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Kuo KK, Jian SF, Li YJ, Wan SW, Weng CC, Fang K, Wu DC, Cheng KH. Epigenetic inactivation of transforming growth factor-β1 target gene HEYL, a novel tumor suppressor, is involved in the P53-induced apoptotic pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:782-93. [PMID: 25179429 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like (HEYL) protein was first identified as a transcriptional repressor. It is a downstream gene of the Notch and transforming growth factor-β pathways. Little is known about its role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Eighty surgically resected paired HCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were analyzed for HEYL expression by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). HCC cells were transfected with pHEYL-EGFP vector to overexpress the HEYL gene or infected with specific shHEYL lentiviral vector to silence HEYL gene expression. HEYL expressional analysis and functional characterization were assessed by 3-(4 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, western blotting and methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS We determined that HEYL expression was inactivated in more than 75% of HCC. In addition, overexpression of HEYL in SK-Hep 1 cells caused apoptosis by the cleavage of caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. We discovered that HEYL apoptosis was preceded by serine 15 phosphorylation and accumulation of P53. Molecular analysis revealed that HEYL overexpression led to increased p16, p19, p21, p27 and Bad protein expression, and reduced c-Myc, Bcl-2 and Cyclin B1 expression. Epigenetic silencing of HEYL expression by DNA hypermethylation in HCC directly correlated with loss of HEYL expression in HCC. CONCLUSION HEYL is frequently downregulated by promoter methylation in HCC. HEYL may be a tumor suppressor of liver carcinogenesis through upregulation of P53 gene expression and activation of P53-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Kai Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Jian
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jin Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Wan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - KuanTe Fang
- Department of Research and Development, Eternal Chemical, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Cheng
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Dong SY, Sun XN, Zeng Q, Xu Y, Sun J, Ma LH. Proteomic analysis of adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Clin Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Serum biomarkers identification by mass spectrometry in high-mortality tumors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2013; 2013:125858. [PMID: 23401773 PMCID: PMC3562576 DOI: 10.1155/2013/125858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer affects millions of people worldwide. Tumor mortality is substantially due to diagnosis at stages that are too late for therapies to be effective. Advances in screening methods have improved the early diagnosis, prognosis, and survival for some cancers. Several validated biomarkers are currently used to diagnose and monitor the progression of cancer, but none of them shows adequate specificity, sensitivity, and predictive value for population screening. So, there is an urgent need to isolate novel sensitive, specific biomarkers to detect the disease early and improve prognosis, especially in high-mortality tumors. Proteomic techniques are powerful tools to help in diagnosis and monitoring of treatment and progression of the disease. During the last decade, mass spectrometry has assumed a key role in most of the proteomic analyses that are focused on identifying cancer biomarkers in human serum, making it possible to identify and characterize at the molecular level many proteins or peptides differentially expressed. In this paper we summarize the results of mass spectrometry serum profiling and biomarker identification in high mortality tumors, such as ovarian, liver, lung, and pancreatic cancer.
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Wang X, Zhang MF, Xie J, Li ZL, Wang P. Behcet's Disease with Active Uveitis: Detection of Serum Protein Biomarkers Using MALDI-TOF-MS. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:1168-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ruan X, Kocher JPA, Pommier Y, Liu H, Reinhold WC. Mass homozygotes accumulation in the NCI-60 cancer cell lines as compared to HapMap Trios, and relation to fragile site location. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31628. [PMID: 22347499 PMCID: PMC3276511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) represents extended length of homozygotes on a long genomic distance. In oncology, it is known as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) if identified exclusively in cancer cell rather than in matched control cell. Studies have identified several genomic regions which show consistent ROH in different kinds of carcinoma. To query whether this consistency can be observed on broader spectrum, both in more cancer types and in wider genomic regions, we investigated ROH patterns in the National Cancer Institute 60 cancer cell line panel (NCI-60) and HapMap Caucasian healthy trio families. Using results from Affymetrix 500 K SNP arrays, we report a genome wide significant association of ROH regions between the NCI-60 and HapMap samples, with much a higher level of ROH (11 fold) in the cancer cell lines. Analysis shows that more severe ROH found in cancer cells appears to be the extension of existing ROH in healthy state. In the HapMap trios, the adult subgroup had a slightly but significantly higher level (1.02 fold) of ROH than did the young subgroup. For several ROH regions we observed the co-occurrence of fragile sites (FRAs). However, FRA on the genome wide level does not show a clear relationship with ROH regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Ruan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jean-Pierre A. Kocher
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HL); (WCR)
| | - William C. Reinhold
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HL); (WCR)
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Chen L, Ho DWY, Lee NPY, Sun S, Lam B, Wong KF, Yi X, Lau GK, Ng EWY, Poon TCW, Lai PBS, Cai Z, Peng J, Leng X, Poon RTP, Luk JM. Enhanced detection of early hepatocellular carcinoma by serum SELDI-TOF proteomic signature combined with alpha-fetoprotein marker. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:2518-25. [PMID: 20354800 PMCID: PMC2924503 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited in number and clinical validation. We applied SELDI-TOF-MS ProteinChip technology to identify serum profile for distinguishing HCC and liver cirrhosis (LC) and to compare the accuracy of SELDI-TOF-MS profile and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in HCC diagnosis. Patients and Methods Serum samples were obtained from 120 HCC and 120 LC patients for biomarker discovery and validation studies. ProteinChip technology was employed for generating SELDI-TOF proteomic features and analyzing serum proteins/peptides. Results A diagnostic model was established by CART algorithm, which is based on 5 proteomic peaks with m/z values at 3324, 3994, 4665, 4795, and 5152. In the training set, the CART algorithm could differentiate HCC from LC subjects with a sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 95%, respectively. The results were assessed in blind validation using separate cohorts of 60 HCC and 60 LC patients, with an accuracy of 83% for HCC and 92% for LC patients. The diagnostic odd ratio (DOR) indicated that SELDI-TOF proteomic signature could achieve better diagnostic performance than serum AFP level at a cutoff of 20 ng/mL (AFP20) (92.72 vs 9.11), particularly superior for early-stage HCC (87% vs 54%). Importantly, a combined use of both tests could enhance the detection of HCC (sensitivity, 95%; specificity, 98%; DOR, 931). Conclusion Serum SELDI-TOF proteomic signature, alone or in combination with AFP marker, promises to be a good tool for early diagnosis and/screening of HCC in at-risk population with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Xu SY, Liu Z, Ma WJ, Sheyhidin I, Zheng ST, Lu XM. New potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biomarkers 2009; 14:340-6. [PMID: 19552569 DOI: 10.1080/13547500902903055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the alterations of serum proteins in cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in order to screen and validate serum marker patterns for the diagnosis of ESCC in the high-risk populations of Xinjiang, China. METHODS The serum proteomic patterns of 188 cases, including 139 patients with ESCC (54 Uygur, 45 Kazakh and 40 Han subjects) and 49 sex- and age-matched healthy controls, were detected using the SELDI-TOF-MS (surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry) technology with the CM10 ProteinChip. Differences in protein peaks between patients with ESCC and controls were analysed using the Biomarker Pattern Software, and a primary diagnosis model of ESCC was developed and validated with SVM (support vector machines). This model was further evaluated by a large-scale blind test. RESULTS Two hundred and eighty-three protein peaks were detected within the molecular range of 0-20 kDa, among which, 140 peaks were significantly different between ESCC cases and controls (p < 0.05). A diagnostic pattern consisting of six protein peaks (m/z 5667, 5709, 5876, 5979, 6043 and 6102) was established with a sensitivity of 97.12% and a specificity of 83.87%. The large-scale blind test generated a sensitivity of 91.43% and a specificity of 88.89%. CONCLUSIONS The differential protein peaks analysed by SELDI-TOF-MS may contain promising serum biomarkers for screening ESCC. The diagnostic model which combined only six protein peaks had a satisfactory discriminatory power. The model should be further evaluated in other populations of ESCC patients and tested against controls. The nature and function of the discriminating proteins have yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yong Xu
- Medical Research Center, 1st Teaching Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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