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RPPA: Origins, Transition to a Validated Clinical Research Tool, and Next Generations of the Technology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1188:1-19. [PMID: 31820380 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9755-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
RPPA technology has graduated from a research tool to an essential component of clinical drug discovery research and personalized medicine. Next generations of RPPA technology will be a single clinical instrument that integrates all the steps of the workflow.
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Hellström C, Dodig-Crnković T, Hong MG, Schwenk JM, Nilsson P, Sjöberg R. High-Density Serum/Plasma Reverse Phase Protein Arrays. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1619:229-238. [PMID: 28674890 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7057-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In-depth exploration and characterization of human serum and plasma proteomes is an attractive strategy for the identification of potential prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. The possibility of analyzing larger numbers of samples in a high-throughput fashion has markedly increased with affinity-based microarrays, thus providing higher statistical power to these biomarker studies. Here, we describe a protocol for high-density serum and plasma reverse phase protein arrays (RPPAs). We demonstrate how a biobank of 12,392 samples was immobilized and analyzed on a single microarray slide, allowing high-quality profiling of abundant target proteins across all samples in one assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Hellström
- Affinity Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, SciLifeLab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, SE-17121, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tea Dodig-Crnković
- Affinity Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, SciLifeLab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, SE-17121, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- Affinity Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, SciLifeLab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, SE-17121, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, SciLifeLab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, SE-17121, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ronald Sjöberg
- Affinity Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, SciLifeLab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, SE-17121, Stockholm, Sweden
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Guo X, Deng Y, Zhu C, Cai J, Zhu X, Landry JP, Zheng F, Cheng X, Fei Y. Characterization of protein expression levels with label-free detected reverse phase protein arrays. Anal Biochem 2016; 509:67-72. [PMID: 27372609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA), one immobilizes complex samples (e.g., cellular lysate, tissue lysate or serum etc.) on solid supports and performs parallel reactions of antibodies with immobilized protein targets from the complex samples. In this work, we describe a label-free detection of RPPA that enables quantification of RPPA data and thus facilitates comparison of studies performed on different samples and on different solid supports. We applied this detection platform to characterization of phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT) expression levels in Acanthamoeba lysates treated with artemether and the results were confirmed by Western blot studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Guo
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photoelectron Platform, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yihong Deng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenggang Zhu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photoelectron Platform, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junlong Cai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - James P Landry
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Fengyun Zheng
- Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xunjia Cheng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Green Photoelectron Platform, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Kumar A, Baycin-Hizal D, Wolozny D, Pedersen LE, Lewis NE, Heffner K, Chaerkady R, Cole RN, Shiloach J, Zhang H, Bowen MA, Betenbaugh MJ. Elucidation of the CHO Super-Ome (CHO-SO) by Proteoinformatics. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4687-703. [PMID: 26418914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred host cell line for manufacturing a variety of complex biotherapeutic drugs including monoclonal antibodies. We performed a proteomics and bioinformatics analysis on the spent medium from adherent CHO cells. Supernatant from CHO-K1 culture was collected and subjected to in-solution digestion followed by LC/LC-MS/MS analysis, which allowed the identification of 3281 different host cell proteins (HCPs). To functionally categorize them, we applied multiple bioinformatics tools to the proteins identified in our study including SignalP, TargetP, SecretomeP, TMHMM, WoLF PSORT, and Phobius. This analysis provided information on the presence of signal peptides, transmembrane domains, and cellular localization and showed that both secreted and intracellular proteins were constituents of the supernatant. Identified proteins were shown to be localized to the secretory pathway including ones playing roles in cell growth, proliferation, and folding as well as those involved in protein degradation and removal. After combining proteins predicted to be secreted or having a signal peptide, we identified 1015 proteins, which we termed as CHO supernatant-ome (CHO-SO), or superome. As a part of this effort, we created a publically accessible web-based tool called GO-CHO to functionally categorize proteins found in CHO-SO and identify enriched molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components. We also used a tool to evaluate the immunogenicity potential of high-abundance HCPs. Among enriched functions were catalytic activity and structural constituents of the cytoskeleton. Various transport related biological processes, such as vesicle mediated transport, were found to be highly enriched. Extracellular space and vesicular exosome associated proteins were found to be the most enriched cellular components. The superome also contained proteins secreted from both classical and nonclassical secretory pathways. The work and database described in our study will enable the CHO community to rapidly identify high-abundance HCPs in their cultures and therefore help assess process and purification methods used in the production of biologic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.,Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institute of Health, Building 14A, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Deniz Baycin-Hizal
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC , 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Daniel Wolozny
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lasse Ebdrup Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark , DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California , San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Kelley Heffner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 733 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Robert N Cole
- Institute of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 733 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Joseph Shiloach
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institute of Health, Building 14A, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 400 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Michael A Bowen
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC , 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Reuterswärd P, Gantelius J, Andersson Svahn H. An 8 minute colorimetric paper-based reverse phase vertical flow serum microarray for screening of hyper IgE syndrome. Analyst 2015; 140:7327-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01013f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A reverse phase serum array with the capacity of simultaneous detection in 113 samples was developed and optimized for a vertical flow 8-minute colorimetric assay detecting IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Reuterswärd
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology
- Science for Life Laboratory
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Sweden
| | - Jesper Gantelius
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology
- Science for Life Laboratory
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Sweden
| | - Helene Andersson Svahn
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology
- Science for Life Laboratory
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Sweden
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Gahoi N, Ray S, Srivastava S. Array-based proteomic approaches to study signal transduction pathways: prospects, merits and challenges. Proteomics 2014; 15:218-31. [PMID: 25266292 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Very often dysfunctional aspects of various signalling networks are found to be associated with human diseases and disorders. The major characteristics of signal transduction pathways are specificity, amplification of the signal, desensitisation and integration, which is accomplished not solely, but majorly by proteins. Array-based profiling of protein-protein and other biomolecular interactions is a versatile approach, which holds immense potential for multiplex interactome mapping and provides an inclusive representation of the signal transduction pathways and networks. Protein microarrays such as analytical protein microarrays (antigen-antibody interactions, autoantibody screening), RP microarrays (interaction of a particular ligand with all the possible targets in cell), functional protein microarrays (protein-protein or protein-ligand interactions) are implemented for various applications, including analysis of protein interactions and their significance in signalling cascades. Additionally, successful amalgamation of the array-based approaches with different label-free detection techniques allows real-time analysis of interaction kinetics of multiple interaction events simultaneously. This review discusses the prospects, merits and limitations of different variants of array-based techniques and their promising applications for studying the modifications and interactions of biomolecules, and highlights the studies associated with signal transduction pathways and their impact on disease pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gahoi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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Amaya M, Baer A, Voss K, Campbell C, Mueller C, Bailey C, Kehn-Hall K, Petricoin E, Narayanan A. Proteomic strategies for the discovery of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for infectious diseases. Pathog Dis 2014; 71:177-89. [PMID: 24488789 PMCID: PMC7108530 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have developed numerous and elegant strategies to manipulate the host cell machinery to establish a productive infectious cycle. The interaction of viral proteins with host proteins plays an important role in infection and pathogenesis, often bypassing traditional host defenses such as the interferon response and apoptosis. Host–viral protein interactions can be studied using a variety of proteomic approaches ranging from genetic and biochemical to large‐scale high‐throughput technologies. Protein interactions between host and viral proteins are greatly influenced by host signal transduction pathways. In this review, we will focus on comparing proteomic information obtained through differing technologies and how their integration can be used to determine the functional aspect of the host response to infection. We will briefly review and evaluate techniques employed to elucidate viral–host interactions with a primary focus on Protein Microarrays (PMA) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) as potential tools in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. As many potential molecular markers and targets are proteins, proteomic profiling is expected to yield both clearer and more direct answers to functional and pharmacologic questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushimi Amaya
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
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Ayoglu B, Häggmark A, Neiman M, Igel U, Uhlén M, Schwenk JM, Nilsson P. Systematic antibody and antigen-based proteomic profiling with microarrays. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 11:219-34. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kim P, Liu X, Lee T, Liu L, Barham R, Kirkland R, Leesman G, Kuller A, Ybarrondo B, Ng SC, Singh S. Highly sensitive proximity mediated immunoassay reveals HER2 status conversion in the circulating tumor cells of metastatic breast cancer patients. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:75. [PMID: 22172159 PMCID: PMC3271991 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical benefits associated with targeted oncology agents are generally limited to subsets of patients. Even with favorable biomarker profiles, many patients do not respond or acquire resistance. Existing technologies are ineffective for treatment monitoring as they provide only static and limited information and require substantial amounts of tissue. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop methods that can profile potential therapeutic targets with limited clinical specimens during the course of treatment. Methods We have developed a novel proteomics-based assay, Collaborative Enzyme Enhanced Reactive-immunoassay (CEER) that can be used for analyzing clinical samples. CEER utilizes the formation of unique immuno-complex between capture-antibodies and two additional detector-Abs on a microarray surface. One of the detector-Abs is conjugated to glucose oxidase (GO), and the other is conjugated to Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP). Target detection requires the presence of both detector-Abs because the enzyme channeling event between GO and HRP will not occur unless both Abs are in close proximity. Results CEER was able to detect single-cell level expression and phosphorylation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER1) in breast cancer (BCa) systems. The shift in phosphorylation profiles of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and other signal transduction proteins upon differential ligand stimulation further demonstrated extreme assay specificity in a multiplexed array format. HER2 analysis by CEER in 227 BCa tissues showed superior accuracy when compared to the outcome from immunohistochemistry (IHC) (83% vs. 96%). A significant incidence of HER2 status alteration with recurrent disease was observed via circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis, suggesting an evolving and dynamic disease progression. HER2-positive CTCs were found in 41% (7/17) while CTCs with significant HER2-activation without apparent over-expression were found in 18% (3/17) of relapsed BCa patients with HER2-negative primary tumors. The apparent 'HER2 status conversion' observed in recurrent BCa may have significant implications on understanding breast cancer metastasis and associated therapeutic development. Conclusion CEER can be multiplexed to analyze pathway proteins in a comprehensive manner with extreme specificity and sensitivity. This format is ideal for analyzing clinical samples with limited availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Kim
- Department of Research & Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xinjun Liu
- Department of Research & Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tani Lee
- Department of Research & Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Research & Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Robert Barham
- Department of Research & Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Richard Kirkland
- Department of Research & Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Glen Leesman
- Department of Research & Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Anne Kuller
- Department of Research & Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Belen Ybarrondo
- Department of Research & Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shi-Chung Ng
- Department of Research & Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sharat Singh
- Department of Research & Development, Oncology, Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Ray S, Reddy PJ, Jain R, Gollapalli K, Moiyadi A, Srivastava S. Proteomic technologies for the identification of disease biomarkers in serum: advances and challenges ahead. Proteomics 2011; 11:2139-61. [PMID: 21548090 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Serum is an ideal biological sample that contains an archive of information due to the presence of a variety of proteins released by diseased tissue, and serum proteomics has gained considerable interest for the disease biomarker discovery. Easy accessibility and rapid protein changes in response to disease pathogenesis makes serum an attractive sample for clinical research. Despite these advantages, the analysis of serum proteome is very challenging due to the wide dynamic range of proteins, difficulty in finding low-abundance target analytes due to the presence of high-abundance serum proteins, high levels of salts and other interfering compounds, variations among individuals and paucity of reproducibility. Sample preparation introduces pre-analytical variations and poses major challenges to analyze the serum proteome. The label-free detection techniques such as surface plasmon resonance, microcantilever, few nanotechniques and different resonators are rapidly emerging for the analysis of serum proteome and they have exhibited potential to overcome few limitations of the conventional techniques. In this article, we will discuss the current status of serum proteome analysis for the biomarker discovery and address key technological advancements, with a focus on challenges and amenable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandipan Ray
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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Mueller C, Liotta LA, Espina V. Reverse phase protein microarrays advance to use in clinical trials. Mol Oncol 2010; 4:461-81. [PMID: 20974554 PMCID: PMC2981612 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individualizing cancer therapy for molecular targeted inhibitors requires a new class of molecular profiling technology that can map the functional state of the cancer cell signal pathways containing the drug targets. Reverse phase protein microarrays (RPMA) are a technology platform designed for quantitative, multiplexed analysis of specific phosphorylated, cleaved, or total (phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated) forms of cellular proteins from a limited amount of sample. This class of microarray can be used to interrogate tissue samples, cells, serum, or body fluids. RPMA were previously a research tool; now this technology has graduated to use in research clinical trials with clinical grade sensitivity and precision. In this review we describe the application of RPMA for multiplexed signal pathway analysis in therapeutic monitoring, biomarker discovery, and evaluation of pharmaceutical targets, and conclude with a summary of the technical aspects of RPMA construction and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Mueller
- George Mason University, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
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Walter JG, Stahl F, Reck M, Praulich I, Nataf Y, Hollas M, Pflanz K, Melzner D, Shoham Y, Scheper T. Protein microarrays: Reduced autofluorescence and improved LOD. Eng Life Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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13
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Wei BR, Hoover SB, Ross MM, Zhou W, Meani F, Edwards JB, Spehalski EI, Risinger JI, Alvord WG, Quiñones OA, Belluco C, Martella L, Campagnutta E, Ravaggi A, Dai RM, Goldsmith PK, Woolard KD, Pecorelli S, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF, Simpson RM. Serum S100A6 concentration predicts peritoneal tumor burden in mice with epithelial ovarian cancer and is associated with advanced stage in patients. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7670. [PMID: 19888321 PMCID: PMC2765613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the 5th leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. Five-year survival rates for early stage disease are greater than 94%, however most women are diagnosed in advanced stage with 5 year survival less than 28%. Improved means for early detection and reliable patient monitoring are needed to increase survival. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Applying mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we sought to elucidate an unanswered biomarker research question regarding ability to determine tumor burden detectable by an ovarian cancer biomarker protein emanating directly from the tumor cells. Since aggressive serous epithelial ovarian cancers account for most mortality, a xenograft model using human SKOV-3 serous ovarian cancer cells was established to model progression to disseminated carcinomatosis. Using a method for low molecular weight protein enrichment, followed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis, a human-specific peptide sequence of S100A6 was identified in sera from mice with advanced-stage experimental ovarian carcinoma. S100A6 expression was documented in cancer xenografts as well as from ovarian cancer patient tissues. Longitudinal study revealed that serum S100A6 concentration is directly related to tumor burden predictions from an inverse regression calibration analysis of data obtained from a detergent-supplemented antigen capture immunoassay and whole-animal bioluminescent optical imaging. The result from the animal model was confirmed in human clinical material as S100A6 was found to be significantly elevated in the sera from women with advanced stage ovarian cancer compared to those with early stage disease. CONCLUSIONS S100A6 is expressed in ovarian and other cancer tissues, but has not been documented previously in ovarian cancer disease sera. S100A6 is found in serum in concentrations that correlate with experimental tumor burden and with clinical disease stage. The data signify that S100A6 may prove useful in detecting and/or monitoring ovarian cancer, when used in concert with other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bih-Rong Wei
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shelley B. Hoover
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark M. Ross
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | | | - Jennifer B. Edwards
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth I. Spehalski
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John I. Risinger
- Anderson Cancer Institute, Memorial Health University Medical Center, Inc., Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - W. Gregory Alvord
- Data Management Services, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Octavio A. Quiñones
- Data Management Services, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Claudio Belluco
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Martella
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elio Campagnutta
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Ren-Ming Dai
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul K. Goldsmith
- Antibody and Protein Purification Unit, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Woolard
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Lance A. Liotta
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Emanuel F. Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - R. Mark Simpson
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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