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Song S, Qiu R, Huang Y, Zhou Z, Yan J, Ou Q, Wei D, He J, Liang Y, Du X, Yao W, Lu T. Study on the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of Aucklandiae radix through liver metabolomics and network pharmacology. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae123. [PMID: 39119266 PMCID: PMC11303830 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aucklandiae Radix (CAR) and its roasted processed products (PAR) are extensively used in various Chinese patent medicines due to their diverse pharmacological activities. However, numerous side effects of CAR have been reported and the hepatotoxicity and the corresponding mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated. Our study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of the hepatotoxic impacts of CAR. Methods In this study, metabolomic analysis was performed using liver tissue from the mice administered with different dosages of CAR/PAR extracts to examine the hepatotoxic impacts of CAR and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Network pharmacology was employed to predict the potential molecular targets and associated signaling pathways based on the distinctive compounds between CAR and PAR. A composition-target-GO-Bio process-metabolic pathway network was constructed by integrating the hepatotoxicity-related metabolic pathways. Finally, the target proteins related with the hepatotoxic effect of CAR were identified and validated in vivo. Results The metabolomics analysis revealed that 33 related metabolic pathways were significantly altered in the high-dose CAR group, four of which were associated with the hepatotoxicity and could be alleviated by PAR. The network identified NQO1 as the primary target of the hepatotoxic effect induced by CAR exposure, which was subsequently verified by Western Blotting. Further evidence in vivo demonstrated that Nrf2 and HO-1, closely related to NQO1, were also the main targets through which CAR induced the liver injury, and that oxidative stress should be the primary mechanism for the CAR-induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusions This preliminary study on the hepatic toxic injury of CAR provides a theoretical basis for the rational and safe use of CAR rationally and safely in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rongli Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuxiu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiaochan Ou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingxuan He
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingyue Du
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tulin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Road 138, Nanjing 210023, China
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Montero H, Paszkowski U. A simple and versatile fluorochrome-based procedure for imaging of lipids in arbuscule-containing cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:294-301. [PMID: 35934996 PMCID: PMC9804681 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is characterized by the reciprocal exchange of nutrients. AM fungi are oleaginous microorganisms that obtain essential fatty acids from host plants. A lipid biosynthesis and delivery pathway has been proposed to operate in inner root cortex cells hosting arbuscules, a cell type challenging to access microscopically. Despite the central role lipids play in the association, lipid distribution patterns during arbuscule development are currently unknown. We developed a simple co-staining method employing fluorophore-conjugated Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) and a lipophilic blue fluorochrome, Ac-201, for the simultaneous imaging of arbuscules and lipids distributed within arbuscule-containing cells in high resolution. We observed lipid distribution patterns in wild-type root infection zones in a variety of plant species. In addition, we applied this methodology to mutants of the Lotus japonicus GRAS transcription factor RAM1 and the Oryza sativa half-size ABC transporter STR1, both proposed to be impaired in the symbiotic lipid biosynthesis-delivery pathway. We found that lipids accumulated in cortical cells hosting stunted arbuscules in Ljram1 and Osstr1, and observed lipids in the arbuscule body of Osstr1, suggesting that in the corresponding plant species, RAM1 and STR1 may not be essential for symbiotic lipid biosynthesis and transfer from arbuscule-containing cells, respectively. The versatility of this methodology has the potential to help elucidate key questions on the complex lipid dynamics fostering AM symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Montero
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
- Present address:
Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-InstituteUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgD-97082Germany
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
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Thalidomide Alleviates Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by Silica in Mice by Inhibiting ER Stress and the TLR4-NF-κB Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105656. [PMID: 35628464 PMCID: PMC9144898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is the most prevalent occupational disease in China. It is a form of pulmonary fibrosis caused by the inhalation of silicon particles. As there is no cure for the potentially lethal and progressive condition, the treatment of silicotic fibrosis is an important and difficult problem to address. Thalidomide, a drug with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, has been reported to have lung-protective effects. The purpose of this study was to observe the therapeutic effect of thalidomide on silicotic mice and to determine the protective mechanism. By using silicotic mice models and MH-S cells, we found the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway as well as inflammation-related factors were upregulated in the macrophages of silicotic mice. The same indexes were detected in silica-stimulated MH-S cells, and the results were consistent with those in vivo. That is, silica activated ER stress and the TLR4-NF-κB pathway as well as the inflammatory response in vitro. Treating both silicotic mice and silica-stimulated MH-S cells with thalidomide inhibited ER stress and the TLR4-NF-κB pathway as well as the inflammatory response. The present study demonstrates thalidomide as a potential therapeutic agent against silicosis.
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Plin5, a New Target in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2122856. [PMID: 35509833 PMCID: PMC9060988 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2122856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal lipid accumulation is commonly observed in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC), which can create a lipotoxic microenvironment and damage cardiomyocytes. Lipid toxicity is an important pathogenic factor due to abnormal lipid accumulation in DC. As a lipid droplet (LD) decomposition barrier, Plin5 can protect LDs from lipase decomposition and regulate lipid metabolism, which is involved in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, studies have shown that Plin5 expression is involved in the pathogenesis of DC lipid toxicity, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and insulin resistance (IR) and has become a key target of DC research. Therefore, understanding the relationship between Plin5 and DC progression as well as the mechanism of this process is crucial for developing new therapeutic approaches and exploring new therapeutic targets. This review is aimed at exploring the latest findings and roles of Plin5 in lipid metabolism and DC-related pathogenesis, to explore possible clinical intervention approaches.
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Minokawa Y, Sawada Y, Nakamura M. The Influences of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Development of Skin Cancers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2149. [PMID: 34829495 PMCID: PMC8620049 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary nutrition intake is essential for human beings and influences various physiological and pathological actions in the human body. Among various nutritional factors, dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been shown to have various beneficial effects against inflammatory diseases. In addition to their therapeutic potency against inflammation, omega-3 PUFAs have also been shown to have anti-tumor effects via various mechanisms, such as cell arrest and apoptosis. To date, limited information is available on these effects in cutaneous malignancies. In this review, we focused on the effect of omega-3 PUFAs on skin cancers, especially malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma and discussed the detailed molecular mechanism of the omega-3 PUFA-mediated anti-tumor response. We also explored the molecular mechanisms mediated by epigenetic modifications, cell adhesion molecules, and anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-Ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; (Y.M.); (M.N.)
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Barbarossa A, Iacopetta D, Sinicropi MS, Franchini C, Carocci A. Recent Advances in the Development of Thalidomide-Related Compounds as Anticancer Drugs. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:19-40. [PMID: 34165402 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210623143526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thalidomide is an old well-known drug that was first used as morning sickness relief in pregnant women before being withdrawn from the market due to its severe side effects on normal fetal development, However, over the last few decades, the interest in this old drug has been renewed because of its efficacy in several important disorders for instance, multiple myeloma, breast cancer, and HIV-related diseases due to its antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory properties. Unfortunately, even in these cases, many aftereffects as deep vein thrombosis, peripheral neuropathy, constipation, somnolence, pyrexia, pain, and teratogenicity have been reported, showing the requirement of careful and monitored use. For this reason, research efforts are geared toward the synthesis and optimization of new thalidomide analogues lacking in toxic effects to erase these limits and improve the pharmacological profile. AIMS This review aims to examine the state-of-the-art concerning the current studies on thalidomide and its analogues towards cancer diseases (with few hints regarding the antimicrobial activity), focusing the attention on the possible mechanisms of action involved and the lack of toxicity. CONCLUSION In the light of the collected data, thalidomide analogues and their ongoing optimization could lead, in the future, to the realization of a promising therapeutic alternative for cancer-fighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Barbarossa
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Carlo Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Carocci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Geng N, Luo Y, Cao R, Song X, Li F, Wang F, Gong Y, Xing L, Zhang H, Chen J. Effect of short-chain chlorinated paraffins on metabolic profiling of male SD rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141404. [PMID: 33182165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effect of high-dose of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) has been extensively studied, however the possible health risks induced by SCCPs at low-dose remain largely unknown. In this study, a comprehensive toxicology analysis of SCCPs was conducted with the exposure levels from the environmental dose to the Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) of 100 mg/kg/day. General toxicology analysis revealed inconspicuous toxicity of the environmental dose of SCCPs, high dose SCCP exposure inhibited the growth rate and increased the liver weight of rat. Metabolomics analysis indicated that SCCP-induced toxicity was triggered at environmentally relevant doses. First, inhibition of energy metabolism was observed with the decrease in blood glucose and the dysfunction of TCA cycle, which may have contributed to lower body weight gain in rats exposed to a high dose of SCCPs. Second, the increase of free fatty acids indicated the acceleration of lipid metabolism to compensate for the energy deficiency caused by hypoglycemia. Lipid oxidative metabolism inevitably leads to oxidative stress and stimulates the up-regulation of antioxidant metabolites such as GSH and GSSH. The up-regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and phospholipids composed of arachidonic acid indicates the occurrence of inflammation. Dysfunction of lipid metabolism can be an indicator of SCCP-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yun Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Fang Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feidi Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yufeng Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Liguo Xing
- Safety Evaluation Center of Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Ltd, Shenyang 110021, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
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Camargo CQ, Brunetta HS, Nunes EA. Effects of cotreatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and anticancer agents on oxidative stress parameters: a systematic review of in vitro, animal, and human studies. Nutr Rev 2019; 76:765-777. [PMID: 30010957 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, demonstrate possible beneficial effects as adjuvants in cancer treatment. One mechanism seems to be related to alterations in the redox status of cancer cells. Such alterations are thought to act in synergy with conventional anticancer agents. Objective This review examines published data on the effects of cotreatment with anticancer agents and n-3 PUFAS on oxidative stress parameters to determine whether any patterns of oxidative stress alterations can be identified. Data Sources A systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed) was conducted to identify articles published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese until November 2017. Study Selection The following inclusion criteria were applied: (1) individuals or animals with cancer or malignant cell lines supplemented with some source of n-3 PUFAs; (2) concomitant use of anticancer treatment; and (3) evaluation of oxidative stress-related variables. Data Extraction A standardized outline was used to extract the following data: study type, supplement used, type of cells, tumor or patient characteristics, study design, anticancer treatment used, and oxidative stress-related outcomes. Results After the literature search and screening of 1563 citations, 28 studies were included for data extraction and evaluation: 16 in vitro studies (2 of which also used in vivo studies), 8 animal studies, and 4 human studies (3 clinical trials and 1 case series). In most in vitro and animal studies, intervention groups receiving cotreatment with n-3 PUFAs showed enhanced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity compared with groups receiving anticancer treatment alone. Eleven of the 12 studies that investigated the effect of vitamin E on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the oxidative stress caused by n-3 PUFAs showed that vitamin E abolished the positive effects of cotreatment. Conclusions Alterations in oxidative stress caused by cotreatment with anticancer agents and n-3 PUFAs can exert positive effects on the efficacy of conventional treatment. This seems to occur in most cells and tumors tested thus far, but not all. Identifying tumors that are sensitive to these oxidative effects may provide support for the rational use of n-3 PUFAs as an adjuvant treatment in specific types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Q Camargo
- Physiological Sciences Department, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Henver S Brunetta
- Physiological Sciences Department, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Everson A Nunes
- Physiological Sciences Department, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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9
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Jarc E, Petan T. Lipid Droplets and the Management of Cellular Stress. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:435-452. [PMID: 31543707 PMCID: PMC6747940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are cytosolic fat storage organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. Long regarded merely as inert fat reservoirs, they are now emerging as major regulators of cellular metabolism. They act as hubs that coordinate the pathways of lipid uptake, distribution, storage, and use in the cell. Recent studies have revealed that they are also essential components of the cellular stress response. One of the hallmark characteristics of lipid droplets is their capacity to buffer excess lipids and to finely tune their subsequent release based on specific cellular requirements. This simple feature of lipid droplet biology, buffering and delayed release of lipids, forms the basis for their pleiotropic roles in the cellular stress response. In stressed cells, lipid droplets maintain energy and redox homeostasis and protect against lipotoxicity by sequestering toxic lipids into their neutral lipid core. Their mobility and dynamic interactions with mitochondria enable an efficient delivery of fatty acids for optimal energy production. Lipid droplets are also involved in the maintenance of membrane and organelle homeostasis by regulating membrane composition, preventing lipid peroxidation and removing damaged proteins and lipids. Finally, they also engage in a symbiotic relationship with autophagy and act as reservoirs of bioactive lipids that regulate inflammation and immunity. Thus, lipid droplets are central managers of lipid metabolism that function as safeguards against various types of cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jarc
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Toni Petan, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Tel: +386 1 477 3713, Fax: +386 1 477 3984,
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Szebeni GJ, Balog JA, Demjén A, Alföldi R, Végi VL, Fehér LZ, Mán I, Kotogány E, Gubán B, Batár P, Hackler L, Kanizsai I, Puskás LG. Imidazo[1,2- b]pyrazole-7-carboxamides Induce Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells at Nanomolar Concentrations. Molecules 2018; 23:E2845. [PMID: 30388846 PMCID: PMC6278434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia, the malignancy of the hematopoietic system accounts for 10% of cancer cases with poor overall survival rate in adults; therefore, there is a high unmet medical need for the development of novel therapeutics. Eight imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamides have been tested for cytotoxic activity against five leukemia cell lines: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60), acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1), acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (MOLT-4), biphenotypic B myelomonocytic leukemia (MV-4-11), and erythroleukemia (K-562) cells in vitro. Imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamides hampered the viability of all five leukemia cell lines with different potential. Optimization through structure activity relationship resulted in the following IC50 values for the most effective lead compound DU385: 16.54 nM, 27.24 nM, and 32.25 nM on HL-60, MOLT-4, MV-4-11 cells, respectively. Human primary fibroblasts were much less sensitive in the applied concentration range. Both monolayer or spheroid cultures of murine 4T1 and human MCF7 breast cancer cells were less sensitive to treatment with 1.5⁻10.8 μM IC50 values. Flow cytometry confirmed the absence of necrosis and revealed 60% late apoptotic population for MV-4-11, and 50% early apoptotic population for HL-60. MOLT-4 cells showed only about 30% of total apoptotic population. Toxicogenomic study of DU385 on the most sensitive MV-4-11 cells revealed altered expression of sixteen genes as early (6 h), midterm (12 h), and late response (24 h) genes upon treatment. Changes in ALOX5AP, TXN, and SOD1 expression suggested that DU385 causes oxidative stress, which was confirmed by depletion of cellular glutathione and mitochondrial membrane depolarization induction. Imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamides reported herein induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells at nanomolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor J Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - József A Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - András Demjén
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Róbert Alföldi
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Vanessza L Végi
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | - Imola Mán
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Edit Kotogány
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Barbara Gubán
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Péter Batár
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - László Hackler
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Iván Kanizsai
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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Dropping in on lipid droplets: insights into cellular stress and cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180764. [PMID: 30111611 PMCID: PMC6146295 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) have increasingly become a major topic of research in recent years following its establishment as a highly dynamic organelle. Contrary to the initial view of LDs being passive cytoplasmic structures for lipid storage, studies have provided support on how they act in concert with different organelles to exert functions in various cellular processes. Although lipid dysregulation resulting from aberrant LD homeostasis has been well characterised, how this translates and contributes to cancer progression is poorly understood. This review summarises the different paradigms on how LDs function in the regulation of cellular stress as a contributing factor to cancer progression. Mechanisms employed by a broad range of cancer cell types in differentially utilising LDs for tumourigenesis will also be highlighted. Finally, we discuss the potential of targeting LDs in the context of cancer therapeutics.
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Madácsi R, Gyuris M, Wölfling J, Puskás LG, Kanizsai I. Highly regioselective 4-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidine mediated aromatic nucleophilic substitution on a perfluorinated phthalimide core. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Demjén A, Alföldi R, Angyal A, Gyuris M, Hackler L, Szebeni GJ, Wölfling J, Puskás LG, Kanizsai I. Synthesis, cytotoxic characterization, and SAR study of imidazo[1,2-b
]pyrazole-7-carboxamides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800062. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- András Demjén
- AVIDIN Ltd.; Szeged Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | | | - Anikó Angyal
- AVIDIN Ltd.; Szeged Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | | | | | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- AVIDIN Ltd.; Szeged Hungary
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Szeged Hungary
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14
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Harchouni S, Field B, Menand B. AC-202, a highly effective fluorophore for the visualization of lipid droplets in green algae and diatoms. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:120. [PMID: 29713379 PMCID: PMC5913787 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid-specific live cell dyes are an important tool for the study of algal lipid metabolism, the monitoring of lipid production, and the identification of algal strains with high lipid yields. Nile Red and BODIPY have emerged as the principal dyes for these purposes. However, they suffer from a number of shortcomings including for specificity, penetration, interference from chlorophyll autofluorescence, and incompatibility with widely used genetically encoded reporters in the green and blue regions of the spectrum such as the green fluorescent protein and the red fluorescent protein. RESULTS We tested a new blue fluorescent dye, AC-202, in both the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We show that AC-202 is effective in both algae and that after minimal sample preparation, it can label lipid droplets induced by nitrogen starvation or by inhibitors of the TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase. We found that AC-202 benefits from a low background signal and is therefore more sensitive than BODIPY for semiquantitative in vivo fluorescence measurements. Finally, a co-staining experiment indicated that AC-202 can be used for multicolor imaging in combination with both red and green fluorophores. CONCLUSIONS AC-202 is an alternative and highly effective fluorophore for algal research that resolves drawbacks encountered with other neutral lipid dyes. AC-202 can be used to rapidly and sensitively visualize lipid droplets, and will contribute to the identification of metabolic and signaling pathways involved in lipid droplet formation, monitoring lipid production, and in the development of screens for algal strains suitable for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seddik Harchouni
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265 BVME, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ben Field
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265 BVME, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Benoît Menand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265 BVME, 13009 Marseille, France
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Polavarapu S, Dwarakanath BS, Das UN. Differential action of polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids on bleomycin-induced cytotoxicity to neuroblastoma cells and lymphocytes. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:207-229. [PMID: 29379552 PMCID: PMC5778433 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.72244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to examine whether bleomycin-induced growth inhibitory action on human neuroblastoma cells (IMR-32) is influenced by anti-inflammatory metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): lipoxin A4 (LXA4), resolvin D1 and protectin D1 in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS The in vitro study was conducted using monolayer cultures of exponentially growing IMR-32 cells. The effects of various PUFAs and eicosanoids and anti-inflammatory metabolites of PUFAs such as lipoxin A4 (LXA4), resolvin D1 and protectin D1 on the growth of IMR-32 cells and human lymphocytes in vitro were investigated. The potential of PUFAs, eicosanoids and LXA4, resolvin D1 and protectin D1 to modify the growth inhibitory effects of bleomycin was also studied in IMR-32 cells and human lymphocytes. RESULTS PUFAs inhibited the growth of IMR-32 cells (EPA > DHA = AA > GLA = ALA > DGLA = LA) significantly (p < 0.001) while prostaglandins were found to be not effective. Bleomycin-induced growth inhibitory action on IMR-32 cells was augmented by PUFAs and its metabolites (p < 0.05). PUFAs and LXA4 did not inhibit the growth of human lymphocytes and bleomycin-induced growth inhibitory action was also not enhanced by these bioactive lipids. CONCLUSIONS Bioactive lipids have differential action on normal human lymphocytes and tumor cells in vitro. The apparent lack of effect of PUFAs in combination with bleomycin on the growth of human lymphocytes in comparison to their growth inhibitory action on IMR-32 cells suggests that PUFAs can be used in combination with bleomycin to target tumor cells with little concern over this combination's effect on the growth of human lymphocytes. Further studies are warranted to evaluate these differential effects under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailaja Polavarapu
- BioScience Research Centre, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering Campus, Madhurawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Undurti N. Das
- BioScience Research Centre, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering Campus, Madhurawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, USA
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16
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Szebeni GJ, Balázs Á, Madarász I, Pócz G, Ayaydin F, Kanizsai I, Fajka-Boja R, Alföldi R, Hackler L, Puskás LG. Achiral Mannich-Base Curcumin Analogs Induce Unfolded Protein Response and Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization in PANC-1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102105. [PMID: 28991167 PMCID: PMC5666787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Achiral Mannich-type curcumin analogs have been synthetized and assayed for their cytotoxic activity. The anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity of curcuminoids has been tested on human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (A549), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1). Based on the highest anti-proliferative activity nine drug candidates were further tested and proved to cause phosphatidylserine exposure as an early sign of apoptosis. Curcumin analogs with the highest apoptotic activity were selected for mechanistic studies in the most sensitive PANC-1 cells. Cytotoxic activity was accompanied by cytostatic effect since curcumin and analogs treatment led to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, cytotoxic effect could be also detected via the accumulation of curcuminoids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the up-regulation of ER stress-related unfolded protein response (UPR) genes: HSPA5, ATF4, XBP1, and DDIT3. The activated UPR induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization, caspase-3 activation and subsequent DNA breakdown in PANC-1 cells. Achiral curcumin analogs, C509, C521 and C524 possessed superior, 40-times more potent cytotoxic activity compared to natural dihydroxy-dimetoxycurcumin in PANC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor J Szebeni
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Balázs
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | - Gábor Pócz
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Iván Kanizsai
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Roberta Fajka-Boja
- Artificial Chromosome and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Róbert Alföldi
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Hackler
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László G Puskás
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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17
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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Differentially Modulate Cell Proliferation and Endocannabinoid System in Two Human Cancer Lines. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Koizume S, Miyagi Y. Lipid Droplets: A Key Cellular Organelle Associated with Cancer Cell Survival under Normoxia and Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091430. [PMID: 27589734 PMCID: PMC5037709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect describes the phenomenon by which cancer cells obtain energy from glycolysis even under normoxic (O₂-sufficient) conditions. Tumor tissues are generally exposed to hypoxia owing to inefficient and aberrant vasculature. Cancer cells have multiple molecular mechanisms to adapt to such stress conditions by reprogramming the cellular metabolism. Hypoxia-inducible factors are major transcription factors induced in cancer cells in response to hypoxia that contribute to the metabolic changes. In addition, cancer cells within hypoxic tumor areas have reduced access to serum components such as nutrients and lipids. However, the effect of such serum factor deprivation on cancer cell biology in the context of tumor hypoxia is not fully understood. Cancer cells are lipid-rich under normoxia and hypoxia, leading to the increased generation of a cellular organelle, the lipid droplet (LD). In recent years, the LD-mediated stress response mechanisms of cancer cells have been revealed. This review focuses on the production and functions of LDs in various types of cancer cells in relation to the associated cellular environment factors including tissue oxygenation status and metabolic mechanisms. This information will contribute to the current understanding of how cancer cells adapt to diverse tumor environments to promote their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Koizume
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan.
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19
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Molnár J, Szebeni GJ, Csupor-Löffler B, Hajdú Z, Szekeres T, Saiko P, Ocsovszki I, Puskás LG, Hohmann J, Zupkó I. Investigation of the Antiproliferative Properties of Natural Sesquiterpenes from Artemisia asiatica and Onopordum acanthium on HL-60 Cells in Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:83. [PMID: 26901188 PMCID: PMC4783873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and plant extracts play a crucial role in the research into novel antineoplastic agents. Four sesquiterpene lactones, artecanin (1), 3β-chloro-4α,10α-dihydroxy-1α,2α-epoxy-5α,7αH-guaia-11(13)-en-12,6α-olide (2), iso-seco-tanapartholide 3-O-methyl ether (3) and 4β,15-dihydro-3-dehydrozaluzanin C (4), were isolated from two traditionally used Asteraceae species (Onopordum acanthium and Artemisia asiatica). When tested for antiproliferative action on HL-60 leukemia cells, these compounds exhibited reasonable IC50 values in the range 3.6–13.5 μM. Treatment with the tested compounds resulted in a cell cycle disturbance characterized by increases in the G1 and G2/M populations, while there was a decrease in the S phase. Additionally, 1–3 elicited increases in the hypodiploid (subG1) population. The compounds elicited concentration-dependent chromatin condensation and disruption of the membrane integrity, as revealed by Hoechst 33258–propidium staining. Treatment for 24 h resulted in significant increases in activity of caspases-3 and -9, indicating that the tested sesquiterpenes induced the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. The proapoptotic properties of the sesquiterpene lactones were additionally demonstrated withannexin V staining. Compounds 1 and 2 increased the Bax/Bcl-2 expression and decreased the expressions of CDK1 and cyclin B2, as determined at the mRNA level by means of RT-PCR. These experimental results indicate that sesquiterpene lactones may be regarded as potential starting structures for the development of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Molnár
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | - Zsuzsanna Hajdú
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Thomas Szekeres
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Philipp Saiko
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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20
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Huang YT, Cheng CC, Chiu TH, Lai PC. Therapeutic potential of thalidomide for gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1711-24. [PMID: 26398114 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Controversial effects of thalidomide for solid malignancies have been reported. In the present study, we evaluate the effects of thalidomide for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), the most common type of bladder cancer. Thalidomide precipitates were observed when its DMSO solution was added to the culture medium. No precipitation was found when thalidomide was dissolved in 45% γ-cyclodextrin, and this concentration of γ-cyclodextrin elicited slight cytotoxicity on TCC BFTC905 and primary human urothelial cells. Thalidomide-γ-cyclodextrin complex exerted a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in TCC cells, but was relatively less cytotoxic (with IC50 of 200 µM) in BFTC905 cells than the other 3 TCC cell lines, possibly due to upregulation of Bcl-xL and HIF-1α mediated carbonic anhydrase IX, and promotion of quiescence. Gemcitabine-resistant BFTC905 cells were chosen for additional experiments. Thalidomide induced apoptosis through downregulation of survivin and securin. The secretion of VEGF and TNF-α was ameliorated by thalidomide, but they did not affect cell proliferation. Immune-modulating lenalidomide and pomalidomide did not elicit cytotoxicity. In addition, cereblon did not play a role in the thalidomide effect. Oxidative DNA damage was triggered by thalidomide, and anti-oxidants reversed the effect. Thalidomide also inhibited TNF-α induced invasion through inhibition of NF-κB, and downregulation of effectors, ICAM-1 and MMP-9. Thalidomide inhibited the growth of BFTC905 xenograft tumors in SCID mice via induction of DNA damage and suppression of angiogenesis. Higher average body weight, indicating less chachexia, was observed in thalidomide treated group. Sedative effect was observed within one-week of treatment. These pre-clinical results suggest therapeutic potential of thalidomide for gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ta Huang
- Department of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chuan Chu Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ted H Chiu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei Chun Lai
- Department of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C
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21
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Antal O, Péter M, Hackler L, Mán I, Szebeni G, Ayaydin F, Hideghéty K, Vigh L, Kitajka K, Balogh G, Puskás LG. Lipidomic analysis reveals a radiosensitizing role of gamma-linolenic acid in glioma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1271-82. [PMID: 26092623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is effective against glioma cells under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In the present study we determined how GLA alone or in combination with irradiation alters the fatty acid (FA) and lipid profiles, the lipid droplet (LD) content, the lipid biosynthetic gene expression and the apoptosis of glioma cells. In GLA-treated cells direct correlations were found between the levels of various FAs and the expression of the corresponding FA biosynthetic genes. The total levels of saturated and monosaturated FAs decreased in concert with the down-regulation of FASN and SCD1 gene expression. Similarly, decreased FADS1 gene expression was paralleled by lowered arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) contents, while the down-regulation of FADS2 expression was accompanied by a diminished docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) content. Detailed mass spectrometric analyses revealed that individual treatments gave rise to distinct lipidomic fingerprints. Following uptake, GLA was subjected to elongation, resulting in dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6, DGLA), which was used for the synthesis of the LD constituent triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters. Accordingly, an increased number of LDs were observed in response to GLA administration after irradiation. GLA increased the radioresponsiveness of U87 MG cells, as demonstrated by an increase in the number of apoptotic cells determined by FACS analysis. In conclusion, treatment with GLA increased the apoptosis of irradiated glioma cells, and GLA might therefore increase the therapeutic efficacy of irradiation in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Antal
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Mária Péter
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | | | - Imola Mán
- Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3)
| | | | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Vigh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Klára Kitajka
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3)
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Membrane and Stress Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Laszló G Puskás
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Avidin Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary(3).
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22
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Kuntam S, Puskás LG, Ayaydin F. Characterization of a new class of blue-fluorescent lipid droplet markers for live-cell imaging in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:655-65. [PMID: 25604989 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the use and advantages of novel, live cell permeable, lipid droplet localizing, non toxic, blue fluorochromes for use in live plant cells. Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous components of both animal and plant cells. They consist of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, glycolipids and/or sterols with embedded amphipathic proteins. Although initially considered to be simple energy depots, they have recently emerged as organelles that serve important regulatory functions. Here we report three new fluorochromes as markers for LDs in plants. These bright blue fluorochromes with their unique spectral properties can easily be combined with other green and red fluorescent reporters for multicolor fluorescence imaging. The fluorochromes are non-toxic and photo-stable. All in all, they represent a reliable tool to use, for the investigation of dynamic LD biology within living plant cells using fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya Kuntam
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
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23
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Mohammadyani D, Tyurin VA, O'Brien M, Sadovsky Y, Gabrilovich DI, Klein-Seetharaman J, Kagan VE. Molecular speciation and dynamics of oxidized triacylglycerols in lipid droplets: Mass spectrometry and coarse-grained simulations. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:53-60. [PMID: 25110833 PMCID: PMC4276254 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous and physiologically active organelles regulating storage and mobilization of lipids in response to metabolic demands. Among the constituent LD neutral lipids, such as triacylglycerols, cholesterol esters, and free fatty acids, oxidizable polyunsaturated molecular species may be quite abundant, yet the structural and functional roles of their oxidation products have not been studied. Our previous work documented the presence of these peroxidized species in LDs. Assuming that hydrophilic oxygen-containing functionalities may markedly change the hydrophobic/hydrophilic molecular balance, here we utilized computational modeling to test the hypothesis that lipid peroxidation causes redistribution of lipids between the highly hydrophobic core and the polar surface (phospho)lipid monolayer-the area enriched with integrated enzymatic machinery. Using quantitative liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, we characterized molecular speciation of oxTAGs in LDs of dendritic cells in cancer and hypoxic trophoblasts cells as two cellular models associated with dyslipidemia. Among the many types of oxidized lipids identified, we found that oxidatively truncated forms and hydroxyl derivatives of TAGs were the prevailing oxidized lipid species in LDs in both cell types. Using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations we established that lipid oxidation changed their partitioning whereby oxidized lipids migrated into the outer monolayer of the LD, where they can affect essential metabolic pathways and undergo conversions, possibly leading to the formation of oxygenated lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Mohammadyani
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Matthew O'Brien
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | | | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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24
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Antal O, Hackler L, Shen J, Mán I, Hideghéty K, Kitajka K, Puskás LG. Combination of unsaturated fatty acids and ionizing radiation on human glioma cells: cellular, biochemical and gene expression analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:142. [PMID: 25182732 PMCID: PMC4176829 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based on previous observations a potential resort in the therapy of the particularly radioresistant glioma would be its treatment with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) combined with irradiation. Methods We evaluated the effect of different UFAs (arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and oleic acid (OA)) on human U87 MG glioma cell line by classical biochemical end-point assays, impedance-based, real-time cellular and holographic microscopic analysis. We further analyzed AA, DHA, and GLA at morphological, gene and miRNA expression level. Results Corresponding to LDH-, MTS assays and real-time cytoxicity profiles AA, DHA, and GLA enhanced the radio sensitivity of glioma cells. The collective application of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and irradiation significantly changed the expression of EGR1, TNF-α, NOTCH1, c-MYC, TP53, HMOX1, AKR1C1, NQO1, while up-regulation of GADD45A, EGR1, GRP78, DDIT3, c-MYC, FOSL1 were recorded both in response to PUFA treatment or irradiation alone. Among the analyzed miRNAs miR-146 and miR-181a were induced by DHA treatment. Overexpression of miR-146 was also detected by combined treatment of GLA and irradiation. Conclusions Because PUFAs increased the radio responsiveness of glioma cells as assessed by biochemical and cellular assays, they might increase the therapeutic efficacy of radiation in treatment of gliomas. We demonstrated that treatment with DHA, AA and GLA as adjunct to irradiation up-regulated the expression of oxidative-stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress related genes, and affected NOTCH1 expression, which could explain their additive effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-511X-13-142) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
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Zhang H, Lv M, Zhao Z, Jia J, Zhang L, Xiao P, Wang L, Li C, Ji J, Tian X, Li X, Fan Y, Lai L, Liu Y, Li B, Zhang C, Liu M, Guo J, Han D, Ji C. Glucose-regulated protein 78 may play a crucial role in promoting the pulmonary microvascular remodeling in a rat model of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Gene 2014; 545:156-62. [PMID: 24768185 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to investigate the role of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in the pulmonary microvascular remodeling during hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) development. METHODS The rat models with liver cirrhosis and HPS were induced by multiple pathogenic factors for 4 to 8 wk. The concentrations of alanine transferase (ALT) and endotoxin in plasma were detected in the models, followed by the detection of GRP78 expression. RT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were employed to assess the mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to examine the expression of a specific vascular marker, factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg), and several cell proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins, including CHOP/GADD153, caspase-12, Bcl-2 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. RESULTS The levels of endotoxin and ALT in plasma were gradually increased as the disease progressed, so did GRP78, which were in a positive correlation. The expression levels of VEGF (both mRNA and protein) and FVIII-RAg were significantly elevated in the HPS models, indicating active angiogenesis, which was also positively correlated with GRP78 expression. Furthermore, the expression levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins of CHOP/GADD153 and caspase-12 were dramatically decreased, while the anti-apoptotic proteins of Bcl-2 and NF-κB were significantly elevated, in the HPS models. There were also close correlation between these proteins and GRP78. CONCLUSIONS Over-expression of GRP78 in lungs may be the critical pathogenic factor for HPS. Through promoting cell proliferation and survival and inhibiting apoptosis, GRP78 may promote the pulmonary microvascular remodeling in HPS pathogenesis. Our results provide a potential therapeutic target for clinical prevention and treatment for HPS and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- Pathophysiology Department of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China.
| | - Minli Lv
- ICU of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Zhongfu Zhao
- Institute of Hepatology of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Jiantao Jia
- Pathophysiology Department of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Pathophysiology Department of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Pathology Department of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Limin Wang
- Functional Laboratory of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Physiology Department of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Jingquan Ji
- Pathophysiology Department of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Tian
- Pathophysiology Department of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Xujiong Li
- Physiology Department of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Functional Laboratory of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Lina Lai
- Pharmacology Department of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Physiology Department of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Baohong Li
- Pathophysiology Department of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- Functional Laboratory of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Mingshe Liu
- Institute of Hepatology of Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046000, PR China
| | - Jianhong Guo
- Institute of Hepatology of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Dewu Han
- Institute of Hepatology of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Cheng Ji
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Anticancer and multidrug resistance-reversal effects of solanidine analogs synthetized from pregnadienolone acetate. Molecules 2014; 19:2061-76. [PMID: 24549231 PMCID: PMC6271930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of solanidine analogs with antiproliferative properties were recently synthetized from pregnadienolone acetate, which occurs in Nature. The aim of the present study was an in vitro characterization of their antiproliferative action and an investigation of their multidrug resistance-reversal activity on cancer cells. Six of the compounds elicited the accumulation of a hypodiploid population of HeLa cells, indicating their apoptosis-inducing character, and another one caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The most effective agents inhibited the activity of topoisomerase I, as evidenced by plasmid supercoil relaxation assays. One of the most potent analogs down-regulated the expression of cell-cycle related genes at the mRNA level, including tumor necrosis factor alpha and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, and induced growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45 alpha. Some of the investigated compounds inhibited the ABCB1 transporter and caused rhodamine-123 accumulation in murine lymphoma cells transfected by human MDR1 gene, expressing the efflux pump (L5178). One of the most active agents in this aspect potentiated the antiproliferative action of doxorubicin without substantial intrinsic cytostatic capacity. The current results indicate that the modified solanidine skeleton is a suitable substrate for the rational design and synthesis of further innovative drug candidates with anticancer activities.
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Bensaad K, Harris AL. Hypoxia and metabolism in cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 772:1-39. [PMID: 24272352 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5915-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interest in targeting metabolism has been renewed in recent years as research increases understanding of the altered metabolic profile of tumor cells compared with that of normal cells. Metabolic reprogramming allows cancer cells to survive and proliferate in the hostile tumor microenvironment. These metabolic changes support energy generation, anabolic processes, and the maintenance of redox potential, mechanisms that are all essential for the proliferation and survival of tumor cells. The metabolic switch in a number of key metabolic pathways is mainly regulated by genetic events, rendering cancer cells addicted to certain nutrients, such as glutamine. In addition, hypoxia is induced when highly proliferative tumor cells distance themselves from an oxygen supply. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α is largely responsible for alterations in metabolism that support the survival of hypoxic tumor cells. Metabolic alterations and dependencies of cancer cells may be exploited to improve anticancer therapy. This chapter reviews the main aspects of altered metabolism in cancer cells, emphasizing recent advances in glucose, glutamine, and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bensaad
- CRUK Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK,
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28
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Nagy LI, Molnár E, Kanizsai I, Madácsi R, Ózsvári B, Fehér LZ, Fábián G, Marton A, Vizler C, Ayaydin F, Kitajka K, Hackler L, Mátés L, Deák F, Kiss I, Puskás LG. Lipid droplet binding thalidomide analogs activate endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppress hepatocellular carcinoma in a chemically induced transgenic mouse model. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:175. [PMID: 24268070 PMCID: PMC4222488 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent and aggressive primary tumor of the liver and it has limited treatment options. Results In this study, we report the in vitro and in vivo effects of two novel amino-trifluoro-phtalimide analogs, Ac-915 and Ac-2010. Both compounds bind lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and interact with several proteins with chaperone functions (HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and protein disulfide isomerase) as determined by affinity chromatography and resonant waveguide optical biosensor technology. Both compounds inhibited protein disulfide isomerase activity and induced cell death of different HCC cells at sub or low micromolar ranges detected by classical biochemical end-point assay as well as with real-time label-free measurements. Besides cell proliferation inhibiton, analogs also inhibited cell migration even at 250 nM. Relative biodistribution of the analogs was analysed in native tissue sections of different organs after administration of drugs, and by using fluorescent confocal microscopy based on the inherent blue fluorescence of the compounds. The analogs mainly accumulated in the liver. The effects of Ac-915 and Ac-2010 were also demonstrated on the advanced stages of hepatocarcinogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced HCC. Significantly less tumor development was found in the livers of the Ac-915- or Ac-2010-treated groups compared with control mice, characterized by less liver tumor incidence, fewer tumors and smaller tumor size. Conclusion These results imply that these amino-trifluoro-phthalimide analogs could serve potent clinical candidates against HCC alone or in combination with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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29
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Combination of small molecule microarray and confocal microscopy techniques for live cell staining fluorescent dye discovery. Molecules 2013; 18:9999-10013. [PMID: 23966084 PMCID: PMC6270374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering new fluorochromes is significantly advanced by high-throughput screening (HTS) methods. In the present study a combination of small molecule microarray (SMM) prescreening and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was developed in order to discover novel cell staining fluorescent dyes. Compounds with high native fluorescence were selected from a 14,585-member library and further tested on living cells under the microscope. Eleven compartment-specific, cell-permeable (or plasma membrane-targeted) fluorochromes were identified. Their cytotoxicity was tested and found that between 1–10 micromolar range, they were non-toxic even during long-term incubations.
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Huang Q, Tan Y, Yin P, Ye G, Gao P, Lu X, Wang H, Xu G. Metabolic characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma using nontargeted tissue metabolomics. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4992-5002. [PMID: 23824744 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma has a poor prognosis due to its rapid development and early metastasis. In this report, we characterized the metabolic features of hepatocellular carcinoma using a nontargeted metabolic profiling strategy based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty pairs of liver cancer samples and matched normal tissues were collected from patients having hepatocellular carcinoma, including tumor tissues, adjacent noncancerous tissues, and distal noncancerous tissues, and 105 metabolites were filtered and identified from the tissue metabolome. The principal metabolic alternations in HCC tumors included elevated glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and β-oxidation with reduced tricarboxylic acid cycle and Δ-12 desaturase. Furthermore, increased levels of glutathione and other antioxidative molecules, together with decreased levels of inflammatory-related polyunsaturated fatty acids and phospholipase A2, were observed. Differential metabolite levels in tissues were tested in 298 serum specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Betaine and propionylcarnitine were confirmed to confer good diagnostic potential to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma from chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. External validation of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma serum specimens further showed that this combination biomarker is useful for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with a supplementary role to α-fetoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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31
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Ivashov VA, Zellnig G, Grillitsch K, Daum G. Identification of triacylglycerol and steryl ester synthases of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1831:1158-66. [PMID: 23524242 PMCID: PMC3787736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In yeast like in many other eukaryotes, fatty acids are stored in the biologically inert form of triacylglycerols (TG) and steryl esters (SE) as energy reserve and/or as membrane building blocks. In the present study, we identified gene products catalyzing formation of TG and SE in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Based on sequence homologies to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the two diacylglycerol acyltransferases Dga1p and Lro1p and one acyl CoA:sterol acyltransferase Are2p from P. pastoris were identified. Mutants bearing single and multiple deletions of the respective genes were analyzed for their growth phenotype, lipid composition and the ability to form lipid droplets. Our results indicate that the above mentioned gene products are most likely responsible for the entire TG and SE synthesis in P. pastoris. Lro1p which has low fatty acid substrate specificity in vivo is the major TG synthase in this yeast, whereas Dga1p contributes less to TG synthesis although with some preference to utilize polyunsaturated fatty acids as substrates. In contrast to S. cerevisiae, Are2p is the only SE synthase in P. pastoris. Also this enzyme exhibits some preference for certain fatty acids as judged from the fatty acid profile of SE compared to bulk lipids. Most interestingly, TG formation in P. pastoris is indispensable for lipid droplet biogenesis. The small amount of SE synthesized by Are2p in a dga1∆lro1∆ double deletion mutant is insufficient to initiate the formation of the storage organelle. In summary, our data provide a first insight into the molecular machinery of non-polar lipid synthesis and storage in P. pastoris and demonstrate specific features of this machinery in comparison to other eukaryotic cells, especially S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl A. Ivashov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | - Guenther Zellnig
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl Franzens University Graz, Austria
| | | | - Guenther Daum
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria
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32
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Yang HY, Liu HL, Tian LT, Song RP, Song X, Yin DL, Liang YJ, Qu LD, Jiang HC, Liu JR, Liu LX. Expression and prognostic value of ING3 in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:352-61. [PMID: 22550337 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor ING3 has been shown to be involved in tumor transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and the cell cycle. Some studies have demonstrated that ING3 is dysregulated in several types of cancers. However, the expression and function of ING3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate ING3 expression in hepatic tumors and its clinical relevance in hepatic cancer. The expression of ING3 protein was examined in 120 dissected HCC tissues and 47 liver tissues adjacent to the tumor by immunohistochemical assays and confirmed by Western blot analysis in 20 paired frozen tumor and non-tumor liver tissues. The relationship between ING3 staining and clinico-pathological characteristics of HCC was further analyzed. The mRNA expression of ING3 in the dissected tissues was also analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and realtime PCR. Both mRNA and protein concentrations of ING3 were found to be downregulated in the majority of HCC tumors in comparison with matched non-tumor hepatic tissues. Analysis of the relationship between ING3 staining and clinico-pathological characteristics of HCC showed that the low expression of ING3 protein is correlated with more aggressive behavior of the tumor. Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated that patients with a low expression of ING3 have a significantly increased risk of shortened survival time. In addition, multivariate analysis suggested that the level of ING3 expression may be an independent prognostic factor. Our findings indicate that ING3 may be an important marker for human hepatocellular carcinoma progression and prognosis, as well as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education
| | - Hao-Ling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District
| | - Lan-Tian Tian
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education
| | - Rui-Peng Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education
| | - Xuan Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education
| | - Da-Long Yin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education
| | - Ying-Jian Liang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education
| | - Lian-Dong Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Experimental Animal Center, 427 Ma Duan Street, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Hong-Chi Jiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education
| | - Jia-Ren Liu
- Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lian-Xin Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education
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Is fat so bad? Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by lipid droplet formation. Biol Cell 2011; 103:271-85. [PMID: 21729000 DOI: 10.1042/bc20100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
LDs (lipid droplets) have long been considered as inert particles used by the cells to store fatty acids and sterols as esterified non-toxic lipid species (i.e. triacylglycerols and steryl esters). However, accumulating evidence suggests that LDs behave as a dynamic compartment, which is involved in the regulation of several aspects of the homoeostasis of their originating organelle, namely the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). The ER is particularly sensitive to physiological/pathological stimuli, which can ultimately induce ER stress. In the present review, after considering the basic mechanisms of LD formation and the signal cascades leading to ER stress, we focus on the connections between these two pathways. Taking into consideration recent data from the literature, we will try to draw possible mechanisms for the role of LDs in the regulation of ER homoeostasis and in ER-stress-related diseases.
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Faragó N, Fehér LZ, Kitajka K, Das UN, Puskás LG. MicroRNA profile of polyunsaturated fatty acid treated glioma cells reveal apoptosis-specific expression changes. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:173. [PMID: 21961478 PMCID: PMC3203338 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as γ-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have cytotoxic action on glioma cells. RESULTS We evaluated the cytotoxic action of GLA, AA and DHA on glioma cells with specific reference to the expression of miRNAs. Relative expression of miRNAs were assessed by using high throughput nanocapillary real-time PCR. Most of the miRNA target genes that showed altered expression could be classified as apoptotic genes and were up-regulated by PUFA or temozolomide treatment, while similar treatments resulted in repression of the corresponding mRNAs, such as cox2, irs1, irs2, ccnd1, itgb3, bcl2, sirt1, tp53inp1 and k-ras. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight involvement of miRNAs in the induction of apoptosis in glioma cells by fatty acids and temozolomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Faragó
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
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35
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Fabian G, Farago N, Feher LZ, Nagy LI, Kulin S, Kitajka K, Bito T, Tubak V, Katona RL, Tiszlavicz L, Puskas LG. High-density real-time PCR-based in vivo toxicogenomic screen to predict organ-specific toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:6116-34. [PMID: 22016648 PMCID: PMC3189772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12096116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicogenomics, based on the temporal effects of drugs on gene expression, is able to predict toxic effects earlier than traditional technologies by analyzing changes in genomic biomarkers that could precede subsequent protein translation and initiation of histological organ damage. In the present study our objective was to extend in vivo toxicogenomic screening from analyzing one or a few tissues to multiple organs, including heart, kidney, brain, liver and spleen. Nanocapillary quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) was used in the study, due to its higher throughput, sensitivity and reproducibility, and larger dynamic range compared to DNA microarray technologies. Based on previous data, 56 gene markers were selected coding for proteins with different functions, such as proteins for acute phase response, inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic processes, heat-shock response, cell cycle/apoptosis regulation and enzymes which are involved in detoxification. Some of the marker genes are specific to certain organs, and some of them are general indicators of toxicity in multiple organs. Utility of the nanocapillary QRT-PCR platform was demonstrated by screening different references, as well as discovery of drug-like compounds for their gene expression profiles in different organs of treated mice in an acute experiment. For each compound, 896 QRT-PCR were done: four organs were used from each of the treated four animals to monitor the relative expression of 56 genes. Based on expression data of the discovery gene set of toxicology biomarkers the cardio- and nephrotoxicity of doxorubicin and sulfasalazin, the hepato- and nephrotoxicity of rotenone, dihydrocoumarin and aniline, and the liver toxicity of 2,4-diaminotoluene could be confirmed. The acute heart and kidney toxicity of the active metabolite SN-38 from its less toxic prodrug, irinotecan could be differentiated, and two novel gene markers for hormone replacement therapy were identified, namely fabp4 and pparg, which were down-regulated by estradiol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora Farago
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; E-Mails: (N.F.); (K.K.)
| | - Liliana Z. Feher
- Avidin Ltd., Közép fasor 52, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; E-Mails: (L.Z.F.); (L.I.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Lajos I. Nagy
- Avidin Ltd., Közép fasor 52, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; E-Mails: (L.Z.F.); (L.I.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Sandor Kulin
- Avidin Ltd., Közép fasor 52, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; E-Mails: (L.Z.F.); (L.I.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Klara Kitajka
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; E-Mails: (N.F.); (K.K.)
| | - Tamas Bito
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 1., Szeged H-6725, Hungary; E-Mail:
| | - Vilmos Tubak
- Curamach Ltd., Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; E-Mails: (V.T.); (R.L.K.)
| | - Robert L. Katona
- Curamach Ltd., Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; E-Mails: (V.T.); (R.L.K.)
- Laboratory of Chromosome Structure and Function, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6725, Hungary; E-Mail:
| | - Laszlo G. Puskas
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; E-Mails: (N.F.); (K.K.)
- Avidin Ltd., Közép fasor 52, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; E-Mails: (L.Z.F.); (L.I.N.); (S.K.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +36-62-546-973; Fax: +36-62-546-972
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