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Ponnaiah M, Zakiev E, Lhomme M, Rached F, Camont L, Serrano CV, Santos RD, Chapman MJ, Orekhov A, Kontush A. Acute myocardial infarction preferentially alters low-abundant, long-chain unsaturated phospholipid and sphingolipid species in plasma high-density lipoprotein subpopulations. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2024; 55:21-30. [PMID: 38226021 PMCID: PMC10788781 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Aim High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are deficient in their anti-atherogenic function. Molecular determinants of such deficiency remain obscure. Methods Five major HDL subpopulations were isolated using density-gradient ultracentrifugation from STEMI patients (n = 12) and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n = 12), and 160 species of phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, sphingomyelin and ceramide were quantified by LC-MS/MS. Results Multiple minor species of proinflammatory phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine were enriched by 1.7-27.2-fold throughout the majority of HDL subpopulations in STEMI. In contrast, minor phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and ceramide species were typically depleted up to 3-fold in STEMI vs. control HDLs, while abundances of their major species did not differ between the groups. Intermediate-to-long-chain phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol species were more affected by STEMI than their short-chain counterparts, resulting in positive correlations between their fold decrease and the carbon chain length. Additionally, fold decreases in the abundances of multiple lipid species were positively correlated with the double bond number in their carbon chains. Finally, abundances of several phospholipid and ceramide species were positively correlated with cholesterol efflux capacity and antioxidative activity of HDL subpopulations, both reduced in STEMI vs controls. KEGG pathway analysis tied these species to altered glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid metabolism. Conclusions Minor unsaturated intermediate-to-long-chain phospholipid and sphingolipid species in HDL subpopulations are most affected by STEMI, reflecting alterations in glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid metabolism with the accumulation of proinflammatory lysolipids and maintenance of homeostasis of major phospholipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharajah Ponnaiah
- IHU ICAN (ICAN OMICS and ICAN I/O), Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ANR-10-IAHU-05), Paris, France
| | - Emile Zakiev
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marie Lhomme
- IHU ICAN (ICAN OMICS and ICAN I/O), Foundation for Innovation in Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ANR-10-IAHU-05), Paris, France
| | - Fabiana Rached
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent Camont
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Carlos V. Serrano
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul D. Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. John Chapman
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Song X, Wang Y, Wang J, Su S, Zhu J, Geng Y. Metabolomic analysis reveals the influence of IC 50 vitamin D 3 on RAW264.7 cells based on 1 H NMR and UPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5288-5300. [PMID: 35306664 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a lipid-soluble vitamin necessary for normal human physiology, vitamin D is mostly used in fortified foods, medicines and adjuvant treatment of diseases. However, taken in high doses, vitamin D can be toxic. METHODS We treated RAW264.7 cells with a semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of vitamin D3 . The metabolic changes in the treated cells were analyzed by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS After treatment of RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 dose of 55 μm vitamin D3 , tunor necrosis factor-α levels decreased significantly and remarkable metabolic differences were also observed, with 12 types of metabolites were identified by 1 H NMR and 87 identified by UPLC-MS/MS. Moreover, the metabolism of amino acids, sugars, lipids and other metabolic pathways were also affected. CONCLUSION Although vitamin D3 is an indispensable nutrient in the body, excessive exposure has negative effects on cells and their metabolism. The present study will assist further analyses of the mechanism underlying vitamin D3 toxicity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shufang Su
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Shandong Institute of Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Geng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Ma H, Xu X, Wang S, Wang J, Wang S. Effects of microwave irradiation of Fagopyrum tataricum seeds on the physicochemical and functional attributes of sprouts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Joshi A, Hegde M, Zanwar A. Flaxseed oil and palm olein blend to improve omega-6: omega-3 ratio. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:498-509. [PMID: 35185171 PMCID: PMC8814207 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to develop the oil blend with improved omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio (ω-6:ω-3) with good oxidative and thermal stability. Flaxseed oil and palm olein were selected for the blending. Flaxseed oil is rich in anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3 FA) but is oxidatively very unstable. Palm olein has low omega-6 fatty acid content and high thermal and oxidative stability. Blends containing various percent (v/v) of flaxseed oil and palm olein were prepared. Oxidative and thermal stability was determined by analyzing peroxide value, acid value, smoke point, % free fatty acids, para-Anisidine and TOTOX values. Nutritive quality was confirmed by determining fatty acid composition. Nine month storage stability of the blend containing highest flaxseed oil percentage was assessed in terms of peroxide and acid value and fatty acid composition. The biological effects were studied in THP-1 cell line as the effect on cell survival, FA uptake and inflammatory markers. The data indicates that, blending improved ω-6:ω-3 ratio. Oxidative and thermal stability study, and nine month storage stability study suggested that palm olein imparted stability to the blend. Fatty acid profiles of the cells treated with these blends showed uptake of Alpha Linolenic Acid (ω-3 FA). These blends lowered inflammatory TNFα level without affecting cell survival. Thus, blending of flaxseed oil with palm olein may result in better health benefits owing to their improved nutritional and stability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asavari Joshi
- grid.411681.b0000 0004 0503 0903Centre for Innovation in Nutrition Health Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411 043 India
| | - Mahabaleshwar Hegde
- grid.411681.b0000 0004 0503 0903Centre for Innovation in Nutrition Health Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411 043 India
| | - Anand Zanwar
- grid.411681.b0000 0004 0503 0903Centre for Innovation in Nutrition Health Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411 043 India
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Pillai SC, Borah A, Jacob EM, Kumar DS. Nanotechnological approach to delivering nutraceuticals as promising drug candidates for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:550-568. [PMID: 33703990 PMCID: PMC7954496 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1892241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is Caesar's sword, which poses a huge risk to the present generation. Understanding the atherosclerotic disease cycle would allow ensuring improved diagnosis, better care, and treatment. Unfortunately, a highly effective and safe way of treating atherosclerosis in the medical community remains a continuous challenge. Conventional treatments have shown considerable success, but have some adverse effects on the human body. Natural derived medications or nutraceuticals have gained immense popularity in the treatment of atherosclerosis due to their decreased side effects and toxicity-related issues. In hindsight, the contribution of nutraceuticals in imparting enhanced clinical efficacy against atherosclerosis warrants more experimental evidence. On the other hand, nanotechnology and drug delivery systems (DDS) have revolutionized the way therapeutics are performed and researchers have been constantly exploring the positive effects that DDS brings to the field of therapeutic techniques. It could be as exciting as ever to apply nano-mediated delivery of nutraceuticals as an additional strategy to target the atherosclerotic sites boasting high therapeutic efficiency of the nutraceuticals and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu C. Pillai
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ankita Borah
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eden Mariam Jacob
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
| | - D. Sakthi Kumar
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama, Japan
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Dahou S, Smahi MCE, Nouari W, Dahmani Z, Benmansour S, Ysmail-Dahlouk L, Miliani M, Yebdri F, Fakir N, Laoufi MY, Chaib-Draa M, Tourabi A, Aribi M. L-Threoascorbic acid treatment promotes S. aureus-infected primary human endothelial cells survival and function, as well as intracellular bacterial killing, and immunomodulates the release of IL-1β and soluble ICAM-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107476. [PMID: 33676147 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AscH2) has been shown to enhance immunity. Here, we studied its immunomodulatory effect on human endothelial cells (ECs) during S. aureus infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ex vivo effects of AscH2 were performed on primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) infected or not with S. aureus. RESULTS AscH2 treatment induced a marked downregulation of nitric oxide (NO) production and a moderate upregulation of arginase activity in S. aureus-infected HUVECs (respectively, p < 0.05 and p > 0.05). Although the upregulated release levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (sICAM-1/sCD54) and sE-selectin (sCD62E) molecules were not significantly different between treated and untreated S. aureus-infected HUVECs, AscH2 treatment induced reversing effect on sICAM-1 release when comparing to uninfected control HUVECs. Moreover, AscH2 treatment appears to have a significant effect on preventing HUVEC necrosis induced by S. aureus infection (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AscH2 treatment induced a significant upregulation of cell protective redox biomarker in S. aureus-infected, as shown by superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p < 0.05), but not by catalase activity (p > 0.05). Additionally, S. aureus infection markedly downregulated total bound calcium ions (bCa2+) levels as compared to control HUVECs, whereas, AscH2 treatment induced a slight upregulation of bCa2+ levels in infected HUVECs as compared to infected and untreated HUVECs (p > 0.05). On the other hand, AscH2 treatment downregulated increased total cellular cholesterol content (tccCHOL) levels in HUVECs induced by S. aureus infection (p < 0.05). In addition, AscH2 treatment markedly reversed S. aureus effect on upregulation of intracellular glucose (iGLU) levels within infected HUVECs (p < 0.05). Moreover, AscH2 treatment significantly downregulated S. aureus growth (p < 0.05), and significantly upregulated bacterial internalization and intracellular killing by HUVECs (p < 0.05), as well as their cell cycle activation (p < 0.01). Finally, AscH2 treatment has a slight effect on the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6), but induced a marked downregulation of that of IL-1β in S. aureus-infected HUVECs (respectively, p > 0.05, and p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our outcomes demonstrated that, during S. aureus infection, AscH2 treatment promotes human ECs survival and function, as well as prevents inflammatory response exacerbation, while inducing bactericidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dahou
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Chems-Eddine Smahi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria; Neonatal Department of Specialized Maternal and Child Hospital of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Wafa Nouari
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Zoheir Dahmani
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Souheila Benmansour
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria; Neonatal Department of Specialized Maternal and Child Hospital of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Lamia Ysmail-Dahlouk
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Maroua Miliani
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Fadela Yebdri
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Nassima Fakir
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Yassine Laoufi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria; Neonatal Department of Specialized Maternal and Child Hospital of Tlemcen, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mouad Chaib-Draa
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Amina Tourabi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mourad Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria.
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Aspirin enhances regulatory functional activities of monocytes and downregulates CD16 and CD40 expression in myocardial infarction autoinflammatory disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wang D, Yang Y, Lei Y, Tzvetkov NT, Liu X, Yeung AWK, Xu S, Atanasov AG. Targeting Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:596-670. [PMID: 31554644 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.017178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation and further accumulation in the subendothelial space of the vascular wall is a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. Targeting foam cell formation in the atherosclerotic lesions can be a promising approach to treat and prevent atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells is determined by the balanced effects of three major interrelated biologic processes, including lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux. Natural products are a promising source for new lead structures. Multiple natural products and pharmaceutical agents can inhibit foam cell formation and thus exhibit antiatherosclerotic capacity by suppressing lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and/or promoting cholesterol ester hydrolysis and cholesterol efflux. This review summarizes recent findings on these three biologic processes and natural products with demonstrated potential to target such processes. Discussed also are potential future directions for studying the mechanisms of foam cell formation and the development of foam cell-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yingnan Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Xingde Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Suowen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
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Gallagher H, Williams JO, Ferekidis N, Ismail A, Chan YH, Michael DR, Guschina IA, Tyrrell VJ, O'Donnell VB, Harwood JL, Khozin-Goldberg I, Boussiba S, Ramji DP. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid inhibits several key cellular processes associated with atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2538-2550. [PMID: 31202985 PMCID: PMC6620504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications are responsible for one in three global deaths. Nutraceuticals show promise in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis but require an indepth understanding of the mechanisms underlying their actions. A previous study showed that the omega-6 fatty acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), attenuated atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein E deficient mouse model system. However, the mechanisms underlying such protective effects of DGLA are poorly understood and were therefore investigated. We show that DGLA attenuates chemokine-driven monocytic migration together with foam cell formation and the expression of key pro-atherogenic genes induced by three pro-inflammatory cytokines in human macrophages. The effect of DGLA on interferon-γ signaling was mediated via inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 phosphorylation on serine 727. In relation to anti-foam cell action, DGLA inhibits modified LDL uptake by both macropinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis, the latter by reduction in expression of two key scavenger receptors (SR-A and CD36), and stimulates cholesterol efflux from foam cells. DGLA also improves macrophage mitochondrial bioenergetic profile by decreasing proton leak. Gamma-linolenic acid and prostaglandin E1, upstream precursor and key metabolite respectively of DGLA, also acted in an anti-atherogenic manner. The actions of DGLA extended to other key atherosclerosis-associated cell types with attenuation of endothelial cell proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells in response to platelet-derived growth factor. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-atherogenic actions of DGLA and supports further assessments on its protective effects on plaque regression in vivo and in human trials. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) attenuates atherosclerosis in a mouse model system. The mechanisms underlying anti-atherogenic actions of DGLA are poorly understood. DGLA inhibited atherogenic processes in three key cell types in this disease. Mechanisms underlying such protective actions of DGLA were identified. Studies inform on the beneficial anti-atherogenic actions of DGLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Gallagher
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Jessica O Williams
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Nele Ferekidis
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Alaa Ismail
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Daryn R Michael
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Irina A Guschina
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Victoria J Tyrrell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - John L Harwood
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Olszowski T, Gutowska I, Korbecki J, Rębacz-Maron E, Barczak K, Lubkowska A, Chlubek D. Fatty acid levels alterations in THP-1 macrophages cultured with lead (Pb). J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:222-231. [PMID: 30732887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As cardiovascular events are one of the main causes of death in developed countries, each factor potentially increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease deserves special attention. One such factor is the potentially atherogenic effect of lead (Pb) on lipid metabolism, and is significant in view of the still considerable Pb environmental pollution and the non-degradability of Pb compounds. METHODS Analysis of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (caprylic acid (C8:0), decanoic acid (C10:0), lauric acid (C12:0), tridecanoic acid (C13:0), myristic acid (C14:0), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and behenic acid (C22:0)), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (18:1w9), trans-vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans11)), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (linoleic acid (C18:2n6), gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3n6), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6)), was conducted by gas chromatography. Analysis of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) expression was performed using qRT-PCR. Oxidative stress intensity (malondialdehyde - MDA concentration) was measured using spectrophotometric method. Intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages was visualized by fluorescence microscopy and quantitatively measured by plate reader. RESULTS Pb caused quantitative alterations in FAs profile in macrophages; the effect was Pb-concentration dependent and selective (i.e. concerned only selected FAs). In general, the effect of Pb was biphasic, with Pb levels of 1.25 μg/dL and 2.5 μg/dL being stimulatory, and 10 μg/dL being inhibitory on concentrations of selected FAs. The most potent Pb concentration, resulting in increase in levels of 9 FAs, was 2.5 μg/dL, the Pb-level corresponding to the mean blood Pb concentrations of people living in urban areas not contaminated by Pb. Pb was found to exert similar, biphasic effect on the expression of FADS1. However, Pb decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner, the expression of SCD and FADS2. Pb significantly increased MDA and ROS concentration in macrophages. CONCLUSION Environmental Pb exposure might be a risk factor resulting in alterations in FAs levels, oxidative stress and increased MDA concentration in macrophages, which might lead to the formation of foam cells and to inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Olszowski
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 St., 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Rębacz-Maron
- University of Szczecin, Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Anthropology, Institute for Research on Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13 St., 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 St., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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11
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Distinct phospholipid and sphingolipid species are linked to altered HDL function in apolipoprotein A-I deficiency. J Clin Lipidol 2019; 13:468-480.e8. [PMID: 31003938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) deficiency (FAID) involving low levels of both apoA-I and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to define distinctive patterns in the lipidome of HDL subpopulations in FAID in relationship to antiatherogenic activities. METHODS Five HDL subfractions were isolated by ultracentrifugation from plasma of FAID Caucasian patients (n = 5) and age-matched healthy normolipidemic Caucasian controls (n = 8), and the HDL lipidome (160 molecular species of 9 classes of phospholipids and sphingolipids) was quantitatively evaluated. RESULTS Increased concentrations of numerous molecular species of lysophosphatidylcholine (up to 12-fold), ceramides (up to 3-fold), phosphatidylserine (up to 34-fold), phosphatidic acid (up to 71-fold), and phosphatidylglycerol (up to 20-fold) were detected throughout all five HDL subpopulations as compared with their counterparts from controls, whereas concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamine species were decreased (up to 5-fold). Moderately to highly abundant, within their lipid class, species of phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and ceramide featuring multiple unsaturations were primarily affected by apoA-I deficiency; their HDL content, particularly that of phosphatidylcholine (34:2), was strongly correlated with HDL function, impaired in FAID. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, and linoleic acid metabolism was significantly affected by FAID. CONCLUSION These data reveal that altered content of specific phospholipid and sphingolipid species is linked to deficient antiatherogenic properties of HDL in FAID.
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Miliani M, Nouar M, Paris O, Lefranc G, Mennechet F, Aribi M. Thymoquinone Potently Enhances the Activities of Classically Activated Macrophages Pulsed with Necrotic Jurkat Cell Lysates and the Production of Antitumor Th1-/M1-Related Cytokines. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:539-551. [PMID: 30422744 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor activity of classically activated macrophage (Mϕ) may be impaired within the tumors, spleen, and bone marrow. Thus, it is possible to boost its antitumor activity after its pulsing with necrotic tumor cell lysates combined with an adjuvant. We set out to determine the potential adjuvant effects of thymoquinone (TQ; 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, C10H12O2) on both functional activities of classically activated Mϕs, pulsed or not with necrotic Jurkat T cell line lysates (NecrJCL), and the balance of antitumor cytokines (ATCs) versus immunosuppressive cytokines (ISCs) during crosstalk with autologous human CD4+ T cells. We found that TQ treatment resulted in a significant upregulation of phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and IL-17 in NecrJCL-pulsed Mϕ co-culture system, and, conversely, in downregulation of the production of IL-6, IL-17, nitric oxide (NO), and arginase activity in nonpulsed TQ-treated Mϕs co-culture system. In addition, TQ has also shown low upregulation effect on the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β, pathogen killing capacity and H2O2 in NecrJCL-pulsed Mϕs co-cultures. Moreover, TQ significantly downregulated arginase activity, and significantly upregulated inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity-to-arginase activity ratio in NecrJCL-pulsed Mϕ co-cultures. Furthermore, TQ downregulated IL-10-to-IL-17 ratio and total cellular cholesterol content (ttcCHOL), but upregulated the ratios of IL-1β-to-IL-4, IL-1β-to-IL-10, IFN-γ-to-IL-4, IFN-γ-to-IL-10, TNF-α-to-IL-4, TNF-α-to-IL-10, and combined proinflammatory cytokines (PICs)-to-anti-inflammatory cytokines (AICs) in NecrJCL-pulsed Mϕs co-culture system, whereas significant differences were highlighted only for IL-10-to-IL-17, IFN-γ-to-IL-10, and PICs-to-AICs ratios. Our outcomes demonstrated that TQ can act as potent adjuvant for enhancing both the functional activities of NecrJCL-pulsed Mϕ and the production of ATCs during their interplay with CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Miliani
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Mouna Nouar
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Océane Paris
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM)-UMR5535, CNRS et Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gérard Lefranc
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Mennechet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM)-UMR5535, CNRS et Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mourad Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
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13
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Lowering the n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio inhibits the formation of THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cell. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:125. [PMID: 29801502 PMCID: PMC5970467 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The balance between n-6 and n-3 PUFAs is an important determinant in the risk for cardiovascular disease. The study was to investigate the influence of the n-6 and n-3 PUFAs ratio on the formation of THP-1 monocyte-derived foam cells and explore the probable mechanism of anti-atherosclerosis. Methods THP-1 monocyte cells were cultured with PMA and ox-LDL to establish a foam-cell model, while treated with different ratios of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs for 48 h. The cholesterol of foam cells was measured by a cholesterol assay kit. The levels of IL-6 and TNFα in supernatant were detected with ELISA methods. The expressions of CD36, ABCA1, ACAT1, PPARγ and LXRα mRNA were detected with real-time PCR. Results Compared with the foam cell model group, the low and middle ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs groups decreased the intracellular concentration of cholesterol (P < 0.01), but the high n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio did not. Fatty acids decreased the level of IL-6 and TNFα in supernatant in a ratio-dependent manner. Fatty acids treatment also decreased the expressions of CD36、ACTA1、PPARγ、LXRα mRNA in a ratio-dependent manner. Conclusions Lowering the ratios of n-6 to n-3 PUFAs can decrease the secretion of inflammatory cytokines then reduce the expressions of CD36 and ACAT1 mRNA. As well, it can decrease the expressions of CD36 mRNA through the PPARγ pathway. This leads to less cholesterol ingestion into the cells and decreased synthesis of cholesteryl ester, which inhibits the formation of the foam cells, further preventing the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.
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14
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Transcriptomic Analysis of THP-1 Macrophages Exposed to Lipoprotein Hydrolysis Products Generated by Lipoprotein Lipase. Lipids 2017; 52:189-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting large and medium arteries and is considered to be a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the development of pharmacotherapies to treat CVD has contributed to a decline in cardiac mortality in the past few decades, CVD is estimated to be the cause of one-third of deaths globally. Nutraceuticals are natural nutritional compounds that are beneficial for the prevention or treatment of disease and, therefore, are a possible therapeutic avenue for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this Review is to highlight potential nutraceuticals for use as antiatherogenic therapies with evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the current evidence from observational and randomized clinical studies into the role of nutraceuticals in preventing atherosclerosis in humans will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe W E Moss
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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16
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Cytokines: roles in atherosclerosis disease progression and potential therapeutic targets. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1317-30. [PMID: 27357616 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the walls of medium and large arteries. CVD is currently responsible for about one in three global deaths and this is expected to rise in the future due to an increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Current therapies for atherosclerosis mainly modulate lipid homeostasis and while successful at reducing the risk of a CVD-related death, they are associated with considerable residual risk and various side effects. There is, therefore, a need for alternative therapies aimed at regulating inflammation in order to reduce atherogenesis. This review will highlight the key role cytokines play during disease progression as well as potential therapeutic strategies to target them.
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The anti-atherogenic effects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid are dependent on the stage of THP-1 macrophage differentiation. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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18
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Quintero-Flórez A, Sinausia Nieva L, Sánchez-Ortíz A, Beltrán G, Perona JS. The Fatty Acid Composition of Virgin Olive Oil from Different Cultivars Is Determinant for Foam Cell Formation by Macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6731-8. [PMID: 26184645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the beneficial role of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) in the Mediterranean diet is well-known, its effects on health cannot be attributed solely to oleic acid. In addition to minor components, the presence of other fatty acids (FA), which depend largely on the cultivar among other factors, needs to be considered. The present study examined the effect of chylomicron remnant-like particles (CRLP) enriched in fatty acids of EVOO from 'Chetoui', 'Buidiego', 'Galega', 'Blanqueta', and 'Picual' cultivars on the foam cell formation by THP-1 macrophages. THP-1 cells were incubated with EVOO-CRLP for 24 h. Lipid accumulation in cells was measured by determining intracellular total triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration and FA composition. Intracellular TAG concentrations were higher in cells incubated with 'Chetoui' and 'Blanqueta' CRLP (0.33 ± 0.05 and 0.38 ± 0.07 μmol/mg of protein, respectively) than with 'Buidiego' and 'Picual' CRLP (0.20 ± 0.05 and 0.24 ± 0.06 μmol/mg of protein, respectively). In conclusion, linoleic acid-rich EVOO induced higher TAG incorporation into THP-1 macrophages compared to oleic acid-rich EVOO, the 18:1/18:2 ratio being consistently correlated with intracellular TAG accumulation. The results of this study demonstrated that the differences in EVOO-FA composition may have an important role in foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Sinausia Nieva
- §Instituto de la Grasa, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Gabriel Beltrán
- †IFAPA Centro Venta del Llano, Cart. N-323a Km 18, 23620 Mengibar, Spain
| | - Javier S Perona
- §Instituto de la Grasa, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
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Antal O, Péter M, Hackler L, Mán I, Szebeni G, Ayaydin F, Hideghéty K, Vigh L, Kitajka K, Balogh G, Puskás LG. Lipidomic analysis reveals a radiosensitizing role of gamma-linolenic acid in glioma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1271-82. [PMID: 26092623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is effective against glioma cells under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In the present study we determined how GLA alone or in combination with irradiation alters the fatty acid (FA) and lipid profiles, the lipid droplet (LD) content, the lipid biosynthetic gene expression and the apoptosis of glioma cells. In GLA-treated cells direct correlations were found between the levels of various FAs and the expression of the corresponding FA biosynthetic genes. The total levels of saturated and monosaturated FAs decreased in concert with the down-regulation of FASN and SCD1 gene expression. Similarly, decreased FADS1 gene expression was paralleled by lowered arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) contents, while the down-regulation of FADS2 expression was accompanied by a diminished docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) content. Detailed mass spectrometric analyses revealed that individual treatments gave rise to distinct lipidomic fingerprints. Following uptake, GLA was subjected to elongation, resulting in dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6, DGLA), which was used for the synthesis of the LD constituent triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters. Accordingly, an increased number of LDs were observed in response to GLA administration after irradiation. GLA increased the radioresponsiveness of U87 MG cells, as demonstrated by an increase in the number of apoptotic cells determined by FACS analysis. In conclusion, treatment with GLA increased the apoptosis of irradiated glioma cells, and GLA might therefore increase the therapeutic efficacy of irradiation in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Antal
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Mária Péter
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | | | - Imola Mán
- Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3)
| | | | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Vigh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Klára Kitajka
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3)
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Laszló G Puskás
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3).
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20
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Varela LM, López S, Ortega-Gómez A, Bermúdez B, Buers I, Robenek H, Muriana FJG, Abia R. Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins regulate perilipin-2 and perilipin-3 lipid-droplet-associated proteins in macrophages. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:327-36. [PMID: 25595097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in macrophages contributes to atherosclerosis. Within macrophages, lipids are stored in lipid droplets (LDs); perilipin-2 and perilipin-3 are the main LD-associated proteins. Postprandial triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins induce LD accumulation in macrophages. The role of postprandial lipoproteins in perilipin-2 and perilipin-3 regulation was studied. TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) induced the levels of intracellular TGs, LDs and perilipin-2 protein expression in THP-1 macrophages and in Apoe(-/-) mice bone-marrow-derived macrophages with low and high basal levels of TGs. Perilipin-3 was only synthesized in mice macrophages with low basal levels of TGs. The regulation was dependent on the fatty acid composition of the lipoproteins; monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) more strongly attenuated these effects compared with saturated fatty acids. In THP-1 macrophages, immunofluorescence microscopy and freeze-fracture immunogold labeling indicated that the lipoproteins translocated perilipin-3 from the cytoplasm to the LD surface; only the lipoproteins that were rich in PUFAs suppressed this effect. Chemical inhibition showed that lipoproteins induced perilipin-2 protein expression through the peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor (PPAR) PPARα and PPARγ pathways. Overall, our data indicate that postprandial TRLs may be involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation through the regulation of perilipin-2 and perilipin-3 proteins in macrophages. Because the fatty acid composition of the lipoproteins is dependent on the type of fat consumed, the ingestion of olive oil, which is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, and fish oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, can be considered a good nutritional strategy to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis by LD-associated proteins decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes M Varela
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio López
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Almudena Ortega-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bermúdez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Insa Buers
- Leibniz Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, Münster, Germany
| | - Horst Robenek
- Institute for Experimental Musculosceletal Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Francisco J G Muriana
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Abia
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain.
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