1
|
Ward J, Dunne E, Schoen I, Boyd AR, Kenny D, Meenan BJ. Nanotopography of Polystyrene/Poly(methyl methacrylate) for the Promotion of Patient Specific Von Willebrand Factor Entrapment and Platelet Adhesion in a Whole Blood Microfluidic Assay. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061580. [PMID: 36987359 PMCID: PMC10054393 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet function testing is essential for the diagnosis of patients with bleeding disorders. Specifically, there is a need for a whole blood assay that is capable of analysing platelet behaviour in contact with a patient-specific autologous von Willebrand factor (vWF), under physiologically relevant conditions. The creation of surface topography capable of entrapping and uncoiling vWF for the support of subsequent platelet adhesion within the same blood sample offers a potential basis for such an assay. In this study, spin coating of polystyrene/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) demixed solutions onto glass substrates in air has been used to attain surfaces with well-defined topographical features. The effect of augmenting the PS/PMMA solution with uniform 50 µm PS microspheres that can moderate the demixing process on the resultant surface features has also been investigated. The topographical features created here by spin coating under ambient air pressure conditions, rather than in nitrogen, which previous work reports, produces substrate surfaces with the ability to entrap vWF from flowing blood and facilitate platelet adhesion. The direct optical visualisation of fluorescently-labelled platelets indicates that topography resulting from inclusion of PS microspheres in the PS/PMMA spin coating solution increases the total number of platelets that adhere to the substrate surface over the period of the microfluidic assay. However, a detailed analysis of the adhesion rate, mean translocating velocity, mean translocation distance, and fraction of the stably adhered platelets measured during blood flow under arterial equivalent mechanical shear conditions indicates no significant difference for topographies created with or without inclusion of the PS microspheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ward
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK
| | - Eimear Dunne
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adrian R Boyd
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK
| | - Dermot Kenny
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian J Meenan
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lenzuni M, Bonfadini S, Criante L, Zorzi F, Summa M, Bertorelli R, Suarato G, Athanassiou A. Dynamic investigation of zein-based degradable and hemocompatible coatings for drug-eluting stents: a microfluidic approach. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1576-1592. [PMID: 36688523 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable stent coatings have shown great potential in terms of delivering drugs to a damaged vessel wall, and their release profiles are key elements governing the overall performance of drug-eluting stents (DESs). However, release and degradation kinetics are usually not tested under simulated physiological conditions or in dynamic environments, both essential aspects in the design of novel DESs. To bridge this gap, fused silica-based microfluidic systems, with either round or square channel cross-sections, were designed to mimic the microenvironment of a stented vessel. In particular, we fabricated and characterized microfluidic chips based on customizable channels, which were spray-coated with a naturally-derived, rutin-loaded zein solution, to perform a comprehensive study under flow conditions. Dynamic assays after 6 hours showed how the degradation of the zein matrix was affected by the cross-sectional conformation (∼69% vs. ∼61%, square and round channel, respectively) and the simulated blood fluid components (∼55%, round channel with a more viscous solution). The released amount of rutin was ∼81% vs. ∼77% and ∼78% vs. ∼74% from the square and round channels, using the less and more viscous blood-simulated fluids, respectively. Fitting the drug release data to Korsmeyer-Peppas and first-order mathematical models provided further insight into the mechanism of rutin release and coating behavior under flowing conditions. More importantly, whole blood tests with our newly developed microfluidic platforms confirmed the hemocompatibility of our zein-based coating. In detail, in-flow and static studies on the blood cell behavior showed a significant reduction of platelet adhesion (∼73%) and activation (∼93%) compared to the stainless-steel substrate, confirming the benefits of using such naturally-derived coatings to avoid clogging. Overall, our microfluidic designs can provide a key practical tool for assessing polymer degradation and drug release from degradable matrices under flowing conditions, thus aiding future studies on the development of hemocompatible, controlled-release coatings for DESs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lenzuni
- Smart Materials Group, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, via Opera Pia 13, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvio Bonfadini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @ PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigino Criante
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @ PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Zorzi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @ PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Pascoli 70/3, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Translational Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Translational Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Suarato
- Smart Materials Group, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa, Italy.
- Translational Pharmacology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genoa, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Comparison of the Hemocompatibility of an Axial and a Centrifugal Left Ventricular Assist Device in an In Vitro Test Circuit. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123431. [PMID: 35743501 PMCID: PMC9225365 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemocompatibility of left ventricular assist devices is essential for preventing adverse events. In this study, we compared the hemocompatibility of an axial-flow (Sputnik) to a centrifugal-flow (HeartMate 3) pump. METHODS Both pumps were integrated into identical in vitro test circuits, each filled with 75 mL heparinized human blood of the same donor. During each experiment (n = 7), the pumps were operated with equal flow for six hours. Blood sampling and analysis were performed on a regular schedule. The analytes were indicators of hemolysis, coagulation activation, platelet count and activation, as well as extracellular vesicles. RESULTS Sputnik induced higher hemolysis compared to the HeartMate 3 after 360 min. Furthermore, platelet activation was higher for Sputnik after 120 min onward. In the HeartMate 3 circuit, the platelet count was reduced within the first hour. Furthermore, Sputnik triggered a more pronounced increase in extracellular vesicles, a potential trigger for adverse events in left ventricular assist device application. Activation of coagulation showed a time-dependent increase, with no differences between both groups. CONCLUSIONS This experimental study confirms the hypothesis that axial-flow pumps may induce stronger hemolysis compared to centrifugal pumps, coming along with larger amounts of circulating extracellular vesicles and a stronger PLT activation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang C. Life-threatening intracardiac cement embolisms after percutaneous kyphoplasty: a case report and literature review. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221102088. [PMID: 35638519 PMCID: PMC9160901 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous kyphoplasty is a popular technique in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, but intracardiac cement embolism can be a life-threatening complication.Case presentation: The authors present a case involving a patient who developed dyspnea and chest tightness after percutaneous kyphoplasty. Echocardiography and chest computed tomography confirmed several foreign bodies in the right atrium and pulmonary arteries causing cardiac perforation and pericardial tamponade. Conservative treatment was administered, and the patient died of respiratory and heart failure. CONCLUSIONS The present case highlights that surgical removal may be the first-choice treatment for symptomatic intracardiac cement embolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunneng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chernonosova VS, Laktionov PP. Structural Aspects of Electrospun Scaffolds Intended for Prosthetics of Blood Vessels. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091698. [PMID: 35566866 PMCID: PMC9105676 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning is a popular method used to fabricate small-diameter vascular grafts. However, the importance of structural characteristics of the scaffold determining interaction with endothelial cells and their precursors and blood cells is still not exhaustively clear. This review discusses current research on the significance and impact of scaffold architecture (fiber characteristics, porosity, and surface roughness of material) on interactions between cells and blood with the material. In addition, data about the effects of scaffold topography on cellular behaviour (adhesion, proliferation, and migration) are necessary to improve the rational design of electrospun vascular grafts with a long-term perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera S. Chernonosova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-363-51-44
| | - Pavel P. Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Anitua E, Cerqueira A, Romero-Gavilán F, García-Arnáez I, Martinez-Ramos C, Ozturan S, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Gurruchaga M, Goñi I, Suay J, Tejero R. Influence of calcium ion-modified implant surfaces in protein adsorption and implant integration. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:32. [PMID: 33880662 PMCID: PMC8058122 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium (Ca) is a well-known element in bone metabolism and blood coagulation. Here, we investigate the link between the protein adsorption pattern and the in vivo responses of surfaces modified with calcium ions (Ca-ion) as compared to standard titanium implant surfaces (control). We used LC–MS/MS to identify the proteins adhered to the surfaces after incubation with human serum and performed bilateral surgeries in the medial section of the femoral condyles of 18 New Zealand white rabbits to test osseointegration at 2 and 8 weeks post-implantation (n=9). Results Ca-ion surfaces adsorbed 181.42 times more FA10 and 3.85 times less FA12 (p<0.001), which are factors of the common and the intrinsic coagulation pathways respectively. We also detected differences in A1AT, PLMN, FA12, KNG1, HEP2, LYSC, PIP, SAMP, VTNC, SAA4, and CFAH (p<0.01). At 2 and 8 weeks post-implantation, the mean bone implant contact (BIC) with Ca-ion surfaces was respectively 1.52 and 1.25 times higher, and the mean bone volume density (BVD) was respectively 1.35 and 1.13 times higher. Differences were statistically significant for BIC at 2 and 8 weeks and for BVD at 2 weeks (p<0.05). Conclusions The strong thrombogenic protein adsorption pattern at Ca-ion surfaces correlated with significantly higher levels of implant osseointegration. More effective implant surfaces combined with smaller implants enable less invasive surgeries, shorter healing times, and overall lower intervention costs, especially in cases of low quantity or quality of bone. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40729-021-00314-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- University Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), C/ Jacinto Quincoces, 39, 01007, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Andreia Cerqueira
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Francisco Romero-Gavilán
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Iñaki García-Arnáez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), P.M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cristina Martinez-Ramos
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Seda Ozturan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istambul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Mariló Gurruchaga
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), P.M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Isabel Goñi
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), P.M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Julio Suay
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ricardo Tejero
- University Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), C/ Jacinto Quincoces, 39, 01007, Vitoria, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ross J, Bhatia R, Hyde T, Dixon G. Pulmonary embolism with coexistent incidental pulmonary cement embolism post vertebroplasty. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/3/e237449. [PMID: 33664025 PMCID: PMC7934751 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 46-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. A CT pulmonary angiogram identified a 5 cm cement pulmonary embolus within the right main pulmonary artery with a surrounding thrombus. She had undergone an L4 vertebroplasty 3 years prior to presentation for a benign lytic lesion. Cement embolus is a known complication of cement vertebroplasty with incidence rates of approximately 0.9%. Management is usually conservative and associated morbidity and mortality rates are low. It is not known whether a previous cement embolus could provide a nidus for thrombus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Ross
- Swindon Academy, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Robin Bhatia
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Tom Hyde
- Department of Cardiology, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| | - Giles Dixon
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akhidime ID, Slate AJ, Hulme A, Whitehead KA. The Influence of Surface Topography and Wettability on Escherichia coli Removal from Polymeric Materials in the Presence of a Blood Conditioning Film. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7368. [PMID: 33050212 PMCID: PMC7599617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of biofouling and the reduction of cross-contamination in the food industry are important aspects of safety management systems. Polymeric surfaces are used extensively throughout the food production industry and therefore ensuring that effective cleaning regimes are conducted is vital. Throughout this study, the influence of the surface characteristics of three different polymeric surfaces, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on the removal of Escherichia coli using a wipe clean method utilising 3% sodium hypochlorite was determined. The PTFE surfaces were the roughest and demonstrated the least wettable surface (118.8°), followed by the PMMA (75.2°) and PET surfaces (53.9°). Following cleaning with a 3% sodium hypochlorite solution, bacteria were completely removed from the PTFE surfaces, whilst the PMMA and PET surfaces still had high numbers of bacteria recovered (1.2 × 107 CFU/mL and 6.3 × 107 CFU/mL, respectively). When bacterial suspensions were applied to the surfaces in the presence of a blood conditioning film, cleaning with sodium hypochlorite demonstrated that no bacteria were recovered from the PMMA surface. However, on both the PTFE and PET surfaces, bacteria were recovered at lower concentrations (2.0 × 102 CFU/mL and 1.3 × 103 CFU/mL, respectively). ATP bioluminescence results demonstrated significantly different ATP concentrations on the surfaces when soiled (PTFE: 132 relative light units (RLU), PMMA: 80 RLU and PET: 99 RLU). Following cleaning, both in the presence and absence of a blood conditioning film, all the surfaces were considered clean, producing ATP concentrations in the range of 0-2 RLU. The results generated in this study demonstrated that the presence of a blood conditioning film significantly altered the removal of bacteria from the polymeric surfaces following a standard cleaning regime. Conditioning films which represent the environment where the surface is intended to be used should be a vital part of the test regime to ensure an effective disinfection process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Devine Akhidime
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (I.D.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Anthony J. Slate
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Anca Hulme
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (I.D.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester St, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (I.D.A.); (A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kröger N, Kopp A, Staudt M, Rusu M, Schuh A, Liehn EA. Hemocompatibility of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coated Mg-RE and Mg-Zn-Ca alloys for vascular scaffold applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:819-826. [PMID: 30184811 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and subsequent vascular scaffold implantation remains the prevalent invasive treatment of coronary heart disease. In-stent restenosis remained a problem with bare metal stents, until drug-eluting stents were introduced. The inhibition of the healing process by the antimitotic drug coating and the permanent metallic remnant can promote sub-acute and delayed stent thrombosis. Thus, the development of biodegradable stents emerged as a subject of research. Magnesium-based bioabsorbable devices can provide sufficient radial force in the acute phase of vessel-treatment and degrade thoroughly in aqueous environment, making them potential new candidates for vascular scaffold applications. Magnesium alloys tend to degrade very quickly due to their high electrochemical corrosion potential. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation modification of magnesium alloys improves interface and degradadation properties and may therefore enhance the performance and suitability for vascular scaffold applications of these materials. Assuring the hemocompatibility and foremost assessing the thrombogenicity of new biomaterials prior to their use is essential in order to avoid adverse effects. The goal was to assess thrombocyte adhesion on coated Mg-RE and Mg-Zn-Ca alloys. Static experiments with human blood were carried out on the plasma-electrolytically treated or corresponding untreated Mg alloy in order to assess quantity and quality of thrombocyte adhesion via standardized SEM imaging. In a second step, a parallel plate flow chamber was designed in order to examine thrombocyte adhesion under dynamic flow conditions. During flow chamber experiments the test-materials were exposed to human thrombocyte concentrate and the number of adherent thrombocytes was assessed. The flow chamber was additionally perfused with human blood and thrombocyte adhesion was semiquantitatively and qualitatively assessed via SEM imaging and subsequent scoring. In conclusion, a new parallel plate flow chamber design simulating blood-circulation was successfully established, enabling the further assessment of platelet adhesion on bioabsorbable materials under dynamic flow conditions. Static and dynamic experiments showed, that plasma-electrolytically treated specimens showed low thrombocyte adhesion on both alloys, proposing their potential use in vascular scaffolds. The uncoated magnesium alloys showed rapid degradation along with gas formation due to the chemically active surface and therefore give concern regarding their safety and suitability for vascular applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Kröger
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | | | - Mareike Staudt
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Mihaela Rusu
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Alexander Schuh
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Angiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gelatin — Oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose blend based tubular electrospun scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1922-1935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
11
|
Ward J, Dunne E, Bishop D, Boyd A, Kenny D, Meenan BJ. Entrapment of Autologous von Willebrand Factor on Polystyrene/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Demixed Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9120700. [PMID: 30966006 PMCID: PMC6419233 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Human platelets play a vital role in haemostasis, pathological bleeding and thrombosis. The haemostatic mechanism is concerned with the control of bleeding from injured blood vessels, whereby platelets interact with the damaged inner vessel wall to form a clot (thrombus) at the site of injury. This adhesion of platelets and their subsequent aggregation is dependent on the presence of the blood protein von Willebrand Factor (vWF). It is proposed here that the entrapment of vWF on a substrate surface offers the opportunity to assess an individual’s platelet function in a clinical diagnostic context. Spin coating from demixed solutions of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) onto glass slides has been shown previously to support platelet adhesion but the mechanism by which this interaction occurs, including the role of vWF, is not fully understood. In this work, we report a study of the interaction of platelets in whole blood with surfaces produced by spin coating from a solution of a weight/weight mixture of a 25% PS and 75% PMMA (25PS/75PMMA) in chloroform in the context of the properties required for their use as a Dynamic Platelet Function Assay (DPFA) substrate. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) indicates the presence of topographical features on the polymer demixed surfaces in the sub-micron to nanometer range. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirms that the uppermost surface chemistry of the coatings is solely that of PMMA. The deliberate addition of various amounts of 50 μm diameter PS microspheres to the 25PS/75PMMA system has been shown to maintain the PMMA chemistry, but to significantly change the surface topography and to subsequently effect the scale of the resultant platelet interactions. By blocking specific platelet binding sites, it has been shown that their interaction with these surfaces is a consequence of the entrapment and build-up of vWF from the same whole blood sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ward
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Jordanstown BT37 0QB, UK.
| | - Eimear Dunne
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - David Bishop
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Jordanstown BT37 0QB, UK.
| | - Adrian Boyd
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Jordanstown BT37 0QB, UK.
| | - Dermot Kenny
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Brian J Meenan
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Jordanstown BT37 0QB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lizundia E, Sáenz-Pérez M, Patrocinio D, Aurrekoetxea I, dM Vivanco M, Vilas JL. Nanopatterned polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) surfaces to modulate cell-material interaction. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:229-236. [PMID: 28415458 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work we explore the effect of surface nanoarchitecture of polystyrene (PS) and polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) diblock copolymer films on cell viability. PS and PS-b-PAA have been nanopatterned at temperatures of 110, 120 and 140°C using nanoporous aluminium oxide membranes (AAO) as a template. Surface architecture strongly depends on the infiltration temperature and the nature of the infiltrated polymer. High patterning temperatures yield hollow fibre shape architecture at the nanoscale level, which substantially modifies the surface hydrophobicity of the resulting materials. Up to date very scarce reports could be found in the literature dealing with the interaction of microstructured/nanostructured polymeric surfaces with cancer cells. Therefore, MCF-7 breast cancer cells have been selected as a model to conduct cell viability assays. The findings reveal that the fine-tuning of the surface nanoarchitecture contributes to the modification of its biocompatibility. Overall, this study highlights the potential of AAO membranes to obtain well-defined tailored morphologies at nanoscale level and its importance to develop novel soft functional surfaces to be used in the biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erlantz Lizundia
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain.
| | - Míriam Sáenz-Pérez
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain; The Footwear Technology Center of La Rioja, Calle Raposal 65, Arnedo 26580, Spain
| | - David Patrocinio
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | | | | | - José Luis Vilas
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cellular Shear Adhesion Force Measurement and Simultaneous Imaging by Atomic Force Microscope. J Med Biol Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
14
|
Intracardiac bone cement embolism as a complication of vertebroplasty: management strategy. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2016; 26:3199-3205. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-016-4695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
15
|
Fukuhara Y, Kyuzo M, Tsutsumi Y, Nagai A, Chen P, Hanawa T. Phospholipid polymer electrodeposited on titanium inhibits platelet adhesion. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:554-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fukuhara
- Department of Materials Engineering; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Megumi Kyuzo
- Department of Materials Engineering; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsumi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Akiko Nagai
- Department of Materials Engineering; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Peng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Takao Hanawa
- Department of Materials Engineering; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Durgalakshmi D, Balakumar S. Analysis of solvent induced porous PMMA–Bioglass monoliths by the phase separation method – mechanical and in vitro biocompatible studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1247-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone microstructure and its mechanical properties are mimicked by PMMA–Bioglass monoliths fabricated by the phase separation method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Durgalakshmi
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai 600025
- India
| | - S. Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai 600025
- India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sandmann R, Henriques SSG, Rehfeldt F, Köster S. Micro-topography influences blood platelet spreading. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:2365-2371. [PMID: 24623273 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Injuries in blood vessels are accompanied by disrupted endothelial cell layers. Missing or destroyed endothelial cells lead to rough, structured surfaces on the micrometer scale. The first cells to arrive at the site of injury and to cover the wound are platelets, which subsequently drive blood clot formation. Therefore, investigating the interactions of platelets with structured surfaces is essential for the understanding of blood clotting. Here, we study the effects of underlying topography on platelet spreading using microstructured model substrates with varying area fractions of protein coating. We thereby distinguish the effects of (physical) topography and of (biochemical) protein availability. By analyzing the cell area and morphology, we find that the extent of protrusion formation - but not the total spread area - is determined by the area fractions of coating. The extent of filopodia formation is influenced by the availability of binding sites and the reaction of cells to the substrate's topography. The cells react to the structured substrate by avoiding topographic holes at the cell periphery and thus adapting their outer shape. This finding leads us to the conclusion that both chemically blocked and fibrinogen-coated holes represent "energetic obstacles" to the cells. Thus, the shape of the cell is governed by the interplay between spreading to an optimized area and adaption to the substrate topography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Sandmann
- University of Göttingen, Institute for X-Ray Physics, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pujari S, Hoess A, Shen J, Thormann A, Heilmann A, Tang L, Karlsson-Ott M. Effects of nanoporous alumina on inflammatory cell response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3773-80. [PMID: 24288233 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the effects of nanoscale porosity on inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. Nanoporous alumina membranes with different pore sizes, 20 and 200 nm in diameter, were used. We first evaluated cell/alumina interactions in vitro by observing adhesion, proliferation, and activation of a murine fibroblast and a macrophage cell line. To investigate the chronic inflammatory response, the membranes were implanted subcutaneously in mice for 2 weeks. Cell recruitment to the site of implantation was determined by histology and the production of cytokines was measured by protein array analysis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that 200 nm pores induced a stronger inflammatory response as compared to the alumina with 20 nm pores. This was observed by an increase in macrophage activation in vitro as well as higher cell recruitment and generation of proinflammatory cytokines around the alumina with 200 nm pores, in vivo. Our results suggest that nanofeatures can be modulated in order to control the inflammatory response to implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiuli Pujari
- Applied Material Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Milleret V, Hefti T, Hall H, Vogel V, Eberli D. Influence of the fiber diameter and surface roughness of electrospun vascular grafts on blood activation. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4349-56. [PMID: 22842036 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun grafts have been widely investigated for vascular graft replacement due to their ease and compatibility with many natural and synthetic polymers. Here, the effect of the processing parameters on the scaffold's architecture and subsequent reactions of partially heparinized blood triggered by contacting these topographies were studied. Degrapol® (DP) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun fibrous scaffolds were characterized with regard to fiber diameter, pore area and scaffold roughness. The study showed that electrospinning parameters greatly affect fiber diameter together with pore dimension and overall scaffold roughness. Coagulation cascade activation, early platelet adhesion and activation were analyzed after 2h of exposure of blood to the biomaterials. While no differences were found between DP and PLGA with similar topographies, the blood reactions were observed to be dependent on the fiber diameter and scaffold roughness. Scaffolds composed of thin fibers (diameter <1μm) triggered very low coagulation and almost no platelets adhered. On the other hand, scaffolds with a bigger fiber diameter (2-3μm) triggered higher thrombin formation and more platelets adhered. The highest platelet adhesion and activations rates as well as coagulation cascade activation were found in blood incubated in contact with the scaffolds produced with the biggest fiber diameter (5μm). These findings indicate that electrospun grafts with small fiber diameter (<1μm) could perform better with reduced early thrombogenicity due to lower platelet adhesion and lower activation of platelets and coagulation cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Milleret
- Cells and Biomaterials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Minelli C, Yamamoto A, Kim MJ. Optically Patternable Polymer Films as Model Interfaces to Study Cellular Behaviour on Topographically Structured Materials. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:577-88. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x488223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Minelli
- a International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Akiko Yamamoto
- b Biomaterials Center, National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- c International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Material Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, San 14-1, Nongseo-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-712, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Conant CG, Nevill JT, Zhou Z, Dong JF, Schwartz MA, Ionescu-Zanetti C. Using well-plate microfluidic devices to conduct shear-based thrombosis assays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:148-52. [PMID: 21609696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Shear stress plays a critical role in regulating platelet adhesion and thrombus formation at the site of vascular injury. As such, platelets are often examined in vitro under controlled shear flow conditions for their hemostatic and thrombotic functions. Common shear-based platelet analyses include the evaluation of genetic mutants, inhibitory or experimental compounds, matrix substrates, and the effects of different physiological and pathological shear forces. There are several laboratory instruments widely used for studying shear flow, including cone and plate viscometers and parallel plate perfusion chambers. These technologies vary widely in the types of samples, substrates, blood volumes, and throughput that are involved. Here, we describe a microfluidic system for platelet analysis under shear flow. We used the devices to study thrombus formation on collagen I and von Willebrand factor. The system was also used to investigate dose response to the antiplatelet compound, Abciximab, under shear flow conditions with an emphasis on maximizing the number of data points per single patient sample. The presented method confers multiple advantages over conventional approaches. These include the ability to assess up to 24 conditions simultaneously in real time, maintain identical physical conditions across experiments, and use extremely low donor volumes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Conant CG, Schwartz MA, Beecher JE, Rudoff RC, Ionescu-Zanetti C, Nevill JT. Well plate microfluidic system for investigation of dynamic platelet behavior under variable shear loads. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:2978-87. [PMID: 21702026 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The study of platelet behavior in real-time under controlled shear stress offers insights into the underlying mechanisms of many vascular diseases and enables evaluation of platelet-focused therapeutics. The two most common methods used to study platelet behavior at the vessel wall under uniform shear flow are parallel plate flow chambers and cone-plate viscometers. Typically, these methods are difficult to use, lack experimental flexibility, provide low data content, are low in throughput, and require large reagent volumes. Here, we report a well plate microfluidic (WPM)-based system that offers high throughput, low reagent consumption, and high experimental flexibility in an easy to use well plate format. The system consists of well plates with an integrated array of microfluidic channels, a pneumatic interface, an automated microscope, and software. This WPM system was used to investigate dynamic platelet behavior under shear stress. Multiple channel designs are presented and tested for shear loads with whole blood to determine their applicability to study thrombus formation. Normal physiological shear (0.1-20 dyn/cm(2) ) and pathological shear (20-200 dyn/cm(2) ) devices were used to study platelet behavior in vitro under various shear, matrix coating, and monolayer conditions. The high physiological relevance, low blood consumption, and increased throughput create a valuable technique available to vascular biology researchers. The approach also has extensibility to other research areas including inflammation, cancer biology, and developmental/stem cell research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G Conant
- Fluxion Biosciences, 384 Oyster Point Blvd., Suite 6, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nonckreman CJ, Fleith S, Rouxhet PG, Dupont-Gillain CC. Competitive adsorption of fibrinogen and albumin and blood platelet adhesion on surfaces modified with nanoparticles and/or PEO. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 77:139-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
24
|
Zemła J, Lekka M, Raczkowska J, Bernasik A, Rysz J, Budkowski A. Selective Protein Adsorption on Polymer Patterns Formed by Self-Organization and Soft Lithography. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2101-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900598s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zemła
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland, Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland, and Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 39, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland, Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland, and Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 39, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Raczkowska
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland, Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland, and Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 39, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bernasik
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland, Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland, and Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 39, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Rysz
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland, Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland, and Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 39, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budkowski
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Kraków, Poland, Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland, and Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 39, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Castillo J, Dimaki M, Svendsen WE. Manipulation of biological samples using micro and nano techniques. Integr Biol (Camb) 2009; 1:30-42. [DOI: 10.1039/b814549k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|