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Patrocinio D, Galván-Chacón V, Gómez-Blanco JC, Miguel SP, Loureiro J, Ribeiro MP, Coutinho P, Pagador JB, Sanchez-Margallo FM. Biopolymers for Tissue Engineering: Crosslinking, Printing Techniques, and Applications. Gels 2023; 9:890. [PMID: 37998980 PMCID: PMC10670821 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, tissue engineering has been dedicated to the development of 3D structures through bioprinting techniques that aim to obtain personalized, dynamic, and complex hydrogel 3D structures. Among the different materials used for the fabrication of such structures, proteins and polysaccharides are the main biological compounds (biopolymers) selected for the bioink formulation. These biomaterials obtained from natural sources are commonly compatible with tissues and cells (biocompatibility), friendly with biological digestion processes (biodegradability), and provide specific macromolecular structural and mechanical properties (biomimicry). However, the rheological behaviors of these natural-based bioinks constitute the main challenge of the cell-laden printing process (bioprinting). For this reason, bioprinting usually requires chemical modifications and/or inter-macromolecular crosslinking. In this sense, a comprehensive analysis describing these biopolymers (natural proteins and polysaccharides)-based bioinks, their modifications, and their stimuli-responsive nature is performed. This manuscript is organized into three sections: (1) tissue engineering application, (2) crosslinking, and (3) bioprinting techniques, analyzing the current challenges and strengths of biopolymers in bioprinting. In conclusion, all hydrogels try to resemble extracellular matrix properties for bioprinted structures while maintaining good printability and stability during the printing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Patrocinio
- CCMIJU, Bioengineering and Health Technologies, Jesus Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (D.P.); (V.G.-C.); (J.B.P.)
| | - Victor Galván-Chacón
- CCMIJU, Bioengineering and Health Technologies, Jesus Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (D.P.); (V.G.-C.); (J.B.P.)
| | - J. Carlos Gómez-Blanco
- CCMIJU, Bioengineering and Health Technologies, Jesus Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (D.P.); (V.G.-C.); (J.B.P.)
| | - Sonia P. Miguel
- CPIRN-IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal (M.P.R.)
- CICS-UBI, Health Science Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jorge Loureiro
- CPIRN-IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal (M.P.R.)
| | - Maximiano P. Ribeiro
- CPIRN-IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal (M.P.R.)
- CICS-UBI, Health Science Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Paula Coutinho
- CPIRN-IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal (M.P.R.)
- CICS-UBI, Health Science Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J. Blas Pagador
- CCMIJU, Bioengineering and Health Technologies, Jesus Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (D.P.); (V.G.-C.); (J.B.P.)
- CIBER CV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red—Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisco M. Sanchez-Margallo
- CIBER CV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red—Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Scientific Direction, Jesus Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- TERAV/ISCIII, Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Loureiro J, Miguel SP, Galván-Chacón V, Patrocinio D, Pagador JB, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Ribeiro MP, Coutinho P. Three-Dimensionally Printed Hydrogel Cardiac Patch for Infarct Regeneration Based on Natural Polysaccharides. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2824. [PMID: 37447470 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the more common cardiovascular diseases, and remains the leading cause of death, globally. Hydrogels (namely, those using natural polymers) provide a reliable tool for regenerative medicine and have become a promising option for cardiac tissue regeneration due to their hydrophilic character and their structural similarity to the extracellular matrix. Herein, a functional ink based on the natural polysaccharides Gellan gum and Konjac glucomannan has, for the first time, been applied in the production of a 3D printed hydrogel with therapeutic potential, with the goal of being locally implanted in the infarcted area of the heart. Overall, results revealed the excellent printability of the bioink for the development of a stable, porous, biocompatible, and bioactive 3D hydrogel, combining the specific advantages of Gellan gum and Konjac glucomannan with proper mechanical properties, which supports the simplification of the implantation process. In addition, the structure have positive effects on endothelial cells' proliferation and migration that can promote the repair of injured cardiac tissue. The results presented will pave the way for simple, low-cost, and efficient cardiac tissue regeneration using a 3D printed hydrogel cardiac patch with potential for clinical application for myocardial infarction treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Loureiro
- CPIRN-IPG-Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sónia P Miguel
- CPIRN-IPG-Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - David Patrocinio
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - José Blas Pagador
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- TERAV/ISCIII-Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco M Sánchez-Margallo
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- TERAV/ISCIII-Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- CIBER CV-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maximiano P Ribeiro
- CPIRN-IPG-Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Paula Coutinho
- CPIRN-IPG-Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Loureiro J, Miguel SP, Galván-Chacón VP, Patrocinio D, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Pagador JB, Ribeiro MP, Coutinho P. DEVELOPMENT OF A NATURAL POLYMER-BASED HYDROGEL FOR BIOENGINEERED VASCULAR GRAFTS. Br J Surg 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac443.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Cardiovascular diseases are a main cause of death globally, and their treatment implies various vascular repairs through different techniques like angioplasty, stent placement in the blocked artery, or bypass surgery. Artificial grafts would significantly reduce the number of non-treated patients, but middle and long-term failures compromise their clinical use.
Methods
Herein, we developed a hydrogel composed of gellan gum, gelatin, and sodium alginate for bioengineered vascular graft production. The vascular grafts were characterized by their swelling, porosity, biodegradability, and cytotoxic profile.
Results
The bioengineered materials were easily assembled due to the thermoresponsive nature of the hydrogel and had a vessel-like structure resembling the native vasculature. These vessels had a very controlled swelling degree, and notably, the hydrogel structure was stable and maintained its morphology. The vascular grafts had a porosity of 82.6 ± 4.3% and exhibited a controlled biodegradation rate with a maximum of 24.2 ± 3.0%. As expected, the natural materials used showed no cytotoxicity toward HUVECs cells since they are natural polymers described as biocompatible.
Conclusions
This developed natural hydrogel showed promising potential to be used to develop bioengineered vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Loureiro
- Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda
| | - S P Miguel
- Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda.CICS-UBI- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior
| | | | | | | | - J B Pagador
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center
| | - M P Ribeiro
- Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda.CICS-UBI- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior
| | - P Coutinho
- Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda.CICS-UBI- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior
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Patrocinio D, Pagador JB, Galván V, Duarte M, Sánchez F. PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON FUNCTIONALIZATION OF POLYPROPYLENE SURGICAL MESHES. Br J Surg 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac443.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Due to inflammatory response in patients, many efforts have been devoted to developing advanced (biological or bioactive) surgical meshes. Some of them look for new synthetic materials and others work to improve their biocompatibility through different methods (coating, soaking, plasma). However, it is critical to avoid pore obstruction or lose mechanical properties while its amphiphilic behaviour is increased.
Methods
A deposition method was used to functionalize surgical meshes with a polypropylene derivative block copolymer that improved its amphiphilic behaviour. Therefore, this copolymer was dispersed on several solvents with different polarities and chemical natures. Then, meshes were immersed and a chemical adsorption-based coating was performed. Additionally, a qualitative study was carried out by optical and fluorescence microscopy on two size samples: small (1 cm2 squares) and large (standard T bone shapes).
Results
First, pore obstruction was perfectly avoided in small samples but was partially present in large samples. Second, the deposition was thicker with polar solvent in both sizes. And finally, fluorescence analysis showed a homogeneous and smooth coating with the most polar solvent.
Conclusions
After exposure to UV light, small samples show a better coating while large one's present irregular adherences on their surface. Moreover, the aprotic polar solvent provides a thickness layer and a smooth mesh surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J B Pagador
- Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón
| | - V Galván
- Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón
| | - M Duarte
- Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón
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Gómez-Blanco JC, Galván-Chacón V, Patrocinio D, Matamoros M, Sánchez-Ortega ÁJ, Marcos AC, Duarte-León M, Marinaro F, Pagador JB, Sánchez-Margallo FM. Improving Cell Viability and Velocity in μ-Extrusion Bioprinting with a Novel Pre-Incubator Bioprinter and a Standard FDM 3D Printing Nozzle. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:3100. [PMID: 34198815 PMCID: PMC8201198 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a promising emerging technology. It has been widely studied by the scientific community for the possibility to create transplantable artificial tissues, with minimal risk to the patient. Although the biomaterials and cells to be used are being carefully studied, there is still a long way to go before a bioprinter can easily and quickly produce printings without harmful effects on the cells. In this sense, we have developed a new μ-extrusion bioprinter formed by an Atom Proton 3D printer, an atmospheric enclosure and a new extrusion-head capable to increment usual printing velocity. Hence, this work has two main objectives. First, to experimentally study the accuracy and precision. Secondly, to study the influence of flow rates on cellular viability using this novel μ-extrusion bioprinter in combination with a standard FDM 3D printing nozzle. Our results show an X, Y and Z axis movement accuracy under 17 μm with a precision around 12 μm while the extruder values are under 5 and 7 μm, respectively. Additionally, the cell viability obtained from different volumetric flow tests varies from 70 to 90%. So, the proposed bioprinter and nozzle can control the atmospheric conditions and increase the volumetric flow speeding up the bioprinting process without compromising the cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Gómez-Blanco
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (V.G.-C.); (D.P.); (M.D.-L.); (F.M.); (F.M.S.-M.)
| | - Victor Galván-Chacón
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (V.G.-C.); (D.P.); (M.D.-L.); (F.M.); (F.M.S.-M.)
| | - David Patrocinio
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (V.G.-C.); (D.P.); (M.D.-L.); (F.M.); (F.M.S.-M.)
| | - Manuel Matamoros
- School of Industrial Engineering, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.M.); (Á.J.S.-O.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Álvaro J. Sánchez-Ortega
- School of Industrial Engineering, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.M.); (Á.J.S.-O.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Alfonso C. Marcos
- School of Industrial Engineering, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.M.); (Á.J.S.-O.); (A.C.M.)
| | - María Duarte-León
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (V.G.-C.); (D.P.); (M.D.-L.); (F.M.); (F.M.S.-M.)
| | - Federica Marinaro
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (V.G.-C.); (D.P.); (M.D.-L.); (F.M.); (F.M.S.-M.)
| | - José B. Pagador
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (V.G.-C.); (D.P.); (M.D.-L.); (F.M.); (F.M.S.-M.)
| | - Francisco M. Sánchez-Margallo
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (V.G.-C.); (D.P.); (M.D.-L.); (F.M.); (F.M.S.-M.)
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Lizundia E, Sáenz-Pérez M, Patrocinio D, Aurrekoetxea I, dM Vivanco M, Vilas JL. Nanopatterned polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) surfaces to modulate cell-material interaction. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2017; 75:229-236. [PMID: 28415458 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work we explore the effect of surface nanoarchitecture of polystyrene (PS) and polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) diblock copolymer films on cell viability. PS and PS-b-PAA have been nanopatterned at temperatures of 110, 120 and 140°C using nanoporous aluminium oxide membranes (AAO) as a template. Surface architecture strongly depends on the infiltration temperature and the nature of the infiltrated polymer. High patterning temperatures yield hollow fibre shape architecture at the nanoscale level, which substantially modifies the surface hydrophobicity of the resulting materials. Up to date very scarce reports could be found in the literature dealing with the interaction of microstructured/nanostructured polymeric surfaces with cancer cells. Therefore, MCF-7 breast cancer cells have been selected as a model to conduct cell viability assays. The findings reveal that the fine-tuning of the surface nanoarchitecture contributes to the modification of its biocompatibility. Overall, this study highlights the potential of AAO membranes to obtain well-defined tailored morphologies at nanoscale level and its importance to develop novel soft functional surfaces to be used in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlantz Lizundia
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain.
| | - Míriam Sáenz-Pérez
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain; The Footwear Technology Center of La Rioja, Calle Raposal 65, Arnedo 26580, Spain
| | - David Patrocinio
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | | | | | - José Luis Vilas
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Dept. of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
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Lizundia E, Pérez-Álvarez L, Sáenz-Pérez M, Patrocinio D, Vilas JL, León LM. Physical aging and mechanical performance of poly(l-lactide)/ZnO nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erlantz Lizundia
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group (LABQUIMAC); Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Leioa 48940 Spain
| | - Leyre Pérez-Álvarez
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group (LABQUIMAC); Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Leioa 48940 Spain
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia; Ed. 500 Derio 48160 Spain
| | - Míriam Sáenz-Pérez
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group (LABQUIMAC); Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Leioa 48940 Spain
- The Footwear Technology Center of La Rioja; Calle Raposal 65 Arnedo 26580 Spain
| | - David Patrocinio
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group (LABQUIMAC); Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Leioa 48940 Spain
| | - José Luis Vilas
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group (LABQUIMAC); Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Leioa 48940 Spain
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia; Ed. 500 Derio 48160 Spain
| | - Luis Manuel León
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group (LABQUIMAC); Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Leioa 48940 Spain
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia; Ed. 500 Derio 48160 Spain
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Ruiz-Rubio L, Marin JR, Patrocinio D, Laza JM, Rodríguez M, Garay MT. Associative and segregative phase behaviour in mixtures of poly(N-tert-butylacrylamide) and poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) with poly(4-vinylphenol): effect of solvent and concentration. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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