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Wang Y, Liu B, Zhou C, Wang Y, Miao J, Zhao L. Pulmonary embolism induces pneumonia-like lung injury beyond pulmonary infarction. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12322. [PMID: 38111797 PMCID: PMC10726156 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) commonly manifest concomitant "pneumonia," which is generally believed to be either a cause (infection) or a consequence (infarction) of PE. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between PE and "pneumonia-like" lesions beyond pulmonary infection and infarction. Chest computed tomography (CT) images of patients with PE and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were retrospectively analyzed to compare the incidence of pneumonia lesions. The pathological damage and wet/dry ratio of lung tissues were observed in PE rats and PE plasma-injected rats. In total, 793 and 914 inpatients were enrolled in the PE and DVT groups, respectively. Pneumonia lesions were observed in 36.9% and 26.3% of patients in the PE and DVT groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). Among PE rats, 33.3% exhibited focal severe lung injury, which closely resembled the pathological damage of community-acquired pneumonia. The wet/dry ratio was significantly higher in the PE group than in the PE-control group (4.98 ± 0.08 vs. 4.39 ± 0.06, p < 0.0001). Among PE plasma-injected rats, individuals with focal proven lung injury were found at all experimental points, with an incidence of 27.6%. The lung wet/dry ratio was significantly higher in the PE plasma group than in the PE-control plasma group at 1 and 2 h postinjection (5.02 ± 0.12 vs. 4.61 ± 0.06 and 4.76 ± 0.16 vs. 4.34 ± 0.09, respectively; p < 0.05). In conclusion, the manifestation of pneumonia lesions in chest CT images was higher among PE patients than among DVT patients. Plasma of PE rats could induce focal pneumonia-like lung injury in healthy rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Bo Liu
- Medical Research CenterShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic DiseasesShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Chuming Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jianing Miao
- Medical Research CenterShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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Karpov AA, Mihailova AM, Cherepanov DE, Chefu SG, Shilenko LA, Vaulina DD, Butskikh MG, Chervaev KA, Sidorova EE, Ivkin DY, Galagudza MM. The Use of Microencapsulated Autologous Thrombi for Modelling Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:616-619. [PMID: 37853268 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we developed a model of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) using repeated intravenous administration of microencapsulated thrombi with a controlled rate of biodegradation. Autologous thrombi encapsulated in alginate microspheres with a diameter of 190±48 μm were intravenously injected to rats 8 times every 4 days. In the comparison group, nonmodified thrombi were injected. After 6 weeks, a significant increase in systolic pressure in the right ventricle, a decrease in exercise tolerance, and an increase in the index of vascular wall hypertrophy were revealed in the group receiving injections of microencapsulated thrombi in comparison with the group receiving nonmodified thrombi and healthy animals. Thus, the developed representative CTEPH model can be used to test promising pharmacological substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Karpov
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A M Mihailova
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D E Cherepanov
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S G Chefu
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L A Shilenko
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D D Vaulina
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - M G Butskikh
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kh A Chervaev
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E E Sidorova
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Yu Ivkin
- St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M M Galagudza
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Heterogeneity in the reported values and methodologies for detecting plasma D-Dimer in rat models: A systematic review. THROMBOSIS UPDATE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tru.2023.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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Karpov AA, Vaulina DD, Smirnov SS, Moiseeva OM, Galagudza MM. Rodent models of pulmonary embolism and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09014. [PMID: 35295664 PMCID: PMC8919224 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most prevalent cardiovascular disease. It is associated with high in-hospital mortality and the development of acute and chronic complications. New approaches aimed at improving the prognosis of patients with PE are largely dependent on reliable animal models. Mice, rats, hamsters, and rabbits, are currently most commonly used for PE modeling because of their ethical acceptability and economic feasibility. This article provides an overview of the main approaches to PE modeling, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Special attention is paid to experimental endpoints, including morphological, functional, and molecular endpoints. All approaches to PE modeling can be broadly divided into three main groups: 1) induction of thromboembolism, either by thrombus formation in vivo or by injection of in vitro prepared blood clots; 2) introduction of particles of non-thrombotic origin; and 3) surgical procedures. The choice of a specific model and animal species is determined based on the objectives of the study. Rodent models of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), which is the most devastating complication of PE, are also described. CTEPH models are especially challenging because of insufficient knowledge about the pathogenesis and high fibrinolytic activity of rodent plasma. The CTEPH model should demonstrate a persistent increase in pulmonary artery pressure and stable reduction of the vascular bed due to recurrent embolism. Based on the analysis of available evidence, one might conclude that currently, there is no single optimal method for modeling PE and CTEPH.
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Karpov AA, Anikin NA, Mihailova AM, Smirnov SS, Vaulina DD, Shilenko LA, Ivkin DY, Bagrov AY, Moiseeva OM, Galagudza MM. Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats Caused by Repeated Intravenous Administration of Partially Biodegradable Sodium Alginate Microspheres. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031149. [PMID: 33498971 PMCID: PMC7865986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare and life-threatening complication of pulmonary embolism. As existing animal models of CTEPH do not fully recapitulate complex disease pathophysiology, we report a new rat model for CTEPH evoked by repetitive embolization of the distal pulmonary artery branches with partially biodegradable alginate microspheres (MSs). MSs (180 ± 28 μm) were intravenously administered eight times at 4-day intervals; control animals received saline. The validity of the model was confirmed using transthoracic echocardiography, exercise testing, catheterization of the right ventricle, and histological examination of the lung and heart. The animals in the CTEPH group demonstrated a stable increase in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and decreased exercise tolerance. Histopathological examination revealed advanced medial hypertrophy in the small pulmonary arteries associated with fibrosis. The diameter of the main pulmonary artery was significantly larger in the CTEPH group than in the control group. Marinobufagenin and endothelin-1 serum levels were significantly elevated in rats with CTEPH. In conclusion, repetitive administration of alginate MSs in rats resulted in CTEPH development characterized by specific lung vasculature remodeling, reduced exercise tolerance, and a persistent rise in RVSP. The developed model can be used for pre-clinical testing of promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A. Karpov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.S.S.); (D.D.V.); (L.A.S.); (O.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.K.); (M.M.G.); Tel.: +7-951-678-7006 (A.A.K.)
| | - Nikita A. Anikin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.S.S.); (D.D.V.); (L.A.S.); (O.M.M.)
| | - Aleksandra M. Mihailova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.S.S.); (D.D.V.); (L.A.S.); (O.M.M.)
| | - Sergey S. Smirnov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.S.S.); (D.D.V.); (L.A.S.); (O.M.M.)
- First Pavlov State Medical University of Saint Petersburg, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dariya D. Vaulina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.S.S.); (D.D.V.); (L.A.S.); (O.M.M.)
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, Russian Academy of Science, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Leonid A. Shilenko
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.S.S.); (D.D.V.); (L.A.S.); (O.M.M.)
- First Pavlov State Medical University of Saint Petersburg, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu. Ivkin
- Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Alexei Y. Bagrov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Olga M. Moiseeva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.S.S.); (D.D.V.); (L.A.S.); (O.M.M.)
| | - Michael M. Galagudza
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.A.A.); (A.M.M.); (S.S.S.); (D.D.V.); (L.A.S.); (O.M.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.K.); (M.M.G.); Tel.: +7-951-678-7006 (A.A.K.)
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Wu D, Chen Y, Wang W, Li H, Yang M, Ding H, Lv X, Lian N, Zhao J, Deng C. The role of inflammation in a rat model of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension induced by carrageenan. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:492. [PMID: 32395536 PMCID: PMC7210127 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a life-threatening condition arising from the thrombus and obstructive remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, which causes a significant morbidity and mortality. Although the modern treatment in CTEPH has been significant advanced both in surgical and medical treatment, none can claim to cure the disease, largely because of our limited understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of the disease and lack of a reliable CTEPH animal model to study for. Recently, inflammation has been accepted as a common pathway through which various risk factors trigger venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) formation, we describe a novel mouse model of CTEPH which reproduces a frequent trigger and resembles the time course, histological features, and clinical presentation of CTEPH in humans, to open a new horizons of inflammation in CTEPH. Methods By administering a pulmonary embolism (PE) protocol (comprising 3 sequential left jugular vein injections of autologous blood clots) to 8-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats using tranexamic acid (200 mg/kg.d) to inhibit fibrinolysis and injecting additional carrageenan (20 mg/kg, once a week) to create perivascular inflammation, we successfully generated a CTEPH animal model. By monitoring the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and the histopathological change to evaluate the CTEPH model. By detecting the RT-PCR, western blot, TUNEL, and immunohistochemistry in the sub-groups to find the potential mechanism of inflammation may work in the pulmonary vascular remolding. Results In this study, rats with CTEPH exhibited pronounced pulmonary vascular remolding with higher vessel wall area/total area (WA/TA) ratio in comparison to the control rats (85.41%±7.37% vs. 76.41%±5.97%, P<0.05), the mPAP (25.51±1.13 vs. 15.92±1.13 mmHg, P<0.05). Significant differences in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) values were observed between rats injected solely with clots and those injected with both clots and carrageenan (25.51±1.13 vs. 29.82±1.26 mmHg, P<0.05, respectively). Furthermore, following the third embolization, thrombi and intimal hyperplasia occurred in the pulmonary artery. In addition, repeated embolization elevated mRNA and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), NF-κB/p65, and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), but decreased BAX expression in a time-dependent manner. Conclusions Take advantage of the inflammation to trigger VTE formation, we successfully generated a CTEPH animal model. Inflammation may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of CTEPH by inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis. Understanding the role of inflammation in CTEPH may not only help to determine the optimal treatment options but also may aid in the development of future preventative strategies, since current anticoagulation treatment regimens are not designed to inhibit inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawen Wu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Division of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Minxia Yang
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xiaoting Lv
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Ningfang Lian
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Jianming Zhao
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Chaosheng Deng
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
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Lin JW, Yang LH, Ren ZC, Mu DG, Li YQ, Yan JP, Wang LX, Chen C. Resveratrol downregulates TNF-α-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in primary rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells by P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1843-1853. [PMID: 31213772 PMCID: PMC6549410 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s184785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the effects of resveratrol to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in this process in vitro. Materials and methods: Animal acute pulmonary
thromboembolism (PTE) model: rat model was established by infusion of an autologous blood clot into the pulmonary artery through a polyethylene catheter. One hundred and thirty-two rats were randomly and equally divided into ten groups: rats-control (untreated), rats-1% DMSO, rats-TNF-α, rats-TNF-α + resveratrol, rats-TNF-α +C1142, rats-TNF-α+SB203580, rats-TNF-α+resveratrol + SB203580, rats-resveratrol only, rats-C1142 only, and rats-SB203580 only. Rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells (RPAs) tests: RPAs were isolated from above animal and designated as: RPAs-control, RPAs-1% DMSO control, RPAs-TNF-α, RPAs-TNF-α + resveratrol, RPAs-TNF-α + C1142, RPAs-TNF-α + SB203580, RPAs-TNF-α + resveratrol + SB203580, RPAs-resveratrol only, RPAs-C1142 only, and RPAs-SB203580 only. Each group was further divided into 1, 4, and 8 hrs time point for evaluation (n=6 rats per time point) except RPAs-TNF-α + SB203580, RPAs-TNF-α + resveratrol + SB203580, RPAs-C1142 and RPAs-SB203580 only, which were evaluated at 8 hrs time point. At each time point, mRNA and protein expressions of RPAs of MCP-1 were measured. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (p-pMAPK) of RPAs was also detected. Results: We found that the RPAs-TNF-α elicited significant increases in MCP-1 expression and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK). Furthermore, the MCP-1 expressions of RPAs-Resveratrol, RPAs-C1142, and RPAs-SB203580 were significantly down-regulated, which was associated with robustly suppressed TNF-α-induced p-p38MAPK expression. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that MCP-1 was involved in the formation of TNF-α-induced inflammatory response, and resveratrol could down-regulate the expression of MCP-1 via TNF-α- inhibition, which might contribute to the decline of acute PTE-induced PH in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Xiasha Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-He Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325600, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Chao Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Guang Mu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Xing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhou X, Jiao H, Fan F, Xue Q, Wang X, Zhong Z. Efficacy evaluation of reteplase in a novel canine acute pulmonary thromboembolism model developed by minimally invasive surgery and digital subtraction angiography. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:3717-3730. [PMID: 30464403 PMCID: PMC6219412 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s180151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In order to evaluate the thrombolytic effects of reteplase in pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), we developed a novel canine PTE model. The efficacy of reteplase against PTE in comparison to alteplase was clarified for the first time, and this PTE model could be further applied to studies of novel thrombolytic therapies. Patients and methods Twenty-four dogs were divided into four groups: sham operation, vehicle, alteplase, and reteplase. Autologous thrombi/saline were injected into the pulmonary artery, and thrombolytic agents were administrated. Thrombus formation and dissolution were monitored by real-time digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and pulmonary pressures were measured simultaneously. Blood coagulation, blood gas, hematology, and histopathologic examinations were used as subsidiary methods. Results The canine PTE model was established with a significant decrease of blood flow and ~75% blocking area. Administration of reteplase (0.6 mg/kg) resulted in effective thrombus dissolution with a recovery of over 80% blood flow, as effective as alteplase (1.6 mg/kg). Correspondingly, the elevated pulmonary systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures declined to the normal level. Blood coagulation was changed by reteplase, with a dramatic elongation of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time, even longer than alteplase. In contrast to the vehicle group, no obvious pathological changes were found in the two thrombolytic groups. Hematological, blood biochemical, and blood gas results also indicated that reteplase had no adverse reactions in this PTE model. Conclusion Reteplase proved to be an effective and safe therapy for PTE for the first time, and a small dosage of reteplase exerted an efficacy comparable to the routine dosage of alteplase. Our findings indicated the potential of reteplase as clinical treatment against PTE. This technically innovative, stability- and validity-proved canine PTE model developed by minimally invasive surgery and DSA resembled major clinical features. This may further facilitate our understanding of thrombotic disorders and development of prophylactic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbing Zhang
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, , .,Sichuan Kangcheng Biomed Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China, ,
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Angde Biotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yingqian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, ,
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, , .,Sichuan Kangcheng Biomed Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China, ,
| | - Jie Zhang
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, , .,Sichuan Kangcheng Biomed Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China, ,
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- Angde Biotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - He Jiao
- Department of Interventional therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Fan
- Department of Neurointervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Food and Drug Administration of Shibei District Government, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, , .,Sichuan Kangcheng Biomed Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China, ,
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, , .,Sichuan Kangcheng Biomed Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China, ,
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9
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Bilan VP, Schneider F, Novelli EM, Kelley EE, Shiva S, Gladwin MT, Jackson EK, Tofovic SP. Experimental intravascular hemolysis induces hemodynamic and pathological pulmonary hypertension: association with accelerated purine metabolism. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018791557. [PMID: 30003836 PMCID: PMC6080084 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018791557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is emerging as a serious complication associated with
hemolytic disorders, and plexiform lesions (PXL) have been reported in patients
with sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesized that repetitive hemolysis per se
induces PH and angioproliferative vasculopathy and evaluated a new mechanism for
hemolysis-associated PH (HA-PH) that involves the release of adenosine deaminase
(ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) from erythrocytes. In healthy
rats, repetitive administration of hemolyzed autologous blood (HAB) for 10 days
produced reversible pulmonary parenchymal injury and vascular remodeling and PH.
Moreover, the combination of a single dose of Sugen-5416 (SU, 200 mg/kg) and
10-day HAB treatment resulted in severe and progressive obliterative PH and
formation of PXL (Day 26, right ventricular peak systolic pressure (mmHg):
26.1 ± 1.1, 41.5 ± 0.5 and 85.1 ± 5.9 in untreated, HAB treated and SU+HAB
treated rats, respectively). In rats, repetitive administration of HAB increased
plasma ADA activity and reduced urinary adenosine levels. Similarly, SCD
patients had higher plasma ADA and PNP activity and accelerated adenosine,
inosine, and guanosine metabolism than healthy controls. Our study provides
evidence that hemolysis per se leads to the development of angioproliferative
PH. We also report the development of a rat model of HA-PH that closely mimics
pulmonary vasculopathy seen in patients with HA-PH. Finally, this study suggests
that in hemolytic diseases released ADA and PNP may increase the risk of PH,
likely by abolishing the vasoprotective effects of adenosine, inosine and
guanosine. Further characterization of this new rat model of hemolysis-induced
angioproliferative PH and additional studies of the role of purines metabolism
in HA-PH are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P Bilan
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,3 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frank Schneider
- 4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Enrico M Novelli
- 2 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,3 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- 5 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- 2 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,6 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,3 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- 6 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stevan P Tofovic
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,2 Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,3 Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Diagnosis and Exclusion of Pulmonary Embolism. Thromb Res 2018; 163:207-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Deng C, Wu D, Yang M, Chen Y, Wang C, Zhong Z, Lian N, Chen H, Wu S. Expression of tissue factor and forkhead box transcription factor O-1 in a rat model for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2017; 42:520-8. [PMID: 27542118 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-016-1413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Few reports have examined tissue factor (TF) and forkhead box transcription factor O-1 (FoxO1) expression in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) animal models. To investigate the role of TF and FoxO1 and their interactions during CTEPH pathogenesis in a rat model. Autologous blood clots were repeatedly injected into the pulmonary arteries through right jugular vein to induce a rat model of CTEPH. Hemodynamic parameters, histopathology, and TF and FoxO1expression levels were detected. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance and vessel wall area/total area (WA/TA) ratio in the experiment group increased significantly than sham group (P < 0.05). The cardiac output in the 1-, 2-, and 4-week groups decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when compared to sham group. TF mRNA expression levels in the experiment group increased significantly than sham group (P < 0.05). FoxO1 mRNA and protein expression levels were lower in the experiment group than sham group (P < 0.05). The mPAP had a positive correlation with WA/TA ratio (r = 0.45, P = 0.01). TF mRNA expression had a positive correlation with WA/TA ratio (r = 0.374, P = 0.035) and a positive correlation with mPAP (r = 0.48, P= 0.005). FoxO1 mRNA expression had a negative correlation trend with the WA/TA ratio (r = -0.297, P = 0.099) and a negative correlation trend with mPAP (r = -0.34, P = 0.057). TF mRNA expression had a negative correlation with FoxO1 mRNA expression (r = -0.62, P < 0.001). A rat model of CTEPH can be successfully established by the injection of autologous blood clots into the pulmonary artery. TF and FoxO1 may play a key role in vascular remodeling during CTEPH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Deng
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
| | - Dawen Wu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Minxia Yang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Zhanghua Zhong
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Ningfang Lian
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
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Neto-Neves EM, Brown MB, Zaretskaia MV, Rezania S, Goodwill AG, McCarthy BP, Persohn SA, Territo PR, Kline JA. Chronic Embolic Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by Pulmonary Embolism and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:700-712. [PMID: 28183533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the pathophysiological basis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) will be accelerated by an animal model that replicates the phenotype of human CTEPH. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered a combination of a single dose each of plastic microspheres and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist in polystyrene microspheres (PE) + tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU5416 (SU) group. Shams received volume-matched saline; PE and SU groups received only microspheres or SU5416, respectively. PE + SU rats exhibited sustained pulmonary hypertension (62 ± 13 and 53 ± 14 mmHg at 3 and 6 weeks, respectively) with reduction of the ventriculoarterial coupling in vivo coincident with a large decrement in peak rate of oxygen consumption during aerobic exercise, respectively. PE + SU produced right ventricular hypokinesis, dilation, and hypertrophy observed on echocardiography, and 40% reduction in right ventricular contractile function in isolated perfused hearts. High-resolution computed tomographic pulmonary angiography and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry revealed abundant lung neovascularization and cellular proliferation in PE that was distinctly absent in the PE + SU group. We present a novel rodent model to reproduce much of the known phenotype of CTEPH, including the pivotal pathophysiological role of impaired vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent vascular remodeling. This model may reveal a better pathophysiological understanding of how PE transitions to CTEPH in human treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro M Neto-Neves
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mary B Brown
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Maria V Zaretskaia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Samin Rezania
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Adam G Goodwill
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brian P McCarthy
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Scott A Persohn
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paul R Territo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jeffrey A Kline
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Best Clinical Practice: Current Controversies in Pulmonary Embolism Imaging and Treatment of Subsegmental Thromboembolic Disease. J Emerg Med 2017; 52:184-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Deng C, Wu D, Zhai Z, Lin Q, Zhong Z, Yang Y, Chen Q, Lian N, Gao S, Yang M, Liu K, Wang C. Close concordance between pulmonary angiography and pathology in a canine model with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism and pathological mechanisms after lung ischemia reperfusion injury. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2016; 41:581-91. [PMID: 26286518 PMCID: PMC4819541 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-015-1268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the pulmonary angiography and pathology in a canine model with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). The cylindrical blood clots were selectively introduced into the left (n = 10) or right (n = 20) lower pulmonary arteries of dogs. Pulmonary arteriography (PA) was performed before or after embolization. The values after embolization and baseline of mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, cardiac output had changed. After 1 or 2 weeks' embolization, local PA demonstrated the abrupt cut-off perfusion defects or webs, bands, and abrupt vascular narrowing. 2 weeks after embolization, the pathology showed that the fibrin networks of the thrombi had multiple recanalization channels, and pulmonary artery had the concentric, lamellar (onion-like) intimal hyperplasia, multilayered, irregular arrangements of endothelial cells, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. After embolectomy-mediated reperfusion, 2 weeks' subgroup showed destroyed and incomplete alveolar structures, and a large number of exudative cells, primarily neutrophils, and exudate. There close concordance between pulmonary angiography and pathology in a canine model with chronic PTE. The LIRI mechanisms after embolectomy-mediated reperfusion involve the destroyed, incomplete alveolar structures, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, primarily neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Deng
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
| | - Dawen Wu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhai
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institution of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qichang Lin
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Zhanghua Zhong
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanhua Yang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institution of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Ningfang Lian
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Shaoyong Gao
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Minxia Yang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Kaixiong Liu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Respiratory and Pulmonary Circulation, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100730, China
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Deng C, Wu D, Yang M, Chen Y, Ding H, Zhong Z, Lian N, Zhang Q, Wu S, Liu K. The role of tissue factor and autophagy in pulmonary vascular remodeling in a rat model for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res 2016; 17:65. [PMID: 27234007 PMCID: PMC4884382 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few reports have examined tissue factor (TF) and autophagy expression in chronic pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension (CTEPH) animal models. Objectives: To investigate the role of tissue factor (TF), autophagy and their interactions during chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) pathogenesis in a rat model. Methods Autologous blood clots were repeatedly injected into the left jugular vein of rats with injecting endogenous fibrinolysis inhibitor tranexamic acid (TXA). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), histopathology and TF, Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC3) expression levels were detected. Results The mPAP and vessel wall area/total area (WA/TA) ratio in the experiment group increased significantly (P < 0.05). TF mRNA and protein expression levels in the experiment group increased significantly (P < 0.05). Beclin-1 and LC3B mRNA and protein expression levels were lower in the experiment group (P < 0.05). The mPAP had a positive correlation with WA/TA ratio (r = 0.955, P < 0.05). Beclin-1 and LC3B protein expression had a negative correlation with the WA/TA ratio (r = -0.963, P < 0.05, r = -0.965, P < 0.05, respectively). TF protein expression had a negative correlation with both Beclin-1 and LC3B protein expression (r = -0.995, P <0.05, r = -0972, P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions A rat model of CTEPH can be established by repeatedly introducing autologous blood clots into the pulmonary artery with injecting TXA. TF and autophagy may play a key role during CTEPH pathogenesis, especially in vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaosheng Deng
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China.
| | - Dawen Wu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China
| | - Minxia Yang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China
| | - Zhanghua Zhong
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China
| | - Ningfang Lian
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China
| | - Qiaoxian Zhang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China
| | - Kaixiong Liu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350005, China
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Upregulation of canonical transient receptor potential channel in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle of a chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension rat model. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:821-8. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Emergency Evaluation for Pulmonary Embolism, Part 2: Diagnostic Approach. J Emerg Med 2015; 49:104-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kang MH, Park HM. Evaluation of autologous blood clot subsegmental pulmonary thromboembolism in minimally invasive experimental canine model. Int J Exp Pathol 2013; 94:329-35. [PMID: 24020405 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and significance of subsegmental pulmonary (SSP) thromboembolism is currently under investigation. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and diagnostic features of SSP thromboembolism in an experimental canine model. Obstruction of pulmonary arterial branches was induced in three beagle dogs by intravenous injection of a barium-coated autologous blood clot (size, approximately 1.7 × 5 mm). The clinical signs, haemodynamic changes (blood pressure, electrocardiogram, echocardiography), coagulation (aPTT, PT, FDPs and D-dimer test) and cytokine variations (TNF-a, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) were evaluated over a 24-hour period. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with contrast was conducted to evaluate the pulmonary obstruction, and histopathological confirmation was performed. Pulmonary artery pressure gradient (PAPG) was increased 12 h after the autologous blood clot injection (14.2 ± 2.8 mmHg to 23.6 ± 1.7 mmHg, P = 0.003) and normalized 24 h later (P < 0.01). Infused radiopaque clots were confirmed with MDCT and histopathological examination. Pulmonary parenchymal changes such as arterial dilation and inflammatory reactions were also confirmed in histopathological examinations and were barely observable in MDCT. Usually small emboli are not easily detected through CT imaging, and the clinical relevance of these emboli is controversial. In this experimental study, we made radiopaque small emboli and induced SSP thromboembolism. Thus, we infer that obstruction of the small segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arteries does result in a pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and PTE-related pulmonary parenchymal changes which could be clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Kang
- BK21 Basic & Diagnostic Veterinary Specialist Program for Animal Diseases, Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Chun C, Yang W, Xueding C, Qi Z, Xiaoying H, Honglei X, Fangyou Y, Chan C, Yuanyuan L, Weixi Z, Dan Y, Zhoucang Z, Lehe Y, Cheng D, Liangxing W. Resveratrol downregulates acute pulmonary thromboembolism-induced pulmonary artery hypertension via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 signaling in rats. Life Sci 2012; 90:721-7. [PMID: 22507635 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In the present study, we explored the hypothesis that initiation of PH involves the upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in acute PTE. We evaluated the effects of resveratrol and the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in this process. MAIN METHODS A rat model of acute PTE was established by infusion of an autologous blood clot into the pulmonary artery through a polyethylene catheter. Rats were randomly divided into 1, 4, and 8 hour time groups. Resveratrol, C1142 (a rodent chimeric mAb that neutralizes rat MCP-1) or SB203580 (a p38MAPK specific inhibitor) was administered to the animals beginning 1 h prior to the start of the acute PTE protocol. At each time point, the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), mRNA and protein expressions of MCP-1 were measured. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (p-pMAPK) was also detected. KEY FINDINGS Acute PTE elicited significant increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), and up-regulated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK). Administration of C1142 markedly reduced mPAP. Furthermore, pre-treatment of rats with resveratrol significantly reduced mPAP and down-regulated the expression of MCP-1, which was associated with robustly suppressed acute PTE-induced p-p38MAPK expression. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggested that MCP-1 was involved in the formation of acute PTE-induced PH, and resveratrol down-regulated the expression of MCP-1 by inhibiting acute PTE-induced p-p38MAPK activation, which contributed to the decrease in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Pulmonary vascular reserve during experimental pulmonary embolism: Effects of a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, BAY 41-8543*. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:2700-4. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318226678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Watts JA, Marchick MR, Gellar MA, Kline JA. Up-regulation of arginase II contributes to pulmonary vascular endothelial cell dysfunction during experimental pulmonary embolism. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2011; 24:407-13. [PMID: 21281730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) causes pulmonary hypertension by mechanical obstruction and constriction of non-obstructed vasculature. We tested if experimental PE impairs pulmonary vascular endothelium-dependent dilation via activation of arginase II. Experimental PE was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by infusing 25 μm microspheres in the right jugular vein, producing moderate pulmonary hypertension. Shams received vehicle injection. Pulmonary arterial rings were isolated after 18 h and isometric tensions were determined. Dilations were induced with acetylcholine, calcium ionophore A23187 or nitroglycerin (NTG) in pre-contracted rings (phenylephrine). Protein expression was assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Arginase activity was inhibited by intravenous infusion of N(w)-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (nor-NOHA). l-Arginine supplementation was also given. Endothelium-dependent dilation responses were significantly reduced in PE vs. vehicle-treated animals (ACh: 50 ± 9% vs. 93 ± 3%; A23187: 19 ± 7% vs. 85 ± 7%, p < 0.05), while endothelium-independent dilations (NTG) were unchanged. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein content was unchanged by PE. Expression of arginase II increased 4.5-fold and immunohistochemistry revealed increased arginase II staining. Nor-NOHA treatment and l-arginine supplementation significantly improved pulmonary artery ring endothelium-dependent dilation in PE (ACh: 58 ± 6% PE, 88 ± 6% PE + nor-NOHA, 84 ± 4% PE + l-arginine). Experimental PE impairs endothelium-dependent pulmonary artery dilation, while endothelium-independent dilation remains unchanged. The data support the conclusion that up-regulation of arginase II protein expression contributes to pulmonary artery endothelial dysfunction in this model of experimental PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Watts
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.
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