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Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Binding Protein-2, Independently of IGF-1, Induces GLUT-4 Translocation and Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3035184. [PMID: 29422987 PMCID: PMC5750484 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3035184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is the predominant IGF binding protein produced during adipogenesis and is known to increase the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) in myotubes. We investigated the IGFBP-2-induced changes in basal and insulin-stimulated GU in adipocytes and the underlying mechanisms. We further determined the role of insulin and IGF-1 receptors in mediating the IGFBP-2 and the impact of IGFBP-2 on the IGF-1-induced GU. Fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with IGFBP-2 in the presence and absence of insulin and IGF-1. Insulin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-2 induced a dose-dependent increase in GU. IGFBP-2 increased the insulin-induced GU after long-term incubation. The IGFBP-2-induced impact on GU was neither affected by insulin or IGF-1 receptor blockage nor by insulin receptor knockdown. IGFBP-2 significantly increased the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, AMPK, TBC1D1, and PKCζ/λ and induced GLUT-4 translocation. Moreover, inhibition of PI3K and AMPK significantly reduced IGFBP-2-stimulated GU. In conclusion, IGFBP-2 stimulates GU in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through activation of PI3K/Akt, AMPK/TBC1D1, and PI3K/PKCζ/λ/GLUT-4 signaling. The stimulatory effect of IGFBP-2 on GU is independent of its binding to IGF-1 and is possibly not mediated through the insulin or IGF-1 receptor. This study highlights the potential role of IGFBP-2 in glucose metabolism.
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Hong P, Lan H, Li Y, Fu Z, Zheng X. Different intracellular signalling properties induced by human and porcine growth hormone. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 229:67-73. [PMID: 26944485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is reportedly species-specific. Primate growth hormone can trigger non-primate growth hormone receptor (GHR), but primates GHR cannot be activated by non-primate GH. However, it is also unclear that why primate GH and non-primate GH have different biological activities. Thus, we analysed primate growth hormone (human growth hormone (hGH)) or non-primate GH (porcine growth hormone (pGH))-induced intracellular signalling in 3T3-F442A cells and rat hepatocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner to explore the different biological activities between them. The results revealed that both hGH and pGH can activate Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), Signal transducers and activators of transcription 1, 3 and 5 (STATs 1, 3 and 5) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). There were no significant differences in JAK2 or ERK1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation after hGH and pGH treatment, but there were different between hGH and pGH in STAT/1/3/5 tyrosine phosphorylation, and JAK2, STAT/1/3/5 tyrosine phosphorylation was time-dependent and dose-dependent, whereas ERK1/2 was not. Both hGH and pGH demonstrated similar kinetics for STATs 1, 3 and 5 phosphorylation, but the pGH-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation was weaker than that mediated by hGH. Our observations indicated that the levels of main signalling proteins phosphorylation triggered by hGH or pGH were not exactly the same, which may explain the different biological activities showed by primate GH and non-primate GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hainan Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhiling Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street 2888, Changchun 130118, China.
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Gao P, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Chen J, Zong C, Yu C, Cui S, Gao W, Qin D, Sun W, Li X, Wang X. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B) modulates adipocyte differentiation via MOF. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2434-43. [PMID: 26388045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role and mechanism of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B) in adipogenesis remain unclear. In this study, our data showed that Males absent on the first (MOF) protein expression was increased during 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation accompanied with STAT5B expression increasing. Over-expression STAT5B enhanced MOF promoter trans-activation in HeLa cells. Mutagenesis assay and ChIP analysis exhibited that STAT5B was able to bind MOF promoter. Knocking-down STAT5B in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes led to decreased expression of MOF, but resulted in increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (Fabp4), which were important factors or enzymes for adipogenesis. We also found that knocking-down MOF in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes resulted in increased expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα and Fabp4, which was in the same trend as STAT5B knocking-down. Over-expression MOF resulted in reduced promoter trans-activation activity of C/EBPα. These results suggest that STAT5B and MOF work as negative regulators in adipogenesis, and STAT5B modulates preadipocytes differentiation partially by regulating MOF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, National Research Center for Assisted reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250021, China.
| | - Yuantao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jicui Chen
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Chen Zong
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Cong Yu
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Shang Cui
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Weina Gao
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Dandan Qin
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
| | - Xia Li
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences for Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Universities of Shandong (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, China.
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Yu C, Cui S, Zong C, Gao W, Xu T, Gao P, Chen J, Qin D, Guan Q, Liu Y, Fu Y, Li X, Wang X. The Orphan Nuclear Receptor NR4A1 Protects Pancreatic β-Cells from Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress-mediated Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20687-20699. [PMID: 26157144 PMCID: PMC4543630 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.654863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of NR4A1 in apoptosis is controversial. Pancreatic β-cells often face endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress under adverse conditions such as high free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and sustained hyperglycemia. Severe ER stress results in β-cell apoptosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of NR4A1 in ER stress-mediated β-cell apoptosis and to characterize the related mechanisms. We confirmed that upon treatment with the ER stress inducers thapsigargin (TG) or palmitic acid (PA), the mRNA and protein levels of NR4A1 rapidly increased in both MIN6 cells and mouse islets. NR4A1 overexpression in MIN6 cells conferred resistance to cell loss induced by TG or PA, as assessed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and TUNEL assays indicated that NR4A1 overexpression also protected against ER stress-induced apoptosis. This conclusion was further confirmed by experiments exploiting siRNA to knockdown NR4A1 expression in MIN6 cells or exploiting NR4A1 knock-out mice. NR4A1 overexpression in MIN6 cells reduced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression and Caspase3 activation induced by TG or PA. NR4A1 overexpression in MIN6 cells or mouse islets resulted in Survivin up-regulation. A critical regulatory element was identified in Survivin promoter (-1872 bp to -1866 bp) with a putative NR4A1 binding site; ChIP assays demonstrated that NR4A1 physically associates with the Survivin promoter. In conclusion, NR4A1 protects pancreatic β-cells against ER stress-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating Survivin expression and down-regulating CHOP expression, which we termed as "positive and negative regulation."
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yu
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Shang Cui
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Chen Zong
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Weina Gao
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Tongfu Xu
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Peng Gao
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Jicui Chen
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Dandan Qin
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012
| | - Qingbo Guan
- The Department of Endocrinology, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China, 250021
| | - Yuantao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China, 266071
| | - Yuchang Fu
- The Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Xia Li
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- The Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China, 250012; Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences for Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Universities of Shandong (Shandong University), Jinan, China 250012.
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Sopko R, Lin YB, Makhijani K, Alexander B, Perrimon N, Brückner K. A systems-level interrogation identifies regulators of Drosophila blood cell number and survival. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005056. [PMID: 25749252 PMCID: PMC4352040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cell number is typically determined by a balance of intracellular signals that positively and negatively regulate cell survival and proliferation. Dissecting these signaling networks facilitates the understanding of normal development and tumorigenesis. Here, we study signaling by the Drosophila PDGF/VEGF Receptor (Pvr) in embryonic blood cells (hemocytes) and in the related cell line Kc as a model for the requirement of PDGF/VEGF receptors in vertebrate cell survival and proliferation. The system allows the investigation of downstream and parallel signaling networks, based on the ability of Pvr to activate Ras/Erk, Akt/TOR, and yet-uncharacterized signaling pathway/s, which redundantly mediate cell survival and contribute to proliferation. Using Kc cells, we performed a genome wide RNAi screen for regulators of cell number in a sensitized, Pvr deficient background. We identified the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Insulin-like receptor (InR) as a major Pvr Enhancer, and the nuclear hormone receptors Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp), corresponding to mammalian Retinoid X Receptor (RXR), as Pvr Suppressors. In vivo analysis in the Drosophila embryo revealed a previously unrecognized role for EcR to promote apoptotic death of embryonic blood cells, which is balanced with pro-survival signaling by Pvr and InR. Phosphoproteomic analysis demonstrates distinct modes of cell number regulation by EcR and RTK signaling. We define common phosphorylation targets of Pvr and InR that include regulators of cell survival, and unique targets responsible for specialized receptor functions. Interestingly, our analysis reveals that the selection of phosphorylation targets by signaling receptors shows qualitative changes depending on the signaling status of the cell, which may have wide-reaching implications for other cell regulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richelle Sopko
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - You Bin Lin
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kalpana Makhijani
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Brandy Alexander
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katja Brückner
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Sopko R, Foos M, Vinayagam A, Zhai B, Binari R, Hu Y, Randklev S, Perkins LA, Gygi SP, Perrimon N. Combining genetic perturbations and proteomics to examine kinase-phosphatase networks in Drosophila embryos. Dev Cell 2014; 31:114-27. [PMID: 25284370 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Connecting phosphorylation events to kinases and phosphatases is key to understanding the molecular organization and signaling dynamics of networks. We have generated a validated set of transgenic RNA-interference reagents for knockdown and characterization of all protein kinases and phosphatases present during early Drosophila melanogaster development. These genetic tools enable collection of sufficient quantities of embryos depleted of single gene products for proteomics. As a demonstration of an application of the collection, we have used multiplexed isobaric labeling for quantitative proteomics to derive global phosphorylation signatures associated with kinase-depleted embryos to systematically link phosphosites with relevant kinases. We demonstrate how this strategy uncovers kinase consensus motifs and prioritizes phosphoproteins for kinase target validation. We validate this approach by providing auxiliary evidence for Wee kinase-directed regulation of the chromatin regulator Stonewall. Further, we show how correlative phosphorylation at the site level can indicate function, as exemplified by Sterile20-like kinase-dependent regulation of Stat92E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richelle Sopko
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marianna Foos
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Bo Zhai
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard Binari
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sakara Randklev
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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