the lactate-ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway is a driver of breast cancer progression by stimulating macrophage M2-like polarization and reveal potential new therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Mu
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Che Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Biao Geng
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Jinshun Pan
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Yin Che
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Yuanfang Lv
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
| | - Qiang You
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, China
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mahanine drives pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells into endoplasmic reticular stress-mediated apoptosis through modulating sialylation process and Ca 2+-signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3911. [PMID: 29500369 PMCID: PMC5834441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress results from protein unfolding/misfolding during cellular maturation, which requires a coordinated action of several chaperones and enzymes and Ca2+ signalling. ER-stress possibly has a positive effect on survival of pancreatic cancer cell. Therefore, detailed insights into this complex signaling network are urgently needed. Here, we systematically analyzed the impact of ER stress-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) and Ca2+-signaling cross-talk for the survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. We observed enhanced ER activity and initiation of UPR signaling induced by a carbazole alkaloid (mahanine). This event triggers a time-dependent increase of intracellular Ca2+ leakage from ER and subsequently Ca2+ signaling induced by enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by this pro-oxidant agent. In addition, we observed an altered glycosylation, in particular with regard to reduced linkage-specific sialic acids possibly due to decreased sialyltransferase activity. Changes in sialylation entailed enhanced expression of the ganglioside GD3 in the treated cells. GD3, an inducer of apoptosis, inhibited pancreatic xenograft tumor. Taken together, our study describes a molecular scenario how PDAC cells are driven into apoptosis by mahanine by UPR-driven ER stress-associated and ROS-mediated calcium signaling and possibly defective sialylation.
Collapse
|
27
|
Issa ME, Wijeratne EMK, Gunatilaka AAL, Cuendet M. Withanolide D Exhibits Similar Cytostatic Effect in Drug-Resistant and Drug-Sensitive Multiple Myeloma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:610. [PMID: 28943850 PMCID: PMC5596074 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of recent therapeutic advances, multiple myeloma (MM) remains a malignancy with very low curability. This has been partly attributed to the existence of a drug-resistant subpopulation known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). MM-CSCs are equipped with the necessary tools that render them highly resistant to virtually all conventional therapies. In this study, the growth inhibitory effects of withanolide D (WND), a steroidal lactone isolated from Withania somnifera, on drug-sensitive tumoral plasma cells and drug-resistant MM cells have been investigated. In MTT/XTT assays, WND exhibited similar cytostatic effects between drug-resistant and drug-sensitive cell lines in the nM range. WND also induced cell death and apoptosis in MM-CSCs and RPMI 8226 cells, as examined by the calcein/ethidium homodimer and annexin V/propidium iodide stainings, respectively. To determine whether P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux affected the cytostatic activity of WND, P-gp was inhibited with verapamil and results indicated that the WND cytostatic effect in MM-CSCs was independent of P-gp efflux. Furthermore, WND did not increase the accumulation of the fluorescent P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 in MM-CSCs, suggesting that WND may not inhibit P-gp at the tested relevant doses. Therefore, the WND-induced cytostatic effect may be independent of P-gp efflux. These findings warrant further investigation of WND in MM-CSC animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Issa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of LausanneGeneva, Switzerland
| | - E M K Wijeratne
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, United States
| | - A A L Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, TucsonAZ, United States
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of LausanneGeneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chandrasekaran S, Veronica J, Sundar S, Maurya R. Alcoholic Fractions F5 and F6 from Withania somnifera Leaves Show a Potent Antileishmanial and Immunomodulatory Activities to Control Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:55. [PMID: 28553635 PMCID: PMC5427131 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) causes fatal life-threatening disease, if left untreated. The current drugs have various limitations; hence, natural products from medicinal plants are being focused in search of new drugs to treat leishmaniasis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities of F5 and F6 alcoholic fractions from Withania somnifera leaves and purified withaferin-A in Leishmania donovani-infected peritoneal macrophages and BALB/c mice. We observed that F5 (15 µg/mL), F6 (10 µg/mL), and withaferin-A (1.5 µM) reduce amastigote count in peritoneal macrophages and induce reactive oxygen species and significant decrease in IL-10 mRNA expression compared to control upon treatment. Subsequently, in vivo study mice were treated with F5 (25 and 50 mg/kg b.wt.), F6 (25 and 50 mg/kg b.wt.) orally, and withaferin-A (2 mg/kg b.wt.) intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days and a drastic reduction in parasite burden in both spleen and liver were observed. The treatment resulted in the reduction in IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-β mRNA expression and a significant increase in IFN-γ/IL-10 expression ratio in the treated group compared to control. The humoral response of these alcoholic fractions and withaferin-A shows increased IgG2a levels when compared with IgG1 in treated mice. Taken together, our result concludes that withanolides in alcoholic fractions demonstrate a potent antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities in experimental VL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jalaja Veronica
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Radheshyam Maurya
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Seth C, Mas C, Conod A, Mueller J, Siems K, Kuciak M, Borges I, Ruiz i Altaba A. Long-Lasting WNT-TCF Response Blocking and Epigenetic Modifying Activities of Withanolide F in Human Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168170. [PMID: 27973612 PMCID: PMC5156407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT-TCF signaling pathway participates in adult tissue homeostasis and repair, and is hyperactive in a number of human diseases including cancers of the colon. Whereas to date there are no antagonists approved for patient use, a potential problem for their sustained use is the blockade of WNT signaling in healthy tissues, thus provoking potentially serious co-lateral damage. Here we have screened a library of plant and microorganism small molecules for novel WNT signaling antagonists and describe withanolide F as a potent WNT-TCF response blocker. This steroidal lactone inhibits TCF-dependent colon cancer xenograft growth and mimics the effects of genetic blockade of TCF and of ivermectin, a previously reported WNT-TCF blocker. However, withanolide F is unique in that it imposes a long-lasting repression of tumor growth, WNT-TCF targets and cancer stem cell clonogenicity after drug treatment. These findings are paralleled by its modulation of chromatin regulators and its alteration of overall H3K4me1 levels. Our results open up the possibility to permanently repress essential signaling responses in cancer cells through limited treatments with small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Seth
- Department of Medical Genetics and Development, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Mas
- Department of Medical Genetics and Development, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arwen Conod
- Department of Medical Genetics and Development, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jens Mueller
- Analyticon Discovery, Biotech Campus Potsdam-Hermannswerder, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karsten Siems
- Analyticon Discovery, Biotech Campus Potsdam-Hermannswerder, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Monika Kuciak
- Department of Medical Genetics and Development, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Borges
- Department of Medical Genetics and Development, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ariel Ruiz i Altaba
- Department of Medical Genetics and Development, CMU, 1 rue Michel Servet, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mondal S, Roy D, Camacho-Pereira J, Khurana A, Chini E, Yang L, Baddour J, Stilles K, Padmabandu S, Leung S, Kalloger S, Gilks B, Lowe V, Dierks T, Hammond E, Dredge K, Nagrath D, Shridhar V. HSulf-1 deficiency dictates a metabolic reprograming of glycolysis and TCA cycle in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33705-19. [PMID: 26378042 PMCID: PMC4741796 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Warburg effect has emerged as a potential hallmark of many cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms that led to this metabolic state of aerobic glycolysis, particularly in ovarian cancer (OVCA) have not been completely elucidated. HSulf-1 predominantly functions by limiting the bioavailability of heparan binding growth factors and hence their downstream signaling. Here we report that HSulf-1, a known putative tumor suppressor, is a negative regulator of glycolysis. Silencing of HSulf-1 expression in OV202 cell line increased glucose uptake and lactate production by upregulating glycolytic genes such as Glut1, HKII, LDHA, as well as metabolites. Conversely, HSulf-1 overexpression in TOV21G cells resulted in the down regulation of glycolytic enzymes and reduced glycolytic phenotype, supporting the role of HSulf-1 loss in enhanced aerobic glycolysis. HSulf-1 deficiency mediated glycolytic enhancement also resulted in increased inhibitory phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) thus blocking the entry of glucose flux into TCA cycle. Consistent with this, metabolomic and isotope tracer analysis showed reduced glucose flux into TCA cycle. Moreover, HSulf-1 loss is associated with lower oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and impaired mitochondrial function. Mechanistically, lack of HSulf-1 promotes c-Myc induction through HB-EGF-mediated p-ERK activation. Pharmacological inhibition of c-Myc reduced HB-EGF induced glycolytic enzymes implicating a major role of c-Myc in loss of HSulf-1 mediated altered glycolytic pathway in OVCA. Similarly, PG545 treatment, an agent that binds to heparan binding growth factors and sequesters growth factors away from their ligand also blocked HB-EGF signaling and reduced glucose uptake in vivo in HSulf-1 deficient cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Mondal
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Debarshi Roy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Juliana Camacho-Pereira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ashwani Khurana
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eduardo Chini
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joelle Baddour
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine Stilles
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seth Padmabandu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sam Leung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steve Kalloger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Val Lowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Edward Hammond
- Progen Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keith Dredge
- Progen Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kinjo J, Nakano D, Fujioka T, Okabe H. Screening of promising chemotherapeutic candidates from plants extracts. J Nat Med 2016; 70:335-60. [PMID: 27086008 PMCID: PMC4935755 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-0992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of our studies investigating anti-proliferative properties of compounds originating from plants against human gastric adenocarcinoma (MK-1), human uterine carcinoma (HeLa), murine melanoma (B16F10), and two human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected T-cell lines (MT-1 and MT-2), we have screened 582 extracted samples obtained from a variety of parts from 370 plants. A few extracts showed anti-proliferative activity against all cell lines, but upon further investigation, toxicity toward selected cell lines was recognized. After activity-guided fractionation, isolation of the active principles was achieved. Structure–activity relationship studies identified the components and functionalities responsible for the specific selectivity against each cancer cell line. The effect of polyacetylenes against MK-1 cells was more potent than against HeLa and B16F10 cells. The compound having a 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl group also showed an anti-proliferative effect against B16F10 cells. Some 6-methoxyflavone derivatives and 8-hydroxy furanocoumarins were good inhibitors of HeLa cell growth. The 17 compounds whose EC50 values were less than 1 nM did not show specific cellular selectivity. Because the cytotoxic effect of 24, 25-dihydrowithanolide D toward control cells was observed at a concentration about 100 times higher than those for the cancer cell lines, withanolide was identified as the most promising chemotherapeutic candidate in our experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junei Kinjo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Fujioka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hikaru Okabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
El Ridi R, Tallima H, Migliardo F. Biochemical and biophysical methodologies open the road for effective schistosomiasis therapy and vaccination. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3613-3620. [PMID: 27062905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis caused by blood-dwelling flukes, namely Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium is a severe debilitating disease, widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and South America. Developing and adult worms are unscathed by the surrounding immune effectors and antibodies because the parasite is protected by a double lipid bilayer armor which allows access of nutrients, while binding of specific antibodies is denied. SCOPE OF REVIEW Fluorescence recovery after bleaching, extraction of surface membrane cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin, inhibition and activation of sphingomyelin biosynthesis and hydrolysis, and elastic incoherent and quasi-elastic neutron scattering approaches have helped to clarify the basic mechanism of this immune evasion, and showed that sphingomyelin (SM) molecules in the worm apical lipid bilayer form with surrounding water molecules a tight hydrogen bond barrier. Viability of the parasite and permeability of the outer shield are controlled by equilibrium between SM biosynthesis and activity of a tegument-associated neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase). MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Excessive nSMase activation by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as arachidonic acid (ARA) leads to disruption of the SM molecules and associated hydrogen bond network, with subsequent access of host antibodies and immune effectors to the outer membrane and eventual parasite death. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE ARA was predicted and shown to be a potent schistosomicide in vitro and in vivo in experimental animals and in children. Additionally, it was advocated that schistosomiasis vaccine candidates should be selected uniquely among excretory-secretory products of developing worms, as contrary to cytosolic and surface membrane antigens, they are able to activate the effector functions of the host antibodies and toxic molecules. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Science for Life" Guest Editor: Dr. Austen Angell, Dr. Salvatore Magazù and Dr. Federica Migliardo".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt.
| | - Hatem Tallima
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Federica Migliardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
RNAi and Homologous Over-Expression Based Functional Approaches Reveal Triterpenoid Synthase Gene-Cycloartenol Synthase Is Involved in Downstream Withanolide Biosynthesis in Withania somnifera. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149691. [PMID: 26919744 PMCID: PMC4769023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera Dunal, is one of the most commonly used medicinal plant in Ayurvedic and indigenous medicine traditionally owing to its therapeutic potential, because of major chemical constituents, withanolides. Withanolide biosynthesis requires the activities of several enzymes in vivo. Cycloartenol synthase (CAS) is an important enzyme in the withanolide biosynthetic pathway, catalyzing cyclization of 2, 3 oxidosqualene into cycloartenol. In the present study, we have cloned full-length WsCAS from Withania somnifera by homology-based PCR method. For gene function investigation, we constructed three RNAi gene-silencing constructs in backbone of RNAi vector pGSA and a full-length over-expression construct. These constructs were transformed in Agrobacterium strain GV3101 for plant transformation in W. somnifera. Molecular and metabolite analysis was performed in putative Withania transformants. The PCR and Southern blot results showed the genomic integration of these RNAi and overexpression construct(s) in Withania genome. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of WsCAS gene was considerably downregulated in stable transgenic silenced Withania lines compared with the non-transformed control and HPLC analysis showed that withanolide content was greatly reduced in silenced lines. Transgenic plants over expressing CAS gene displayed enhanced level of CAS transcript and withanolide content compared to non-transformed controls. This work is the first full proof report of functional validation of any metabolic pathway gene in W. somnifera at whole plant level as per our knowledge and it will be further useful to understand the regulatory role of different genes involved in the biosynthesis of withanolides.
Collapse
|
34
|
Palliyaguru DL, Singh SV, Kensler TW. Withania somnifera: From prevention to treatment of cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1342-53. [PMID: 26718910 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification of bioactive molecules that have potential to interrupt carcinogenesis continues to garner research interest. In particular, molecules that have dietary origin are most attractive because of their safety, cost-effectiveness and feasibility of oral administration. Nutraceuticals have played an important role in the overall well-being of humans for many years, with or without rigorous evidence backing their health claims. Traditional medicine systems around the world have utilized plants that have medicinal properties for millennia, providing an opportunity for modern day researchers to assess their efficacies against ailments such as cancer. Withania somnifera (WS) is a plant that has been used in Ayurveda (an ancient form of medicine in Asia) and in the recent past, has been demonstrated to have anti-tumorigenic properties in experimental models. While scientific research performed on WS has exploded in the past decade, much regarding the mode of action and molecular targets involved remains unknown. In this review, we discuss the traditional uses of the plant, the experimental evidence supporting its chemopreventive potential as well as roadblocks that need to be overcome in order for WS to be evaluated as a chemopreventive agent in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dushani L Palliyaguru
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Grunz-Borgmann E, Mossine V, Fritsche K, Parrish AR. Ashwagandha attenuates TNF-α- and LPS-induced NF-κB activation and CCL2 and CCL5 gene expression in NRK-52E cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:434. [PMID: 26667305 PMCID: PMC4678649 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The aging kidney is marked by a chronic inflammation, which may exacerbate the progression of renal dysfunction, as well as increase the susceptibility to acute injury. The identification of strategies to alleviate inflammation may have translational impact to attenuate kidney disease. Methods We tested the potential of ashwaganda, sutherlandia and elderberry on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced chemokine (CCL2 and CCL5) expression in vitro. Results Elderberry water-soluble extract (WSE) was pro-inflammatory, while sutherlandia WSE only partially attenuated the TNF-α-induced changes in CCL5. However, ashwaganda WSE completely prevented TNF-α-induced increases in CCL5, while attenuating the increase in CCL2 expression and NF-κB activation. The same pattern of ashwagandha protection was seen using LPS as the pro-inflammatory stimuli. Conclusions Taken together, these results demonstrate the ashwaganda WSE as a valid candidate for evaluation of therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic renal dysfunction.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Studies over the past two decades have identified ceramide as a multifunctional central molecule in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. Given its diverse tumor suppressive activities, molecular understanding of ceramide action will produce fundamental insights into processes that limit tumorigenesis and may identify key molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Ceramide can be activated by a diverse array of stresses such as heat shock, genotoxic damage, oxidative stress and anticancer drugs. Ceramide triggers a variety of tumor suppressive and anti-proliferative cellular programs such as apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, and necroptosis by activating or repressing key effector molecules. Defects in ceramide generation and metabolism in cancer contribute to tumor cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. The potent and versatile anticancer activity profile of ceramide has motivated drug development efforts to (re-)activate ceramide in established tumors. This review focuses on our current understanding of the tumor suppressive functions of ceramide and highlights the potential downstream targets of ceramide which are involved in its tumor suppressive action.
Collapse
|
37
|
Dhar N, Razdan S, Rana S, Bhat WW, Vishwakarma R, Lattoo SK. A Decade of Molecular Understanding of Withanolide Biosynthesis and In vitro Studies in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: Prospects and Perspectives for Pathway Engineering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1031. [PMID: 26640469 PMCID: PMC4661287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera, a multipurpose medicinal plant is a rich reservoir of pharmaceutically active triterpenoids that are steroidal lactones known as withanolides. Though the plant has been well-characterized in terms of phytochemical profiles as well as pharmaceutical activities, limited attempts have been made to decipher the biosynthetic route and identification of key regulatory genes involved in withanolide biosynthesis. This scenario limits biotechnological interventions for enhanced production of bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, recent emergent trends vis-à-vis, the exploration of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomics, and in vitro studies have opened new vistas regarding pathway engineering of withanolide production. During recent years, various strategic pathway genes have been characterized with significant amount of regulatory studies which allude toward development of molecular circuitries for production of key intermediates or end products in heterologous hosts. Another pivotal aspect covering redirection of metabolic flux for channelizing the precursor pool toward enhanced withanolide production has also been attained by deciphering decisive branch point(s) as robust targets for pathway modulation. With these perspectives, the current review provides a detailed overview of various studies undertaken by the authors and collated literature related to molecular and in vitro approaches employed in W. somnifera for understanding various molecular network interactions in entirety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niha Dhar
- Plant Biotechnology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Sumeer Razdan
- Plant Biotechnology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Satiander Rana
- Plant Biotechnology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Wajid W Bhat
- Plant Biotechnology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Ram Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Srivastava S, Sangwan RS, Tripathi S, Mishra B, Narnoliya LK, Misra LN, Sangwan NS. Light and auxin responsive cytochrome P450s from Withania somnifera Dunal: cloning, expression and molecular modelling of two pairs of homologue genes with differential regulation. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:1421-37. [PMID: 25687294 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) catalyse a wide variety of oxygenation/hydroxylation reactions that facilitate diverse metabolic functions in plants. Specific CYP families are essential for the biosynthesis of species-specialized metabolites. Therefore, we investigated the role of different CYPs related to secondary metabolism in Withania somnifera, a medicinally important plant of the Indian subcontinent. In this study, complete complementary DNAs (cDNAs) of four different CYP genes were isolated and christened as WSCYP93Id, WSCYP93Sm, WSCYP734B and WSCYP734R. These cDNAs encoded polypeptides comprising of 498, 496, 522 and 550 amino acid residues with their deduced molecular mass of 56.7, 56.9, 59.4 and 62.2 kDa, respectively. Phylogenetic study and molecular modelling analysis of the four cloned WSCYPs revealed their categorization into two CYP families (CYP83B1 and CYP734A1) belonging to CYP71 and CYP72 clans, respectively. BLASTp searches showed similarity of 75 and 56 %, respectively, between the two CYP members of CYP83B1 and CYP734A1 with major variances exhibited in their N-terminal regions. The two pairs of homologues exhibited differential expression profiles in the leaf tissues of selected chemotypes of W. somnifera as well as in response to treatments such as methyl jasmonate, wounding, light and auxin. Light and auxin regulated two pairs of WSCYP homologues in a developing seedling in an interesting differential manner. Their lesser resemblance and homology with other CYP sequences suggested these genes to be more specialized and distinct ones. The results on chemotype-specific expression patterns of the four genes strongly suggested their key/specialized involvement of the CYPs in the biosynthesis of chemotype-specific metabolites, though their further biochemical characterization would reveal the specificity in more detail. It is revealed that WSCYP93Id and WSCYP93Sm may be broadly involved in the oxygenation reactions in the plant and, thereby, control various pathways involving such metabolic reactions in the plant. As a representative experimental validation of this notion, WSCYP93Id was heterologouly expressed in Escherichia coli and catalytic capabilities of the recombinant WSCYP93Id protein were evaluated using withanolides as substrates. Optimized assays with some major withanolides (withanone, withaferin A and withanolide A) involving spectrophotometric as well as high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based evaluation (product detection) of the reactions showed conversion of withaferin A to a hydroxylated product. The genes belonging to other CYP group are possibly involved in some specialised synthesis such as that of brassinosteroids.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biotransformation
- Cloning, Molecular
- Computational Biology
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/chemistry
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- Databases, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Hydroxylation
- Indoleacetic Acids/pharmacology
- Isoenzymes
- Light
- Models, Molecular
- Phylogeny
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Medicinal
- Protein Conformation
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Substrate Specificity
- Withania/drug effects
- Withania/enzymology
- Withania/genetics
- Withania/radiation effects
- Withanolides/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Srivastava
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
- Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Negev, Israel
| | - Rajender Singh Sangwan
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, UP, India.
- Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), (A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Mohali, 1600 71, Punjab, India.
| | - Sandhya Tripathi
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
| | - Bhawana Mishra
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
| | - L K Narnoliya
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
| | - L N Misra
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
| | - Neelam S Sangwan
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, UP, India.
- Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), (A National Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Mohali, 1600 71, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shamseddine AA, Clarke CJ, Carroll B, Airola MV, Mohammed S, Rella A, Obeid LM, Hannun YA. P53-dependent upregulation of neutral sphingomyelinase-2: role in doxorubicin-induced growth arrest. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1947. [PMID: 26512957 PMCID: PMC4632297 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (nSMase2) is a ceramide-generating enzyme that has been implicated in growth arrest, apoptosis and exosome secretion. Although previous studies have reported transcriptional upregulation of nSMase2 in response to daunorubicin, through Sp1 and Sp3 transcription factors, the role of the DNA damage pathway in regulating nSMase2 remains unclear. In this study, we show that doxorubicin induces a dose-dependent induction of nSMase2 mRNA and protein with concomitant increases in nSMase activity and ceramide levels. Upregulation of nSMase2 was dependent on ATR, Chk1 and p53, thus placing it downstream of the DNA damage pathway. Moreover, overexpression of p53 was sufficient to transcriptionally induce nSMase2, without the need for DNA damage. DNA-binding mutants as well as acetylation mutants of p53 were unable to induce nSMase2, suggesting a role of nSMase2 in growth arrest. Moreover, knockdown of nSMase2 prevented doxorubicin-induced growth arrest. Finally, p53-induced nSMase2 upregulation appears to occur via a novel transcription start site upstream of exon 3. These results identify nSMase2 as a novel p53 target gene, regulated by the DNA damage pathway to induce cell growth arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Shamseddine
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8430, USA
| | - C J Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8430, USA
| | - B Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8430, USA
| | - M V Airola
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8430, USA
| | - S Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8430, USA
| | - A Rella
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8430, USA
| | - L M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8430, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8430, USA
| | - Y A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8430, USA.,Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8430, USA.,The Northport Veterans Affairs Hospital, Northport, NY 11768, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kitatani K, Taniguchi M, Okazaki T. Role of Sphingolipids and Metabolizing Enzymes in Hematological Malignancies. Mol Cells 2015; 38:482-95. [PMID: 25997737 PMCID: PMC4469906 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids such as ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingomyelin have been emerging as bioactive lipids since ceramide was reported to play a role in human leukemia HL-60 cell differentiation and death. Recently, it is well-known that ceramide acts as an inducer of cell death, that sphingomyelin works as a regulator for microdomain function of the cell membrane, and that sphingosine-1-phosphate plays a role in cell survival/proliferation. The lipids are metabolized by the specific enzymes, and each metabolite could be again returned to the original form by the reverse action of the different enzyme or after a long journey of many metabolizing/synthesizing pathways. In addition, the metabolites may serve as reciprocal bio-modulators like the rheostat between ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Therefore, the change of lipid amount in the cells, the subcellular localization and the downstream signal in a specific subcellular organelle should be clarified to understand the pathobiological significance of sphingolipids when extracellular stimulation induces a diverse of cell functions such as cell death, proliferation and migration. In this review, we focus on how sphingolipids and their metabolizing enzymes cooperatively exert their function in proliferation, migration, autophagy and death of hematopoetic cells, and discuss the way developing a novel therapeutic device through the regulation of sphingolipids for effectively inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell death in hematological malignancies such as leukemia, malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kitatani
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai,
Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai,
Japan
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293,
Japan
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293,
Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293,
Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Henrich CJ, Brooks AD, Erickson KL, Thomas CL, Bokesch HR, Tewary P, Thompson CR, Pompei RJ, Gustafson KR, McMahon JB, Sayers TJ. Withanolide E sensitizes renal carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by increasing cFLIP degradation. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1666. [PMID: 25719250 PMCID: PMC4669816 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Withanolide E, a steroidal lactone from Physalis peruviana, was found to be highly active for sensitizing renal carcinoma cells and a number of other human cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis. Withanolide E, the most potent and least toxic of five TRAIL-sensitizing withanolides identified, enhanced death receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling by a rapid decline in the levels of cFLIP proteins. Other mechanisms by which TRAIL sensitizers have been reported to work: generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in pro-and antiapoptotic protein expression, death receptor upregulation, activation of intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathways, ER stress, and proteasomal inhibition proved to be irrelevant to withanolide E activity. Loss of cFLIP proteins was not due to changes in expression, but rather destabilization and/or aggregation, suggesting impairment of chaperone proteins leading to degradation. Indeed, withanolide E treatment altered the stability of a number of HSP90 client proteins, but with greater apparent specificity than the well-known HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin. As cFLIP has been reported to be an HSP90 client, this provides a potentially novel mechanism for sensitizing cells to TRAIL. Sensitization of human renal carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by withanolide E and its lack of toxicity were confirmed in animal studies. Owing to its novel activity, withanolide E is a promising reagent for the analysis of mechanisms of TRAIL resistance, for understanding HSP90 function, and for further therapeutic development. In marked contrast to bortezomib, among the best currently available TRAIL sensitizers, withanolide E's more specific mechanism of action suggests minimal toxic side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Henrich
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - A D Brooks
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology and Cancer Inflammation Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - K L Erickson
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - C L Thomas
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - H R Bokesch
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - P Tewary
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology and Cancer Inflammation Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - C R Thompson
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology and Cancer Inflammation Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - R J Pompei
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology and Cancer Inflammation Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - K R Gustafson
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - J B McMahon
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - T J Sayers
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology and Cancer Inflammation Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Saema S, Rahman LU, Niranjan A, Ahmad IZ, Misra P. RNAi-mediated gene silencing of WsSGTL1 in W.somnifera affects growth and glycosylation pattern. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1078064. [PMID: 26357855 PMCID: PMC4854344 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1078064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sterol glycosyltransferases (SGTs) belong to family 1 of glycosyltransferases (GTs) and are enzymes responsible for synthesis of sterol-glucosides (SGs) in many organisms. WsSGTL1 is a SGT of Withania somnifera that has been found associated with plasma membranes. However its biological function in W.somnifera is largely unknown. In the present study, we have demonstrated through RNAi silencing of WsSGTL1 gene that it performs glycosylation of withanolides and sterols resulting in glycowithanolides and glycosylated sterols respectively, and affects the growth and development of transgenic W.somnifera. For this, RNAi construct (pFGC1008-WsSGTL1) was made and genetic transformation was done by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. HPLC analysis depicts the reduction of withanoside V (the glycowithanolide of W.somnifera) and a large increase of withanolides (majorly withaferin A) content. Also, a significant decrease in level of glycosylated sterols has been observed. Hence, the obtained data provides an insight into the biological function of WsSGTL1 gene in W.somnifera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Saema
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Bioscience; Integral University; Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laiq ur Rahman
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants; Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Niranjan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Iffat Zareen Ahmad
- Department of Bioscience; Integral University; Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratibha Misra
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shamseddine AA, Airola MV, Hannun YA. Roles and regulation of neutral sphingomyelinase-2 in cellular and pathological processes. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 57:24-41. [PMID: 25465297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the functions of ceramide signaling has advanced tremendously over the past decade. In this review, we focus on the roles and regulation of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), an enzyme that generates the bioactive lipid ceramide through the hydrolysis of the membrane lipid sphingomyelin. A large body of work has now implicated nSMase2 in a diverse set of cellular functions, physiological processes, and disease pathologies. We discuss different aspects of this enzyme's regulation from transcriptional, post-translational, and biochemical. Furthermore, we highlight nSMase2 involvement in cellular processes including inflammatory signaling, exosome generation, cell growth, and apoptosis, which in turn play important roles in pathologies such as cancer metastasis, Alzheimer's disease, and other organ systems disorders. Lastly, we examine avenues where targeted nSMase2-inhibition may be clinically beneficial in disease scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achraf A Shamseddine
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; The Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; The Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; The Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mandal C, Sarkar S, Chatterjee U, Schwartz-Albiez R, Mandal C. Disialoganglioside GD3-synthase over expression inhibits survival and angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer cells through cell cycle arrest at S-phase and disruption of integrin-β1-mediated anchorage. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:162-73. [PMID: 24842107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides play important roles in the development, differentiation and proliferation of mammalian cells. They bind to other cell membrane components through their terminal sialic acids. Different gangliosides influence cellular functions based on the positions and linkages of sialic acids. Expression of gangliosides mainly depends on the status of sialic acid-modulatory enzymes, such as different types of sialyltransferases and sialidases. One such sialyltransferase, disialoganglioside GD3 synthase, is specifically responsible for the production of GD3. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, making up more than 90% of pancreatic cancers, is a fatal malignancy with poor prognosis. Despite higher sialylation status, the disialoganglioside GD3 level is very low in this cancer. However, the exact status and function of this disialoganglioside is still unknown. Here, we intended to study the intracellular mechanism of disialoganglioside GD3-induced apoptosis and its correlation with the adhesion and angiogenic pathways in pancreatic cancer. We demonstrated that disialoganglioside GD3 synthase-transfected cells showed enhanced apoptosis and it caused the arrest of these cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. Integrins, a family of transmembrane proteins play important role in cell-cell recognition, invasion, adhesion and migration. disialoganglioside GD3 co-localised with integrin-β1 and thereby inhibited it's downstream signalling in transfected cells. Transfected cells exhibited inhibition of cell adhesion with extracellular matrix proteins. Enhanced GD3 expression down regulated angiogenesis-regulatory proteins and inhibited epidermal growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor-driven angiogenic cell growth in these cells. Taken together, our study provides support for the GD3-induced cell cycle arrest, disruption of integrin-β1-mediated anchorage, inhibition of angiogenesis and thereby induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Mandal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sayantani Sarkar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Uttara Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research and Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Reinhard Schwartz-Albiez
- German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, D0104 Tumor Immunology Programme, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chitra Mandal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tripathi CDP, Gupta R, Kushawaha PK, Mandal C, Misra Bhattacharya S, Dube A. Efficacy ofWithania somniferachemotypes NMITLI - 101R, 118R and Withaferin A against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2014; 36:253-65. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. P. Tripathi
- Division of Parasitology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - R. Gupta
- Division of Parasitology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - P. K. Kushawaha
- Division of Parasitology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - C. Mandal
- Division of Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - S. Misra Bhattacharya
- Division of Parasitology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - A. Dube
- Division of Parasitology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lymphocyte-derived microparticles induce apoptosis of airway epithelial cells through activation of p38 MAPK and production of arachidonic acid. Apoptosis 2014; 19:1113-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
47
|
Migliardo F, Tallima H, El Ridi R. Rigidity and resistance of larval- and adult schistosomes-medium interface. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:255-60. [PMID: 24589739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is second only to malaria in prevalence and severity, and is still a major health problem in many tropical countries worldwide with about 200-300 million cases and with more than 800 million people at risk of infection. Based on these data, the World Health Organization recommends fostering research efforts for understanding at any level the mechanisms of the infection and then decreasing the social and economical impact of schistosomiasis. A key role is played by the parasite apical lipid membrane, which is entirely impervious to the surrounding elements of the immune system. We have previously demonstrated that the interaction between schistosomes and surrounding medium is governed by a parasite surface membrane sphingomyelin-based hydrogen barrier. In the present article, the elastic contribution to the total motion as a function of the exchanged wave-vector Q and the mean square displacement values for Schistosoma mansoni larvae and worms and Schistosomahaematobium worms have been evaluated by quasi elastic neutron scattering (QENS). The results point out that S. mansoni larvae show a smaller mean square displacement in comparison to S. mansoni and S. haematobium worms. These values increased by repeating the measurements after one day. These differences, which are analogous to those observed for the diffusion coefficient we previously evaluated, are interpreted in terms of rigidity of the parasite-medium interaction. S. mansoni larvae are the most rigid systems, while S. haematobium worms are the most flexible. In addition, temperature and hypoxia induce a weakening of the schistosome-medium interaction. These evidences are related to the strength of the hydrogen-bonded interaction between parasites and environment that we previously determined. We have shown that S. mansoni worms are characterized by a weakened interaction in respect to the larvae, while the S. haematobium worms more weakly interact with the surrounding medium than S. mansoni. The present QENS analysis allowed us to characterize the rigidity of larval- and adult S. mansoni and S. haematobium-host interface and to relate it to the parasite resistance to the hostile elements of the surrounding medium and to the immune effectors attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Migliardo
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Hatem Tallima
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sarkar S, Mandal C, Sangwan R, Mandal C. Coupling G2/M arrest to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway restrains pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:113-25. [PMID: 24402132 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
β-catenin plays a pivotal role in organogenesis and oncogenesis. Alterations in β-catenin expression are common in pancreatic cancer, which is an extremely aggressive malignancy with a notably poor prognosis. In this report, we analyzed the apoptotic activity of withanolide-D (witha-D), a steroidal lactone that was purified from an Indian medicinal plant, Withania somnifera, and its underlying mechanism of action. Witha-D induced apoptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells by prompting cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. This lactone abrogated β-catenin signaling in these cells regardless of disease grade, mutational status, and gemcitabine sensitivity. Witha-D also upregulated E-cadherin in most cells, thereby supporting the inversion of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, the Akt/Gsk3β kinase cascade was identified as a critical mediator of G2/M regulation and β-catenin signaling. Witha-D deactivated Akt, which failed to promote Gsk3β deactivation phosphorylation. Consequently, activated Gsk3β facilitated β-catenin destruction in pancreatic carcinoma cells. The knockdown of Chk1 and Chk2 further activated Akt and reversed the molecular signal. Taken together, the results of the current study represent the first evidence of β-catenin signal crosstalk during the G2/M phase by functionally inactivating Akt via witha-D treatment in pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, this finding suggests the potential identification of a new lead molecule in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Sarkar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India Bio-Processing Unit, Department of Bio-Technology, Govt. of India, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Secondary Metabolites of Traditional Medical Plants: A Case Study of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera). PLANT CELL MONOGRAPHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-41787-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
50
|
Ceramide mediates Ox-LDL-induced human vascular smooth muscle cell calcification via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82379. [PMID: 24358176 PMCID: PMC3865066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and has been demonstrated as an actively regulated process resembling bone formation. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) has been identified as a regulatory factor involved in calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Additionally, over-expression of recombinant human neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) has been shown to stimulate VSMC apoptosis, which plays an important role in the progression of vascular calcification. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ceramide regulates Ox-LDL-induced calcification of VSMCs via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Ox-LDL increased the activity of N-SMase and the level of ceramide in cultured VSMCs. Calcification and the osteogenic transcription factor, Msx2 mRNA expression were reduced by N-SMase inhibitor, GW4869 in the presence of Ox-LDL. Usage of GW4869 inhibited Ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in VSMCs, an effect which was reversed by C2-ceramide. Additionally, C2-ceramide treatment accelerated VSMC calcification, with a concomitant increase in ALP activity. Furthermore, C2-ceramide treatment enhanced Ox-LDL-induced VSMC calcification. Addition of caspase inhibitor, ZVAD-fmk attenuated Ox-LDL-induced calcification. Both Ox-LDL and C2-ceramide treatment increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 attenuated Ox-LDL-induced calcification of VSMCs. These data suggest that Ox-LDL activates N-SMase-ceramide signaling pathway, and stimulates phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, leading to apoptosis in VSMCs, which initiates VSMC calcification.
Collapse
|