1
|
Machetanz K, Wang SS, Oberle L, Tatagiba M, Naros G. Sex Differences in Vestibular Schwannoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4365. [PMID: 37686642 PMCID: PMC10486905 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma (VS) are equally common in men and woman. A number of epidemiological studies have reported on sex-specific aspects of incidence, tumor size, tinnitus and hearing loss. However, data on sex-specific, pre- and post-surgically quality of life (QoL) are rare. The objective of the present study was to determine sex-specific aspects on QoL in VS. Health-related QoL was analyzed in 260 patients (112 male/148 female) with unilateral sporadic VS using general (SF-36: general Short-Form Health Survey), disease-specific (PANQOL: Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality-of-Life Scale, PANQOL) and symptom-specific (DHI: Dizziness Handicap Inventory; HHI: Hearing Handicap Inventory; THI: Tinnitus Handicap Inventory; FDI: Facial Disability Index) QoL questionnaires. Sex differences were evaluated pre- and postoperative by multi- and univariate analyses based on 200 preoperative and 88 postoperative questionnaires. Female patients were significantly more affected by dizziness, headaches, reduced energy and anxiety. Energy and balance changed similarly in both sexes after surgery. However, postoperative women tended to be more affected by facial palsy and headaches than men. Despite the greater physical impairment, general health improved equivalently or even more in female patients than in males. In conclusion, self-rated QoL in VS is significantly affected by sex and surgery. This should be taken into account when counseling VS patients regarding observation, radiotherapy, and surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Machetanz
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cazzador D, Astolfi L, Daloiso A, Tealdo G, Simoni E, Mazzoni A, Zanoletti E, Marioni G. Tumor Microenvironment in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic, Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076522. [PMID: 37047498 PMCID: PMC10094882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannomas (VSs) improved in recent years, no factors have yet been identified as being capable of predicting tumor growth. Molecular rearrangements occur in neoplasms before any macroscopic morphological changes become visible, and the former are the underlying cause of disease behavior. Tumor microenvironment (TME) encompasses cellular and non-cellular elements interacting together, resulting in a complex and dynamic key of tumorigenesis, drug response, and treatment outcome. The aim of this systematic, narrative review was to assess the level of knowledge on TME implicated in the biology, behavior, and prognosis of sporadic VSs. A search (updated to November 2022) was run in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science electronic databases according to the PRISMA guidelines, retrieving 624 titles. After full-text evaluation and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 37 articles were included. VS microenvironment is determined by the interplay of a dynamic ecosystem of stromal and immune cells which produce and remodel extracellular matrix, vascular networks, and promote tumor growth. However, evidence is still conflicting. Further studies will enhance our understanding of VS biology by investigating TME-related biomarkers able to predict tumor growth and recognize immunological and molecular factors that could be potential therapeutic targets for medical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cazzador
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Laura Astolfi
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daloiso
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Tealdo
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Edi Simoni
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzoni
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zanoletti
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Gino Marioni
- Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ilyalov SR, Ryzhova MV, Galkin MV, Banov SM, Golanov AV, Usachev DY. [Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in vestibular schwannomas]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEIROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2023; 87:44-48. [PMID: 36763552 DOI: 10.17116/neiro20238701144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stereotactic radiosurgery is one of the main treatments for vestibular schwannomas (VS). Their feature is frequent post-radiation pseudoprogression. This may be due to hormonal status of patients. OBJECTIVE To analyze expression of progesterone and estrogen receptors in women and men with VS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of progesterone (PR) and estrogen receptors (ER) after biopsy was performed in 240 patients with VS between 2018 and 2021. ER/PR expression was assessed in men (n=120) and women (n=120) in 3 age subgroups: young age (18-44 years), middle age (45-59 years) and old age (60-79 years). Each subgroup included 40 patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and MedCalc software. RESULTS ER expression is not typical for VS (men - 1 (0.01%), women - 3 (2.5%)). At the same time, PR expression was found in 29 (24.2%) men and 21 (17.5%) women. We found no significant difference in expression of ER and PR between men and women. However, variability in PR expression was revealed, i.e. predominance of this indicator in young women (p=0.0463) and middle-aged men (p=0.0110). Expression of PR was similar in elderly patients (p=0.2382). CONCLUSION The established incidence of PR expression may be one of the probable causes affecting development and duration of VS pseudoprogression after radiosurgery without clear relationship between sex and age. Further prospective research is needed to predict the risks of pseudoprogression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Ilyalov
- Gamma Clinic center of high precision radiology (Gamma Medtechnology LLC), Obninsk, Russia
| | - M V Ryzhova
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Galkin
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - S M Banov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Golanov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Retrospective analysis of schwannoma in the oral and maxillofacial region: clinicopathological characteristics and specific pathology of ancient change. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 60:326-331. [PMID: 34690015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Schwannomas are benign tumours that originate from the Schwann cells of the nerve. Despite the frequency of their occurrence in the head and neck, data relating to their clinicopathological features in the region are limited. This study reviews the clinicopathological characteristics and specific pathology of ancient (degenerative) change in 40 cases in the oral and maxillofacial region. Medical records were reviewed of the 40 cases treated at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital Faculty of Dentistry between 2000 and 2020. The most frequently involved site was the tongue, and the average tumour size was 13.2 mm. Degenerative changes were observed in eight cases. All tumours were completely excised through biopsy or local excision, and no recurrence was observed on clinical follow up. Statistical analyses revealed significant associations (p < 0.05) between ancient change and tumour size, and between ancient change and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value derived from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Analysis suggests that schwannoma progresses over a long period and subsequently undergoes secondary ancient changes. Pathological events such as cystic formation and haemorrhage that are associated with ancient changes, cause hypocellularity and lead to high ADC values. These values may indicate ancient change and should be considered when distinguishing schwannoma from other lesions.
Collapse
|
5
|
Loures FH, Conceição LG, Amorim RL, Nobrega J, T. Neto R, Costa EP, Silva FFE. Progesterone and estrogen receptor expression by canine cutaneous soft tissue sarcomas. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Canine soft tissue sarcomas (STS) comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies that share similar histopathological features, a low to moderate recurrence rate and low metastatic potential. In human medicine, the expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in sarcomas has been studied to search for prognostic factors and new treatment targets. Similar studies have yet to be conducted in veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate by immunohistochemistry (IHC) the ER and PR expression in a series of 80 cutaneous and subcutaneous sarcomas in dogs with histopathological features of peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) and perivascular wall tumor (PWT). All cases were positive for PR and negative for ER. Tumors of high malignancy grade (grade III) exhibited higher PR expression than low-grade tumors (grade I). Tumors with mitotic activity greater than 9 mitotic figures/10 high power fields also exhibited higher PR expression. In addition, there was a positive correlation between cell proliferation (Ki67) and PR expression. Therefore, it is possible that progesterone plays a greater role than estrogen in the pathogenesis of these tumors. Future studies should explore the potential for selective progesterone receptor modulators as therapeutic agents in canine STS, as well as evaluating PR expression as a predictor of prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rafael T. Neto
- VetMol Consultoria e Diagnóstico em Patologia Molecular Veterinária e Pesquisa, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sagers JE, Brown AS, Vasilijic S, Lewis RM, Sahin MI, Landegger LD, Perlis RH, Kohane IS, Welling DB, Patel CJ, Stankovic KM. Computational repositioning and preclinical validation of mifepristone for human vestibular schwannoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5437. [PMID: 29615643 PMCID: PMC5882888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The computational repositioning of existing drugs represents an appealing avenue for identifying effective compounds to treat diseases with no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies. Here we present the largest meta-analysis to date of differential gene expression in human vestibular schwannoma (VS), a debilitating intracranial tumor, and use these data to inform the first application of algorithm-based drug repositioning for this tumor class. We apply an open-source computational drug repositioning platform to gene expression data from 80 patient tumors and identify eight promising FDA-approved drugs with potential for repurposing in VS. Of these eight, mifepristone, a progesterone and glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, consistently and adversely affects the morphology, metabolic activity, and proliferation of primary human VS cells and HEI-193 human schwannoma cells. Mifepristone treatment reduces VS cell viability more significantly than cells derived from patient meningiomas, while healthy human Schwann cells remain unaffected. Our data recommend a Phase II clinical trial of mifepristone in VS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Sagers
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adam S Brown
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sasa Vasilijic
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rebecca M Lewis
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet I Sahin
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lukas D Landegger
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Department of Psychiatry and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Isaac S Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - D Bradley Welling
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Chirag J Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vera-Sirera B, Fernades-Ciacha L, Floria LM, Vera-Sempere F. Palatal ancient schwannoma: optical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study with literature review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:4195-4202. [PMID: 28975399 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schwannoma or neurilemmoma is a benign encapsulated slow-growing tumor that originates from a Schwann cell of a nerve, and is rare at intraoral locations. Different histological variants of schwannomas have been described, of these degenerative or ancient schwannoma is probably one of the least common in the oral cavity with only 16 previously reported cases, of which only one has been described in palatal location. Although ancient schwannoma shows particular characteristics, it is difficult to diagnose based on clinical and imaging appearance alone; as a result, morphological examination assisted by ancillary techniques is necessary to establish a definite diagnosis. We present a clinicopathological description of this rare variant of schwannoma, located in an unusual intraoral site, of a 26-year-old female. We illustrate the optical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization that aid diagnosis, as well as providing a review of the relevant published data of this unusual tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Fernades-Ciacha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis M Floria
- Department of Stomatology, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Vera-Sempere
- Department of Pathology, Valencia University and La Fe University Hospital, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, Torre A, 2ª Planta, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen R, Xiao A, Xing L, You C, Liu J. A rare thoracic intraspinal schwannoma in twin pregnancy with aggravated clinical presence: A case report following CARE. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6327. [PMID: 28296753 PMCID: PMC5369908 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This is the first case report about a thoracic intraspinal schwannoma in twin pregnancy with aggressive clinical presentation. CLINICAL PRESENCE AND DIAGNOSES A 21-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of back pain and slight lower extremity numbness and weakness, and her symptoms were misdiagnosed as normal reactions to pregnancy until she progressed to complete paralysis and incontinence within 2 weeks. She was then confirmed to have thoracic intraspinal schwannoma through MRI. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES Surgery was performed using a unilateral hemilaminectomy approach with a comfortable lateral position during operation. The patient exhibited significant improvements in sensation and muscle strength after surgery. She delivered 2 healthy baby girls by eutocia in her 38th week of pregnancy. LESSONS The diagnosis of this disease and the 4 possible mechanisms of its aggravated clinical presence are discussed. Intraspinal schwannomas during pregnancy are rare but may cause critical consequences for both the mother and the fetus. Timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment by obstetricians, anesthesiologists, surgeons, oncologists, and neonatologists are essential for the clinical management of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital
| | - Anqi Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital
| | - Lu Xing
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital
| | - Jiagang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Immunohistochemical Expression of Progesterone Receptors in Nonmeningothelial Central Nervous System Tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 25:439-444. [PMID: 26766127 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunostaining of progesterone receptors (PRs) has been described as a prognostic factor related to recurrences in meningiomas. However, its expression in other primary intracranial tumors has been poorly studied. In this paper, we compare the pattern of expression of the receptor in meningiomas with that of nonmeningothelial intracranial tumors to evaluate its value in the diagnosis of the former. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 42 nonmeningothelial intracranial tumors (21 glioblastomas, 4 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 4 oligodendrogliomas, 1 pilomyxoid astrocytoma, 3 ependymomas, 8 schwannomas, 1 chordoid chordoma) and 32 meningiomas (1 rhabdoid, 1 papillary, 5 atypical, 7 with histologic features of more aggressive behavior, 1 microcyst, 8 meningothelial, 7 transitional, 2 fibroblastic) were studied for PR by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS About 73.8% of the nonmeningothelial tumors and 100% of the meningiomas were positive for the receptor, the difference being statistically significant (P=0.0017). The mean percentage of positive tumor cells per high-power field was frequently higher than 30% in meningiomas and lower than 10% in nonmeningothelial tumors (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Although we detected that immunostaining for the PR is more frequently observed in meningiomas, we confirmed its expression in diverse nonmeningothelial primary intracranial tumors. Immunohistochemistry for PR would be useful in the diagnosis of meningioma only when its positivity shows a mean higher than 30% of the positive tumor cells per high-power field.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association of sex and age with presenting symptoms and size of vestibular schwannoma at clinical presentation to our clinics. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENTS Approximately 1,269 subjects diagnosed with unilateral vestibular schwannoma between 1997 and 2010. INTERVENTION Demographic information, tumor characteristics, and treatment strategy were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Tumor size, patient-reported presence of hearing loss or dizziness at presentation. RESULTS Male subjects had significantly larger tumors than female subjects at presentation (18.23 versus 16.81 mm, p = 0.031); this difference was particularly pronounced in patients younger than 40 years. Patient-reported symptoms at baseline also differed by sex: the prevalence of hearing loss was 95.1% in male subjects versus 90.3% in female subjects (p = 0.001), and the frequency of dizziness was 74.3% in female subjects versus 59.0% in male subjects (p<0.0001). In multivariate analyses, male subjects continued to have a borderline significant positive association with tumor size (p = 0.066) and were 2-fold more likely to have hearing loss (odds ratio [OR], 2.082; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.300-3.336) but half as likely to have dizziness (OR, 0.501; 95% CI, 0.387-0.649) than female subjects. Additionally, for every 1-mm increase in tumor size, patients were more likely to report hearing loss by 14.7% (OR, 1.147; 95% CI, 1.106-1.191) and dizziness by 2.8% (OR, 1.028; 95% CI, 1.016-1.041). CONCLUSION We observed significant sex differences in the presentation and size of unilateral vestibular schwannomas. As management and treatment strategies are predicated on presenting symptoms and patient factors, these observations merit further study to further understand tumor biology, improve risk stratification, and optimize tumor management.
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh A, Mishra AK, Ylaya K, Hewitt SM, Sharma KC, Saxena S. Wilms tumor-1, claudin-1 and ezrin are useful immunohistochemical markers that help to distinguish schwannoma from fibroblastic meningioma. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 18:383-9. [PMID: 21909685 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify immunohistochemical (IHC) markers that can reliably separate schwannoma (SCHW) and fibroblastic meningioma (FM). We selected 106 cases of intracranial SCHW (n = 56) and FM (n = 50) and constructed a tissue microarray (TMA) of core diameter of 1.0 mm from archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. A TMA-IHC was performed using 14 antibodies. After IHC staining, 98 cores were found suitable for evaluation. The IHC staining was scored as 0-2+ (0, negative; 1+, weak and/or focal 2+ strong and/or diffuse positive). A discriminant analysis (DA) (Wilks'Lambda test) was performed to assess the relative importance of these biomarkers in classifying the two groups FM and SCHW. It showed that WT-1 (Wilks'λ 0.085, p < 0.001), EMA (Wilks'λ 0.253, p < 0.001), S100 (Wilks'λ 0.487, p < 0.001), Claudin-1 (Wilks' λ 0.57, p < 0.001) and Ezrin (Wilks'λ 0.656, p < 0.001), SPARC (Wilks'λ 0.751, p < 0.01), NP-Y (Wilks'λ, 0.819, p < 0.001) and EGFR (Wilks'λ 0.845, p = 0.026) were some of the statistically significant markers that discriminated SCHW and FM. For sensitivity and specificity for SCHW the significant markers [Area under the curve (95% CI), p-value] by ROC analysis were WT-1 [0.990(0.000, 1.000), <0.001], S100 [0.880(0.808, 0.951), <0.001] while for diagnosing FM the most sensitive and specific markers were EMA [0.957(0.914, 1.000), <. 001], Claudin-1 [0.857(0.782, 0.932), <0.001] and ezrin [0.792(0.700,0.884),<0.001]. WT-1, Claudin-1 and Ezrin may be potentially useful immunohistochemical adjuncts to EMA and S100 that differentiate SCHW from FM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avninder Singh
- Safdarjung Hospital Campus, National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), Room 602, 6th floor, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS We hypothesize that vestibular schwannomas (VSs) exhibit up-regulation of estrogen receptor (ER) at the protein level compared with control great auricular nerve (GAN). BACKGROUND It has been reported in the literature that VS occur more commonly in women and tend to be larger and more vascular in women, and growth rate can accelerate during pregnancy. The literature contains widely divergent results on ER expression in VS, however, varying from no detectable levels to detection of ER in all samples. METHODS Sixteen sporadic VS specimens were immediately snap-frozen after microsurgical excision and analyzed for phosphorylated and total levels of ERα with Western blot analysis. ERα expression levels were normalized to actin; then, relative expression to GAN was determined. RESULTS All VS specimens exhibited expression of both phosphorylated and total ERα. Total ERα expression in VS is equivalent to or slightly up-regulated compared with GAN. VS specimens exhibited more pronounced up-regulation of phosphorylated (i.e., activated) levels of ERα compared with GAN. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that ERα expression in VS is equivalent to GAN. The phosphorylated form of the receptor is up-regulated compared with GAN, however, indicating a higher level of ERα activation in sporadic VS compared with normal nerve. Further investigation into antiestrogen therapy for VS is warranted.
Collapse
|
13
|
Park AL, Lin HK, Yang Q, Sing CW, Fan M, Mapstone TB, Gross NL, Gumerlock MK, Martin MD, Rabb CH, Fung KM. Differential expression of type 2 3α/type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C3) in tumors of the central nervous system. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2010; 3:743-754. [PMID: 21151387 PMCID: PMC2993224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C3, type 2 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSC)/ type 5 17β-HSD, is known to be involved in steroids, prostaglandins, and lipid aldehydes metabolism. The expression of AKR1C3 has been demonstrated in hormone-dependent normal tissues such as breast, endometrium, prostate, and testis; and de -regulated AKR1C3 expression has been shown in breast carcinoma, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma, and prostate carcinoma. AKR1C3 expression has also been demonstrated in hormone-independent normal tissues (renal tubules and urothelium) and neoplastic tissues (renal cell carcinoma, Wilm's tumor, and urothelial cell carcinoma). Extensive expression of AKR1C3 in normal and neoplastic as well as hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tissues indicates that AKR1C3 may have functions beyond steroid hormone metabolism. In this report, we describe a widespread expression of AKR1C3 in glial neoplasms and meningiomas, with limited expression in medulloblastoma and no expression in Schwannoma. These tumors, except meningioma, are not classically considered to be sex hormone-dependent or related brain tumors. The current results corroborate our earlier observations that AKR1C3 is expressed in both sex hormone-dependent and hormone-independent malignancies. Similar to AKR1C3 distribution in Wilm's tumor, we also demonstrate that expression of AKR1C3 is reduced in tumors with embryonic phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L Park
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Hsueh-Kung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
- Oklahoma City Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Chor Wing Sing
- Molecular Biotechnology Program, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Michael Fan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers UniversityPiscataway, NJ, 08854
| | - Timothy B Mapstone
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Naina L Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Mary K Gumerlock
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Michael D Martin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Craig H Rabb
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
- Oklahoma City Department of Veterans Affairs Medical CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma City, OK 73104
| |
Collapse
|