1
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Heiat F, Ahmadi A, Shojaeifard M. The Exercise Preconditioning Effect on Cardiac Tissue Injury following Induction of Myocardial Infarction in Male Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:3631458. [PMID: 37483656 PMCID: PMC10359142 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3631458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Materials and Methods Twenty-four male rats were divided into 4 groups including MI, Sham, HIIT, and HIIT+MI (N = 6). HIIT and HIIT+MI which underwent high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for 4 weeks (5 days a week). The training protocol included 10 intervals of 1-minute running, with 2 minutes rest between each interval. The training intensity was different every week according to the peak treadmill running speed (v peak) percentage of each rat. Isoproterenol injection was used to induce myocardial infarction (MI). Expressions of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), PGC-1α troponin-I, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microRNA 126 (miR-126) genes were measured. The variables were measured using biochemical and RT-PCR methods. The significance level (P value≤0.05) was analyzed using ANOVA test. Results The results showed that 4 weeks of HIIT training led to a significant increase in PGC-1α, TFAm, and VEGF levels in the MI, HIIT, and HIIT+MI groups compared to the sham group (P = 0.001). HIIT exercises increased miR-126 in the different groups compared to the sham group; however, it was not significant. Conclusion The results obtained showed that HIIT exercise exerts cardio-protective effects to reduce cardiac tissue injury and necrosis against MI. These effects increase mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis by inducing the increased expression of VEGF, TFAM, PGC-1α, and miR-126 genes in the heart tissue. Therefore, HIIT training, as a preconditioning program, was able to protect the cardiac tissue against MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Heiat
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran
| | - Azam Ahmadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Mirdamad Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Manzarbanoo Shojaeifard
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INRPRC) Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Vahdat-Lasemi F, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Tasbandi A, Jaafari MR, Sahebkar A. Targeting interleukin-β by plant-derived natural products: Implications for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5596-5622. [PMID: 34390063 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the main contributing factor to atheroma formation in atherosclerosis. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is an inflammatory mediator found in endothelial cells and resident leukocytes. Canakinumab is a selective monoclonal antibody against IL-1β which attenuates inflammation and concurrently precipitates fatal infections and sepsis. Natural products derived from medicinal plants, herbal remedy and functional foods are widely used nowadays. Experimental and clinical trial evidence supports that some natural products such as curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin have potential effects on IL-1β suppression. In this review, we tried to document findings that used medicinal plants and plant-based natural products for treating atherosclerosis and its related diseases through the suppression of IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vahdat-Lasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Aida Tasbandi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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3
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Sarikaya B, Runa M, Dayanir D, Gündüztepe Y, Pinar L. Paraoxonase and oxidative stress changes in left and right ventricles of exhaustively exercised rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:752-759. [PMID: 33201749 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exhaustive exercise can cause subclinical inflammation to the heart, as it is an oxidative tissue that works continuously. The effect of exhaustive exercise on left and right ventricles (LVs, RVs) may be different. It is claimed that paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme, has a cardioprotective effect on oxidative stress. Rats were separated as non-exercised controls (Con), those euthanized immediately after (E-0) and 24 h after exhaustive exercise (E-24). Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), PON1 activities, and histological findings in LV and RV of the exhausted rats were evaluated. TAS and PON1 levels were lower in LVs compared with RVs of all groups. TOS levels were high in LVs compared with RVs of all groups. In LVs, TAS levels decreased significantly in the E-0 group while PON1 activity decreased in E-0 and E-24 groups compared with controls. In LVs, TOS levels decreased significantly in E-0 and E-24 groups, but in RVs a decrease was seen only in the E-0 group. cTnI levels increased significantly in the E-0 group and decreased to control levels in the E-24 group. Considering the histological and biochemical findings, exhaustive exercise affected the heart to the maximum during and just after exhaustion, and LV was influenced more than RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badegül Sarikaya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Runa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Dayanir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gündüztepe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lamia Pinar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Okan University, İstanbul, Turkey
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4
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Behl T, Bungau S, Kumar K, Zengin G, Khan F, Kumar A, Kaur R, Venkatachalam T, Tit DM, Vesa CM, Barsan G, Mosteanu DE. Pleotropic Effects of Polyphenols in Cardiovascular System. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110714. [PMID: 34321158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of naturally occurring, polyphenol supplementations, on cardiovascular system. The present review emphasizes on the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disorders (involving heart and blood vessels), and overview of preclinical and clinical trials on polyphenols for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The review collaborates PUBMED, Google Scholar and Research gate databases, which were explored using keywords and their combinations such as polyphenols, cardiovascular disease, flavonoids, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors and several others, to create an eclectic manuscript. The potency and efficacy of these polyphenols are mainly depending upon the amount of consumption and bioavailability. Recent data showed that polyphenols also exert beneficial actions on vascular system by blocking platelet aggregation and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), ameliorating endothelial dysfunction, reducing blood pressure, improving antioxidant defenses and alleviating inflammatory responses. Several studies evidently support the cardioprotective actions mediated by polyphenols, however, some studies or long-term follow-up of human studies, did not demonstrate decisive outcomes because of variations in dose regimen and lack of appropriate controls. Therefore, more data is required to explore the therapeutic benefits of bioactive compounds as a preventive therapy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania.
| | - Keshav Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Fazlullah Khan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania
| | - Ghita Barsan
- "Nicolae Balcescu" Land Force Academy, Sibiu, Romania
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5
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Dong X, Du S, Deng Q, Tang H, Yang C, Wei F, Chen H, Quek SY, Zhou A, Liu L. Study on the antioxidant activity and emulsifying properties of flaxseed gum-whey protein isolate conjugates prepared by Maillard reaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:1157-1164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Prasad K, Khan AS, Shoker M. Flaxseed and Its Components in Treatment of Hyperlipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Angiol 2020; 29:216-222. [PMID: 33268971 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the effects of flaxseed and its components (flax oil, secoisolariciresinoldiglucoside[SDG], flax lignan complex [FLC], and flax fibers] on serum lipids (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglycerides [TG]) in animals and humans. Ordinary flaxseed reduces TG, TC, LDL-C, and TC/HDL-C levels in a dose-dependent manner in animals. In humans, it reduces serum lipids in hypercholesterolemicpatients but has no effects in normocholesterolemicpatients. Flax oil has variable effects on serum lipids in normo- and hypercholesterolemic animals. Flax oil treatment, with a dosage containing greater than 25 g/day of α-linolenic acid, reduces serum lipids in humans. Although FLC reduces serum lipids and raises serum HDL-C in animals, its effects on serum lipids in humans are small and variable. Flax fibers exert small effects on serum lipids in humans. Crop Development Centre (CDC)-flaxseed, which contains low concentrations of α-linolenic acid, has significant lipid lowering effects in animals. Pure SDG has potent hypolipidemic effects and raises HDL-C. In conclusion, flaxseed and pure SDG have significant lipid-lowering effects in animals and humans, while other components of flaxseed have small and variable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Amal S Khan
- Community, Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Muhammad Shoker
- Department of Physiology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Shah SWA, Ishfaq M, Nasrullah M, Qayum A, Akhtar MU, Jo H, Hussain M, Teng X. Ammonia inhalation-induced inflammation and structural impairment in the bursa of fabricius and thymus of broilers through NF-κB signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11596-11607. [PMID: 31970641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is a toxic, environmental pollutant, and irritant gas. Previous studies reported the toxic effects of NH3 which led to inflammation in various organs of chicken. However, the exact mechanism of NH3-induced inflammation in chicken lymphoid organs bursa of fabricius (BF) and thymus is still elusive. Thus, this study was designed to investigate NH3-induced inflammation in chicken BF and thymus. Experimental chickens were divided into low (5.0 mg/m3), middle (10.0-15.0 mg/m3), and high (20.0-45.0 mg/m3) NH3-treated groups. To investigate NH3-induced inflammation in chicken's BF and thymus, histological observation, NO content and iNOS activity, inflammatory cytokine contents, and mRNA levels were performed by light microscopy, microplate spectrophotometer, ELISA assay, and qRT-PCR. The finding of the present study showed that NH3 exposure reduced BF and thymus index, increased nitric oxide (NO) content and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, inflammatory cytokine contents and mRNA levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-1β, IL-18, toll-like receptor 2A (TLR-2A), and iNOS. Histopathological examination revealed signs of inflammation including increased nuclear debris and vacuoles in the cortex and medulla of thymus and bursal follicles. Conclusively, our findings displayed that NH3 exposure affects the normal function of BF and thymus and led inflammation. The data provided a new ground for NH3-induced toxicity and risk assessment in chicken production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Waqas Ali Shah
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development. Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiang Fang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Nasrullah
- College of Agricultural economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Qayum
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Usman Akhtar
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hyeonsoo Jo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Ghanimati R, Rajabi H, Ramezani F, Ramez M, Bapiran M, Nasirinezhad F. The effect of preconditioning with high-intensity training on tissue levels of G-CSF, its receptor and C-kit after an acute myocardial infarction in male rats. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:75. [PMID: 32046645 PMCID: PMC7011373 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise training is known as a practical way to increase cardioprotection against stress, and it seems that stem cell recruitment is one of its mechanisms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of preconditioning with High-intensity interval training (HIIT) on tissue levels of G-CSF, its receptor and C-Kit following acute myocardial infarction in male rats. Methods Twenty Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of control, MI, HIIT, and HIIT+MI. Training groups performed 2 weeks of high intensity interval training in 4 sections. The first section consisted training in 3 days and 2 sessions in each day (4 × 2 min with 35–40 m/min and 3 × 2 min with 25–30 m/min between high intervals. The second part included 2 days of training (4 × 2 min with 40 to 45 m/min and 3 × 2 min with 28 to 32 m /min). The third part was performed in 3 days with one more repetition. The fourth section consisted 2 days of training and with one more repetition compared to section 3. For induction of myocardial infarction, subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline was used. CK, total CK, LDH, and troponin T were measured in serum and G-CSF, G-CSFR and C-Kit proteins were measured by the Western Blot method in the heart tissue. Results The results of this study showed that enzymes of CK, total CK, LDH, troponin T had a significant increase in both MI and HIIT+MI groups compared to the other two groups (P < 0.001) and these indices in the MI group were significantly higher than the HIIT+MI group. Also, the results demonstrated that G-CSF, G-CSFR and C-Kit protein expression in the heart tissue significantly increased after MI. As well as, 2 weeks of HIIT training significantly increased G-CSF and C-kit in the training group compared to the control group, but the training caused that these proteins does not increase in HIIT+MI group as much as MI group. Conclusions Along with other protective pathways, high intensity interval training can increase cardioprotection and decrease heart injuries through the increase in G-CSF, G-CSFR and C-kit level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghanimati
- Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rajabi
- Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center and Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Ramez
- Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bapiran
- Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasirinezhad
- Physiology Research Center and Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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An Y, Xing H, Zhang Y, Jia P, Gu X, Teng X. The evaluation of potential immunotoxicity induced by environmental pollutant ammonia in broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3165-3175. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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10
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Rahmati-Ahmadabad S, Broom DR, Ghanbari-Niaki A, Shirvani H. Effects of exercise on reverse cholesterol transport: A systemized narrative review of animal studies. Life Sci 2019; 224:139-148. [PMID: 30922848 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCTr) is the mechanism by which excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues is transported to the liver for hepatobiliary excretion, thereby inhibiting foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerosis. Exercise affects RCTr, by influencing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) through remodeling and by promoting hepatobiliary sterol excretion. The objectives of this systematized review of animal studies is to summarize the literature and provide an overview of the effects of chronic exercise (at least two weeks) on apolipoproteins (Apo A-I, Apo-E), Paraoxonase-1 (PON1), ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG4, ABCG5, ABCG8), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar) were searched for eligible studies conducted from the earliest available date to August 2018. KEY FINDINGS Most of studies investigate the effects of low to moderate intensity aerobic training on RCTr elements. The majority were on exercised rats undertaking moderate intensity aerobic training. SIGNIFICANCE This review highlights that moderate intensity and longer-term training has a greater effect on RCTr elements than low intensity training. There a few studies examining high intensity training which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Robert Broom
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Abbass Ghanbari-Niaki
- Exercise Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Kouhestani S, Zare S, Babaei P. Flavonoids Fraction of Mespilus Germanica Alleviates Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome Model of Ovariectomized Rats via Reduction in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α. J Menopausal Med 2018; 24:169-175. [PMID: 30671409 PMCID: PMC6336565 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.2018.24.3.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The rate of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women diagnosed as they age is one of the main concerns of health cares. Recently new strategies used to prevent progressions of MetS toward the diagnosis of diabetes have focused on plant flavonoids. This study was aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of flavonoids fraction of Mespilus germanica leaves (MGL) on MetS in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods Twenty-four adult female Wistar rats, weighing 200 to 250 g, were divided into 3 groups: Sham surgery, OVX + Salin, or OVX + Flavonoid. Three weeks after ovariectomy, animals displayed MetS criteria received flavonoid injection (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for 21 days. Then the body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, visceral fat, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profiles and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. Results Treatment with flavonoids fraction of MGL significantly decreased serum level of insulin (P = 0.011), glucose (P = 0.024), TNF-α (P = 0.010), also MetS Z score (P = 0.020) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P = 0.007). Lipid profiles and visceral fat showed insignificant reduction. Conclusions Flavonoids of MGL attenuates some of the MetS components possibly via reduction in TNF-α inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kouhestani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Samad Zare
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Parvin Babaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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12
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Alpha linolenic acid intake alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via the P2X7R/NF-κB signalling pathway. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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13
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Anti-Oxidative and Neuroprotective Effects of Supplementary Flaxseed on Oxidative Damage in the Hippocampus Area of a Rat Model of Hypoxia. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.60193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Ganguly R, Hasanally D, Stamenkovic A, Maddaford TG, Chaudhary R, Pierce GN, Ravandi A. Alpha linolenic acid decreases apoptosis and oxidized phospholipids in cardiomyocytes during ischemia/reperfusion. Mol Cell Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Barbeau PA, Holloway TM, Whitfield J, Baechler BL, Quadrilatero J, van Loon LJC, Chabowski A, Holloway GP. α-Linolenic acid and exercise training independently, and additively, decrease blood pressure and prevent diastolic dysfunction in obese Zucker rats. J Physiol 2017; 595:4351-4364. [PMID: 28345766 DOI: 10.1113/jp274036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS α-linolenic acid (ALA) and exercise training both attenuate hyperlipidaemia-related cardiovascular derangements, however, there is a paucity of information pertaining to their mechanisms of action when combined. We investigated both the independent and combined effects of exercise training and ALA consumption in obese Zucker rats, aiming to determine the potential for additive improvements in cardiovascular function. ALA and exercise training independently improved cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, left ventricular fibrosis and mean blood pressure following a 4 week intervention. Combining ALA and endurance exercise yielded greater improvements in these parameters, independent of changes in markers of oxidative stress or endogenous anti-oxidants. We postulate that divergent mechanisms of action may explain these changes: ALA increases peripheral vasodilation, and exercise training stimulates angiogenesis. ABSTRACT Although α-linolenic acid (ALA) and endurance exercise training independently attenuate hyperlipidaemia-related cardiovascular derangements, there is a paucity of information pertaining to their mechanisms of action and efficacy when combined as a preventative therapeutic approach. Therefore, we used obese Zucker rats to investigate the independent and combined effects of these interventions on cardiovascular disease. Specifically, animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control diet-sedentary, ALA supplemented-sedentary, control diet-exercise trained or ALA supplemented-exercise trained. Following a 4 week intervention, although the independent and combined effects of ALA and exercise reduced (P < 0.05) the serum free/esterified cholesterol ratio, only the ALA supplemented-exercise trained animals displayed a reduction in the content of both serum free and esterified cholesterol. Moreover, although ALA and endurance training individually increased cardiac output, stroke volume and end-diastolic volume, as well as reduced left ventricle fibrosis, mean blood pressure and total peripheral resistance, these responses were all greater following the combined intervention (ALA supplemented-exercise trained). These effects occurred independent of changes in oxidative phosphorylation proteins, markers of oxidative stress or endogenous anti-oxidant capacity. We propose that the beneficial effects of a combined intervention occur as a result of divergent mechanisms of action elicited by ALA and endurance exercise because only exercise training increased the capillary content in the left ventricle and skeletal muscle, and tended to decrease protein carbonylation in the left ventricle (P = 0.06). Taken together, our data indicate that combining ALA and endurance exercise provides additional improvements in cardiovascular disease risk reduction compared to singular interventions in the obese Zucker rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Andre Barbeau
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya M Holloway
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie Whitfield
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany L Baechler
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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16
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The Search for Dietary Supplements to Elevate or Activate Circulating Paraoxonases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020416. [PMID: 28212288 PMCID: PMC5343950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) have been associated with the development of several pathological conditions, whereas high levels have been shown to be anti-atherosclerotic in mouse models. These findings suggest that PON1 could be a good surrogate biomarker. The other members of the family, namely PON2 and PON3, the role of which has been much less studied, deserve more attention. This paper provides a systematic review of current evidence concerning dietary supplements in that regard. Preliminary studies indicate that the response to dietary supplements may have a nutrigenetic aspect that will need to be considered in large population studies or in clinical trials. A wide range of plant preparations have been found to have a positive action, with pomegranate and some of its components being the best characterized and Aronia melanocarpa one of the most active. Flavonoids are found in the composition of all active extracts, with catechins and genistein being the most promising agents for increasing PON1 activity. However, some caveats regarding the dose, length of treatment, bioavailability, and stability of these compounds in formulations still need to be addressed. Once these issues have been resolved, these compounds could be included as nutraceuticals and functional foods capable of increasing PON1 activity, thereby helping with the long-term prevention of atherosclerosis and other chronic ailments.
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17
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Cardioprotective effect of resveratrol analogue isorhapontigenin versus omega-3 fatty acids in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:469-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Ren GY, Chen CY, Chen GC, Chen WG, Pan A, Pan CW, Zhang YH, Qin LQ, Chen LH. Effect of Flaxseed Intervention on Inflammatory Marker C-Reactive Protein: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2016; 8:136. [PMID: 26959052 PMCID: PMC4808865 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional food-flaxseed and its derivatives (flaxseed oil or lignans) are beneficial for human health, possibly because of their anti-inflammatory effects. C-reactive protein (CRP), a sensitive marker of inflammation was chosen to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of flaxseed. We searched randomized controlled trials from PubMed and the Cochrane Library in October 2015 and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of flaxseed and its derivatives on CRP. The mean differences (net change) in CRP (mg/L) concentrations were pooled with a random- or a fixed-effects model depending on the results of heterogeneity tests. Overall, flaxseed interventions had no effects on reduction of CRP (p = 0.428). The null effects were consistent in the subgroup analysis with multiple studies and population characteristics. Significant heterogeneity was observed in most of the analyses. Meta-regression identified baseline body mass index (BMI) as a significant source of heterogeneity (P-interaction = 0.032), with a significant reduction in CRP of 0.83 mg/L (95% confidence interval −1.34 to −0.31; p = 0.002) among subjects with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2. In conclusion, our meta-analysis did not find sufficient evidence that flaxseed and its derivatives have a beneficial effect on reducing circulating CRP. However, they may significantly reduce CRP in obese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi street, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Chun-Yang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi street, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Wei-Guo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi street, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yong-Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Li-Hua Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, China.
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19
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Role of calcitonin gene-related peptide in cardioprotection of short-term and long-term exercise preconditioning. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:53-9. [PMID: 24566463 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in cardioprotection of short-term and long-term exercise preconditioning (EP). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were, respectively, subjected to continuous intermittent treadmill training 3 days or 3 weeks as short-term or long-term EP protocols. The myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol (ISO) was performed 24 hours after short-term and long-term EP. The myocardial injury was evaluated in terms of the serum cardiac troponin levels and the hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid staining. Additionally, serum CGRP levels, CGRP expression in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and heart were analyzed as possible mechanisms to explain short-term and long-term EP-induced cardioprotection. RESULTS Both short-term and long-term EP markedly attenuated the isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia with lower serum cardiac troponin levels. Short-term EP does not alter serum CGRP levels and CGRP expression in the DRG and heart. Long-term EP significantly increases serum CGRP levels and CGRP expression in the DRG and heart. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that short-term EP does not increase the synthesis and release of CGRP. Therefore, the cardioprotective effect of short-term EP does not involve CGRP adaptation. Furthermore, long-term EP increases CGRP synthesis in the DRG and promotes CGRP release in the blood and heart. Hence, CGRP may play an important role in the cardioprotective effect of long-term EP.
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20
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Khalesi S, Irwin C, Schubert M. Flaxseed consumption may reduce blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. J Nutr 2015; 145:758-65. [PMID: 25740909 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.205302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood pressure is a major health burden positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Flaxseed is a rich dietary source of α-linolenic acid, lignans, and fiber, with a number of positive health benefits on blood pressure. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of flaxseed consumption on blood pressure. Further, the influence of baseline blood pressure, type of flaxseed supplementation, and duration of flaxseed supplementation on blood pressure was explored. METHOD PubMed (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Library (Central) were searched through July 2014 for studies in which humans supplemented their habitual diet with flaxseed or its extracts (i.e., oil, lignans, fiber) for ≥2 wk. RESULTS A total of 11 studies (14 trials) were included in the analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for the mean difference in blood pressure. Results indicated that flaxseed supplementation reduced systolic blood pressure (-1.77 mm Hg; 95% CI: -3.45, -0.09 mm Hg; P = 0.04) and diastolic blood pressure (-1.58 mm Hg; 95% CI: -2.64, -0.52 mm Hg; P = 0.003). These results were not influenced by categorization of participants into higher baseline blood pressure (≥130 mm Hg). An improvement in diastolic blood pressure was observed in subgroup analysis for consuming whole flaxseed (-1.93 mm Hg; 95% CI: -3.65, -0.21 mm Hg; P < 0.05) and duration of consumption ≥12 wk (-2.17 mm Hg; 95% CI: -3.44, -0.89 mm Hg; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggests that consumption of flaxseed may lower blood pressure slightly. The beneficial potential of flaxseed to reduce blood pressure (especially diastolic blood pressure) may be greater when it is consumed as a whole seed and for a duration of >12 wk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Irwin
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Matt Schubert
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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21
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Serna M, Wong-Baeza C, Santiago-Hernández JC, Baeza I, Wong C. Hypocholesterolemic and choleretic effects of three dimethoxycinnamic acids in relation to 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid in rats fed with a high-cholesterol/cholate diet. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 67:553-9. [PMID: 25933969 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (2,4,5-TMC) is the major and non-toxic metabolite of α-asarone, which retains hypocholesterolemic and choleretic activities. We compared the activities of 2,4,5-TMC with those of 2,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (2,4-DMC), 3,4-DMC and 3,5-DMC, to understand the role of the methoxyls on carbons 2, 4 and 5 on the pharmacologic properties of these compounds. METHODS The methoxycinnamic acids were administered to high-cholesterol/cholate-fed rats. We measured bile flow, and quantified bile acids, phospholipids and cholesterol in bile, and cholesterol and cholesterol-lipoproteins in serum. The inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by the methoxycinnamic acids was evaluated in vitro. RESULTS The four methoxycinnamic acids decreased serum cholesterol, without affecting the concentration of HDL-cholesterol. 2,4,5-TMC produced the highest decrease in LDL-cholesterol, 73.5%, which exceeds the range of statins (20-40%), and produced the highest inhibition of the activity of HMG-CoA reductase. 3,4-DMC produced the highest increase in bile flow, bile acids and phospholipids concentrations, and reduction in bile cholesterol, which led to a decrease in the biliary cholesterol saturation index. CONCLUSIONS 2,4,5-TMC (which has three methoxyls) had the highest hypocholesterolemic activity, while 3,4-DMC, which lacks the methoxyl in carbon 2 but conserves the two other methoxyls in an adjacent position, had the highest choleretic activity and a probable cholelitholytic activity. In methoxycinnamic acids with two methoxyls in non-adjacent positions (2,4-DMC and 3,5-DMC), the hypocholesterolemic and choleretic activities were not as evident. 2,4,5-TMC and 3,4-DMC, which did not cause liver damage during the treatment period, should be further explored as a hypocholesterolemic and choleretic compounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Serna
- Biochemistry Department, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Wong-Baeza
- Biochemistry Department, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Isabel Baeza
- Biochemistry Department, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Wong
- Biochemistry Department, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
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22
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Haghshenas R, Jafari M, Ravasi A, Kordi M, Gilani N, Shariatzadeh M, Hedayati M, Rahimi M. The effect of eight weeks endurance training and high-fat diet on appetite-regulating hormones in rat plasma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 17:237-43. [PMID: 24904715 PMCID: PMC4046239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Consumption of high-fat foods is one of the major causes of obesity. Physical exercise is a strategy used to counteract obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks endurance training and high-fat diet (HFD) on appetite-regulating hormones in rat plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS TWENTY EIGHT MALE WISTAR RATS WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO FOUR GROUPS: Control group with standard diet (CSD), endurance training with a standard diet (ESD), control group with high-fat diet (CHFD) and endurance training with high-fat diet (EHFD). Twenty-four hr after the last training session, the blood samples were obtained and analyzed for hormones levels. RESULTS The significant increased weight gain and food intake and decreased plasma nesfatin-1 and PYY3-36 levels were observed in CHFD group, while exercise under the HFD antagonized these effects. There were no significant changes in ghrelin, insulin and leptin levels in different groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that exercise can prevent fattening effect of HFD. Probably, performing exercise makes a reduction of food intake and weight gain in rat via the increase in nesfatin-1 and PYY levels. However, further studies are necessary to understand the exact mechanisms involved in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahvash Jafari
- Exercise Physiology Research Canter, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Mahvash Jafari. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-22289942; Fax: 98-21-22830262;
| | - Aliasghar Ravasi
- Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Kordi
- Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Gilani
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rahimi
- Exercise Physiology Research Canter, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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