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Zhu X, An W, Li X, Zhou B, Li H. Anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis water extract in LPS-induced THP-1 Macrophages through metabolomics study. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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2
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Nagul Kumar S, Buvanesvaragurunathan K, Govindaraj R, Rajan S, Balakrishna K, Shirota O, Radha A, Perumal P, Ignacimuthu S. Hepatoprotective constituents from Macrocybe gigantea (Massee) Pegler & Lodge. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:35-47. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022045329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zhao M, Fan J, Liu Q, Luo H, Tang Q, Li C, Zhao J, Zhang X. Phytochemical profiles of edible flowers of medicinal plants of Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium devonianum. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6575-6586. [PMID: 34925787 PMCID: PMC8645735 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new edible flowers that are nontoxic, innocuous flowers having human health benefits, surveys of their phytochemicals and utilization are of great scientific and commercial interest. Dendrobium officinale and Dendrobium devonianum are precious Traditional Chinese Medicine. During the massive commercial cultivation, a lot of flowers were produced and certified as edible flowers, and the phytochemical profiles and bioactivities warrant evaluate. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemicals and antioxidative activities in flowers of D. officinale (DOF) and D. devonianum (DDF). In total, 474 metabolites were identified using a widely targeted metabonomics method, 16 amino acids and 6 flavonoids were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 8 fatty acids were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both flowers contained various amino acids, including 7 essential amino acids, diverse flavonoids, especially quercetin, kaempferol and their derivatives, and high levels of methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate. The relative levels of quercetin, kaempferol and their glycosides were higher in DDF than in DOF, whereas the relative levels of several flavonoids C-glycosides were high in DOF. Ethanol extracts of both DOF and DDF showed antioxidative capacities including the scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals. Both edible flowers contained flavonoids, amino acids, and fatty acids and have antioxidative activities, which should be explored for use in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest ChinaYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan ProvinceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- College of Tea ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jiakun Fan
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest ChinaYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan ProvinceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- College of Tea ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Qianting Liu
- College of Tea ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Hui Luo
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest ChinaYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan ProvinceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- College of Tea ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Qingyan Tang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Chongping Li
- College of Tea ScienceYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jurun Zhao
- Longling Institute of DendrobiumBaoshanChina
| | - Xinfeng Zhang
- China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical SilvicultureZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhouChina
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Gunn PJ, Pramfalk C, Millar V, Cornfield T, Hutchinson M, Johnson EM, Nagarajan SR, Troncoso‐Rey P, Mithen RF, Pinnick KE, Traka MH, Green CJ, Hodson L. Modifying nutritional substrates induces macrovesicular lipid droplet accumulation and metabolic alterations in a cellular model of hepatic steatosis. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14482. [PMID: 32643289 PMCID: PMC7343665 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) begins with steatosis, where a mixed macrovesicular pattern of large and small lipid droplets (LDs) develops. Since in vitro models recapitulating this are limited, the aims of this study were to develop mixed macrovesicular steatosis in immortalized hepatocytes and investigate effects on intracellular metabolism by altering nutritional substrates. METHODS Huh7 cells were cultured in 11 mM glucose and 2% human serum (HS) for 7 days before additional sugars and fatty acids (FAs), either with 200 µM FAs (low fat low sugar; LFLS), 5.5 mM fructose + 200 µM FAs (low fat high sugar; LFHS), or 5.5 mM fructose + 800 µM FAs (high fat high sugar; HFHS), were added for 7 days. FA metabolism, lipid droplet characteristics, and transcriptomic signatures were investigated. RESULTS Between the LFLS and LFHS conditions, there were few notable differences. In the HFHS condition, intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) was increased and the LD pattern and distribution was similar to that found in primary steatotic hepatocytes. HFHS-treated cells had lower levels of de novo-derived FAs and secreted larger, TAG-rich lipoprotein particles. RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis showed changes in several pathways including those involved in metabolism and cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS Repeated doses of HFHS treatment resulted in a cellular model of NAFLD with a mixed macrovesicular LD pattern and metabolic dysfunction. Since these nutrients have been implicated in the development of NAFLD in humans, the model provides a good physiological basis for studying NAFLD development or regression in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pippa J. Gunn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Camilla Pramfalk
- Division of Clinical ChemistryDepartment of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital HuddingeStockholmSweden
| | - Val Millar
- Target Discovery InstituteNuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Thomas Cornfield
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Matthew Hutchinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Elspeth M. Johnson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Shilpa R. Nagarajan
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | | | - Katherine E. Pinnick
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Charlotte J. Green
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University Hospital TrustsOxfordUK
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Cheng Y, Liu Y, Tan J, Sun Y, Guan W, Jiang P, Yang B, Kuang H. Integrated serum metabolomics and network pharmacology approach to reveal the potential mechanisms of withanolides from the leaves of Datura metel L. on psoriasis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 186:113277. [PMID: 32302925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease and highly depends on inflammation and angiogenesis as well as other pathways. Our previous study showed that the withanolides from the leaves of Datura metel L. exhibited significant therapeutically effect on psoriasis, but the mechanisms concerning this effect have not been systematically studied. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the possible mechanism of withanolides for treating psoriasis using an integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology strategy. Untargeted metabolomics profiling of serum with UHPLC/Orbitrap MS and a multivariate data method were performed to discover the potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways. Afterward, the compound-target-pathway network of withanolides for psoriasis was constructed by virtue of network pharmacology. Finally, the crucial pathways were selected by integrating the results of metabolomics and network pharmacology, and then validated by ELISA and western blot analysis. The results showed that withanolides could exert excellent effects on psoriasis through regulating two types of pathways, angiogenesis and inflammation, including sphingolipids metabolism and HIF-1α/VEGF pathway, reflected by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, HIF-1α and VEGF), as well as reducing the protein expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF. Our study successfully explained the polypharmcological mechanisms underlying the efficiency of withanolides from the D. metel L. leaves on treating psoriasis. Meanwhile, it was also valuable for performing a systematical investigation of herb medicines, as well as for efficiently predicting the therapeutic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Ministry of Education of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, People's Republic of China.
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Maruyama H, Kobayashi K, Kiyono S, Chiba T, Kato N, Ohtsuka M, Ito K, Yamaguchi T, Shiina S. Free fatty acid-based low-impedance liver image: a characteristic appearance in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Eur Radiol Exp 2020; 4:3. [PMID: 31975290 PMCID: PMC6977798 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-019-0137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To examine in vitro acoustic property of nonalcoholic fatty disease in mouse and human liver to identify nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods The acoustic impedance (× 106 kg/m2/s) was measured in 35 free fatty acids (FFAs, 500 mmol/L) and histologically-diagnosed liver samples of twelve mice (four control, four simple steatosis [SS], and four NASH) and eight humans (two control, three SS, and three NASH), using 80-MHz acoustic microscopy. The sum of percentage (SP) composition of FFAs (SP-FFAs) was also assessed. Results Median impedance of all FFAs was 0.7 (5 FFAs with impedance 0.7); 17 FFAs with impedance < 0.7 were classified as low-impedance group; and, 13 FFAs with impedance > 0.7 were classified as high-impedance group. The median impedance of the mouse liver decreased from control (1.715), to SS (1.68), to NASH (1.635) (control versus NASH, p = 0.039 without significant differences for the other comparisons, p ≥ 0.1). Similarly, the median impedance of human liver showed decreased from control (1.825), to SS (1.788), to NASH (1.76) (control versus SS, p = 0.023; control versus NASH, p = 0.003; SS versus NASH, p = 0.050). The ratio of SP-FFAs between the low-impedance and high-impedance groups showed an increase in both mice and humans, with significant differences in mice (control versus SS, p < 0.001; control versus NASH, p < 0.001; SS versus NASH, p = 0.003), without significant differences in humans (p ≥ 0.671). Conclusion Lower acoustic impedance based on the intrahepatic composition of FFAs may be characteristic of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Kazufumi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kiyono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Ito
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamaguchi
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Shiina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Al-Okbi SY, El-Qousy SM, El-Ghlban S, Moawad HF. Role of Borage Seed Oil and Fish Oil with or without Turmeric and Alpha- Tocopherol in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Fatty Liver in Rats. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1551-1562. [PMID: 30429440 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to Study the prevention of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and fatty liver as risk factors for cardiovascular disease via intervention by borage oil (B) and fish oil (F) with or without turmeric (T) and alpha-tocopherols (TC). Fatty acids were assessed in both oils while curcuminoids were determined in turmeric. Rats were divided into; first group fed on balanced diet and designated as normal control (NC), second fed on dyslipidemic and steatohepatitis (DS) inducer diet which represented the DS control group and groups 3-6 fed on DS inducer diet with daily oral administration of B, B+T+TC, F and F+T+TC; respectively for 5 weeks. Liver fat and plasma lipid profile, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker and liver and heart histopathology were assessed. Results showed gamma linolenic to be 21.01% in B. F contained eicosapentaenoic as 22.768% and docosahexaenoic acid as 13.574%.Total curcuminoids were 4.63 mg/g turmeric. The DS control group showed significant dyslipidemia, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha and liver fat with significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) compared to NC. The different treatments produced significant improvement in all the parameters and histopathology. F was superior to B in ameliorating liver histopathological changes while B was more efficient in elevating TAC. B was more promising in improving lipid profile and liver fat compared to B + T + TC, while the latter was superior in improving MDA and liver histopathology. Fish oil was more efficient than F+TC+T except for TAC and high density lipoprotein cholesterol which were more improved on addition of TC and T. Conclusion: Borage and fish oil with or without antioxidants protect from cardiovascular and fatty liver diseases with variable degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Y Al-Okbi
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre
| | - Salah M El-Qousy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science El Menoufeia University
| | - Samah El-Ghlban
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science El Menoufeia University
| | - Hosam F Moawad
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University
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8
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Jeong A, Fiorito G, Keski-Rahkonen P, Imboden M, Kiss A, Robinot N, Gmuender H, Vlaanderen J, Vermeulen R, Kyrtopoulos S, Herceg Z, Ghantous A, Lovison G, Galassi C, Ranzi A, Krogh V, Grioni S, Agnoli C, Sacerdote C, Mostafavi N, Naccarati A, Scalbert A, Vineis P, Probst-Hensch N. Perturbation of metabolic pathways mediates the association of air pollutants with asthma and cardiovascular diseases. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:334-345. [PMID: 29990954 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence indicates common risk factors, including air pollution exposure, for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, suggesting the involvement of common altered molecular pathways. OBJECTIVES The goal was to find intermediate metabolites or metabolic pathways that could be associated with both air pollutants and health outcomes ("meeting-in-the-middle"), thus shedding light on mechanisms and reinforcing causality. METHODS We applied a statistical approach named 'meet-in-the-middle' to untargeted metabolomics in two independent case-control studies nested in cohorts on adult-onset asthma (AOA) and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVD). We compared the results to identify both common and disease-specific altered metabolic pathways. RESULTS A novel finding was a strong association of AOA with ultrafine particles (UFP; odds ratio 1.80 [1.26, 2.55] per increase by 5000 particles/cm3). Further, we have identified several metabolic pathways that potentially mediate the effect of air pollution on health outcomes. Among those, perturbation of Linoleate metabolism pathway was associated with air pollution exposure, AOA and CCVD. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest common pathway perturbations may occur as a consequence of chronic exposure to air pollution leading to increased risk for both AOA and CCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoung Jeong
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences - University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Agneta Kiss
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Zdenko Herceg
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Akram Ghantous
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Claudia Galassi
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Ranzi
- Environmental Health Reference Center, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Piedmont Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Via Santena 7, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Nahid Mostafavi
- Utrecht University, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Environmental Epidemiology Division, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Paolo Vineis
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Yuan A, Gong L, Luo L, Dang J, Gong X, Zhao M, Li Y, Li Y, Peng C. Revealing anti-inflammation mechanism of water-extract and oil of forsythiae fructus on carrageenan-Induced edema rats by serum metabolomics. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:929-937. [PMID: 28915534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forsythiae Fructus is an important Chinese medicine which shows a significant effect against inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the preventive anti-inflammation mechanism of Forsythiae Fructus by serum metabolomics strategy and compare the difference of the metabolism pathways between Forsythia extract and Forsythia oil in rat. Four groups (control group, model group, Forsythia extract group and Forsythia oil group) were orally administered 10mL/kg 0.5% Tween 80 solution, 10mL/kg 0.5% Tween 80 solution, 5g/kg Forsythia extract and 0.48mL/kg Forsythia oil respectively. 30min after drug administration, rat acute inflammation was induced by subcutaneous injection of carrageenan in the right paw in model group, Forsythia extract group and Forsythia oil group. After being administered Forsythia extract and Forsythia oil, the percentage of rat paw edema was significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with model group. Metabolomics based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to analyze the collected serum sample. Multivariate analysis was established for metabolomics analysis. According to Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) results, four groups were clearly separated. And thirteen alterative biomarkers were identified in the serum, namely PC (19:0/0:0), LysoPC (20:0), LysoPC (20:1), LysoPC (17:0), Sphingosine, Linoleic acid, 3R-hydroxy-butanoic acid (3-HB), 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, Lactic acid, L-Threonine, L-Leucine, Maleic acid, Adipic acid. The change of biomarkers suggested that Forsythia extract affected Linoleic acid metabolism, Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, Sphingolipid metabolism and Glycerophospholipid metabolism. Forsythia oil affected Sphingolipid metabolism and Glycerophospholipid metabolism. It indicated that Forsythia extract and Forsythia oil both showed significant preventive anti-inflammatory effect through acting on different metabolism pathways. Moreover, efficacy mechanism of Forsythiae Fructus could recover metabolites disturb in the body through affecting particular drug targets associated with the inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yuan
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Avenue; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resource, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Gong
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Avenue; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resource, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Luo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Avenue; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resource, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Dang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Avenue; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resource, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Avenue; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resource, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Avenue; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resource, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Avenue; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resource, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Avenue; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resource, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Avenue; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resource, Chengdu, 610075, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Ito K, Yoshida K, Maruyama H, Mamou J, Yamaguchi T. Acoustic Impedance Analysis with High-Frequency Ultrasound for Identification of Fatty Acid Species in the Liver. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:700-711. [PMID: 28040242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic properties of free fatty acids present in the liver were studied as a possible basis for non-invasive ultrasonic diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Acoustic impedance was measured for the following types of tissue samples: Four pathologic types of mouse liver, five kinds of FFAs in solvent and five kinds of FFAs in cultured Huh-7 cells. A transducer with an 80-MHz center frequency was incorporated into a scanning acoustic microscopy system. Acoustic impedance was calculated from the amplitude of the signal reflected from the specimen surface. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in acoustic impedance not only among pathologic types, but also among the FFAs in solvent and in cultured Huh-7 cells. These results suggest that each of the FFAs, especially palmitate, oleate and palmitoleate acid, can be distinguished from each other, regardless of whether they were in solution or absorbed by cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyo Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Inage, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Inage, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maruyama
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuou, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jonathan Mamou
- F. L. Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tadashi Yamaguchi
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Inage, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
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11
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Mota M, Banini BA, Cazanave SC, Sanyal AJ. Molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2016; 65:1049-61. [PMID: 26997538 PMCID: PMC4931958 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of hepatocytes to high concentrations of lipids and carbohydrates and the ensuing hepatocellular injury are termed lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity, respectively. A common denominator is metabolic derangement, especially in regards to intracellular energy homeostasis, which is brought on by glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in tissues. In this review, we highlight the lipids and carbohydrates that provoke hepatocyte injury and the mechanisms involved in lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment. Through upregulation of proteins involved in various pathways including PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), CCAAT/enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-1 (JNK), Bcl-2 interacting mediator (BIM), p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and eventually caspases, hepatocytes in lipotoxic states ultimately undergo apoptosis. The protective role of certain lipids and possible targets for pharmacological therapy are explored. Finally, we discuss the role of high fructose and glucose diets in contributing to organelle impairment and poor glucose transport mechanisms, which perpetuate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia by shunting of excess carbohydrates into lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Bubu A Banini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sophie C Cazanave
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Maruyama H, Kiyono S, Kondo T, Sekimoto T, Yokosuka O. Palmitate-induced Regulation of PPARγ via PGC1α: a Mechanism for Lipid Accumulation in the Liver in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:169-78. [PMID: 26941577 PMCID: PMC4773281 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to examine the effect of free fatty acids on the regulation of PPARγ-PGC1α pathway, and the effect of PPARγ/PGC1α in NAFLD. The mRNA and protein expression of PGC1α and phospho/total PPARγ were examined in Huh7 cells after the palmitate/oleate treatment with/without the transfection with siRNA against PGC1a. The palmitate content, mRNA and protein expression of PGC1α and PPARγ in the liver were examined in the control and NAFLD mice. Palmitate (500 μM), but not oleate, increased protein expression of PGC1α and phospho PPARγ (PGC1α, 1.42-fold, P=0.038; phospho PPARγ, 1.56-fold, P=0.022). The palmitate-induced PPARγ mRNA expression was reduced after the transfection (0.46‑fold), and the protein expressions of PGC1α (0.52-fold, P=0.019) and phospho PPARγ (0.43-fold, P=0.011) were suppressed in siRNA-transfected cells. The palmitate (12325.8 ± 1758.9 μg/g vs. 6245.6 ± 1182.7 μg/g, p=0.002), and mRNA expression of PGC1α (11.0 vs. 5.5, p=0.03) and PPARγ (4.3 vs. 2.2, p=0.0001) in the liver were higher in high-triglyceride liver mice (>15.2 mg/g) than in low-triglyceride liver mice (<15.2 mg/g). The protein expressions of both PGC1α and PPARγ were higher in the NAFLD group than in the controls (PGC1α, 1.41-fold, P=0.035; PPARγ, 1.39-fold, P=0.042), and were higher in the high-triglyceride liver group (PGC1α, 1.52-fold, p=0.03; PPARγ, 1.22-fold, p=0.05) than in the low-triglyceride liver group. In conclusion, palmitate appear to up-regulate PPARγ via PGC1α in Huh7 cells, and both PGC1α and PPARγ are up-regulated in the NAFLD mice liver, suggesting an effect on lipid metabolism leading to intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kiyono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sekimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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