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Mantey DS, Clendennen SL, Pasch KE, Loukas A, Perry CL. Marketing exposure and smokeless tobacco use initiation among young adults: A longitudinal analysis. Addict Behav 2019; 99:106014. [PMID: 31473570 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines the relationships between self-reported exposure to smokeless tobacco marketing and initiation/onset of smokeless tobacco use/susceptibility at 6-month follow-up, among a cohort of young adults in urban Texas. METHODS Participants were 3597 18-25 year old never smokeless tobacco users, attending 24 Texas two-year colleges and four-year universities. A multi-level, multivariate logistic regression model, accounting for school clustering, examined the impact of self-reported recall of smokeless tobacco marketing exposure at baseline and subsequent initiation of smokeless tobacco use. A subsample analysis of non-susceptible never users (n = 3097) examined the impact of self-reported exposure to smokeless tobacco marketing at baseline and onset of susceptibility to use smokeless tobacco. Both outcomes were assessed at 6-month follow-up. Baseline covariates included age, race/ethnicity, sex, two-/four-year institution, and other tobacco use. For the full analysis, susceptibility to use smokeless tobacco at baseline was included as a covariate. RESULTS From baseline to 6-month follow-up, 6.1% of never users initiated smokeless tobacco use (n = 219) and 7.0% of non-susceptible never users became susceptible to smokeless tobacco use (n = 221). Self-reported recall of smokeless tobacco marketing exposure at baseline was associated with initiation of smokeless tobacco (Adj OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.08-1.27) and onset of susceptibility to use smokeless tobacco (Adj OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.02-1.21) at 6-month follow-up, controlling for all covariates. CONCLUSIONS Findings build on previous research by demonstrating an association between recall of smokeless tobacco marketing and subsequent use. Findings are concerning given the 300% increase in smokeless tobacco marketing expenditures from 2006 to 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale S Mantey
- UTHealth School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA.
| | | | - Keryn E Pasch
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station D3700, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alexandra Loukas
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station D3700, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Cheryl L Perry
- UTHealth School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, USA
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Apollonio DE, Glantz SA. Marketing with tobacco pack onserts: a qualitative analysis of tobacco industry documents. Tob Control 2018; 28:274-281. [PMID: 29954860 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette packs are a form of advertising that distributes brand information wherever smokers go. In the 21st century, tobacco companies began using onserts on cigarette packs to communicate new advertising messages to smokers. METHODS We reviewed tobacco industry documents dated 1926 to 2017 to identify how the tobacco industry developed and used onserts in marketing and to serve the industry's political and legal objectives. RESULTS Onserts added to cigarette packs became a more cost-effective way for brands to market in the year 2000. Manufacturers then began studying them, finding that new messages were appealing, while repeated messages were ignored. By 2005, tobacco companies were using onserts to effectively communicate about new tobacco products and packaging changes. They also used repeated 'corporate responsibility' messages that were, according to the industry's own research, likely to be ignored. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco companies have expanded on cigarette pack-based advertising. Twenty-first century onserts simultaneously seek to increase sales using materials that are novel, attractive and provide independent value, while undercutting public health messages about the risks of tobacco use using materials that repeat over time and are comparatively unattractive. Health authorities can use this industry research to mandate onserts to communicate effective health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorie E Apollonio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stanton A Glantz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Jones DM, Majeed BA, Weaver SR, Sterling K, Pechacek TF, Eriksen MP. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Use, 2014-2016. Am J Health Behav 2017; 41:608-617. [PMID: 28760183 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.41.5.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether the prevalence of current use of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) changed during 2014-2016 and examine factors associated with use among adults in the United States (US). METHODS Data were obtained from Tobacco Products and Risk Perceptions Surveys of probability samples representative of US adults in 2014, 2015, and 2016. Change over time in current (past 30 day) STP use was examined using pairwise comparisons of proportions and multivariable logistic regression. Associated factors were examined using Rao-Scott χ2 and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of current STP use was higher in 2015 (3.6%) than in 2014 (2.3%, p < .001) and 2016 (2.7%, p = .018) among US adults. In 2016, current STP use was associated with being male, under age 60, currently using hookah or e-cigarettes, and having less than a college degree. Rates of use did not vary by cigarette smoking status, race/ethnicity, income, or metropolitan statistical area (MSA). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of current STP use peaked in 2015. In 2016, current STP use was more prevalent among males and adults with lower education. Continuous monitoring of STP use is needed, particularly non-cigarette tobacco product users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M. Jones
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA;,
| | - Ban A. Majeed
- Assistant Professor, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Scott R. Weaver
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kymberle Sterling
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Terry F. Pechacek
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael P. Eriksen
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
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Johnson Shen M, Banerjee S, Greene K, Carpenter A, Ostroff J. A Content Analysis of Unique Selling Propositions of Tobacco Print Ads. Am J Health Behav 2017; 41:194-203. [PMID: 28452697 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.41.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe the unique selling propositions (USPs) (propositions used to convince customers to use a particular brand/product by focusing on the unique benefit) of print tobacco ads. METHODS A qualitative content analysis was conducted of print tobacco ads (N = 171) selected from August 2012 to August 2013 for cigarettes, moist snuff, e-cigarettes, cigars, and snus to determine the content and themes of USPs for tobacco ads. RESULTS Cigarette ad USP themes focused on portraying the product as attractive; moist snuff ads focused on portraying product as masculine; cigar ads focused on selling a "high end product;" and new and emerging tobacco products (e-cigarette, snus) focused on directly comparing these products to cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS Whereas traditional tobacco product ads used USPs focused on themes of enjoyment and pleasure (eg, attractive for cigarettes, "high end product" for cigars), new and emerging tobacco product ads offered the unique benefit (USP) of their product being a better and "safer" alternative to traditional tobacco products. Snuff's USPs focused nearly exclusively on the masculinity of their products. Our results provide targets for potential tobacco regulatory actions that could be implemented to reduce demand for tobacco products by reducing their perceived unique benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Johnson Shen
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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The Effect of Comparatively-Framed versus Similarity-Framed E-Cigarette and Snus Print Ads on Young Adults' Ad and Product Perceptions. TOB REGUL SCI 2016; 2:214-229. [PMID: 28042597 DOI: 10.18001/trs.2.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the effects of comparative-framing [C-F; ads highlighting differences between the advertised product and conventional cigarettes and/or smokeless tobacco products] versus similarity-framing (S-F; ads highlighting congruence with conventional cigarettes and/or smokeless tobacco products) in e-cigarette and snus ads on young adult smokers' and non-smokers' ad- and product-related perceptions. METHODS One thousand fifty one (1,051) young adults (18-24 years; 76% women; 50% smokers) from existing consumer panels were recruited in a within-subjects quasi-experiment. Each participant viewed 4 online advertisements, varied by tobacco product type (e-cigarette or snus) and ad framing (C-F or S-F). The dependent measures for this study were ad-related (ad perceptions, ad credibility) and product-related perceptions (absolute and comparative risk perceptions, product appeal, and product use intentions). RESULTS Former and current smokers rated C-F ads as more persuasive than S-F ads, as evidenced by favorable ad perceptions and high product use intentions. Former and current smokers also rated e-cigarette ads with more favorable ad perceptions, low absolute and comparative risk perceptions, high product appeal, and high product use intentions as compared to snus ads. However, the effect sizes of the significant differences are less than.2, indicating small magnitude of difference between the study variables. CONCLUSIONS Unless FDA regulates e-cig and snus advertising, there is a potential of decreasing risk perceptions and increasing use of e-cigs among young adults. Further research on implicit/explicit comparative claims in e-cigarettes and snus advertisements that encourage risk misperceptions is recommended.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a descriptive and comparative content analysis of tobacco print magazine ads, with a focus on rhetorical and persuasive themes. METHODS Print tobacco ads for cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, moist snuff, and snus (N = 171) were content analyzed for the physical composition/ad format (e.g., size of ad, image, setting, branding, warning label) and the content of the ad (e.g., rhetorical themes, persuasive themes). RESULTS The theme of pathos (that elicits an emotional response) was most frequently utilized for cigarette (61%), cigar (50%), and moist snuff (50%) ads, and the theme of logos (use of logic or facts to support position) was most frequently used for e-cigarette (85%) ads. Additionally, comparative claims were most frequently used for snus (e.g., "spit-free," "smoke-free") and e-cigarette ads (e.g., "no tobacco smoke, only vapor," "no odor, no ash"). Comparative claims were also used in cigarette ads, primarily to highlight availability in different flavors (e.g., "bold," "menthol"). CONCLUSIONS This study has implications for tobacco product marketing regulation, particularly around limiting tobacco advertising in publications with a large youth readership and prohibiting false or misleading labels, labeling, and advertising for tobacco products, such as modified risk (unless approved by the FDA) or therapeutic claims.
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Rousu MC, O'Connor RJ, Bansal-Travers M, Pitcavage JM, Thrasher JF. The impact of free trial acceptance on demand for alternative nicotine products: evidence from experimental auctions. Harm Reduct J 2015; 12:18. [PMID: 26063180 PMCID: PMC4468811 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-015-0052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the relationship between product trials and consumer demand for alternative nicotine products (ANP). METHODS An experimental auction was conducted with 258 adult smokers, wherein participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. The participants received the opportunity to try, but did not have to accept, one of three relatively novel ST products (i.e., snus, dissolvable tobacco, or medicinal nicotine), or they were placed into a control group (i.e., no trial). All the participants then bid on all three of these products, as well as on cigarettes. We assessed interest in using ANP based on both trial of the product and bids placed for the products in the experimental auction. RESULTS Fewer smokers were willing to try snus (44%) than dissolvable tobacco (64%) or medicine nicotine (68%). For snus, we find modest evidence suggesting that willingness to try is associated with greater demand for the product. For dissolvable tobacco or medicinal nicotine, we find no evidence that those who accept the product trial have higher demand for the product. CONCLUSIONS Free trials of a novel ANP were not strongly associated with product demand, as assessed by willingness to pay. Given the debate over the potential for ANP to reduce the harm from smoking, these results are important in understanding the impact of free trial offers on adoption of ST product as a strategy to reduce harm from tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Rousu
- Susquehanna University, 514 University Ave, Selinsgrove, PA, 17870, USA.
| | - Richard J O'Connor
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| | | | | | - James F Thrasher
- University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Liu ST, Nemeth JM, Klein EG, Ferketich AK, Kwan MP, Wewers ME. Risk perceptions of smokeless tobacco among adolescent and adult users and nonusers. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015; 20:599-606. [PMID: 25832126 PMCID: PMC4491912 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1012237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent growth in smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption has raised questions about consumer risk perceptions of ST products, especially in high-risk vulnerable populations. This qualitative study examined risk perceptions of ST among adolescent and adult users and nonusers in Ohio Appalachia. Focus groups and interviews were held with adolescents (n = 53; M age = 17 years) and adults (n = 63; M age = 34 years) from four Ohio Appalachian counties. Participants were asked about their perceptions of ST-related health risks, ST safety, and the relative safety of ST compared with cigarettes. Transcriptions were coded independently by two individuals. Overall, participants were knowledgeable about health problems from ST use (e.g., oral cancers, periodontal disease). Nearly all participants stated that ST use is not safe; however, there was disagreement about its relative safety. Some perceived all tobacco products as equally harmful; others believed that ST is safer than cigarettes for either the user or those around the user. Disagreements about ST relative safety may reflect mixed public health messages concerning the safety of ST. Comprehensive consumer messages about the relative safety of ST compared with cigarettes are needed. Messages should address the effect of ST on the health of the user as well as those exposed to the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry T Liu
- a Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion , The Ohio State University College of Public Health , Columbus , Ohio , USA
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Nasim A, Cobb CO, Blank M, Eissenberg T. Adolescent Former Cigarette Smokers’ Vulnerability to Other Tobacco Products. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2013.770378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Wang B, King BA, Corey CG, Arrazola RA, Johnson SE. Awareness and use of non-conventional tobacco products among U.S. students, 2012. Am J Prev Med 2014; 47:S36-52. [PMID: 25044194 PMCID: PMC4519346 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing diversity of the tobacco product landscape, including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), hookah, snus, and dissolvable tobacco products (dissolvables), raises concerns about the public health impact of these non-conventional tobacco products among youth. PURPOSE This study assessed awareness, ever use, and current use of non-conventional tobacco products among U.S. students in 2012, overall and by demographic and tobacco use characteristics. METHODS Data from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative survey of U.S. middle and high school students, were analyzed in 2013. Prevalence of awareness, ever use, and current use of e-cigarettes, hookah, snus, and dissolvables were calculated overall and by sex, school level, race/ethnicity, and conventional tobacco product use, including cigarettes, cigars, or smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip). RESULTS Overall, 50.3% of students were aware of e-cigarettes; prevalence of ever and current use of e-cigarettes was 6.8% and 2.1%, respectively. Awareness of hookah was 41.2% among all students, and that of ever and current use were 8.9% and 3.6%, respectively. Overall awareness; ever; and current use of snus (32%, 5.3%, 1.7%, respectively) and dissolvables (19.3%, 2.0%, 0.7%, respectively) were generally lower than those of e-cigarettes or hookah. Conventional tobacco product users were more likely to be aware of and to use non-conventional tobacco products. CONCLUSIONS Many U.S. students are aware of and use non-conventional tobacco products. Evidence-based interventions should be implemented to prevent and reduce all tobacco use among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguang Wang
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Brian A King
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Catherine G Corey
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - René A Arrazola
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah E Johnson
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland
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Liu ST, Nemeth JM, Klein EG, Ferketich AK, Kwan MP, Wewers ME. Adolescent and adult perceptions of traditional and novel smokeless tobacco products and packaging in rural Ohio. Tob Control 2014; 23:209-14. [PMID: 23047885 PMCID: PMC4491921 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As smokeless tobacco (ST) marketing increases and new products emerge on the market, very little is known about consumer perceptions of ST products. To inform development of future ST counter-marketing approaches, this qualitative study examined consumer perceptions of traditional and novel ST products and packaging. METHODS Focus groups and qualitative interviews were held with adolescent (n=23; mean age of 17 years) and adult (n=38; mean age of 29 years) male ST users from rural Ohio counties. Participants were shown a variety of traditional (eg, Copenhagen, Timber Wolf) and novel (eg, Camel Snus, Orbs) ST products and asked about perceptions of these products and their packaging. Transcriptions were coded independently for common themes by two individuals. FINDINGS Adolescents and adults generally had similar beliefs and reactions about ST products. While participants were familiar with a variety of traditional ST products, Copenhagen was the most frequently used product. Perceptions of quality and price of traditional products were closely tied to product taste and packaging material. Colours, design and size of ST packaging appealed to participants and influenced decisions to purchase. Adults believed novel ST products had a weak taste and were targeted at untraditional ST users. While the vast majority was unfamiliar with dissolvable tobacco, adolescents noted that they would be more convenient to use during school than traditional ST. CONCLUSIONS Packaging has a significant role in shaping perceptions of ST and consumer behaviour. Regulation of product packaging such as shape, size and images should be part of comprehensive tobacco control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry T. Liu
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Julianna M. Nemeth
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Klein
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy K. Ferketich
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Wewers
- Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Lee JGL, Henriksen L, Myers AE, Dauphinee AL, Ribisl KM. A systematic review of store audit methods for assessing tobacco marketing and products at the point of sale. Tob Control 2014; 23:98-106. [PMID: 23322313 PMCID: PMC3849332 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over four-fifths of reported expenditures for marketing tobacco products occur at the retail point of sale (POS). To date, no systematic review has synthesised the methods used for surveillance of POS marketing. This review sought to describe the audit objectives, methods and measures used to study retail tobacco environments. METHODS We systematically searched 11 academic databases for papers indexed on or before 14 March 2012, identifying 2906 papers. Two coders independently reviewed each abstract or full text to identify papers with the following criteria: (1) data collectors visited and assessed (2) retail environments using (3) a data collection instrument for (4) tobacco products or marketing. We excluded papers where limited measures of products and/or marketing were incidental. Two abstractors independently coded included papers for research aims, locale, methods, measures used and measurement properties. We calculated descriptive statistics regarding the use of four P's of marketing (product, price, placement, promotion) and for measures of study design, sampling strategy and sample size. RESULTS We identified 88 store audit studies. Most studies focus on enumerating the number of signs or other promotions. Several strengths, particularly in sampling, are noted, but substantial improvements are indicated in the reporting of reliability, validity and audit procedures. CONCLUSIONS Audits of POS tobacco marketing have made important contributions to understanding industry behaviour, the uses of marketing and resulting health behaviours. Increased emphasis on standardisation and the use of theory are needed in the field. We propose key components of audit methodology that should be routinely reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G. L. Lee
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa Henriksen
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Allison E. Myers
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda L. Dauphinee
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Kurt M. Ribisl
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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O'Connor RJ, June KM, Bansal-Travers M, Rousu MC, Thrasher JF, Hyland A, Cummings KM. Estimating demand for alternatives to cigarettes with online purchase tasks. Am J Health Behav 2014; 38:103-13. [PMID: 24034685 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.38.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore how advertising affects demand for cigarettes and potential substitutes, including snus, dissolvable tobacco, and medicinal nicotine. METHODS A Web-based experiment randomized 1062 smokers to see advertisements for alternative nicotine products or soft drinks, then complete a series of purchase tasks, which were used to estimate demand elasticity, peak consumption, and cross-price elasticity (CPE) for tobacco products. RESULTS Lower demand elasticity and greater peak consumption were seen for cigarettes compared to all alternative products (p < .05). CPE did not differ across the alternative products (p ≤ .03). Seeing relevant advertisements was not significantly related to demand. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest significantly lower demand for alternative nicotine sources among smokers than previously revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J O'Connor
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Wolfson M, Pockey JR, Reboussin BA, Sutfin EL, Egan KL, Wagoner KG, Spangler JG. First-year college students' interest in trying dissolvable tobacco products. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 134:309-313. [PMID: 24309296 PMCID: PMC4064364 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dissolvable tobacco products (DTPs) have been introduced into test markets in the U.S. We sought to gauge the level of interest in trying these products and correlates of interest among potential consumers. METHODS A web-based survey of freshman at 11 universities in North Carolina and Virginia was conducted in fall 2010. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify correlates of students' likelihood to try DTPs if offered a free sample. RESULTS Weighted prevalence of likelihood to try DTPs was 3.7%. Significant correlates of likelihood to try included male gender, current cigarette smoking, current snus use, sensation seeking, lifetime illicit drug use, and perceived health risk of using DTPs. Among current smokers, current snus use, current use of chewing tobacco, and considering quitting smoking were associated with likelihood to try DTPs. CONCLUSIONS While overall interest in trying these products was low, current users of cigarettes and snus were much more likely than others in trying a free sample. Some current smokers may consider DTPs to be an aid to smoking cessation, although the population-level impact of introducing these products is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wolfson
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | | | - Beth A. Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Erin L. Sutfin
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Kathleen L. Egan
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Kimberly G. Wagoner
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - John G. Spangler
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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Romito L, Saxton MK. Impact of promotions on awareness, trial, and likelihood of trial of new dissolvable tobacco. Am J Health Promot 2013; 28:251-8. [PMID: 23941097 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.120926-quan-469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine test market awareness and promotional effects of Camel dissolvable tobacco. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Indiana test market. SUBJECTS Stratified sample of Indiana adults (N = 472). MEASURES Data were poststratified and weighted to account for the sampling and demographics. ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. RESULTS The study results indicate that 31.2% of participants were aware of Camel Dissolvables, 4.5% had tried them, and 8.3% were likely to try them. Tobacco use was a significant predictor of all outcomes; dual (cigarettes and smokeless tobacco) users were more likely to be familiar with, try, and be interested in trying Camel Dissolvables than single tobacco users and nonusers (p < .05). Male gender was a significant predictor only for likelihood of trial (p < .05). Education was a significant predictor only of actual trial (p < .05). Familiarity was predicted by in-store, magazine, and mail promotions. Trial was predicted by having seen magazine ads. Web site exposure predicted likelihood of trial. Of those who reported trying Camel Dissolvables (N = 37), 49% no longer used them, 43% used them some days, and 8% used them daily. Continued use was reported by 87% of dual users and 26% of single tobacco users (p < .01). CONCLUSION Smokers and male dual tobacco users appear most affected by Camel Dissolvables promotions.
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Rath JM, Villanti AC, Abrams DB, Vallone DM. Patterns of tobacco use and dual use in US young adults: the missing link between youth prevention and adult cessation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 2012:679134. [PMID: 22666279 PMCID: PMC3361253 DOI: 10.1155/2012/679134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Few studies address the developmental transition from youth tobacco use uptake to regular adulthood use, especially for noncigarette tobacco products. The current study uses online panel data from the Legacy Young Adult Cohort Study to describe the prevalence of cigarette, other tobacco product, and dual use in a nationally representative sample of young adults aged 18-34 (N = 4,201). Of the 23% of young adults who were current tobacco users, 30% reported dual use. Ever use, first product used, and current use were highest for cigarettes, cigars, little cigars, and hookah. Thirty-two percent of ever tobacco users reported tobacco product initiation after the age of 18 and 39% of regular users reported progressing to regular use during young adulthood. This study highlights the need for improved monitoring of polytobacco use across the life course and developing tailored efforts for young adults to prevent progression and further reduce overall population prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Rath
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Legacy, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
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