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Huang S, Bian Y, Huang C, Miao L. Is Monitoring of the Intracellular Active Metabolite Levels of Nucleobase and Nucleoside Analogs Ready for Precision Medicine Applications? Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:761-775. [PMID: 35915365 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-022-00786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleobase and nucleoside analogs (NAs) play important roles in cancer therapy. Although there are obvious individual differences in NA treatments, most NAs lack direct relationships between their plasma concentration and efficacy or adverse effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that the intracellular active metabolite levels of NAs predict patient outcomes. This article reviewed the relationships between NA intracellular active metabolite levels and their efficacy or adverse effects. The factors affecting the formation of intracellular active metabolites and combination regimens that elevate intracellular active metabolite levels were also reviewed. Given the mechanism of NA cytotoxicity, NA intracellular active metabolite levels may be predictive of clinical outcomes. Many clinical studies support this hypothesis. Therefore, the monitoring of intracellular active metabolite levels is beneficial for individualized NA treatment. However, to perform clinical monitoring in practice, well-designed studies are needed to explore the optimal threshold or range and the appropriate regimen adjustment strategies based on these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenjia Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yicong Bian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenrong Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Liyan Miao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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2
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RRM1 Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker for Unresectable or Recurrent Biliary Tract Cancer Treated with Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204652. [PMID: 34682775 PMCID: PMC8538709 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) is regarded as a first-line treatment for patients with unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer (BTC). Several proteins including human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT1), deoxycytidine kinase (DCK), cytidine deaminase (CDA), and ribonucleotide reductase subunit 1 (RRM1) are known to be involved in gemcitabine uptake and metabolism. This study was aimed to identify the predictive and prognostic values of these biomarkers in patients who treated with GP for advanced BTC. Tumor samples were obtained from 34 patients with unresectable or recurrent BTC who were treated with GP between August 2015 and February 2018. Intratumoral expression of hENT1, DCK, CDA and RRM1 was determined by immunohistochemistry and analyzed for association with chemotherapy response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Median OS was significantly longer in the RRM1-negative group than in the RRM1-positive (9.9 months vs. 5.9 months, p = 0.037). Multivariate adjustment analyses also demonstrated RRM1 expression as an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients treated with GP chemotherapy. Increased intratumoral expression of RRM1 on immunohistochemical staining may be a biomarker predicting poor survival in patients with GP chemotherapy for advanced BTC. Large-scale well-predefined prospective research is needed to validate the utility of biomarkers in clinical practice.
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3
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Azizi AA, Lamarca A, McNamara MG, Valle JW. Chemotherapy for advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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4
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Vos LJ, Yusuf D, Lui A, Abdelaziz Z, Ghosh S, Spratlin JL, Mackey JR. Predictive and Prognostic Properties of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 Expression in Gemcitabine-Treated Pancreatobiliary Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:1-22. [DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gemcitabine, the primary drug for the treatment of pancreatobiliary cancer (PBC), requires human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) to enter cells. High tumoral hENT1 expression has been linked with improved survival among patients with PBC treated with gemcitabine; however, this finding has been inconsistent, and studies used different expression assays. Methods Databases were reviewed for studies that examined hENT1 and clinical outcome in PBC. Of 307 publications, 34 studies were found that used immunohistochemistry (IHC) with one of eight anti–hENT1 antibody assays. Five studies were excluded for redundancy, and 29 studies underwent detailed review. Results On average, 51% of tumor samples had high hENT1 expression (range, 7% to 92%). Among studies that examined hENT1 expression and overall survival (OS), 58% (15 of 26 studies) showed an association between high tumoral hENT1 and improved OS for gemcitabine-treated patients. Among 10D7G2 antibody studies, 88% (seven of eight studies) demonstrated this association. Studies with other antibodies—in particular, SP120 (two of nine studies)—were less consistent. The ability to detect an association between improved OS and high hENT1 was antibody dependent (χ2 P = .0237). An association between high tumoral hENT1 expression and improved disease-free/progression-free survival (DFS/PFS) was demonstrated in 71% of studies (15 of 21 studies). Pooled hazard ratio (HR) analyses of all antibody studies demonstrated a link between high hENT1 tumor expression and improved OS (HR, 0.674; 95% CI, 0.509 to 0.893; P = .006) and DFS/PFS (HR, 0.740; 95% CI, 0.517 to 0.1.059; P = .10). This signal was stronger among studies that used the 10D7G2 antibody in comparison to those in which another antibody was used, with HRs of 0.488 (95% CI, 0.396 to 0.602; P < .001) and 0.410 (95% CI, 0.280 to 0.599; P < .001), respectively. Conclusion High tumoral hENT1 expression on IHC with 10D7G2 is a strong and reproducible prognostic marker for improved outcome among gemcitabine-treated patients with PBC.
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Xie CY, Wang Q, Li G, Fan Z, Wang H, Wu X. Dietary supplement with nucleotides in the form of uridine monophosphate or uridine stimulate intestinal development and promote nucleotide transport in weaned piglets. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6108-6113. [PMID: 31177538 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleotides are key constituents of milk, where they are utilized in cell replication, although there are limited studies for weaned piglets. This study evaluated the effects of uridine monophosphate (UMP) with uridine (UR) feed supplementation on the intestinal development and nucleotide transport in weaned piglets. RESULTS Supplementation with UMP significantly increased (P < 0.05) plasma glucose, and UR supplementation significantly reduced (0.05 < P < 0.10) the plasma total cholesterol (TC) of piglets when compared with that of the control group, although non-significant difference (P > 0.05) in growth performance was observed among three groups. Piglets fed supplementary UR exhibited greater (P < 0.05) crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum when compared with those in the supplementary UMP and control groups. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results revealed that UR supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the relative mRNA levels of genes encoding the transmembrane proteins ZO-1 and occludin in the duodenum mucosa, and ZO-1 in the jejunum mucosa (P < 0.05). Similarly, UR supplementation increased (P < 0.05) expression of solute carriers SLC28A1 and SLC29A1 in the duodenum mucosa. Conversely, claudin-1 expression in the duodenum mucosa was inhibited (P < 0.05) by dietary supplementation with UMP or UR. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data indicated that dietary supplementation with UMP or UR was conducive to stimulating intestinal development and promoting nucleotide transport in weaned piglets. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Xie
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Guanya Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Meiya Hai'an Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hai'an, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
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6
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Prognostic immunohistochemical biomarkers of chemotherapy efficacy in biliary tract cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 141:82-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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7
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Kulsoom B, Shamsi TS, Afsar NA. Gene expression of hENT1, dCK, CDA, dCMPD and topoisomerase IIα as an indicator of chemotherapy response in AML treated with cytarabine and daunorubicin. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5573-5589. [PMID: 30519105 PMCID: PMC6235003 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s181299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute myeloid leukemia patients are commonly treated with cytarabine (Ara-C) and anthracyclines but the sustained remission rate is not very promising. We explored the role of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the therapeutic response. Patients and methods Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples of 90 newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients treated with standard 3+7 regimen were analyzed through real-time PCR for expression of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, deoxycytidine kinase, cytidine deaminase (CDA), deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase (dCMPD) and topoisomerase IIα (Topo-IIa). The expression of these markers was studied in relationship with good (persistent remission) and poor therapeutic response (relapse/resistance). Results High Topo-IIa expression in peripheral blood was associated with good response (P=0.006). Relapse was higher among low expressors of Topo-IIa in peripheral blood (OR: 26.25). Bone marrow Topo-IIa expression followed a similar trend but did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, patients with high bone marrow dCMPD expression had poor response (OR: 3; P=0.043). One-year disease-free survival (DFS) was better among those with high bone marrow Topo-IIa (P=0.04) or CDA (P=0.03) expression. High bone marrow Topo-IIa expression also had better DFS at 6 months (P=0.04) and at 12 months (P=0.04). Conclusion High expression of Topo-IIa in peripheral blood is a favorable indicator of persistent remission, good therapeutic response and DFS. High dCMPD and low CDA expression in bone marrow is associated with poor therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Kulsoom
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan, .,Department of Biochemistry, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan,
| | - Tahir Sultan Shamsi
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan,
| | - Nasir Ali Afsar
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
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8
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Henning JEK, Deutschbein T, Altieri B, Steinhauer S, Kircher S, Sbiera S, Wild V, Schlötelburg W, Kroiss M, Perotti P, Rosenwald A, Berruti A, Fassnacht M, Ronchi CL. Gemcitabine-Based Chemotherapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Multicenter Study of Efficacy and Predictive Factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4323-4332. [PMID: 29092062 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rare and confers an unfavorable prognosis in advanced stages. Other than combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, etoposide, doxorubicin, and mitotane, the second- and third-line regimens are not well-established. Gemcitabine (GEM)-based chemotherapy was suggested in a phase 2 clinical trial with 28 patients. In other solid tumors, human equilibrative nucleoside transporter type 1 (hENT1) and/or ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1 (RRM1) expression have been associated with resistance to GEM. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of GEM-based chemotherapy in ACC in a real-world setting and the predictive role of molecular parameters. DESIGN Retrospective multicenter study. SETTING Referral centers of university hospitals. PATIENTS AND MATERIALS A total of 145 patients with advanced ACC were treated with GEM-based chemotherapy (132 with concomitant capecitabine). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor material was available for 70 patients for immunohistochemistry. OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures were progression-free survival (PFS) and an objective response to GEM-based chemotherapy. The secondary objective was the predictive role of hENT1 and RRM1. RESULTS The median PFS for the patient population was 12 weeks (range, 1 to 94). A partial response or stable disease was achieved in 4.9% and 25.0% of cases, with a median duration of 26.8 weeks. Treatment was generally well tolerated, with adverse events of grade 3 or 4 occurring in 11.0% of cases. No substantial effect of hENT1 and/or RRM1 expression was observed in response to GEM-based chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS GEM-based chemotherapy is a well-tolerated, but modestly active, regimen against advanced ACC. No reliable molecular predictive factors could be identified. Owing to the scarce alternative therapeutic options, GEM-based chemotherapy remains an important option for salvage treatment for advanced ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E K Henning
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Timo Deutschbein
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Sonja Steinhauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Silviu Sbiera
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Vanessa Wild
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Wiebke Schlötelburg
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Paola Perotti
- Division of Internal Medicine I, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Turin 10124, Italy
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia 25151, Italy
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97070, Germany
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Urtasun N, Boces-Pascual C, Boix L, Bruix J, Pastor-Anglada M, Pérez-Torras S. Role of drug-dependent transporter modulation on the chemosensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90185-90196. [PMID: 29163820 PMCID: PMC5685741 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies with limited therapeutic options. Curative therapy is limited to surgery whereas chemotherapy treatments are the election option for unresectable or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine is the reference chemotherapy regimen, albeit the contribution to the median overall survival barely reaches one year. Drug transporters are undoubtedly a limiting step for drug bioavailability and have been clearly related to chemoresistance. Several members of the SoLute Carrier (SLC) superfamily involved in the uptake of anticancer drugs used to treat cholangiocarcinoma are downregulated in these tumors. This study shows the increase in the expression of specific drug transporters exerted by cisplatin treatment thereby enhancing their transport activity. Combination treatments of cisplatin with selected drugs as gemcitabine and sorafenib take in by these transporters at the desired combination schedule induced synergy. These data support the concept that proper administration pattern could favor treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Urtasun
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (MPET), Section Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Oncology Program, CIBER ehd, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Boces-Pascual
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (MPET), Section Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loreto Boix
- Oncology Program, CIBER ehd, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Oncology Program, CIBER ehd, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marçal Pastor-Anglada
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (MPET), Section Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Oncology Program, CIBER ehd, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez-Torras
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (MPET), Section Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Oncology Program, CIBER ehd, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Nishio K, Kimura K, Amano R, Nakata B, Yamazoe S, Ohira G, Miura K, Kametani N, Tanaka H, Muguruma K, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. Doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 as an independent prognostic factor in patients with resected pancreatic carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5764-5772. [PMID: 28883702 PMCID: PMC5569291 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i31.5764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the effect of expression of doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 (DCLK1) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
METHODS Tumor specimens were obtained from 136 patients with pancreatic cancer who had undergone resection without preoperative therapy between January 2000 and December 2013 at the Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University. The resected specimens were analyzed for associations with clinicopathological data, including DCLK1 expression, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression, and cancer stem cell (CSC) marker expression. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed and we assessed the association between DCLK1 expression and clinicopathological factors, including the EMT marker and CSC marker.
RESULTS In total, 48.5% (66/136) of the pancreatic cancer samples were positive for DCLK1. Patients with DCLK1-positive tumors had significantly shorter survival times than those with DCLK1-negative tumors (median, 18.7 mo vs 49.5 mo, respectively; P < 0.0001). Positive DCLK1 expression correlated with histological grade (P = 0.0290), preoperative CA19-9 level (P = 0.0060), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression (P = 0.0235), and the triple-positive expression of CD44/CD24/EpCAM (P = 0.0139). On univariate survival analysis, five factors were significantly associated with worse overall survival: histological grade of G2 to G4 (P = 0.0091), high preoperative serum SPan-1 level (P = 0.0034), R1/2 (P < 0.0001), positive expression of DCLK1 (P < 0.0001) or CD44 (P = 0.0245). On multivariate survival analysis, R1/2 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.019, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.380-2.933; P = 0.0004] and positive DCLK1 expression (OR = 1.848, 95%CI: 1.2854-2.661; P = 0.0009) were independent prognostic factors.
CONCLUSION DCLK1 expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor and it may play a crucial prognostic role by promoting acquisition of stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nishio
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Amano
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Bunzo Nakata
- Department of Surgery, Kashiwara Municipal Hospital, Kashiwara City, Osaka 582-0005, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Yamazoe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Go Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kotaro Miura
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Naoki Kametani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuya Muguruma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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11
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Miura K, Kimura K, Amano R, Yamazoe S, Ohira G, Nishio K, Kametani N, Hirakawa K, Ohira M. Analysis of the origin of anaplastic pancreatic cancer and the mechanism of its dedifferentiation. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2017; 24:176-184. [PMID: 28064441 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We researched the origin and progression of anaplastic pancreatic cancer (APC) from the viewpoints of cell lineage, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem-like cells (CSC). METHODS Using specimens from patients with APC and differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), expression of sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9), E-cadherin, vimentin, ZEB1, Snail, N-cadherin, CD24 and CD44 was estimated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Almost all cases were positive for SOX9 expression. APC cases were negative, but many PDAC cases were positive for the expression of E-cadherin. A much higher number of APC cases than PDAC cases were positive for the expression of other EMT related proteins and for the expression of CSC related proteins. The ductal cancerous component of APC accounted for an average of 12% of the cancerous lesion and the expression of each marker in this component was similar to that of PDAC cases. CONCLUSIONS Anaplastic pancreatic cancer had pancreatic duct cell like features and might gain dedifferentiate components through EMT and the acquisition of CSC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Miura
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Amano
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Yamazoe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Go Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishio
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kametani
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosei Hirakawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Candelaria M, Corrales-Alfaro C, Gutiérrez-Hernández O, Díaz-Chavez J, Labardini-Méndez J, Vidal-Millán S, Herrera LA. Expression Levels of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 and Deoxycytidine Kinase Enzyme as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Cytarabine. Chemotherapy 2016; 61:313-8. [PMID: 27119162 DOI: 10.1159/000445370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytarabine (Ara-C) is the primary drug in different treatment schemas for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and requires the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) to enter cells. The deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) enzyme limits its activation rate. Therefore, decreased expression levels of these genes may influence the response rate to this drug. METHODS AML patients without previous treatment were enrolled. The expression of hENT1 and dCK genes was analyzed using RT-PCR. Clinical parameters were registered. All patients received Ara-C + doxorubicin as an induction regimen (7 + 3 schema). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors that influenced response and survival. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients were included from January 2011 until December 2012. Median age was 36.5 years. All patients had an adequate performance status (43% with ECOG 1 and 57% with ECOG 2). Cytogenetic risk was considered unfavorable in 54% of the patients. Complete response was achieved in 53.8%. Cox regression analysis showed that a higher hENT1 expression level was the only factor that influenced response and survival. CONCLUSIONS These results highly suggest that the pharmacogenetic analyses of Ara-C influx may be decisive in AML patients.
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13
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Brandi G, Deserti M, Vasuri F, Farioli A, Degiovanni A, Palloni A, Frega G, Barbera MA, de Lorenzo S, Garajova I, Di Marco M, Pinna AD, Cescon M, Cucchetti A, Ercolani G, D'Errico-Grigioni A, Pantaleo MA, Biasco G, Tavolari S. Membrane Localization of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 in Tumor Cells May Predict Response to Adjuvant Gemcitabine in Resected Cholangiocarcinoma Patients. Oncologist 2016; 21:600-7. [PMID: 27032872 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of gemcitabine as an adjuvant modality for cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is increasing, but limited data are available on predictive biomarkers of response. Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT-1) is the major transporter involved in gemcitabine intracellular uptake. This study investigated the putative predictive role of hENT-1 localization in tumor cells of CC patients undergoing treatment with adjuvant gemcitabine. METHODS Seventy-one consecutive patients with resected CC receiving adjuvant gemcitabine at our center were retrospectively analyzed by immunohistochemistry for hENT-1 localization in tumor cells. The main outcome measure was disease-free survival (DFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) of relapse and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained from proportional hazards regression models stratified on quintiles of propensity score. RESULTS Twenty-three (32.4%) cases were negative for hENT-1, 22 (31.0%) were positive in the cytoplasm only, and 26 (36.6%) showed concomitant cytoplasm/membrane staining. Patients with membrane hENT-1 had a longer DFS (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.24-0.99, p = .046) than those who were negative or positive only in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Notably, the association between DFS and membrane hENT-1 was dependent on the number of gemcitabine cycles (one to two cycles: HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.34-2.68; three to four cycles: HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.34-2.90; five to six cycles: HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10-0.77). CONCLUSION hENT-1 localization on tumor cell membrane may predict response to adjuvant gemcitabine in CC patients receiving more than four cycles of chemotherapy. Further prospective randomized trials on larger populations are required to confirm these preliminary results, so that optimal gemcitabine-based chemotherapy may be tailored for CC patients in the adjuvant setting. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Gemcitabine is becoming an increasingly used adjuvant modality in cholangiocarcinoma (CC), but limited data are available on predictive biomarkers of response. In this study, patients receiving more than four cycles of adjuvant gemcitabine and harboring Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT-1, the major transporter involved in gemcitabine intracellular uptake) on tumor cell membrane had a longer disease-free survival compared with patients negative or positive for hENT-1 only in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Overall these results may lay the basis for further prospective randomized trials based on a larger population of patients and may prove useful for tailoring appropriate gemcitabine-based chemotherapy for CC patients in the adjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy "G. Prodi" Interdepartmental Center for Cancer Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marzia Deserti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- "F. Addarii" Institute of Oncology and Transplantation Pathology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Farioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Degiovanni
- "F. Addarii" Institute of Oncology and Transplantation Pathology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Palloni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Frega
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria A Barbera
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania de Lorenzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ingrid Garajova
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Di Marco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio D Pinna
- Division of Surgery and Transplantation, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Division of Surgery and Transplantation, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cucchetti
- Division of Surgery and Transplantation, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ercolani
- Division of Surgery and Transplantation, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonietta D'Errico-Grigioni
- "F. Addarii" Institute of Oncology and Transplantation Pathology, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria A Pantaleo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Biasco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy "G. Prodi" Interdepartmental Center for Cancer Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Espinoza JA, García P, Bizama C, Leal JL, Riquelme I, Weber H, Macanas P, Aguayo G, Viñuela E, Roa JC, Nervi B. Low expression of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 is associated with poor prognosis in chemotherapy-naïve pT2 gallbladder adenocarcinoma patients. Histopathology 2015; 68:722-8. [PMID: 26266900 DOI: 10.1111/his.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) is the major transporter of the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine, the current therapy for advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC). ENT1 expression has been proposed as a predictive marker for gemcitabine-treated pancreatic cancer patients. The aim of study was to explore the value of ENT1 measurement in chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced GBC. MATERIALS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry for ENT1 was performed on 214 GBC samples from patients who had never undergone co-adjuvant or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Advanced GBC cases were divided into groups with low or high ENT1 expression. Kaplan-Meier tests were used for survival analyses. The Cox regression method was used to assess the association of ENT1 expression with overall survival (OS). Low ENT1 expression was associated with younger patient age (P = 0.03) and moderate-to-poor histological differentiation (P = 0.01). pT2 patients with low ENT1 expression had shorter median survival (17.3 versus 28.7 months) and lower OS (17.3% versus 33.3%, P < 0.05) than patients with high ENT1 expression. Low ENT1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS ENT1 is a prognostic marker for pT2 GBC patients. Additional studies are needed to determine whether ENT1 has predictive value for gemcitabine response in GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Espinoza
- Department of Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC Centre for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC Centre for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC Centre for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L Leal
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, CEGIN-BIOREN, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, CEGIN-BIOREN, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia Macanas
- UC Centre for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Haematology and Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria Aguayo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Dr Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Viñuela
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Hospital Dr Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Roa
- Department of Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC Centre for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruno Nervi
- UC Centre for Investigational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Haematology and Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Pastor-Anglada M, Pérez-Torras S. Nucleoside transporter proteins as biomarkers of drug responsiveness and drug targets. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:13. [PMID: 25713533 PMCID: PMC4322540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside and nucleobase analogs are currently used in the treatment of solid tumors, lymphoproliferative diseases, viral infections such as hepatitis and AIDS, and some inflammatory diseases such as Crohn. Two gene families are implicated in the uptake of nucleosides and nucleoside analogs into cells, SCL28 and SLC29. The former encodes hCNT1, hCNT2, and hCNT3 proteins. They translocate nucleosides in a Na+ coupled manner with high affinity and some substrate selectivity, being hCNT1 and hCNT2 pyrimidine- and purine-preferring, respectively, and hCNT3 a broad selectivity transporter. SLC29 genes encode four members, being hENT1 and hENT2 the only two which are unequivocally implicated in the translocation of nucleosides and nucleobases (the latter mostly via hENT2) at the cell plasma membrane. Some nucleoside-derived drugs can also interact with and be translocated by members of the SLC22 gene family, particularly hOCT and hOAT proteins. Inter-individual differences in transporter function and perhaps, more importantly, altered expression associated with the disease itself might modulate the transporter profile of target cells, thereby determining drug bioavailability and action. Drug transporter pharmacology has been periodically reviewed. Thus, with this contribution we aim at providing a state-of-the-art overview of the clinical evidence generated so far supporting the concept that these membrane proteins can indeed be biomarkers suitable for diagnosis and/or prognosis. Last but not least, some of these transporter proteins can also be envisaged as drug targets, as long as they can show “transceptor” functions, in some cases related to their role as modulators of extracellular adenosine levels, thereby providing a functional link between P1 receptors and transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marçal Pastor-Anglada
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona Spain ; Oncology Program, CIBER ehd, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez-Torras
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona Spain ; Oncology Program, CIBER ehd, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
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16
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Deng T, Pan H, Han R, Huang D, Li H, Zhou L, Wang X, Bai M, Li X, Liu R, Ge S, Ning T, Zhang L, Ba Y. Gemcitabine sensitivity factors, hENT1 and RRM1 as potential prognostic biomarker for advanced biliary tract cancer. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:5041-5049. [PMID: 25664003 PMCID: PMC4307450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biliary tract caner (BTC) is one of rare malignant disease with poor prognosis. Gemcitabine has been widely used as chemotherapeutic agent for advanced BTC treatment. Several molecules involved in gemcitabine metabolism, including human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1) and ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1), have been investigated as predictive biomarkers of chemotherapy efficacy. The aim of present study is to determine whether hENT1 and RRM1 could be used as the biomarkers to assess the efficacy of chemotherapy and predict survival in patients with advanced BTC. METHODS The analysis was performed on samples from 44 patients with unresectable or recurrent BTC who were treated with gemcitabine as first-line therapy. We determined levels of hENT1 and RRM1 with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Also, its prognostic and predictive role on tumor response and several clinical factors for survival were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier or Cox analysis. RESULTS The patients who were clinical benefit (partial response [PR] or stable disease [SD]) had high level of hENT1 (P = 0.046) and low level of RRM1 (P = 0.033). Moreover, hENT1 expression was a significant factor for progression free survival (PFS) (P = 0.005) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.048) in Cox univariate analysis. Also, hENT1 was an independent prognostic factor of OS based on Cox multivariate analysis (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The expression of hENT1 and RRM1 was associated with gemcitabine efficacy. hENT1 was one of reliable predictive marker of survival in patients with advanced BTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Rubing Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Dingzhi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Likun Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Tao Ning
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yi Ba
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy Tianjin 300060, China
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17
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Kamada M, Akiyoshi K, Akiyama N, Funamizu N, Watanabe M, Fujioka K, Ikeda KI, Manome Y. Cholangiocarcinoma cell line TK may be useful for the pharmacokinetic study of the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:829-34. [PMID: 24891233 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a disease with a poor prognosis. A human cholangiocarcinoma cell line, TK, was previously established to enable further understanding of the disease. We conducted this investigation to determine whether or not the TK line is useful for pharmacokinetic study of the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine (GEM). Along with the BXPC3 human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line, the sensitivity to and effects on the TK cell line of GEM were compared. The influence of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) transduction was also comparatively investigated. The effects of GEM in terms of drug sensitivity of the TK cell line, cell cycle and levels of transcripts of key enzymes were comparable to the BXPC3 cell line. Responses to the drug were similar in both cell lines. In contrast to pancreatic carcinoma, cell lines for research on cholangiocarcinoma have been limited. This study suggests the application of the TK cell line to the pharmacokinetic study of the chemosensitization of therapeutic drugs, such as GEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Kamada
- Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Akiyoshi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naotake Funamizu
- Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kouki Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Manome
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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