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Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Alleviate Hepatic Fibrosis Phenotypes In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111777. [PMID: 34769206 PMCID: PMC8584085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to metallic nanoparticles (NPs) can result in inadvertent NP accumulation in body tissues. While their subsequent cellular interactions can lead to unintended consequences and are generally regarded as detrimental for health, they can on occasion mediate biologically beneficial effects. Among NPs, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NP) possess strong antioxidant properties and have shown to alleviate certain pathological conditions. Herein, we show that the presence of cubic 25 nm CeO2 NP was able to reduce TGF-β-mediated activation in the cultured hepatic stellate cell line LX2 by reducing oxidative stress levels and TGF-β-mediated signalling. These cells displayed reduced classical liver fibrosis phenotypes, such as diminished fibrogenesis, altered matrix degradation, decreased cell motility, modified contractability and potentially lowered autophagy. These findings demonstrate that CeO2 NP may be able to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis and suggest a possible therapeutic pathway for an otherwise difficult-to-treat condition.
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The role of prostaglandins E1 and E2, dinoprostone, and misoprostol in cervical ripening and the induction of labor: a mechanistic approach. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:167-179. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Thorbiörnson A, Vladic T, Stjernholm YV. Oral versus vaginal prostaglandin for labor induction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:789-792. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1190823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Macrophage gene expression associated with remodeling of the prepartum rat cervix: microarray and pathway analyses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119782. [PMID: 25811906 PMCID: PMC4374766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the critical gatekeeper for birth, prepartum remodeling of the cervix is associated with increased resident macrophages (Mφ), proinflammatory processes, and extracellular matrix degradation. This study tested the hypothesis that expression of genes unique to Mφs characterizes the prepartum from unremodeled nonpregnant cervix. Perfused cervix from prepartum day 21 postbreeding (D21) or nonpregnant (NP) rats, with or without Mφs, had RNA extracted and whole genome microarray analysis performed. By subtractive analyses, expression of 194 and 120 genes related to Mφs in the cervix from D21 rats were increased and decreased, respectively. In both D21 and NP groups, 158 and 57 Mφ genes were also more or less up- or down-regulated, respectively. Mφ gene expression patterns were most strongly correlated within groups and in 5 major clustering patterns. In the cervix from D21 rats, functional categories and canonical pathways of increased expression by Mφ gene related to extracellular matrix, cell proliferation, differentiation, as well as cell signaling. Pathways were characteristic of inflammation and wound healing, e.g., CD163, CD206, and CCR2. Signatures of only inflammation pathways, e.g., CSF1R, EMR1, and MMP12 were common to both D21 and NP groups. Thus, a novel and complex balance of Mφ genes and clusters differentiated the degraded extracellular matrix and cellular genomic activities in the cervix before birth from the unremodeled state. Predicted Mφ activities, pathways, and networks raise the possibility that expression patterns of specific genes characterize and promote prepartum remodeling of the cervix for parturition at term and with preterm labor.
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Roos N, Blesson CS, Stephansson O, Masironi B, Vladic Stjernholm Y, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Sahlin L. The expression of prostaglandin receptors EP3 and EP4 in human cervix in post-term pregnancy differs between failed and successful labor induction. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013; 93:159-67. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Roos
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H2:01; Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Chellakkan S. Blesson
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Olof Stephansson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H2:01; Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Britt Masironi
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ylva Vladic Stjernholm
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H2:01; Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Gunvor Ekman-Ordeberg
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H2:01; Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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[Factors predicting unsuccessful labor induction with dinoprostone in post-term pregnancy with unfavorable cervix]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 44:28-33. [PMID: 24239036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify predictive factors for unsuccessful induction of labor within 24hours after dinoprostone insertion in post-term pregnancy with unfavorable cervix. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 325 singleton pregnancies with a diagnosis of post-term pregnancy and unfavorable cervix (Bishop score<6) during the period January 2012-Decembre 2012. Patients were classified into 2 groups: successful labor, defined as cervical ripening, within 24hours after dinoprostone insertion (Group R; n=248; 76.3 %) or failure group (Group E; n=77; 23.7 %). Antepartum and perpartum characteristics of women were compared. RESULTS Nulliparity (74.0 versus 56.0 %; OR=2.23; 95 % CI: 1.27-4.00; P=0.005), gestational age ≤41 SA+4 (53.2 versus 33.9 %; OR=2.22; 95 % CI: 1.32-3.74; P=0.003) and history of dilatation and curettage (27.3 versus 10.5 %; OR=3.19; 95 % CI: 1.66-6.11; P=0.0005) were significantly associated with unsuccessful induction of labor. Bishop score was significantly higher in Group R (3.6 versus 1.9; P=0.001). Also, consistency (74.0 versus 44.4 %; OR=3.57; 95 % CI: 2.04-6.40; P<10(-5)) and absence of dilatation of the cervix (59.7 versus 23.0 %; OR=4.97; 95 % CI: 2.89-8.56; P<10(-6)) were identified as significant predictive factors for unsuccessful induction of labor. CONCLUSION Nulliparity, gestational age ≤41 SA+4, history of dilatation and curettage and Bishop score, in particular consistency and dilatation, are correlated with failure of cervical ripening in post-term pregnancy with unfavorable cervix.
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Lee WH, Lee JM, Lim C, Kim S, Kim SG. Structural requirements within protoporphyrin IX in the inhibition of heat shock protein 90. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 204:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Chioss G, Costantine M, Bytautiene E, Betancourt A, Hankins G, Saade G, Longo M. In vitro myometrial contractility profiles of different pharmacological agents used for induction of labor. Am J Perinatol 2012; 29:699-704. [PMID: 22644831 PMCID: PMC3445781 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of different pharmacological induction agents on myometrial contractility. STUDY DESIGN Myometrial biopsies were obtained from 13 term nonlaboring women undergoing scheduled cesarean delivery. Tissue strips were suspended in organ chambers for isometric tension recording. The effects of cumulative doses (10-10 mol/L to 10-5 mol/L) of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), E2 (PGE2), and oxytocin on spontaneous uterine contractility were determined. Areas under the contraction curve were compared using one-way analysis of variance on ranks with Dunn post hoc test. RESULTS Oxytocin-induced myometrial contractility was superior to PGE1, PGE2, and time controls (CTR) at all the concentrations tested. When only prostaglandins were compared with CTR, PGE1 10-5 mol/L increased myometrial contractility, and PGE2 had no effects. CONCLUSION Oxytocin and prostaglandins have different effects on myometrial contractility accounting for different mechanisms of action and side effects. The increased uterine contractility observed with PGE1 as compared with PGE2 can contribute to explain the higher success of vaginal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Chioss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Maged Costantine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Egle Bytautiene
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ancizar Betancourt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Gary Hankins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - George Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Monica Longo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Chiossi G, Costantine M, Bytautiene E, Kechichian T, Hankins G, Sbrana E, Saade G, Longo M. The effects of prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin E2 on in vitro myometrial contractility and uterine structure. Am J Perinatol 2012; 29:615-22. [PMID: 22639355 PMCID: PMC3459059 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and E2 (PGE2) on myometrial contractility and structure in vitro. STUDY DESIGN Myometrial strips from 18 women were incubated with PGE1 (10-5 mol/L), PGE2 (10-5 mol/L), or solvent (CTR) for up to 360 minutes in organ chambers for isometric tension recording. The area under the contraction curve, total collagen content, and percentage of the area covered by connective tissue were calculated at various time periods. RESULTS PGE1 significantly increased in vitro myometrial contractility up to 90 minutes when compared with PGE2 and CTR (p < 0.01) and up to 180 minutes as compared with PGE2 (p < 0.05). After 360 minutes, CTR and PGE1 samples had lower total collagen content and area covered by connective tissue than PGE2 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The effects of prostaglandins on the uterus cannot be solely explained by contractility. Treatment with PGE1 significantly increased myometrial contractions and decreased both total collagen content and the area covered by connective tissue. Such findings may explain the higher rates of vaginal delivery, tachysystole, and uterine rupture associated with PGE1 use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Chiossi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Maged Costantine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Egle Bytautiene
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Talar Kechichian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Gary Hankins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Elena Sbrana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - George Saade
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Monica Longo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Ghulé VV, Gray C, Galimberti A, Anumba DOC. Prostaglandin-induced cervical remodelling in humans in the first trimester is associated with increased expression of specific tight junction, but not gap junction proteins. J Transl Med 2012; 10:40. [PMID: 22397627 PMCID: PMC3358244 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostaglandins (PG) are widely employed to induce cervical remodelling (CR) in pregnancy. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Tight junctions (TJ) and gap junctions (GJ) regulate paracellular and intercellular solute transport respectively but their role in the process of CR remains unexplored. We hypothesized that the synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue Misoprostol (M), widely used in clinical practice to induce CR, may alter TJ and GJ expression as part of the changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) associated with remodelling. We investigated the effects of Misoprostol exposure on the expression of cervical TJ (claudins 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and occludin) and GJ (connexins 43, 30 and 26) in the 1st trimester. Methods Cervical biopsies were obtained from pregnant women and comparisons of TJ and GJ protein expression (by western blotting) and immunolocalisation (laser scanning confocal microscopy) made between those who were administered vaginal Misoprostol (n = 10) and those who were not (n = 5). Results We found that Misoprostol-treated tissue (M+) had higher expression of Claudins 1,2,4,7 and occludin (p < 0.05) than untreated (M-) tissue. Expression levels of Claudins 1, 2 and 4 were positively correlated to interval from Misoprostol treatment to biopsy, whilst occludin was negatively correlated. Misoprostol-treated cervical tissue demonstrated more endothelial claudin-5 and occludin, whilst expression of GJs were unchanged. Conclusion Our observations suggest, for the first time, that increased expression of tight junction proteins may be one of the mechanisms by which Misoprostol induces CR in humans. Further studies are needed to explore if TJ proteins may be therapeutic targets to alter timing of CR in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidita V Ghulé
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human preterm and term cervical ripening. J Reprod Immunol 2010; 84:176-85. [PMID: 20096464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cervical ripening is necessary for successful delivery. Since cytokines are believed to be involved in this process, the aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12, IL-18) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) in the human cervix during pregnancy, term and preterm labor. Cervical biopsies were taken from 59 women: 21 at preterm labor, 24 at term labor, 10 at term not in labor and 4 from non-pregnant women. mRNA was analyzed with real-time RT-PCR and protein expression and/or secretion with immunohistochemistry and ELISA. There was an upregulation of mRNA for IL-10, IL-13, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta in the laboring groups, while mRNA for IL-12 and IL-18 was downregulated. IL-4 mRNA was detected more frequently, while IL-12 mRNA expression was lower, in the preterm labor group than in the term labor group. The protein levels of IL-4 and IL-12 were lower and IL-18 tended to be higher in the labor groups, while IL-10 protein levels were unaffected by labor. IL-4 protein levels were significantly higher in the preterm subgroup with bacterial infection than in the non-infected group. IL-10 had higher expression in squamous epithelium at preterm labor than at term. In conclusion, the major changes in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein expression in cervix occur during the labor process irrespective of the length of gestation. Our results indicate that dysregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the human cervix could be involved in the pathogenesis of preterm labor.
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Dubicke A, Andersson P, Fransson E, Andersson E, Sioutas A, Malmström A, Sverremark-Ekström E, Ekman-Ordeberg G. High-mobility group box protein 1 and its signalling receptors in human preterm and term cervix. J Reprod Immunol 2009; 84:86-94. [PMID: 19962765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify possible changes in mRNA and protein expression of high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and its suggested receptors - receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 - in human cervix during pregnancy, term and preterm labor. Cervical biopsies were taken from 58 women: 20 at preterm labor, 24 at term labor, 10 at term not in labor and 4 from non-pregnant women. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify mRNA expression, and immunohistochemistry and ELISA for protein analysis. HMGB1, RAGE, TLR2 and TLR4 proteins were localized and their mRNA expression was detected in the cervix. There was more extranuclear HMGB1 in the cervical epithelium and stroma in preterm and term labor compared to the term not in labor. TLR2 mRNA expression was upregulated 5-fold in term labor and 3-fold in preterm labor compared to term not in labor and non-pregnant controls. There was lower expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNAs in preterm labor compared to term. Lower mRNA expression of HMGB1 was found in the subgroup with preterm premature rupture of membranes than in the rest of the preterm group, where levels were significantly higher than in term labor. In conclusion, extranuclear expression of HMGB1 during labor suggests a possible role of HMGB1 during the process of cervical ripening. Changes in expression of mRNAs encoding HMGB1, TLR2 and TLR4 in preterm labor suggest differences in the mechanism of cervical ripening at preterm and term delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelija Dubicke
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Vladic-Stjernholm Y, Vladic T, Blesson CS, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Sahlin L. Prostaglandin treatment is associated with a withdrawal of progesterone and androgen at the receptor level in the uterine cervix. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7:116. [PMID: 19852793 PMCID: PMC2774313 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-7-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with prostaglandin(PG)-E2 is clinically efficient for cervical priming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PG-E2 on the expression of the progesterone (PR), androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors in human uterine cervix in prolonged pregnancy. The study groups were postterm nulliparous women with unripe cervices undergoing cervical priming with PG-E2 before labor induction. Responders (n = 12) who delivered vaginally were compared with non-responders (n = 10), who underwent cesarean section due to failure to progress to the active phase of labor. Controls (n = 18) with vaginal partus at a normal gestational age served as a reference group. Cervical levels of PR-A and PR- B isoforms, AR and GR, serum levels of their ligands and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were quantified. The responder group displayed lower total PR-AB and AR protein levels as compared to non-responders, and lower PR-B and AR protein levels as compared to controls. In addition, the PR mRNA level was lower in responders as compared to non-responders. The GR protein level did not differ between the groups. We conclude that successful PG-E2 priming was followed by a progesterone and androgen withdrawal at the receptor level in the uterine cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Vladic-Stjernholm
- Division for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Chellakkan S Blesson
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunvor Ekman-Ordeberg
- Division for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Sahlin
- Division for Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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